牛津译林版（2019）必修三Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and usage课时精练三（含答案）

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Don’t leave that man over there (wait) outside and show him in now.
2．Ordinary soap， (use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.
3．You had better choose your job (depend) on what you are interested in.
4．When she found her mobile devices (throw) away，she boiled with anger.
5．They are making great gifts and you’ll see them (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
6． (beat) by the opposite team，we didn’t lose heart but encouraged each other.
7．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself (hear)．
8．Generally speaking，if (take) according to the directions，the drug has no side effects.
Ⅱ.句型转换(用非谓语形式改写句子)
1．The library which was built in 1995 is still in good condition.
→The library .
2．He was devoted to his research，so that he had no time to relax.
→ ，he had no time to relax.
3．When I arrived there，I noticed the car was stuck in the mud.
→When I arrived there，I noticed .
4．If I was given more time，I would be able to finish the task.
→ ，I would be able to finish the task.
5．The woman doctor tried her best to save the girl who was seriously injured in the accident.
→The woman doctor tried her best to save the girl seriously .
6．The athlete walked onto the platform，and he was followed by two other prizewinners.
→The athlete walked onto the platform， .
7．In recent years，we have seen large areas of wetlands that were damaged by human activities.
→In recent years， by human activities.
8．The man who is cheering up the team members is the organizer of this activity.
→The man is the organizer of this activity.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．She was happy to see at her elder sister’s home.
她很高兴看到她母亲在她姐姐家里受到很好的照顾。
2． ，the problem was settled in a simple way at last.
被讨论了许多次后，这个问题最终被用一种简单的方式解决了。
3． ，she attended the opening ceremony.
她穿着一条漂亮的裙子，参加了开幕式。
4． again，we didn’t lose heart.
虽然又被另一支队伍打败了，但是我们没有失去信心。
5．You can’t accept an opinion unless it is based on facts.
你不能接受提供给你的意见，除非它基于事实。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Several years ago，Jason Box，a scientist from Ohio，flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier(冰川) in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice，and then left.His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun，keeping the ice cool below.When he came back to check the results，he found it worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants(火电厂) were shut down，no jobs were lost，and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“Thank you，but no thank you，” says Ralph King，a climate scientist.He told Grey Childs，an author and commentator，that people think technology can save the planet，but there are other things we need to deal with，like consumption.They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.This experiment，quote-unquote，gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently.Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that some day soon we won’t be climate victims(受害者)—we will be climate choosers.More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives，the engineers will get smarter，the tools will get better，and one day we will control the climate.But that then？“Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back，” Grey writes.“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will，” he says.
Me？I like it better when the earth takes care of itself，I guess one day we will have to run the place，but for the moment，sitting at my desk，looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling，I’m happy not to be in charge.
1．Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph
A．To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D．To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
2．Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with
A．The experiment against climate change will not succeed.
B．Technology is not the final solution，let alone its high cost.
C．It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
3．Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 3
A．Relief. B．Click.
C．Shake. D．Description.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．But Should We Fix the Climate
B．Is Climate Change a Real Problem
C．How Can We Take Care of the Earth
D．What If All the Glaciers Disappeared
Ⅴ.完形填空
When I was at high school，I was too talkative in class and didn’t study very hard.
My geometry(几何) teacher，Mrs Trenholm，often stressed clear thinking and logic could help 1 not only geometry problems，but life ones.But I didn’t pay much 2 .With class becoming increasingly 3 ，I was struggling.
One day，after setting us homework，Mrs Trenholm 4 me aside，saying gently，“Don’t talk your way out of this.”I didn’t know what she 5 .But I followed her advice and worked on it.As usual，I couldn’t solve it and wanted to give up.It was then that I 6 remembered things Mrs Trenholm had stressed in class and 7 to try again.I kept trying and 8 where I had gone wrong.At last I 9 it.
I handed it in proudly.Mrs Trenholm said with a smile，“You can be somebody 10 .Keep it up！” It 11 the rest of my life.I had been a(n) 12 student with a lot of catching up to do，but I found if I concentrated and worked hard，I could 13 and even enjoy a subject.I went on to study geometry at university and became a nuclear research scientist.I really appreciated Mrs Trenholm’s 14 .
Through that lesson，I no longer allowed myself the 15 to talk myself out of dealing with problems，or give up when things seemed too difficult.
1.A.belong to B．lead to
C．work out D．carry out
2．A.honour B．money
C．time D．attention
3．A.challenging B．interesting
C．suitable D．creative
4．A.left B．pulled
C．knocked D．threw
5．A.achieved B．believed
C．meant D．promised
6．A.obviously B．confidently
C．secretly D．suddenly
7．A.refused B．pretended
C．decided D．failed
8．A.planning B．examining
C．debating D．voicing
9．A.caught B．made
C．enjoyed D．admired
10．A.different B．brave
C．honest D．dependable
11．A.changed B．advanced
C．ruined D．rescued
12．A.easy-going B．below-average
C．well-behaved D．good-looking
13．A.understand B．summarize
C．recognize D．recommend
14．A.punishment B．offer
C．invitation D．instruction
15．A.curiosity B．ability
C．freedom D．way
Ⅵ.语法填空
Camping is gaining 1. (popular) as a way for many people in the United States 2.______ (spend) their vacation.When people camp，they can sleep in a tent or a camper.Some people like to really “rough it” and use no shelter except for a sleeping bag and sleep 3._______ the stars.Some people drive across the U．S.in 4. is known as a recreational vehicle or RV，which is a trailer.Inside there are beds，a tiny bathroom and a kitchen.
There are campgrounds all over the United States.Many of these campgrounds 5._________ (equip) with water and electricity so that people can wash dishes and 6. (they) and plug in a radio or their computers.Most campsites also have a fire ring,7. is a hole in the ground where people can make a fire for roasting food 8. (safe)．There usually is also a picnic table for people to eat their meals.Many of these campgrounds provide 9._________ (share) bathrooms complete with showers.Usually，it is 10. (legal) to camp in a place not designated as an official campsite，meaning you can’t just pitch a tent in a forest.
课时精练三
Ⅰ.1.waiting　2.used　3.depending　4.thrown　5.decorated　6．Beaten　7.heard　8.taken
Ⅱ.1.built in 1995 is still in good condition　2.Devoted to his research　3.the car stuck in the mud　4.Given more time　5．injured in the accident　6.followed by two other prizewinners　7.we have seen large areas of wetlands damaged　8．cheering up the team members
Ⅲ.1.her mother taken good care of　2.Having been discussed many times　3.Dressed in a beautiful skirt　4.Beaten by another team　5.offered to you
Ⅳ.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Jason Box企图控制气候变化的极端例子及科学家对其不同的观点，并阐述了作者自己的想法，即反对人类控制气候，要让地球自我修复。
1．B　[推理判断题。根据第一段前三句和第二段的“This experiment，quote-unquote...Technology won’t give us a free ride.”可知，为保护冰川，Jason Box尝试用白色塑料覆盖它们。这个例子引出后文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨。作者提到Jason Box的实验，是为了描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。故选B。]
2．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段的“They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.This experiment，quote-unquote，gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a free ride.”可知，Ralph King认为在环保问题上，技术并不是最终的解决方案更不用说其高昂的成本。故选B。]
3．C　[词义猜测题。根据第三段末句“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will.”可知，Grey认为人为控制气候变化是有问题的，故可以推测上句应表示“控制气候的想法会使我感觉不寒而栗”，故shiver是“发抖，战栗”的意思。故选C。]
4．A　[标题归纳题。根据最后一段并结合上文人们企图控制气候变化的极端例子及科学家们的观点可知，作者更喜欢地球自己照料自己，即反对人类利用科技手段控制气候。故选A。]
Ⅴ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者高中的几何老师指导并帮助了他的学习，让他克服了学习中遇到的困难，最终考入大学并成为一名科学家的故事。
1．C　[belong to属于；lead to导致；work out解决；carry out实施。根据空前“clear thinking and logic”和空后的“geometry problems”可知，作者的几何老师强调清晰的思维和逻辑能够解决几何问题。故选C。]
2．D　[honour荣誉；money货币；time时间；attention注意。根据转折连词But可知，虽然老师经常强调清晰的思维和逻辑不仅有助于解决几何问题，也有助于解答生活问题，但作者并没有注意。故选D。]
3．A　[challenging有挑战性的；interesting有趣的；suitable合适的；creative有创造性的。根据下文“I was struggling”可知，课程变得越来越有挑战性，所以作者学习也很吃力。故选A。]
4．B　[leave离开；pull拉；knock敲击；throw投掷。根据空后的aside可知，特伦霍姆太太把作者拉到一边，和他说了一些话。故选B。]
5．C　[achieve实现；believe相信；mean意思是；promise承诺。根据上文“Don’t talk your way out of this.”可知，作者并不知道特伦霍姆太太说的话是什么意思。故选C。]
6．D　[obviously显然；confidently自信地；secretly秘密地；suddenly突然。根据空前的then以及空后的“remembered things Mrs Trenholm had stressed in class”可知，那时作者突然想到了老师在课上强调的事情。故选D。]
7．C　[refuse拒绝；pretend假装；decide决定；fail失败。根据下文“I kept trying”可知，作者决定再试一次。故选C。]
8．B　[plan规划；examine检查；debate辩论；voice发声。根据空后“where I had gone wrong”可知，作者努力检查哪里出了问题。故选B。]
9．B　[catch抓住；make使成功；enjoy享受；admire钦佩。根据下文“I handed it in proudly.”可知，作者最终解决了问题。make it意为“成功”。故选B。]
10．A　[different不同的；brave勇敢的；honest诚实的；dependable可信赖的。根据上文“I handed it in proudly.Mrs Trenholm said with a smile”以及下文“Keep it up！”可知，作者成功解决问题后，作为鼓励，特伦霍姆太太对他说他可以成为一个和以前不同的人。故选A。]
11．A　[change改变；advance前进；ruin摧毁；rescue拯救。根据下文“I went on to study geometry at university and became a nuclear research scientist.”可知，特伦霍姆太太的帮助和指导改变了作者的一生。故选A。]
12．B　[easy-going随和的；below-average低于平均水平的；well-behaved行为良好的；good-looking好看的。根据上文“As usual，I couldn’t solve it and wanted to give up.”可知，作者学习并不好，所以他是一名低于平均水平的学生。故选B。]
13．A　[understand理解；summarize总结；recognize认出，辨别出；recommend推荐。根据上文“but I found if I concentrated and worked hard”可知，集中精力和努力学习让作者能够理解并享受一门学科。故选A。]
14．D　[punishment处罚；offer报价；invitation邀请；instruction指示。根据上文内容和“I went on to study geometry at university and became a nuclear research scientist.”可知，特伦霍姆太太帮助并教导了作者的学习，使作者成为一名核研究科学家，所以他很感激她的教导。故选D。]
15．C　[curiosity好奇心；ability能力；freedom自由；way方式。根据上文“Don’t talk your way out of this.”可知，作者以前在学习上遇到困难时，会用自己的说辞来让自己放弃去解决问题。在特伦霍姆太太帮助和教导他的学习后，他不会再随便地说服自己放弃处理问题。故选C。]
Ⅵ.1.popularity　2.to spend　3.under　4.what　5．are equipped　6.themselves　7.which　8.safely　9．shared　10.illegal