2024届高考英语二轮复习专题03长难句案例分析二讲义
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习专题03长难句案例分析二讲义 |  | |
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专题01 长难句案例分析二
难度：★ ★ ★ ☆ ☆
长难句1
When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. （2021年全国甲卷）
词汇突破
1. contribution n.贡献
2. genius n.天才、天赋
3. unacknowledged adj.不被承认的、未公开的
4. reject v.拒绝，排斥，驳回
结构分析
①When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club是when引导的时间状语，outside the club是介词短语，作genius的后置定语，来修饰genius。
②women, or people of a different color or belief是geniuses的同位语，做插入语，是对genius的解释说明，of a different color or belief是介词短语，做people的后置定语，来修饰people，color和belief是并列成分。
参考译文
当俱乐部以外的天才、女性或其他肤色或信仰不同的人做出贡献时，他们不会得到别人的承认和拒绝。
长难句2
Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are really, really smart. （2021年全国甲卷）
词汇突破
1. belief n.信仰，相信
2. avoid v.避免
结构分析
①that girls act on that belief是that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语。
②Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are really, really smart.是对belief的解释说明，是belief的同位语。
③said to be for children是非谓语动词做activities的后置定语，来修饰activities。
④children who are really, really smart.是who引导的定语从句，who在从句中做主语，代指children。
参考译文
更糟糕的是，研究发现，女孩们的行为也遵循这种信念：在6岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是非常非常聪明的孩子才会做的活动。
长难句3
It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. （2020年全国I卷）
参考译文
不过，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学副教授贾克琳·诺伯格说，正是这种奇怪的形式才让竞走成为了一项如此诱人的活动。
结构分析
本句是一个强调句，被强调部分是 this strange form。
词汇突破
race walking竞走
assistant professor副教授
长难句4
According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. （2020年全国I卷）
参考译文
整句可以翻译为三个句子：①根据大多数的计算结果，以时速6英里的速度竞走的运动员，每小时会消耗大约800卡路里。②这一数据虽然比跑步消耗的卡路里少，但却大约是他们步行时所消耗的卡路里的两倍。③跑步每小时消耗大约1000卡路里或者更多。
结构分析
本句较长，含有两个非限制性定语从句。主句为race walkers would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour，moving at a pace of six miles per hour为后置定语，修饰主语race walker，意为“以时速6英里行走的（竞走运动员）”。第一个非限制性定语从句which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running，对主句中的“about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour”进行解释说明，即“这一数据虽然比跑步消耗的卡路里少，但却大约是他们步行时所消耗的卡路里的两倍”。第二个非限制性定语从句which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.其实附属于第一个非限制性定语从句，对前面的running进行解释说明。整个句子可以分成三部分理解，即①主句、②第一个非限制性定语从句、③第二个非限制性定语从句。
词汇突破
calculation 计算
approximately 大约
calory 卡路里
长难句5
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. （2020年全国I卷）
参考译文
尽管很可能竞走对身体的损伤更少，但是研究表明，在对健康的好处方面，竞走和跑步是一样的。
结构分析
本句中while意为“尽管、虽然”，most likely意为“很有可能”， contributing to fewer injuries意为“造成更少伤害”。share…with意为“分享、共有”，此处表示竞走和跑步共有很多健康好处，也就是说，在健康好处方面，竞走和跑步是一样的。
词汇突破
likely 可能
contribute to 导致
injury 伤害
长难句6
But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. （2020年全国I卷）
参考译文
但是这项运动的规则要求：竞走运动员的膝盖要在几乎整个摆腿的过程中保持绷直，并且全程要有一只脚和地面保持接触。
结构分析
本句中谓语动词是require，意为要求，后面跟宾语从句，从句要求动词使用（should）+do（动词原形）。
and连接两个并列的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句“that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing”，意为“竞走运动员的膝盖要在几乎整个摆腿的过程中保持绷直”，其中“swing”是名词，这里指腿的摆动。第二个宾语从句为“one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times”，意为“全程要有一只脚和地面保持接触”。
词汇突破
knee膝盖
straight 笔直的
in contact with接触到
长难句7
Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion----- they are central to its movement. （2019年全国卷3）
参考译文
中国模特是美与时尚运动的代言人，时尚运动向全世界的女性推销梦想，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者-----他们是这场运动的核心。
结构分析
1.定语从句1：
fashion campaigns (that sell dreams to women all over the world)
向全世界的女性推销梦想的时尚运动
2.定语从句2：
which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion
这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者
3.同位语：
they are central to its movement.他们是这场运动的核心
词汇突破
1. campaign运动
2. consumer消费者
长难句8
They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. （2019年全国卷1）
参考译文
他们在(学生)地位中上升。方式不是通过待人友善而是通过吸烟、违反规则和嘲弄别人，不久我也成了其中的受害人。
结构分析
1.介词短语作状语：in the ranks。
2. “介词+动名词”作状语。
not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others
不是通过待人友善而是通过吸烟、违反规则和嘲弄别人
3.非限制性定语从句作状语：
among whom I soon found myself
很快在这些人中间我发现我自己
词汇突破
1. rank 地位，排名
2. cigarette香烟
长难句9
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（2018全国高考I卷）
参考译文
早安英国的 Susanna Reid 习惯于每天早上在沙发上盘问客人，但她最近扮演的角色却在酝酿一场风暴：向家人展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备美味而富有营养的美餐。
结构分析
1. but前后的句子为两个并列分句。
2. how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget是“特殊疑问词how+动词不定式”作宾语。
词汇突破
be used to doing习惯于做某事
grill烧烤，拷问，盘问
cooking up a storm 制造风暴，酝酿一场风暴
nutritious meals富有营养的美餐
on a tight budget在预算紧张情况下
长难句10
He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visit. “I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts.” （2018全国卷III）
参考译文
他带着礼物来到医院，送给了新妈妈林赛和她的男婴。林赛的丈夫对此感到非常惊讶。“我认为我们不会随意地邀请他过来，但是我们很感激他的礼物。”
结构分析
1. bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy为现在分词作状语。
2. Lindsey’s husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visit.其中的by the unexpected visit为状语。
3. I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts.为直接引语部分。but 前后内容为转折关系。其中I don’t think为主句，we would have randomly invited him over是宾语从句，同时该宾语从句中发生了否定转移。
词汇突破
bear 熊，忍受，生（孩子），结（果实），带有
totally完全，整个地，全部地
astonish使惊讶，使大为吃惊
unexpected意外的，想不到的
randomly随便地，未加计划地
appreciate欣赏，感激，鉴别
长难句11
Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied by the touching words: “What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the attention of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days. （2018全国卷III）
参考译文
特蕾莎在一个社交网站上发布了一张偶遇照片，用感人的话说：“这个年轻人对我们的家庭是多么的幸运啊！他这么做真是太贴心了。“这篇文章从那时起就引起了世界各地社交媒体用户的注意。 在短短三天内，就拥有超过18.4万分享和6.15万点赞。
结构分析
1. accompanied by the touching words为过去分词短语作后置定语。
2. What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.为直接引语部分。
3. receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days为结果状语。
词汇突破
chance meeting邂逅，偶尔相遇
social networking社会交往
accompanied by附有
blessing祝福，好事， 福分
social media社交媒体
all over the world全世界，五洲四海
more than超过，不只是，很
长难句12
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “wrong number!” and move on. But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something special. （2018全国卷III）
参考译文
当我们大多数人在手机上收到陌生人的短信时，我们通常会说“对不起，发错人了！”，然后不予理睬。但是当丹尼斯·威廉姆斯收到一条显然不是发给他的短信时，他做了一些特别的事情。
结构分析
1. When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person为时间状语从句，we usually say “wrong number!” and move on为主句，and前后为并列关系。
2. but前后为转折关系。
3. when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him为时间状语从句，其中 that clearly wasn’t intended for him是定语从句，修饰先行词text；he did something special为主句。
词汇突破
text message短信
cell phone手机
wrong number打电话拨错号码
move on离开，继续前进
intended意指（intend的过去式和过去分词）
长难句13
He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seen him. So imagine my delight when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. （2018全国卷II）
参考译文
在三岁的时候他和妈妈搬到了英国。自从我上次见到他以来，已经十三年了。当他给我发电子邮件说他想来看我的时候，你可以想象一下我是多么的快乐。
结构分析
1.He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three是主从复合句，when he was three 是时间状语从句；and前后的部分为并列句。
2. So imagine my delight when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.与上一句构成因果关系，它整体为复合句；when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me为时间状语从句，同时套有宾语从句 he wanted to come to visit me，imagine my delight 为主句。
词汇突破
delight快乐，高兴
saying谚语，格言
长难句14
I was thrilled！I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. The bay was bathed in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. （2018全国卷II）
参考译文
我很激动！我很早就到了我们应该见面的拜伦湾。海湾沐浴在阳光下，离岸150米左右有一排皮划艇。
结构分析
1. I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. 整体为复合句。I arrived early at Byron Bay为主句，where we were supposed to meet为定语从句。
2. The bay was bathed in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.为并列句。The bay was bathed in sunshine为分句1，there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore为分句2。
词汇突破
thrilled非常兴奋的; 极为激动的
suppose 假定，期望，be supposed to被期望应该做某事
bay湾，海湾
bathe给…洗澡，游泳
长难句15
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. （2017新课标I）
参考译文
然而，虽然有这些庆祝活动，但是在美国，爵士乐的听众持续减少，且听众越来越老龄化。爵士乐已经与年轻一代脱节。
结构分析
1. though (用于主句后，引出补充说明，使语气变弱)不过，可是，然而
2. and前后的内容是并列的，讲述的是爵士乐的衰退。
词汇突破
despite prep.即使，尽管，不管
audience n.观众，听众，读者
shrink v.收缩，减少
长难句16
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. （2017新课标II）
参考译文
一些植物发出味道难闻的气味以此来驱赶昆虫。但是一些植物做双重工作。它们发出特定的香味以此来吸引别的昆虫，这些昆虫是正在袭击它们的昆虫的天敌。一旦这些昆虫被吸引过来，那情况就反转了。正在吃午餐的昆虫变成了它们天敌的盘中餐。
结构分析
1. who are natural enemies to the attacker为定语从句，修饰insects。
2. once引导条件状语从句。
3. who was lunching为定语从句，修饰attacker。
词汇突破
pump out发出
perfume n.香味，香水
lunch v. 用午餐 n.午餐
长难句17
But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.
参考译文
但是我们也都要承认，随着我们变老，我们的反应会变慢，这就导致人们回避具有潜在挑战性的驾驶状况，并对他们的驾驶技能失去信心。
结构分析
1. that后面整体为宾语从句。
2. as we get older为时间状语从句，对应的主句为our reactions slow down。
3. and 连接的people avoiding…和losing confidence in …是并列的代名词复合结构。
词汇突破
1. reaction n. 反应
2. potentially adv. 潜在地
3. challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
长难句18
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. （2017年北京高考）
参考译文
好莱坞的这个理论-具有邪恶思想的机器人将驾驭大批杀手机器人-是很幼稚的。真正可能出现的情况是: 人工智能可能会极其擅长做某事，而这件事并不是我们真正想要的。
结构分析
1. that后面的machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly为同位语从句，解释名词theory的内容。
2. that 后面的artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want为同位语从句，解释名词possibility的内容。
3. other than 后面的what we really want为宾语从句。
词汇突破
evil adj.邪恶的
possibility n.可能性
artificial intelligence人工智能
难度：★ ★ ★ ☆ ☆
长难句1
When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. （2021年全国甲卷）
词汇突破
1. contribution n.贡献
2. genius n.天才、天赋
3. unacknowledged adj.不被承认的、未公开的
4. reject v.拒绝，排斥，驳回
结构分析
①When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club是when引导的时间状语，outside the club是介词短语，作genius的后置定语，来修饰genius。
②women, or people of a different color or belief是geniuses的同位语，做插入语，是对genius的解释说明，of a different color or belief是介词短语，做people的后置定语，来修饰people，color和belief是并列成分。
参考译文
当俱乐部以外的天才、女性或其他肤色或信仰不同的人做出贡献时，他们不会得到别人的承认和拒绝。
长难句2
Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are really, really smart. （2021年全国甲卷）
词汇突破
1. belief n.信仰，相信
2. avoid v.避免
结构分析
①that girls act on that belief是that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语。
②Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are really, really smart.是对belief的解释说明，是belief的同位语。
③said to be for children是非谓语动词做activities的后置定语，来修饰activities。
④children who are really, really smart.是who引导的定语从句，who在从句中做主语，代指children。
参考译文
更糟糕的是，研究发现，女孩们的行为也遵循这种信念：在6岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是非常非常聪明的孩子才会做的活动。
长难句3
It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. （2020年全国I卷）
参考译文
不过，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学副教授贾克琳·诺伯格说，正是这种奇怪的形式才让竞走成为了一项如此诱人的活动。
结构分析
本句是一个强调句，被强调部分是 this strange form。
词汇突破
race walking竞走
assistant professor副教授
长难句4
According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. （2020年全国I卷）
参考译文
整句可以翻译为三个句子：①根据大多数的计算结果，以时速6英里的速度竞走的运动员，每小时会消耗大约800卡路里。②这一数据虽然比跑步消耗的卡路里少，但却大约是他们步行时所消耗的卡路里的两倍。③跑步每小时消耗大约1000卡路里或者更多。
结构分析
本句较长，含有两个非限制性定语从句。主句为race walkers would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour，moving at a pace of six miles per hour为后置定语，修饰主语race walker，意为“以时速6英里行走的（竞走运动员）”。第一个非限制性定语从句which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running，对主句中的“about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour”进行解释说明，即“这一数据虽然比跑步消耗的卡路里少，但却大约是他们步行时所消耗的卡路里的两倍”。第二个非限制性定语从句which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.其实附属于第一个非限制性定语从句，对前面的running进行解释说明。整个句子可以分成三部分理解，即①主句、②第一个非限制性定语从句、③第二个非限制性定语从句。
词汇突破
calculation 计算
approximately 大约
calory 卡路里
长难句5
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. （2020年全国I卷）
参考译文
尽管很可能竞走对身体的损伤更少，但是研究表明，在对健康的好处方面，竞走和跑步是一样的。
结构分析
本句中while意为“尽管、虽然”，most likely意为“很有可能”， contributing to fewer injuries意为“造成更少伤害”。share…with意为“分享、共有”，此处表示竞走和跑步共有很多健康好处，也就是说，在健康好处方面，竞走和跑步是一样的。
词汇突破
likely 可能
contribute to 导致
injury 伤害
长难句6
But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. （2020年全国I卷）
参考译文
但是这项运动的规则要求：竞走运动员的膝盖要在几乎整个摆腿的过程中保持绷直，并且全程要有一只脚和地面保持接触。
结构分析
本句中谓语动词是require，意为要求，后面跟宾语从句，从句要求动词使用（should）+do（动词原形）。
and连接两个并列的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句“that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing”，意为“竞走运动员的膝盖要在几乎整个摆腿的过程中保持绷直”，其中“swing”是名词，这里指腿的摆动。第二个宾语从句为“one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times”，意为“全程要有一只脚和地面保持接触”。
词汇突破
knee膝盖
straight 笔直的
in contact with接触到
长难句7
Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion----- they are central to its movement. （2019年全国卷3）
参考译文
中国模特是美与时尚运动的代言人，时尚运动向全世界的女性推销梦想，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者-----他们是这场运动的核心。
结构分析
1.定语从句1：
fashion campaigns (that sell dreams to women all over the world)
向全世界的女性推销梦想的时尚运动
2.定语从句2：
which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion
这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者
3.同位语：
they are central to its movement.他们是这场运动的核心
词汇突破
1. campaign运动
2. consumer消费者
长难句8
They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. （2019年全国卷1）
参考译文
他们在(学生)地位中上升。方式不是通过待人友善而是通过吸烟、违反规则和嘲弄别人，不久我也成了其中的受害人。
结构分析
1.介词短语作状语：in the ranks。
2. “介词+动名词”作状语。
not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others
不是通过待人友善而是通过吸烟、违反规则和嘲弄别人
3.非限制性定语从句作状语：
among whom I soon found myself
很快在这些人中间我发现我自己
词汇突破
1. rank 地位，排名
2. cigarette香烟
长难句9
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.（2018全国高考I卷）
参考译文
早安英国的 Susanna Reid 习惯于每天早上在沙发上盘问客人，但她最近扮演的角色却在酝酿一场风暴：向家人展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备美味而富有营养的美餐。
结构分析
1. but前后的句子为两个并列分句。
2. how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget是“特殊疑问词how+动词不定式”作宾语。
词汇突破
be used to doing习惯于做某事
grill烧烤，拷问，盘问
cooking up a storm 制造风暴，酝酿一场风暴
nutritious meals富有营养的美餐
on a tight budget在预算紧张情况下
长难句10
He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visit. “I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts.” （2018全国卷III）
参考译文
他带着礼物来到医院，送给了新妈妈林赛和她的男婴。林赛的丈夫对此感到非常惊讶。“我认为我们不会随意地邀请他过来，但是我们很感激他的礼物。”
结构分析
1. bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy为现在分词作状语。
2. Lindsey’s husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visit.其中的by the unexpected visit为状语。
3. I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts.为直接引语部分。but 前后内容为转折关系。其中I don’t think为主句，we would have randomly invited him over是宾语从句，同时该宾语从句中发生了否定转移。
词汇突破
bear 熊，忍受，生（孩子），结（果实），带有
totally完全，整个地，全部地
astonish使惊讶，使大为吃惊
unexpected意外的，想不到的
randomly随便地，未加计划地
appreciate欣赏，感激，鉴别
长难句11
Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied by the touching words: “What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the attention of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days. （2018全国卷III）
参考译文
特蕾莎在一个社交网站上发布了一张偶遇照片，用感人的话说：“这个年轻人对我们的家庭是多么的幸运啊！他这么做真是太贴心了。“这篇文章从那时起就引起了世界各地社交媒体用户的注意。 在短短三天内，就拥有超过18.4万分享和6.15万点赞。
结构分析
1. accompanied by the touching words为过去分词短语作后置定语。
2. What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.为直接引语部分。
3. receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days为结果状语。
词汇突破
chance meeting邂逅，偶尔相遇
social networking社会交往
accompanied by附有
blessing祝福，好事， 福分
social media社交媒体
all over the world全世界，五洲四海
more than超过，不只是，很
长难句12
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “wrong number!” and move on. But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something special. （2018全国卷III）
参考译文
当我们大多数人在手机上收到陌生人的短信时，我们通常会说“对不起，发错人了！”，然后不予理睬。但是当丹尼斯·威廉姆斯收到一条显然不是发给他的短信时，他做了一些特别的事情。
结构分析
1. When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person为时间状语从句，we usually say “wrong number!” and move on为主句，and前后为并列关系。
2. but前后为转折关系。
3. when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him为时间状语从句，其中 that clearly wasn’t intended for him是定语从句，修饰先行词text；he did something special为主句。
词汇突破
text message短信
cell phone手机
wrong number打电话拨错号码
move on离开，继续前进
intended意指（intend的过去式和过去分词）
长难句13
He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d last seen him. So imagine my delight when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. （2018全国卷II）
参考译文
在三岁的时候他和妈妈搬到了英国。自从我上次见到他以来，已经十三年了。当他给我发电子邮件说他想来看我的时候，你可以想象一下我是多么的快乐。
结构分析
1.He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three是主从复合句，when he was three 是时间状语从句；and前后的部分为并列句。
2. So imagine my delight when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.与上一句构成因果关系，它整体为复合句；when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me为时间状语从句，同时套有宾语从句 he wanted to come to visit me，imagine my delight 为主句。
词汇突破
delight快乐，高兴
saying谚语，格言
长难句14
I was thrilled！I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. The bay was bathed in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. （2018全国卷II）
参考译文
我很激动！我很早就到了我们应该见面的拜伦湾。海湾沐浴在阳光下，离岸150米左右有一排皮划艇。
结构分析
1. I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet. 整体为复合句。I arrived early at Byron Bay为主句，where we were supposed to meet为定语从句。
2. The bay was bathed in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.为并列句。The bay was bathed in sunshine为分句1，there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore为分句2。
词汇突破
thrilled非常兴奋的; 极为激动的
suppose 假定，期望，be supposed to被期望应该做某事
bay湾，海湾
bathe给…洗澡，游泳
长难句15
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. （2017新课标I）
参考译文
然而，虽然有这些庆祝活动，但是在美国，爵士乐的听众持续减少，且听众越来越老龄化。爵士乐已经与年轻一代脱节。
结构分析
1. though (用于主句后，引出补充说明，使语气变弱)不过，可是，然而
2. and前后的内容是并列的，讲述的是爵士乐的衰退。
词汇突破
despite prep.即使，尽管，不管
audience n.观众，听众，读者
shrink v.收缩，减少
长难句16
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. （2017新课标II）
参考译文
一些植物发出味道难闻的气味以此来驱赶昆虫。但是一些植物做双重工作。它们发出特定的香味以此来吸引别的昆虫，这些昆虫是正在袭击它们的昆虫的天敌。一旦这些昆虫被吸引过来，那情况就反转了。正在吃午餐的昆虫变成了它们天敌的盘中餐。
结构分析
1. who are natural enemies to the attacker为定语从句，修饰insects。
2. once引导条件状语从句。
3. who was lunching为定语从句，修饰attacker。
词汇突破
pump out发出
perfume n.香味，香水
lunch v. 用午餐 n.午餐
长难句17
But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.
参考译文
但是我们也都要承认，随着我们变老，我们的反应会变慢，这就导致人们回避具有潜在挑战性的驾驶状况，并对他们的驾驶技能失去信心。
结构分析
1. that后面整体为宾语从句。
2. as we get older为时间状语从句，对应的主句为our reactions slow down。
3. and 连接的people avoiding…和losing confidence in …是并列的代名词复合结构。
词汇突破
1. reaction n. 反应
2. potentially adv. 潜在地
3. challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
长难句18
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. （2017年北京高考）
参考译文
好莱坞的这个理论-具有邪恶思想的机器人将驾驭大批杀手机器人-是很幼稚的。真正可能出现的情况是: 人工智能可能会极其擅长做某事，而这件事并不是我们真正想要的。
结构分析
1. that后面的machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly为同位语从句，解释名词theory的内容。
2. that 后面的artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want为同位语从句，解释名词possibility的内容。
3. other than 后面的what we really want为宾语从句。
词汇突破
evil adj.邪恶的
possibility n.可能性
artificial intelligence人工智能