2024届高考英语二轮复习专题02长难句案例分析一讲义

专题01 长难句案例分析一
难度：★ ★ ★ ★ ☆
长难句1
Of course, there is no doubt that the world wide web has most of the information we need to diagnose our symptoms, but Doctor Tyrer points out, “it doesn’t have any judgment associated with it.” This is why having a consultation with a doctor face-to-face still has its benefits.
词汇突破
diagnose ：诊断（疾病）；判断（问题的原因）
clinic diagnose 临床诊断
symptom：n. [临床] 症状；症候
clinical symptoms 临床症状;临床特征
associate with v. 联合；与…联系在一起；和…来往
consultation n. [临床] 会诊；（向专家请教的）咨询会
Consultation Room 诊察室；咨询室
face-to-face: adj. 面对面的
结构分析
①we need to diagnose our symptoms是省略了that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词information。
②associated with it是过去分词短语作后置定语。
③why having a consultation with a doctor face-to-face是why引导的表语从句，having a consultation with a doctor face-to-face是表语从句的主语部分。
参考译文
当然，毫无疑问，全球信息网拥有我们诊断症状所需的大部分信息，但蒂勒博士指出，“它没有任何与之相关的判断。”这就是为什么面对面的咨询医生仍然有其好处。
长难句2
We find that approximately four out of five of our patients with health anxiety spend literally hours on the Internet. One of the first things we do in treatment is to tell them to stop browsing the Internet.
词汇突破
approximately 大概；大约；（近义词：roughly、about、nearly）
patient ①adj. 耐心的 ②n. 病人
anxiety n.焦虑，不安
literally adv. 简直; 按照字面地，逐字地
treatment n. 治疗，医治
browse v. 在计算机，尤指互联网上）搜寻信息，浏览信息
结构分析
①we find that…，这里的that引导后面的宾语从句。
②we do in treatment是省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词things。
参考译文
我们发现，大约五分之四的健康焦虑症患者实际上在互联网上花费了数小时。我们在治疗中做的第一件事就是告诉他们停止浏览互联网。
长难句3
Loosely defined, “e-Sports” are video game competitions. These can be anything from a local tournament in a video game store to those staged in 25,000-seat arenas, watched live by millions of people around the world. In practical terms, “e-Sports” refers to the competitions engineered by global organizations that culminate in big-money championship tournaments-dollar figures that can exceed $1,000,000 for winners.
词汇突破
loosely adv. 宽松地; 松散地; 不精确地
competition n.竞争，比赛
arena n.竞技场
practical adj. 实际的，真实可行的
culminate v. 达到终点，结束
exceed v. 超过（数量）
结构分析
①engineered by这里是动词过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词competitions。
②that引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词organizations。
③that引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词figures。
参考译文
广义定义的电子竞技是电子游戏竞赛。这些比赛可以是当地电玩商店举办的比赛，也可以是在25000个座位的体育场举行的比赛，由全球数百万人在现场观看。实际上，“电子竞技”指的是由全球组织策划的比赛，这些比赛最终以巨额锦标赛的形式达到高潮，获胜者的奖金可以超过100万美元。
长难句4
Top players move from team to team like free agents, retire and return to competition unexpectedly, and experience unlikely come-from-behind victories and crushing defeats. New challengers consistently emerge on the scene, ready to take down championship teams and generate compelling rivalries.
词汇突破
top player：顶尖选手
come-from-behind：adj.后来居上的
crushing defeat：惨败
on the scene 在现场
take down 取下；拿下
compelling引人入胜的；扣人心弦的
结构分析
①第一句的主语是Top players，谓语动词是move、retire and return。
②第二句的主语是New challengers，谓语动词是emerge、ready to和generate。
参考译文
顶级玩家像自由人一样从一个队转会到另一个队，出人意料地退役并重返赛场，而且经历了不太可能逆转的胜利和惨败。新的挑战者不断登场，随时准备击败冠军战队，这样的赛事赚足了眼球。
长难句5
Senator Kamala Harris was half right when she said we need to address climate change based on “science fact, not science fiction.”
词汇突破
senator n. 参议员
senate n. 参议院，上院
senatorial adj. 参议院的；参议员的
address climate change 应对气候变化
based on 以......为基础
science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等）
结构分析
①when引导时间状语从句。
②based on “science fact，not science fiction”是过去分词短语作状语。
参考译文
参议员卡玛拉·哈里斯说的有一半是对的，她说我们需要基于“科学事实，而不是科幻小说”来解决气候变化问题。
长难句6
And it is not just small businesses that might be spotting a chance to save a little money by turning the lights off one day a week. One of the biggest organizations to make the switch is Perpetual Guarding, whose shift has generated huge global interest, with 400 organizations from around the world asking it for advice.
词汇突破
spot v. 看见，注意到，发现
organization n. 组织，团体，机构
generate v. 生成，引起
global adj. 全球的，全世界的
advice n. 建议，意见
结构分析
①by turning the lights off one day a week这里是by引起的后置状语，意思是“通过...的方式”
②one of the biggest organizations，注意，one of指的是“...其中之一”，所以后面必须接可数名词复数
③whose这里是引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 Perpetual Guarding（某机构/公司）
参考译文
并不是只有小企业才有机会通过每周关灯一天来节省一点钱。新西兰信托公司Perpetual Guarding是做出这一转变的最大机构之一，它的转变引起了全球的巨大兴趣，来自世界各地的400家机构向它征求意见。
长难句7
We live in a post-truth era in which facts and fiction are blurring into an indistinguishable mass and power belongs to whoever can tell the best story, true or not. What matters is just how something makes us feel-- which is why we need better stories, that, in the words of author Neil Gaiman, “lie in order to tell the truth”.
词汇突破
post-truth era后真相时代
后真相（post-truth），网络流行语， post表示的是“超越”，也就是“真相”不再那么重要。2016年11月22日，牛津字典宣布，“后真相”是其年度词，“后真相”并不强调信息准确与否的重要性，而是强调舆论分裂和极化的根本原因是人们倾向于选择那些他们更愿意接受的信息，并将其当做“真相”。可见，问题的关键症结不在于传播过程之中，而在于传播过程开始之前的情绪和立场。
blur v.（使）变得模糊不清
indistinguishable adj. 无法分辨的；无法区分的
matter：v.事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响
It doesn’t matter to me what you do. 你做什么我无所谓。
② As long as you’re happy, that’s all that matters. 只要你快乐，这就是最重要的事情。
结构分析
①whoever can tell the best story句作belong to的宾语。
②how something makes us feel是how引导的表语从句。
③in the words of author Neil Gaiman这部分是插入语，不影响句子结构。
参考译文
我们生活在一个后真相时代，在这个时代，事实和虚构正在模糊成难以分辨的混乱，权力属于任何能讲出最好故事的人，无论真实与否。重要的是事物给我们的感觉如何—这就是为什么我们需要更好的故事，用作家尼尔·盖曼的话来说，“说谎是为了说实话”。
长难句8
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of various unethical acts over the past decade. They’ve wasted tons of food. They’ve underpaid their suppliers and they’ve contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.
词汇突破
chain：连锁商店
a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain 连锁超市
come under fire 受到批评
accusation：控告；起诉；告发；谴责
accusations of corruption/racism 对贪污腐化/种族主义的控告
underpaid: v. 给……报酬过低，少付……工资（underpay 的过去式和过去分词）
Nurses complain of being overworked and underpaid. 护士抱怨工作劳累过度而报酬过低。
have impact on 对.....造成影响
结构分析
①over the past decade是时间状语。
②用三个they have done举例说明大型连锁超市的不道德行为。
③which has had its impact on our environment，which这里是引导非限制性定语从句。
参考译文
在过去的十年里，许多大型连锁超市因各种不道德的行为而受到指责。他们浪费了大量的食物，向供应商支付过低的工资，他们在包装中制造了过多的塑料垃圾，这对我们的环境造成了影响。
长难句9
Luckily today, technology has come to our rescue. There are thousands of apps available on our smartphones that can offer first aid advice and allow us to self-diagnose our sickness---ranging from a simple cold or flu to some exotic disease. And together with the Internet, we have an ocean of medical information at our fingertips.
词汇突破
come to our rescue 拯救我们
available adj. 可获得的; 可购得的
first-aid advice 急救建议
self-diagnose 自我诊断
exotic adj. 外来的，异域的
an ocean of 海量的
结构分析
①that can offer first aid advice and allow us to self-diagnose our sickness，that这里引导定语从句，后面引出的句子用来修饰前面的先行词apps。
②And together with the Internet，此处是伴随状语。
参考译文
幸运的是，今天，技术已经来拯救我们。我们的智能手机上有成千上万的应用程 序可以提供急救建议，让我们能够自我诊断自己的疾病——从简单的感冒或流感到一些外来疾病。再加上互联网，我们的指尖就拥有了海量的医疗信息。
长难句10
This means a couple of things, both of them appealing to advertisers looking to reach this young and profitable market - the audience will grow as more youngsters are introduced, and as they get older，their purchasing power increases.
词汇突破
a couple of 两人，两件事物
appeal to呼吁；吸引；诉诸
profitable / pr f t bl/有利润的；赢利的
purchasing power购买力
结构分析
①advertisers looking to reach this young，现在分词作后置定语，修饰advertisers。
②as more youngsters are introduced，as引导原因状语从句。
③and as they get older，as引导时间状语从句。
参考译文
这意味着两件事，二者都对希望进入这个年轻且有利可图的市场的广告商有吸引力--随着更多的年轻人被吸引进来，观众量将会增长，而随着年轻人年龄的增长，他们的购买力也会增强。
长难句11
Information and Communications Technology (ICT), through its evolution, has generally been perceived as beneficial, furthering progress and the common good. But ICT has not had the foresight to see how the evolving industry can produce unintended consequences. It’s time for ICT to step up.
词汇突破
evolution n. 进化，演变
perceive v. 感知，认为，察觉到
beneficial adj. 有益的
foresight n. 远见
unintended adj. 意外的，非计划的
step up 增加，提高
结构分析
①through its evolution 是插入语，不影响句子的主谓宾结构。
②how the evolving industry can produce unintended consequences是紧跟在see后面的宾语从句。
③It’s time for ... to do...，对于...来说，该去做某事。
参考译文
通过演变，信息和通信技术(ICT)被广泛认为是有益的，它促进了进步和共同利益。但是，ICT还没有预见到不断发展的产业会如何产生意想不到的后果。现在到了ICT提升的时候了。