牛津译林版（2019）必修三Unit 2 Natural disasters Welcome to the unit & Reading课时精练一（含答案）

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The day had started out as usual for Mrs Ito until the late afternoon，when the news of the destructive tsunami waves came over the radio.
At last,12：30 a．m.came as the radio warning had said and nothing happened.She could hear passing people say the tsunami waves must have missed the islands and they laughed as they were returning to their homes.Mrs Ito went into her living room and looked down the street.It was calm.
Then，a sudden flash-like lightning lit the sky over Hilo Bay and a deafening explosion broke the night’s silence.The first large wave of the tsunami had burst Hilo’s electric power plant.Suddenly，all the lights in Hilo went out.
Next thing Mrs Ito heard was a rumbling sound.Before she knew it，the wave roared into her house.She was knocked to the floor as her house began to spin(旋转) and finally tore apart.Terrible yelling and crying sounds came from her neighbors’ homes.Desperately，Mrs Ito grasped for anything to stay above water.Suddenly，something heavy fell on her.The floorboards opened up and she became trapped.She used every bit of strength in her body to struggle out of the boards and managed to squeeze free.Then she blacked out.
When she woke up，she found herself being washed back and forth as the water rose.She couldn’t see anyone else and listened for the sound of ocean waves.There were no waves，so she figured she had to be floating over flooded land.Mrs Ito carefully tried to stretch her foot to touch bottom but it was too deep.Not knowing how to swim，she hung on tight to her tiny makeshift(临时的) raft.
At sunrise，she spotted two boats on the horizon.She saw in the distance a radio station tower light.She remained at peace and kept her head down.She thought that death was just a matter of time away.She thought the people on the boats hadn’t seen her.Then the boats came closer and closer.Mrs Ito was seen and saved.
1．Which word can describe people’s reaction to the radio warning according to paragraph 2
A．Shocked. B．Anxious.
C．Disappointed. D．Relaxed.
2．What can be inferred about the tsunami
A．It struck the islands as expected.
B．It destroyed a radio station tower.
C．It attacked Hilo’s electric power plant.
D．It occurred at noon without any warning.
3．What happened to Mrs Ito during the tsunami
A．She got stuck in the flooded land for days.
B．She was rescued by people on the boats luckily.
C．She attempted to float on the ocean with a board.
D．She was hit by a heavy object and lost memories.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Mrs Ito’s story of surviving the tsunami.
B．The recovery of the islands after the tsunami.
C．The damage caused by a destructive tsunami.
D．The effects of the tsunami on local people’s life.
B
It was June 8,1816 and it was early summer in Vermont，US.Yet，a wild winter snow-storm was going on.Nearly a foot of snow covered the fields which had been planted crops only weeks before.This storm would kill all of the crops.At the time，people struggled to understand what had caused the weather to change so wildly.It is only now，more than 200 years later，that scientists have finally solved the mystery.The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.
Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa，a beautiful land with rushing streams，gentle hills，and thick jungles，in Indonesia.Nobody had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano.It had been asleep for centuries，but on April 5,1815，Tambora woke up.
The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and ash.But that was nothing compared with what would come five days later，on April 10.The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas，fire and ash shot high into the sky.The day turned midnight black，but the mountain turned red as rivers of lava(岩浆) flowed down the mountain.
The eruption went on for more than three days，which instantly killed at least 12,000 people living on and around Mount Tambora.Ash and lava ruined the island’s soil and poisoned its rivers and streams.Rice fields were destroyed.No fruits or vegetables would grow.
There were no fish to catch; almost every animal had been killed.The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most powerful volcanic eruption in human history.
5．Why did it snow heavily in Vermont in the summer of 1816
A．Vermont is located in the southern part of the earth.
B．Vermont had serious environmental pollution.
C．A faraway volcano erupted a year earlier.
D．A huge earthquake hit Vermont.
6．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To lead in the topic.
B．To present an argument.
C．To introduce Vermont.
D．To explain the cause of a volcano.
7．When did Mount Tambora start erupting
A．On June 8,1816.
B．On April 13,1816.
C．On April 5,1815.
D．On April 10,1815.
8．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.
B．Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.
C．The eruption of Tambora broke a historic record.
D．The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster.
C
(2023·江苏盐城高一期中)
Seismometer(地震仪) stations sense not only ground shaking due to earthquakes but also signals at the surface of our planet，such as storms and—as the researchers discovered—floods.For this research，scientists turned an earthquake seismometer station near the town of Ahrweiler in Germany into a flood tracking tool.Using seismological information from the time of the event，they can tell people about the disaster in a timely way.
As the town of Ahrweiler took the full force of a flood，scientists found the seismometer exactly showed the track of the flood for one hour.By comparing mathematical models，the researchers were able to estimate(估算) the speed with which the flood moved.In fact，this was the only systematic source of measurable information about how the flood developed because the three present water level stations in the town were out of service early.
As the research shows，this method can provide information that is valuable to track flood for warning and rescue activities.“If the data from that station is available(可用的) and as our research now shows，real time information on the magnitude and speed of the flood will be available as well，”says Dr Michael Dietze at the University of Gottingen.“As 10% of Europe’s surface area is likely to suffer from rapid flooding by rivers，we may want to start thinking about new ways of flood early warning.The present network of water level stations is not enough to be fully prepared for future events，” Dietze adds.
Dietze and his team are working on a plan to discover further areas at risk of flooding and provide them with low-cost “watch tower” seismometer pairs—an effort to cut the losses caused by future floods.Dietze says，“The deadly flood that hit the Ahrweiler in Germany in July 2021 gave a warning to the locals，the government，emergency services and scientists—how much we need to learn to improve the present flood warning systems.”
9．What can be known about Ahrweiler
A．It saw an earthquake.
B．It’s turned into a station.
C．It’s hard hit by a flood.
D．It praised these scientists.
10．What do the researchers expect of the seismometer
A．It’ll provide early warning.
B．It’ll stop rapid flooding.
C．It’ll be a tool for a family.
D．It’ll speed up water supply.
11．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．People will cut the cost of public services.
B．Efforts should be put into flood control.
C．The government must save its spending.
D．The locals have made a plan of action.
12．Where is this text most likely from
A．A health report.
B．A guidebook.
C．A short story.
D．A science magazine.
Ⅱ.七选五
Unlike hurricanes or floods，earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks，although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake.If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake，there’s often only a short time to decide what to do. 1
Drop to the ground.The drop，cover，and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop，drop and roll” for fires.While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake，it is the preferred method of the Red Cross.Big earthquakes occur without much，if any，warning. 2 A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split second；it’s better to be safe than sorry.
Take cover.Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture. 3 If there isn’t a table or desk near you，cover your face and head with your arms and crouch(蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building.
Hold on. 4 Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.If you were unable to find a surface to hide under，continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked(躲藏，隐藏) down low.
5 Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.
A．Stay inside until it’s safe to get out.
B．In that case，move to the nearest safe place.
C．Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.
D．So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.
E．If possible，stay away from windows and anything that could fall.
F．The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling.
G．Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death.
课时精练一
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Ito夫人在一次毁灭性极强的海啸中惊险逃生的故事。
1．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She could hear passing people say the tsunami waves must have missed the islands and they laughed as they were returning to their homes.”可知，人们对广播里的海啸预警显然不以为然，没有感到丝毫的惊慌，仍然悠然自得。故选D。]
2．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The first large wave of the tsunami had burst Hilo’s electric power plant.”可知，海啸来袭，首先摧毁了Hilo的发电厂。故选C。]
3．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She thought the people on the boats hadn’t seen her.Then the boats came closer and closer.Mrs Ito was seen and saved.”可知，落入水中，靠一个临时木筏苦苦支撑的Ito夫人，最终被驾船的人救了上来。故选B。]
4．A　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了Ito夫人在一次毁灭性极强的海啸中死里逃生的故事。故选A。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州的夏季暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉火山喷发了，坦博拉火山的喷发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后“The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.”可知1816年夏天佛蒙特州下大雪的原因是一年前，一座遥远的火山爆发了。故选C。]
6．A　[目的意图题。根据第一段最后两句“The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.”，结合文章后文讲述了坦博拉火山的爆发及造成的伤害可知，第一段的目的是引出话题。故选A。]
7．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It had been asleep for centuries，but on April 5,1815，Tambora woke up.”可知，坦博拉火山开始喷发的时间是1815年4月5日。故选C。]
8．D　[段落大意题。根据文章最后一段“没有鱼可捕，几乎所有的动物都被杀死了。1815年的坦博拉火山爆发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。”可知，该段主要介绍坦博拉火山的爆发导致了一场可怕的灾难。故选D。]
9．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As the town of Ahrweiler took the full force of a flood，scientists found the seismometer exactly showed the track of the flood for one hour.”可知，Ahrweiler遭受了猛烈的洪水侵袭。故选C。]
10．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句及第三段第一句可知，研究人员希望地震仪可以提供预警信息。故选A。]
11．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Dietze说的话可推断，还需把更多精力投入到未来防洪工作中。故选B。]
12．D　[文章出处题。根据第一段内容并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究发现，地震仪可用于洪水监测预警，故文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选D。]
Ⅱ.
1．G　[上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake，there’s often only a short time to decide what to do.”说明身处地震中，决定该做什么的时间很短，G项“研究以下建议可能是生与死的区别”承接上文，并引出下文提出的建议，符合题意。故选G。]
2．D　[本段主旨句“Drop to the ground.”说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地，根据空格上下文可知，大地震发生时不会有太多预警，而小地震在一刹那也可能会变成大地震。D项“所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地”符合本段主旨，与上下文语义一致。故选D。]
3．E　[本段主旨句“Take cover.”说明本段给出的建议是躲起来，上文“Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.”说明躲起来时应注意的事项，E项“如果可能的话，远离窗户和任何可能坠落的物体”继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项，符合题意。故选E。]
4．F　[下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.”说明要待在相对安全的地方，等待震动停止，F项“地面可能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落”解释下文动作的原因，符合题意。故选F。]
5．A　[空格位于段首，为本段主旨句，应概括本段大意。下文说明大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者地方太拥挤并且每个人都想出去时，A项“待在里面，直到出去是安全的”能够概括下文内容，符合题意。故选A。]