牛津译林版（2019）必修三Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Extended reading课时精练四（含答案）

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
British scientists are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea as part of their research on robots.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland.The area is known for its unusual sea life.Scientists attempt to figure out why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries.It collects data for the National Oceanography(海洋学) Centre in Southampton，England，and the World Wildlife Fund.The vehicle can stay floating on water for up to 30 days.Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle.He says it has equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton(浮游动物) and fish.He adds that other sensing equipment measures water currents and other features of sea life.The vehicle also creates a 2-D map of the sea.
Another robotic vehicle that can stay floating on water for months sends information about the areas of an ocean that have a lot of plant and animal life activities.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the creatures of the Celtic Sea.She says productive ocean areas，like the Celtic Sea，attract small organisms，which then attract fish.She adds that areas with a large increase in fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories.Scientists can spend more time studying the collected information.They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
1．Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
A．To learn why it is rich in sea life.
B．To study its currents and geography.
C．To test their self-directed water vehicles.
D．To know what kinds of creatures live in it.
2．What do we know about the two water vehicles
A．They are controlled by humans in real time.
B．They work depending on the map of the sea.
C．They can directly send data back to scientists.
D．They can keep floating on water for a long time.
3．What can be inferred about the sea mammals and birds according to Lavinia Suberg
A．They are afraid of living alone.
B．They are especially interested in fish.
C．They mainly feed on small organisms.
D．They like to live in warm ocean areas.
4．What can be the test title for the text
A．Life in the Celtic Sea
B．Puzzles in Ocean Creatures
C．Water Robots Exploring the Celtic Sea
D．Water Vehicles Being Developed in Britain
B
It is nearly dawn，and the yellow moon has just set behind coconut trees.Spots of pink appear in the sky and a glorious red ball of fire slowly rises.Birds have begun to gather in their hundreds in the Changaram wetland in Kerala’s Alappuzha district.George，with binoculars glued to his eyes，is busy recognizing the birds：“Little egrets，garganeys...” he pauses.“But what are those three there？Ah，spot-billed ducks，” he says when he spots the typical band of brilliant jade-green on the wings.
His binoculars are off his eyes now，but his fingers are flying over his phone screen，typing the names of the species he has sighted on eBird，an app where birdwatchers upload real-time information on species.As a citizen scientist，he has been on eBird for three years and takes pride in being the country’s “eighth best eBirder” based on the number of his checklists.
eBird is just now drawing in ordinary people into the process of ecological(生态学的) science and conservation.Citizen scientists can ask questions，volunteer to collect data，and analyse them.For researchers，citizen scientists are a boon：with their large numbers，they can contribute extensive data over vast geographical areas，something trained scientists could not dream of gathering either individually or in teams.
While it may appear to be a new concept，the public has always participated in ecological science，said a team of American scientists in a 2012 study.Chinese citizens and officials，for instance，tracked locust(蝗虫) attacks for at least 3,500 years although they did not know their observations would later be used for science.
Today，thanks to smartphones，the Internet and the endless possibilities of apps，citizen science has truly come of age around the world，helping create a vast and valuable collection of data.
5．Why does George visit the Changaram wetland
A．To enjoy the sunrise.
B．To collect bird data.
C．To protect the wetland.
D．To observe bird habitats.
6．What can we learn about eBird
A．It is aimed at training citizens into scientists.
B．It is placed eighth among the country’s apps.
C．It selects species information for birdwatchers.
D．It promotes the development of citizen science.
7．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Benefit. B．Challenge.
C．Target. D．Threat.
8．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Locust research started 3,500 years ago in China.
B．The public seldom played a role in scientific research.
C．Ordinary citizens have long been in ecological science.
D．The records of locust attacks failed to be used for science.
C
The French writer Annie Ernaux was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature.The 83-year-old writer is the 16th French writer and the first French woman to receive the literature prize.In congratulating her，the president of France，Emmanuel Macron said that she was the voice of the freedom of women.
Ernaux was born in Lillebonne in 1940 and grew up in nearby Yvetot，where her parents ran a café and grocery in a working-class part of town.She studied at universities，qualified as a school teacher，and earned a higher degree in modern literature in 1971.In the early 1970s，Ernaux taught at a college，before joining the National Centre Distance Education，where she was employed for 23 years.
Ernaux started her literary career in 1974 with Cleaned Out，an autobiographical novel.In 1984 she won the Renaudot Prize for another of her works A Man’s Place，an autobiographical narrative focusing on her relationship with her father and her experiences growing up in a small town in France.A Woman’s Story was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize.Ernaux’s 2008 historical memoir The Years was well-received by French critics.It is the story of a woman and of the society she lived in.The Years won the 2009 Telégramme Readers Prize and the 2016 Strega European Prize.Translated by Alison L．Strayer，The Years was nominated for the International Booker Prize in 2019.Her popularity increased sharply after The Years was shortlisted for the International Booker.
“Her path to authorship was long and difficult，and the story is serious but the language is plain，” Anders Olsson of the Swedish Academy said on Thursday as he announced her award.“And when she with great courage and sharpness shows the physical or mental pain of the experience of class，combining historic and individual experiences to see who you are，she has achieved something admirable and lasting，” Anders Olsson added.
9．What does Macron think of Annie Ernaux
A．She has a bad memory of her childhood.
B．She is concerned about women’s freedom.
C．She is the most outstanding woman writer.
D．She is the 82nd French writer ever awarded.
10.Which book makes Ernaux popular in the world
A．The Years.
B．Cleaned Out.
C．A Woman’s Story.
D．A Man’s Place.
11．What can be inferred from Ernaux’s books
A．Most of her books are about French history.
B．She began her writing career at a young age.
C．Her book is closely related to her strict father.
D．She wrote the book based on her own experiences.
12．What can we learn from Ernaux’s story
A．Hold your horses.
B．Hang on to your dreams.
C．Success doesn’t happen overnight.
D．Quitters never win and winners never quit.
Ⅱ.七选五
When raindrops fall to the ground in summer，a familiar scent always follows.Many people call this the “smell of rain”．However，rain is made up of odorless(无味的) water.So，where does this smell come from
1 But it actually comes from wet soil.This special odor even has its own name：petrichor(潮土油)，which comes from a pair of chemical reactions.
The pleasant smell has long been an interest of scientists since Australian scientists first documented the formation of petrichor in 1964.According to scientists，some plants produce oils during dry periods. 2
Yet，it’s the second reaction that creates the most petrichor.It occurs when chemicals produced by bacteria in soil are released. 3 These bacteria break down and change into simple chemical compounds，providing nutrition for plants.Meanwhile the process also produces geosmin(土臭素)，a compound with a distinct earthy aroma(香味)．
Lots of animals are sensitive to geosmin but human beings are extremely sensitive to it.When it rains after a long period of dryness，drops of water hit the ground.Geosmin is then released from the surfaces. 4 And it finally gives raindrops their familiar scent.If it rains heavily enough，geosmin will be spread downwind，warning others of coming rain.
5 And the next time someone mentions how much they love the smell of rain，you can prove your intelligence by explaining where that smell comes from.
A．And when it rains，these oils are released into the air.
B．Rain can refresh the soil specially when it rains heavily.
C．The smell of petrichor is quite pleasant to the human nose.
D．There are a group of microorganisms widely found in soils.
E．Scientists found the distinctive smell doesn’t come from rain.
F．The pleasant smell always comes into being with the flow of air.
G．It is further spread around its surroundings with the aid of wind and rain.
课时精练四
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英国的科学家们开始使用机器人来探索凯尔特海的动物和植物。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，科学家们探索凯尔特海是为了弄清楚这片海域为什么有这么多的海洋生物。故选A。]
2．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“The vehicle can stay floating on water for up to 30 days.”以及第五段的“Another robotic vehicle that can stay floating on water for months sends information about the areas of an ocean that have a lot of plant and animal life activities.”可知，这两种机器人都可以在海上漂浮很长时间。故选D。]
3．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“She says productive ocean areas，like the Celtic Sea，attract small organisms，which then attract fish.She adds that areas with a large increase in fish often attract sea mammals and birds.”可推断，海洋哺乳动物和鸟类很喜欢鱼类。故选B。]
4．C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段“British scientists are using two self-directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea as part of their research on robots.”以及最后一段首句“Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the seas with manned laboratories.”可知，文章主要讲述的是科学家们用机器人来探索凯尔特海。故选C。]
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公民科学在世界各地真正成熟起来，帮助创建了一个庞大而有价值的数据集合。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“George，with binoculars glued to his eyes，is busy recognizing the birds...”以及第二段“His binoculars are off his eyes now，but his fingers are flying over his phone screen...he has been on eBird for three years and takes pride in being the country’s ‘eighth best eBirder’ based on the number of his checklists.”可知，George是去收集鸟的数据。故选B。]
6．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段首句和最后一段可知，eBird促进了公民科学的发展。故选D。]
7．A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后的“with their large numbers，they can contribute extensive data over vast geographical areas，something trained scientists could not dream of gathering either individually or in teams”可知，这对于科学家来说是一个好事。由此可知，boon和benefit是近义词，意为“益处，优势”。故选A。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段举的例子可知，普通公民很早以前就了解生态科学。故选C。]
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Annie Ernaux被授予2022年诺贝尔文学奖，并介绍了其个人经历及主要作品。
9．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段末句“In congratulating her，the president of France，Emmanuel Macron said that she was the voice of the freedom of women.”可知，他认为Annie Ernaux 关心妇女的自由。故选B。]
10．A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Her popularity increased sharply after The Years was shortlisted for the International Booker.”可知，The Years让Ernaux风靡全球。故选A。]
11．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“Ernaux started...an autobiogra phical novel...In 1984 she won the Renaudot Prize for another of her works A Man’s Place，an autobiographical narrative focusing on her relationship with her father and her experiences growing up in a small town in France.”可推知，Ernaux根据自己的经历写了这些书。故选D。]
12．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Her path to authorship was long and difficult，and the story is serious but the language is plain”和“And when she with great courage and sharpness shows the physical or mental pain of the experience of class，combining historic and individual experiences to see who you are，she has achieved something admirable and lasting”可推知，她的故事告诉我们成功不是一蹴而就的。故选C。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。在夏天，当雨滴落在地上时，一种熟悉的气味总是随之而来。许多人称之为“雨的味道”。然而，雨是由无味的水组成的。那么，这种气味是从哪里来的呢？文章给出了详细的解答。
1．E　[根据上文“However，rain is made up of odorless(无味的) water.So，where does this smell come from？”及下文“But it actually comes from wet soil.”可知，E项(科学家们发现这种独特的气味并不是来自雨)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。]
2．A　[根据上文“According to scientists，some plants produce oils during dry periods.”可知，植物在干旱时期会分泌油脂。由此可知，A项(下雨时，这些油被释放到空气中)和上文意思紧密联系，句中的these oils指的就是上文提到的油脂。故选A。]
3．D　[根据上文“It occurs when chemicals produced by bacteria in soil are released.”及下文“These bacteria break down and change into simple chemical compounds，providing nutrition for plants.”可知，此处讲述的是土壤中的细菌。由此可知，D项(有一组微生物广泛存在于土壤中)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选D。]
4．G　[根据上文“Geosmin is then released from the surfaces.”及下文“And it finally gives raindrops their familiar scent.”可知，空格处内容为土臭素的进一步传播。由此可知，G项(在风和雨的帮助下，它在周围进一步传播)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G。]
5．C　[根据下文可知，此处提到有人很喜欢雨的味道。由此可知，C项(潮土油的芳香对于人的鼻子闻起来是很舒服的)和下文内容意思一致，都是讲的对于雨的味道的喜爱，符合语境。故选C项。]