牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters 培优提能限时练(二)（含答案）

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Researchers have discovered many recent Marsquakes on the Red Planet.Those shakes are likely signs that magma(岩浆) move deep under the Martian surface.
Since touching down on Mars four years ago，NASA’s InSight lander has found more than 1,000 Marsquakes.One of its tools records quake waves.Those waves show information about a quake’s size and location.
Earlier this year，scientists showed that several Marsquakes came from a particular part of Mars.It’s known as Cerberus Fossae.Those quakes were a type pretty familiar to quake experts，states Anna Mittelholz，a planetary scientist at Harvard University.“Their low-frequency waves look much more like what we see for an earthquake，” she says.
Mittelholz was part of a team that has studied many more Marsquakes.These include more than 1,000 high-frequency small quakes.The signals are fairly weak.To find out their origins，her team added the signals together.These quakes，too，seemed to come from the direction of Cerberus Fossae.
Scientists were surprised to find that different types of quakes all came from the same region on Mars.Previous research had suggested Marsquakes might be caused by the slow cooling and shrinking(收缩) of the planet’s surface.That process，which also occurs on the moon，should produce quakes spread equally across the planet.As such，Mitteiholz says，“The expectation was that Marsquakes would come from all over the place.”
Her team also compared the weak waves that InSight measured with those produced on Earth.Marsquakes looked like earthquakes that came from volcanic regions，the researchers found.That means Mars’ shakes are probably produced by magma flowing tens of kilometers below the planet’s surface.
Rather than being a geologically dead planet，as some have suggested，Mars might be surprisingly active，the researchers conclude.There’s still so much more to learn about Mars，says Mitteiholz.“We’re only touching the surface.”
1．Why are the quake waves on Mars familiar to scientists
A．They are like the waves on Earth.
B．They are sent from the same place.
C．They are weak enough to be sensed.
D．They are full of all kinds of information.
2．Why is the moon mentioned in paragraph 5
A．To show quakes on the moon are common.
B．To give an easy explanation of earthquakes.
C．To show the similarity between the moon and Earth.
D．To prove Marsquakes may have little to do with temperatures.
3．What do the scientists conclude about Mars
A．Mars is a secret to them.
B．Mars is a relatively dead planet.
C．Mars might be still volcanically active.
D．Mars has more quakes than Earth.
4．What is the text
A．A short story. B．A science report.
C．A space diary. D．A book review.
B
Over the last two days in December last year，nearly 30 tornadoes caused great damage across six states—from Arkansas in the south to Illinois in the midwest.More than 100 tornado warnings were issued—the most ever for a day.The tornado in Kentucky caused at least 50 people’s deaths，which was described as the worst in this state’s history.
As one of the largest countries in the world，the United States is also one of the most geographically various countries—from deserts to forests to miles of coastline.While this comes with many advantages，it unfortunately leaves the country easily damaged by all kinds of natural disasters.
Different parts of the United States face different types of natural disasters.The west coast is at risk of wildfires，earthquakes，and even volcanic eruptions.The southern part of the country is frequently hit by tornadoes，and the east coast faces the threat of serious hurricanes every year.Midwestern areas near rivers are often flooded by huge floods，and these are the worst floods in American history.
The governments reviewed the weather event in each state’s history that caused the highest number of deaths to determine the worst natural disaster in every state.Thanks to their location and geographic research，some states made preparations ahead of time to avoid mass-casualty(重大伤亡的) weather events.
However，many other parts of the country have been less fortunate，experiencing massive storms and floods.Many such events，like the 1900 hurricane that hit Galveston of Texas，killed so many people that it was impossible to get an exact number of final deaths，especially during that time.
American weather continues to become more changeable.In 2018，there were 14 weather events that caused over $1 billion in damage.And in many parts of the country，these weather events could become even more destructive(毁灭性的) because of global warming.
5．What do we know from the figures in paragraph 1
A．America suffered from serious natural disasters.
B．Tornadoes were the greatest threat to Americans.
C．The tornado in Kentucky was the worst in America.
D．Less and less natural disasters hit America.
6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The worst floods in American history.
B．The earthquakes in the west coast of the US.
C．The hurricanes along the east coast of the US.
D．The natural disasters in different parts of the US.
7．Which of the following can best describe American’s weather in the future
A．Controllable. B．Unchangeable.
C．Worrying. D．Pleasant.
8．What may be the best title for the text
A．A Serious Tornado in Kentucky
B．A Weather Report from the US
C．Tornadoes Causing Great Damage
D．Common Natural Disasters in the US
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A single tremble shook beneath my feet.The trees above me began to sway(摇摆) hard.Then came the deadly 1 that could only mean one thing，destruction.Everything I saw was 2 .My vision blurred(模糊) seeing the remains of my house.The house that used to 3 all the happiness in the world was now 4 a pile of ruined pieces.I 5 all the times I played with my little brother and sister.Images of them were 6 in my mind.I regained a bit of my 7 after lying on the ground for some time.My eyes viewed different things，but I walked on mindlessly，with no 8 to anything around me at all.
Years have passed since the disaster that 9 me years ago.I never thought I would be okay again after this 10 event.
Today I’m going to California to help 11 of a recent earthquake.Then，I see a young girl weeping into her arm.Losing family was 12 ，but because of my life-changing experience，I am strong，and I can 13 the lives of those who are suffering as I was.I gently stuck out my hand for her to hold to.One day，she may 14 others the way I did for her.She holds my hand tightly，and together，we look for a brighter future where we can help those around us and 15 the world starting with one disaster at a time.
1．A.silence B．power
C．emergency D．extinction
2．A.under pressure B．in ruins
C．on hand D．in shock
3．A.promote B．supply
C．contain D．measure
4．A.extremely B．obviously
C．actually D．simply
5．A.adapted to B．thought of
C．concentrated on D．worked out
6．A.designed B．buried
C．carved D．observed
7．A.balance B．memory
C．strength D．impression
8．A.request B．comparison
C．path D．reaction
9．A.struck B．identified
C．threatened D．reminded
10．A.amazing B．frightening
C．exciting D．challenging
11．A.professionals B．volunteers
C．survivors D．experts
12．A.painful B．unusual
C．awkward D．unique
13．A.appreciate B．possess
C．exchange D．improve
14．A.affect B．recognize
C．recommend D．contact
15．A.establish B．change
C．remove D．revise
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·安徽高一期中)
A photo shot at a salt lake in Shanxi Province has made dozens of people 1.__________ (interest)．Wild flamingos mainly live in temperate and tropical zones.Usually，they 2.________ (find) in Africa，North and South America，and the Mediterranean region.No fixed habitat for the birds had been seen in China before 2014.
Zhang Weiping，one artist who takes photos of flamingos in Yuncheng，recalls that in the summer of 2014，he was told that several unrecognizable birds had arrived at the salt lake，and only after reaching the lake did he recognize them as flamingos.However，some of them 3.__________ (be) not in very good condition.
“There were enough Artemia(卤虫)，4. are favored by the flamingos，in the lake，and with the local’s 5. (protect)，the birds gradually recovered，” says Zhang.Now the salt lake has become one of the stopover 6. (site) during the birds’ annual migration(迁徙)．
Photos of the flamingos in the salt lake went popular online,7. (attract) many enthusiastic photographers.
The reasons why the flamingos first landed in Yuncheng are still unknown，but the significant improvement in the ecology of the lake is 8. (undoubted) an important one.
The salt lake has seen human activity since ancient times.After the 1950s,9.__________ development of local chemical factories damaged the environment.
To better protect this salt lake，industrial production activities around the lake were closed,10.________ restoration(修复) work on mountains，forests and lakes was also carried out.The photos help more people learn about the birds and encourage everyone to protect our environment.
Ⅳ.续写小故事(满分15分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago，it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed.The only passengers，a young woman and her two baby daughters，were unhurt.It was the middle of winter.Snow lay thick on the ground.The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away.When it grew dark，she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it，covering them with all the clothes she could find.During the night，it got terribly cold.The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself，but it was too small.Early next morning，she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal.Then she had an idea.
培优提能限时练(二)
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了很多火星地震，并介绍了这些地震发生的原因及位置等。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Their low-frequency waves look much more like what we see for an earthquake，’ she says.”可知，科学家对火星上的地震波很熟悉是因为它们与地球上的地震波很相似。故选A。]
2．D　[推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，本段提到月球是为了证明火星上的地震与温度变化无关。故选D。]
3．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Rather than being a geologically dead planet，as some have suggested，Mars might be surprisingly active，the researchers conclude.”可知，火星可能是个非常活跃的星球。故选C。]
4．B　[文章体裁题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了很多火星地震，并介绍了这些地震发生的原因及位置等，由此可推知，这是一篇科学报道类文章。故选B。]
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国由于地理环境多样化，不同地区常年遭受不同的自然灾害。
5．A　[推理判断题。根据第一段列举的数字可推断，美国遭受了严重的自然灾害，造成了极大的破坏。故选A。]
6．D　[段落大意题。根据第三段的介绍尤其是第一句可知，第三段主要讲述美国不同地区面临的不同类型的自然灾害。故选D。]
7．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，美国的天气会更加多变，可能会更具毁灭性。故推知美国未来的天气是令人担忧的。故选C。]
8．D　[标题归纳题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段以及下文的介绍可知，本文主要讲述美国由于地理环境多样化，不同地区常年遭受不同的自然灾害。故“美国常见的自然灾害”作文章标题最合适。故选D。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者经历了一次灾难性的地震后，人生发生了改变，并以志愿者的身份去帮助像他一样的人。
1．A　[silence寂静，沉默；power力量；emergency突发事件，紧急情况；extinction灭绝。根据前文“A single tremble shook beneath my feet.The trees above me began to sway(摇摆) hard.”可知，作者描述的是地震来临时的感受，而根据后文“destruction”并结合常识可知，该句是讲大地震过后的“安静”，与前文的强烈震动形成对比。故选A。]
2．B　[under pressure在压力之下；in ruins成为废墟，严重受损；on hand现有；in shock休克，震惊。根据后文“My vision blurred(模糊) seeing the remains of my house.”可知，作者看到的一切都成了废墟。故选B。]
3．C　[promote提升，促进；supply提供，供应；contain包含，容纳；measure测量，判断。根据后文“I __________ all the times I played with my little brother and sister.”可知，此处指这所房子承载了以往所有的欢乐时光。故选C。]
4．D　[extremely非常，极其；obviously明显地，显而易见地；actually实际上；simply简单地，仅仅。根据语境可知，这里的副词起到强调作用，强调曾经充满欢乐的房子地震过后就只是一片废墟。故选D。]
5．B　[adapt to适合，适应于；think of想起，考虑；concentrate on专心于；work out解决，算出。根据后文“all the times”可推知，作者想起以往和弟弟妹妹一起玩耍的时光。故选B。]
6．C　[design设计；bury埋葬；carve刻；observe观察，遵循。根据前文“I __________ all the times I played with my little brother and sister.”可知，作者面对废墟时想起以往的欢乐时光，弟弟妹妹的形象深深地刻在我的脑海里。故选C。]
7．C　[balance平衡；memory记忆；strength力气，优势；impression印象。根据后文“after lying on the ground for some time”可知，作者在地上躺了一会儿，恢复了一点力气。故选C。]
8．D　[request要求；comparison比较，对比；path小路，道路；reaction反应，回应。根据前文“I walked on mindlessly”可知，经历过大地震，失去了一切之后，作者此时漫无目的地走着，什么东西都不能引起他的反应。故选D。]
9．A　[strike碰撞，爆发，袭击；identify确认，认出；threaten威胁；remind提醒，使想起。根据前文作者对地震经历的描述及此处语境可知，这里指灾难发生在作者身上，strike符合语境。故选A。]
10．B　[amazing了不起的，令人诧异的；frightening令人害怕的，恐惧的；exciting令人兴奋的；challenging具有挑战性的。与前文对地震经历的描述相呼应，这里指令人恐惧的事件。故选B。]
11．C　[professional专业人员；volunteer志愿者；survivor幸存者；expert专家。根据后文“I gently stuck out my hand for her to hold to.”可知，这个女孩是地震幸存者，因此可推知，作者作为“过来人”去帮助这里的地震幸存者。故选C。]
12．A　[painful疼痛的，痛苦的；unusual不同寻常的；awkward令人尴尬的，棘手的；unique独特的，独一无二的。根据“Losing family”可知，失去家人是痛苦的。故选A。]
13．D　[appreciate欣赏，感激；possess拥有，具有；exchange交换；improve提高，改善。与后文“where we can help those around us”中“help”相呼应，这里指作者希望用自己的力量帮助改善和他拥有相同经历的人的生活。故选D。]
14．A　[affect影响；recognize辨认，识别；recommend推荐，劝告；contact联系，联络。根据后文“the way I did for her”可推知，作者认为这个女孩或许以后也会像作者一样，去帮助和影响其他人。故选A。]
15．B　[establish建立，设立；change改变；remove移开，去除；revise修改，复习。根据前文可知，作者作为一个“过来人”，用志愿者的身份去帮助其他人，这是他在经历灾难后作出的改变世界的行为，作者希望在将来能够同样在灾难发生后，去帮助受难者，改变灾难后的世界。故选B。]
Ⅲ.1.interested　2.are found　3.were　4.which　5．protection　6.sites　7.attracting　8.undoubtedly　9．the　10.and
Ⅳ.　参考范文
Then she had an idea.She stamped out the letters “SOS” in the snow.Fortunately，a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town.It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.