2024年人教版中考英语一轮复习语法-状语从句

状语从句Adverbial clause
时间状语从句：
引导词：
when each/every time
whenever next time
as the moment
while the minute
before
after
until (till)
since
as soon as
once
when, while 和as
when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生，也可用于从句动作先于主句动作。如：
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sunday.
我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时，别高声谈话。
从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时进行，可译为“一边…, 一边…”，或“随着….”。
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。
如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while 与as可互换使用。如：
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
用when, while 与as填空：
1.We were swimming in the lake____suddenly the storm started
A.when B.while C.until D.before
2. ____ I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
3. ____ John arrived, I was cooking lunch.
4. ____ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
5. I was wandering through the street ____ I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
as soon as, once, the moment,the minute, immediately, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一…就…”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.
我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。
The baby burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。
till, until 和not…until
肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定句，意为“某动作一直持续到某时间点才停止”。如：
He remained there until / till she arrived.
他在那一直等到她来。
You may stay here until / till the rain stops.
你可以在这呆到雨停。
否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：
He won’t go to bed till / until she returns.
直到她回来他才睡。
till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事情。
before和 since
若表达“还未…就….；不到… 就…；还没来得及”时，需用连词before.
如:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
It will be +一段时间+before...还要多久才…如：
It will be half a year before I come back.
还得再过半年我才能回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
过不了多长时间我才能回来。
Since从句谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应的，主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
I have written home four times since I came here.
自从我来到这儿，我已经给家里写过四封信了。
He has been working in this factory since she left school.
他离开学校后就一直在这个工厂工作。
It is +一段时间+since...句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句谓语动词所表示的动作完成或表示的状态结束时算起。
It is three years since the war broke out.
自战争爆发以来有三年了。
every time, each time, next time, the first time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当…; 每次…;下次…”等。
Every/each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
每当我处于困境，他就回来帮助我。
Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。
原因状语从句
because, since, as, for
because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why
since– 通常放句首．译为“既然”
as– 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱．
for– 放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明.
Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。
1.Parents should take seriously their children's requests for sunglasses
____eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A. because B. though C. unless D. if
2.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot in Canada, ____this was a memory she especially treasured.
A. as B. if C. when D. where
目的状语从句 结果状语从句
引导目的状语从句连词有： so that, in order that, so that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后, In order that引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后, 比so that正式。目的状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might情态动词。这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别。
如：I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
我会慢慢说，以便你能懂。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。
引导结果状语从句的连词有：so…that，such…that.结果状语放在主句之后。
注意：在so…that，such…that结构中一般成分齐全。这也是
与as引导定语从句的区别。在so…as，such…as 这一结构中，
as引导定语从句，在句中做成分。
如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的丛属连词有：if，unless (=if…not如果不；除非……; 否则….), as/so long as(只要)）在条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。
As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed. 你只要不灰心，就会成功。
1._____you call me to say you're not coming，I'll see you at the theatre.
A.Though B.Whether C.Until D. Unless
2.---What would you do if it ___ tomorrow？
---We have to carry it on，since we've got everything ready.
A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining
3.You must keep on working in the evening ____you are sure you can finish the task in time.
A.as B.if C.when D.unless
4._______you've tried it，you can't imagine how pleasant it is.
A.Unless B.Because C.Although D.When
5.In time of serious accidents，____we know some basic things about first aid，we can save lives.
A.whether B.until C.if D.unless
让步状语从句
让步状语从句的连词有：though /although“尽管”，even if /even though“即使”，no matter how(what，when，which，who，where)，however(whatever，whenever，whichever，whoever，wherever), as“尽管”
1)although与though可互换，都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。
2)However引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。
3)Whatever修饰名词，“无论什么”，however修饰形容词、副词，“无论多么,无论怎么”。
He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.
虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。
Even though/ if it is raining, we’ll go there. (陈述语气)即使下雨，我们也要去那里。
Even if I were busy, I would go.(虚拟语气)即使忙，我也得去。
as和 though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语，状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
如：Child as/ though he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。
Much as/ though I like it, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。
注意：though引导的从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although
引导的从句只能用正常语序。
Smart though/ as she is, she doesn’t study hard (T)
Though she is smart, she doesn’t study hard. (T)
Although she is smart, she doesn’t study hard. (T)
Smart although she is, she doesn’t study hard (F)
As she is smart, she doesn’t study hard. (F)
Whatever(=No matter what) you say, he won’t believe you.
无论你说什么，他都不相信你。
Whoever you are (=No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.
无论你是谁，你都要遵守规则。
注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可引导名词性从句。
You can take whatever you like.你可以喜欢什么就拿什么。