2024届高考英语二轮复习专题01长难句解题技巧学案（无答案）

专题01长难句解题技巧
1.题型介绍
高考英语长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。通过打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。
2. 解题技巧
①带有较多成分的简单句:去枝叶，留主干。
Schools across China(介词短语作定语) are expected to hire 50,000 college(定语) graduates this year(时间状语) as short-term teachers（介词短语做状语）, almost three times the number（同位语） hired last year(过去分词短语作定语), to help reduce unemployment pressures(目的状语).
②含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词, 分析从句, 理解句意。
Whereas(引导状语从句表对比) a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that（引导宾语从句） he didn’t know that （引导宾语从句内的宾语从句）his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until （引导时间状语从句）he appeared one night asking if（引导非谓语所带宾语从句） he could sleep on the sofa.
③含有插入语的句子：忽略插入成分, 直奔句子主题。
The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)（插入成分）—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.
④成分省略：把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分。
The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally won’t pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will(省略了will pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at males).
3.常用的跳读法
①跳读插入语
Tristan da Cunha，A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records.
第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿); 第二步理解附加的插入语部分：a 38-square-mile island(该岛面积为38平方英里，而且这是吉尼斯记录之一)，这样该句话的'意思就弄明白了。
②跳读非谓语动词短语
Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语，找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土，人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810(这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的，Tristan da Cunha1810年开始有人居住)。通过这样分解难度，我们读得轻松，理解得准确。
③跳读分隔现象
Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.该段既包括了分隔现象，又包含了定语从句，又有一个同位语，而且该句还是一个倒装句。如果从前到后按照顺序来理解，未免有点繁杂，抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间的内容，同时也要暂时搁置后面的非限制性定语从句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序：Easter Island is coming in a close second(Easter Island is coming in a close second Easter Island是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿);然后再理解分隔符号之间的内容和后面的定语从句等附加成分：Easter Island 常常被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿，它在最临近的岛屿(Pitcairn Island)东面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里。
④跳读定语从句
①The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea.
该句子里有一个限制性定语从句：who were lost at sea。阅读时一定要注意它与people的密切联系：不是别人而是在大海里迷路的人五世纪左右在那里定居。
②They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.
非限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系不是很密切，主要起补充说明作用，它可能出现在主句中间，也可能出现在句尾。如果它出现在句中，阅读时可以跳过去然后再来理解，也可以一起顺便读过去。如果非限制性定语从句出现在句尾，那阅读时很方便，看完主句后附带着看一下就可以了，因为它只是对先行词的补充说明。该句中的for which the island is most famous就是这种情况。看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年，使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。
练习
1. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
2. If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.
3. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan— “a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”.
4. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theory had baffled（难住）and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab Polytechnique.
5. Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.
6. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.
7. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.
8. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
9. In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.
10. The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients.
译文
1.一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻的人；而听见一个男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这种情况是很常见的。
2.如果你让人说出一个对英语影响最大的人，你可能会得到诸如莎士比亚、塞缪尔·约翰逊、韦伯斯特等答案。但是跟一个甚至不说英语的人——征服者威廉——来比较，这些人的影响就不值一提了。
3.图书管理员詹姆士·格林告诉《美国图书馆》杂志：这个偶然的发现结束了一个由费城图书馆公司进行的为期十二天的调查。这个调查是关于一笔历史财富——由Deborah Logan保存了190年的一本120页的日记。Deborah Logan是一个“了解她那个时代每一个人”的女人。
4.这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。
5.随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此重要，以至被纳入现代社会制度之中。
6.例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。
7.年轻人越多接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。
8.到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
9.在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。
10.最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过15年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了。