Unit 3 Could you please clean your room知识梳理学案（无答案）人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room知识梳理
短语荟萃
do/wash the dishes 洗餐具 2.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
3.fold the clothes 叠衣服 4. sweep the floor 扫地
5.make the bed 铺床 6.clean the living room 打扫起居室
7.go out(for)(为……而)出去 8.stay out 待在外面;不在家
9. get a ride 搭个便车 10. work on 从事; 继续工作
11. help out with帮助;帮忙 12. at least 至少
13.be back 回来 14.solve the problem 解决问题；解决麻烦
e home回家 16.throw down 扔下
e over 过来;顺便来访 18.take...for a walk 带……去散步
19.all the time 反复；一直 20.all day /evening 整天/整晚
21.shout back 吼回去；吼叫回击 22.walk away 走开
23.in surprise 吃惊地；惊讶地 24.Neither of 二者都不
25.as soon as 一…就…. 26.hang out 闲逛
27.do chores/housework 做家务 28.a waste of time 浪费时间
29.in order to 为了... 30.get good grades 取得好成绩
31.get good grades 取得好成绩 32.depend on 依靠; 信赖
33.look after = take care of照顾；照料 34.as a result结果
重要句型及动词用法
finish doing sth.完成做某事
be enough for 足够
It is enough to do sth. 做某事就足够了
3.be angry with sb. 生某人的气
be angry about sth. 因某事生气
be as +adj.+as （原级比较）和.....一样
pass sb. sth. =pass sth. to sb.递给某人某物
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
help sb.with 在某方面帮助某人
lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物
hate to do sth.讨厌/厌恶做某事
hate doing sth.
Sb. spend... on sth. 在……上花费(时间或金钱)
Sb. spend .....(in) doing sth.
10.mind doing sth.介意做某事
11.provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物
12.It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth.做某事对于某人来说....
13.neither+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语. ……也不
14.try (not) to do sth.尽力(不)做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
15.make/let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事让/使某人做某事
16.have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
17.in order(not)to do sth. 为了(不)做某事
18.learn (how)to do sth.学会(怎样)做某事
19. do one's part in(doing)sth.尽自己的职责做某事
20.the+比较级…,the+比较级… 越……，就越……
21.There is no need for sb.to do sth.对某人来说没有必要做某事。
知识讲解及拓展延伸
1. take out 的用法
Peter , could you please take out the rubbish 彼得,请你去倒一下垃圾好吗
take out the rubbish 意为“倒垃圾”,其中 take out 表示“取出;拿出”。如果take out 的宾语是名词,该名词可以位于take 和 out 之间,也可以位于take out 之后。如果宾语是代词,该代词只能位于take和 out 之间。
Please take out the old newspapers.=Please take the old newspapers out.请把旧报纸拿出去。(注意：代词放中间)
My wallet is in the bag. I have to take it out first.我的钱包在包里,我得先把它拿出来。
例1 根据提示翻译句子
晚饭后你能把垃圾拿出去吗 ( take out )
————————————————————
答案：Could you take out the rubbish after dinner
2. 关于做家务的短语
Could you please sweep the floor 请你扫一下地好吗
本句中的 sweep the floor 意为“扫地”。其中 sweep 是动词,意为“扫;打扫”,其过去式和过去分词都是swept。
My mother is sweeping the floor at the moment.我妈妈这会儿正在扫地。
拓展延伸
和“家务劳动”有关的短语有:
make one's/the bed铺床 fold one's clothes叠衣服
do the dishes=wash the dishes洗餐具 sweep the floor 扫地
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 clean the room打扫房间
例-May , could you please___________
-Sorry.I'm busy doing my homework , Mum.
making your bed B.do the dishes
C.don't play games D.to take out the rubbish
答案 B
3.as...as...的用法
I'm just as tired as you are!我和你一样累!
as...as...表示“和……一样……”,as...as之间要用形容词或副词的原级。
She is as tall as her elder brother.她和她哥哥一样高。
拓展延伸
as...as...的否定结构： not as/so...as....表示“不如……;比不上……"
She is not as/so tall as her elder brother.她没有她哥哥个子高。
例 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词
David 不如他哥哥聪明,但他很勤奋。
David is ______ _______ _______ _______his brother, but he is very hard-working.
答案: not so/as clever as
4.neither 引导的倒装句
For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周她没有做任何家务,我也没有做。
句中的 neither did I是neither 引导的倒装句,结构是“neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”,表示“……也不”。
-I don't like pop music.我不喜欢流行音乐。
一Neither do I.我也不喜欢。
拓展延伸
so、neither 引导的倒装句
结 构 用 法
so+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语 当前面叙述的肯定 事实也适用于后者时
neither +助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语 当前面叙述的否定 事实也适用于后者时
She likes music and so do I.她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
She hasn't read it and neither have I.她还没有读它,我也没有。
例一I didn't feel well , so I didn't go on the school trip.
--__________.I had a test.
A.So did I B.So I did C.Neither I did D.Neither did I
答案:D
5.in surprise 的用法
“What happened "she asked in surprise. 她吃惊地问道:“发生什么事了 ”
in surprise 意为“惊讶地”,其中surprise 是名词,意为“惊讶”,surprise 还可以作动词,意为“使惊讶”。
She looked at me in surprise.她惊讶地看着我。
Your story surprised me so much.你的故事使我太惊讶了。
例 When my mother knew I could repair the computer by myself, she looked at me ___________surprise.
A.in B.to C.on D. at
答案: A
in order to 的用法
They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩,进入一所好大学,他们应该把他们的时间花在学业上。
句中的 in order to get good grades and get into a good university是目的状语,其中in order to 表示“目的是;为了”,后跟动词原形。 in order to do sth.表示“为了做某事”,否定结构: in order not to do sth.“为了不做某事”。
We started early in order to arrive before dark.为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了。
He got up early in order not to be late for school.为了上学不迟到,他起得很早。
拓展延伸
so that/ in order that表示“目的是，为了”，用来引导目的状语从句，此时可以转化为含to/ in order to的句子。
He studied hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.= He studied hard to/in order to pass the exam.为了能通过考试,他努力学习。
例 根据提示翻译句子
为了搜寻信息,我经常上网。( in order to...)
______________________________________.
答案： In order to search for information,I often surf the Internet.
7. provide 的用法
It is the parents' job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家中为他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。
本句中的 provide 是及物动词,表示“提供;供应”,后可接名词或代词作宾语。
具体用法如下:
provide sb. with sth. 提供给某人某物
provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物
Sheep provide us with wool.羊供给我们羊毛。
The hotel provides shoe-cleaning service for guests.该宾馆为客人提供擦鞋服务。
拓展延伸
短语offer sth. to sb.和offer sh.sth.也有“为某人提供某物”的意思哟!
例 Could you please ________some tea _________me
provide;on B.provide ; with C.provide;for D.give;for
答案C
8. depend on 的用法
Children these days depend on their parents too much.现在的孩子过于依赖他们的家长。
本句中的 depend on是固定短语,表示“依靠;信赖”,也作 depend upon。
Health depends on good food,fresh air and enough sleep.
健康依靠的是好的食物、新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。
It depends on whether she likes the boss or not.
这取决于她是否喜欢这个老板。
拓展延伸
常见的“动词+on”的短语有:
depend on依赖;依靠 come on快点;加油
put on穿上;上演 pass on 转交;传给
turn on打开 try on试穿
get on上车 call on 号召
例 -Are you going to do a part-time job in your free time
-Yes. I don't think I should always my parents.
A.turn on B.put on C.depend on D.come on
答案：C
9.“the+比较级...，the+比较级..”结构
The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，就会对他们的未来越好。
“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构意为“越……,就越……”。第一个“the+比较级..”相当于一个条件状语从句;第二个“the+比较级..”相当于主句。
The more books you read, the more you will know.你读书越多,你就会知道得越多。
The more she learns, the more she wants to learn.她越学越想学。
拓展延伸
“比较级+and+比较级”结构表示“越来越……”。
Summer is coming, so the weather is getting hotter and hotter.夏天要来了,所以天气越来越热。
例 ___________our country gets,the people will be, which is well known.
A.The stronger;the happier B.The more stronger ;the more happy
C.The stronger ;the happy D.The strong ;the happier
答案A
10.易错易混辨析 borrow, lend, keep
borrow：表示“借;借来;借入”,指向别人借来 东西,常见的搭配是 borrow
sth. from sb.
lend: 表示“借给;借出”,指把东西借给别人,常见的搭配是lend sb.sth.或lend sth. to sb.
Keep: 表示“长时间地借用”,可以和时间段以及 how long 搭配
Do you often borrow books from the library 你经常从图书馆借书吗
Thank you very much for lending it to me.非常感谢你把它借给了我。
How long can I keep the books 这些书我可以借多长时间
-For two weeks.两周。
注意: borrow是短暂性动词,不能和时间段搭配,如果用在现在完成时中,和时间段搭配时要用延续性动词keep。
I have kept the books for two weeks.这些书我借了两个星期了。
11.易错易混辨析both, neither, either, all, none
(1)both意为“两者都”,用于两者之间,可以和 and 搭配,both...and...表示“…… 和.....都”；
(2)neither 是 both 的完全否定形式，表示“两个都不”。可以和nor 搭
配,neither... nor...表示“….和……都不”；
(3)either 表示“两个人或物中的任何一个"。可以和or搭配,either...or...表示“或者……或者……;要么……要么.…”;
(4)all意为“全部”,用于三者或三者以上的人或物;
(5)none 是 all 的完全否定形式,意为“没有一个”;
We both have black eyes and black hair, but my hair is shorter than hers.我们两个都有黑眼睛和黑头发,但我的头发比她的短。
Either you or your father must come here today.
你或是你父亲今天必须来这儿。
Neither the father nor the son is interested in the film.
父子俩对这部电影都不感兴趣。
None of us passed the exam.We all failed.
我们当中没有一个通过考试。我们都不及格。
重点语法
情态动词 could 的用法
1.could 是 can 的过去式,表示过去的能力。
-Could you play basketball when you were 5 years old 当你5岁时,你会打篮球吗
-Yes, I could./No, I couldn't.是的,我会。/不,我不会。
2.could 既可以表示过去的可能性,也可以表示现在的可能性,比can 的程度要弱。
-Do you know where Sam is 你知道萨姆在哪儿吗
-He could be in the school library.他可能在学校图书馆。
could 用以婉转地提出请求、想法、建议等。此时 could 不表示过去,仅表示客气或语气的委婉。
(1)句型“Could you (please)+动词原形.. ”意为“请你做……好吗 ”,表示礼貌地请求对方做某事,在语气上比can更委婉。肯定回答常用 Yes,I can./Yes,sure./Certainly./Of course.等;否定回答常用I'm sorry ,I can't./I'm afraid not.等。
-Could you ( please) do the dishes 请你洗碗好吗
--Sorry, I can't. I have to take the piano lesson.对不起,我不能。我必须上钢琴课。
(2)句型“Could I/we+动词原形.… ”意为“我/我们可以……吗 ”,表示请求对方允许自己做某事。肯定回答常用Yes, you can./Yes, sure.等;否定回答常用Sorry./No, you can't.等。
-Could I borrow your pen 我可以借你的钢笔吗
-No, you can't. I'm using it.不,你不能。我正在用它。
例 -Mr.Li，_______we stay out until eleven tonight
-No, you can't.You have a basketball game tomorrow.
A.would B.must C.could D.should
答案C
课后练习
单项选择
1.-Could you please _______the floor
--Sorry,I________. I have to study for the test.
A.to sweep;couldn't B.to sweep;can't
C.sweep;couldn't D.sweep;can't
2.Lisa,we need to clean the kitchen. Could you _________the trash
A.take after B.take off C.take out D.take down
3.Could you please___________ You need to go out and rest your eyes after learning for so long.
A.clean the kitchen B.take out the trash
C.do the dishes D.cook the dinner
4.-Nancy, I'm poor in Chinese.Could you give me some advice
-You can speak it as______as possible.
A.much B.more C.most D.many
5. The passengers from other cities to Hefei will be isolated
(离)________they get off the train.
A.so that B.as soon as C.while D.before
6._________arrive there before evening,we started early.
A.As soon as B.As a result
C.In order to D.According to
7.一My English is so weak. Can you help me, Nina
-Practice more and _______ a good habit of reading.
A.develop B.make C.show D.complete
8.一Most of children _____their parents too much.
-Yes. they'd better learn to look after themselves.
A.depend on B.put on C.get on D.live on
9.There are some books in the box. Could you please _____
A.take it out B.take them out
C.take out it D.take out them
10.一I'll take a vacation. Could you please_______me ________ some information about exciting places to travel
--I think Mount Tai is a good place to travel.
A.offer; to B.provide; with C.offer;for D.provide; for