Period 5 Extended reading—Reading comprehension
Ⅰ.匹配单词
1．recycle A．the state of being poor
2．protest B．to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again
3．poverty C．the act of protecting sb/sth from attack，criticism，etc.
4．chief D．a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose
5．strategy E．to say or do sth to show that you disagree with or disapprove of sth，especially publicly
6．defence F．most important；highest in rank
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Poor men in this region the new policy.They said it was unfair.
2．They only whether the application can assist them in pursuit of their goals.
3．I began to have a sinking feeling that I was not going to the poison.
4.Due to the joint efforts，the health authorities now know how to the pandemic.
5．A new witness will be called by the lawyer to speak his client.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A．The local people are all against environmental pollution.
B．The advantages of opening a factory outweigh the disadvantages.
C．Environmental protection is a long-term task that requires joint efforts.
D．There are different viewpoints on environmental pollution.
Ⅱ.悉层次结构
Read the text quickly and match the main idea with each part.
(1)Lines 1－5 A．Archer says they should find a balance between environmental protection and economic development.
(2)Lines 6－14 B．We should work together for our environment and our economy.
(3)Lines 15－27 C．Mr Smith protested against heavy industry.
(4)Lines 28－45 D．The TV show host gives a brief introduction of three guests.
(5)Lines 46－53 E．Brown says they have taken many measures to reduce pollution.
Step 2 细读——逐部分获取细节
Ⅰ.Read lines 1－5 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Answer the following questions.
(1)How many people are there in the TV show
(2)Who are they
(3)What are they
2．Why are these four people here
A．To discuss pollution in Norgate.
B．To praise Norgate’s rapid development.
C．To protest against heavy industry.
D．To make huge profits in the city.
Ⅱ.Read lines 6－14 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Find out the opinion of James Smith.
For health and safety reasons alone， .
2．What can we learn from Mr Smith’s words
A．Norgate has always been a polluted city.
B．He thinks it is heavy industry that has polluted Norgate.
C．Norgate used to be a city where the air wasn’t clean.
D．He never coughs due to the pollution.
3．What are the environmental problems in Norgate according to James Smith
4．How is this paragraph developed
A．By listing numbers.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．Both A and B.
Ⅲ.Read lines 15－27 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Summarize Brown’s viewpoint.
He speaks for all .
2．What’s Vincent Brown’s opinion about the pollution
A．Factories should be fully responsible for the environmental pollution.
B．Factories have been trying to reduce pollution in their production.
C．Factories do nothing good to the society.
D．Factories are not concerned about the environment.
3．Mr Brown speaks for all factory managers for the reasons EXCEPT that .
A．it is difficult to run a company
B．they take a lot of measures
C．they spend a lot of money reducing pollution
D．they create jobs for local residents
Ⅳ.Read lines 28－45 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What is the attitude of Julie Archer
We have to between environmental protection and economic development.
2．What has the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee done for the environment
It has for businesses to observe，like strict clean-up requirements.
It also with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an .
3．What can everyone do to help protect the environment in her opinion
4．What can we infer from Archer’s opinion
A．It is the government’s duty to protect the environment.
B．Their committee has made environmental policies for citizens to follow.
C．Some factories have created jobs for local residents.
D．Everyone should do his best to protect the environment.
Ⅴ.Read lines 46－53 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Find out the opinion of the host.
The fortunes of our environment and our economy are .
2．What should we do
protect the environment while we aim for economic development. leave a better，cleaner and healthier planet to our children. build a human community with a shared future.
3．What’s the writing skill used here
4．What does the word “advancing” in line 48 mean
A．Preventing. B．Limiting.
C．Protecting. D．Promoting.
Ⅵ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises.
1．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．A TV interview programme on pollution.
B．A magazine about environmental pollution.
C．A newspaper about investigation experiment.
D．A travel journal about Norgate.
2．What’s the purpose of the text
3．What’s the main tone of this TV show
A．Subjective. B．Critical.
C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
Step 3 读后——讨论深度理解
1．Pollution is a serious problem around the world，and much effort has been put into the fight against it.Do you think things will change significantly in the future Why？(Creative thinking)
2．Do you think it is possible to achieve a balance between the economy and the environment What can we do to balance the two sides？(Critical thinking)
Step 4 总结——课文语法填空
Three guests，James Smith，Vincent Brown，and Julie Archer，are invited to the TV show News that Matters.The topic is pollution in Norgate.Norgate’s rapid development has had significant 1.________ (environment) costs.Mr Smith protests against heavy industry.From Mr Smith’s point of view，after heavy industry 2. (move) in，things became 3. (entire) different.For health and safety reasons alone，heavy industry has to go.However，Mr Brown holds the idea differently.He speaks in defence 4. factories and factory managers.In his opinion，factories try to control the amount of pollution they produce and factory managers,5._________ are deeply concerned about the environment，have been taking various 6.________ (measure) to reduce pollution in 7. production process，even though the measures raise the production costs.As far as Mrs Archer is concerned，the committee has a major role 8. (play) in maintaining air and water quality.Besides，the committee should also work hand in hand with other branches of government.However，fighting pollution 9._________ (have) to be a community-wide effort，and everyone can help by 10. (follow) the golden rule：reduce，reuse and recycle.
Step 5 解读——长句难句分析
1．In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
[句式分析] 本句是 句，其中that引导 从句；we produce是省略了关系代词 的定语从句，修饰先行词 。
[自主翻译]
2．I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.
[句式分析] 本句是 句，I speak for all factory managers是 从句，省略了连接词 ，作think的 。when引导 从句。say后面是省略了 的 从句。
[自主翻译]
3．We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.
[句式分析] 本句是 句，动词不定式作 ，that引导 从句，作ensure的 。
[自主翻译]
4．It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.
[句式分析] 本句是 句，It是 主语，动词不定式短语to protect the environment是真正的 ，while引导 从句。
[自主翻译]
Period 5
读前清障
Ⅰ.1.B 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.D 6.C
Ⅱ.1.protested against 2.are；concerned about
3．get rid of 4.deal with 5.in defence of
精读课文 Step 1
Ⅰ.C
Ⅱ.(1)D (2)C (3)E (4)A (5)B
Step 2
Ⅰ.1.(1)Four.
(2)Host，James Smith，Vincent Brown，Julie Archer.
(3)Host：a local resident；
James Smith：a local resident；
Vincent Brown：senior manager of a local factory；
Julie Archer：chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.
2．A
Ⅱ.1.heavy industry has to go
2．B
3．Water pollution and air pollution.
4．C
Ⅲ.1.factory managers 2.B 3.A
Ⅳ.1.achieve a balance
2．made environmental policies；works hand in hand；environmentally friendly way
3．Everyone can help by following the golden rule：reduce，reuse and recycle.
4．D
Ⅴ.1.inseparable
2．It’s our duty to；It’s our duty to；It’s our duty to
3．Parallelism.
4．D
Ⅵ.1.A
2．To call for people to protect the environment while aiming for economic development.
3．C
Step 4
1．environmental 2.moved 3.entirely 4.of 5.who
6．measures 7.the 8.to play 9.has 10.following
Step 5
1．复合 宾语 that/which pollution 不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。
2．复合 宾语 that 宾语 时间状语 that 宾语 我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。
3．复合 目的状语 宾语 宾语 我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。
4．复合 形式 主语 时间状语 在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。Period 2 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My bedroom is 4 meters in l and 3 meters in width.
2．We all know that the sun has an impact on all l things.
3．Without a proper warm-up，exercise may do more h than good instead.
4．These trees have survived for (百万) of years.
5．A good way to protect (物种) under threat of extinction is to let them go back to zoos and breed them there.
6．Somehow，there was a (大量，一大群) of people around the supermarket entrance.
7．The storm caused some (损坏) to some houses，but they were not destroyed.
8．We like going fishing at this lake on weekends，where there are more than 20 (种类) of fish.
9．Mary enjoyed feeling the warm sand (在……下面) her feet.
10．He was surprised that many species of wildlife had d from our planet forever.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1．To describe it at ，you’d better your report so that the workshop(研讨会) will be a little .(length)
2．His seemed very particular and his from the party very strange.(disappear)
3．Staying up constantly can be to your health.In fact it does more than good.(harm)
4．The old man was the only who that terrible battle.He told a reporter that he had to on little food left during those days.His was a real wonder.(survive)
5．France is the world’s second biggest exporter of (agriculture) products.
6．There are kinds of storybooks in the store， from Chinese stories to English stories.(variety)
7．Shortly after suffering from a (mass) earthquake，the city took on a new look.
8．You are supposed to take some food to ensure you obtain enough .(nutrient)
Ⅲ.完成句子
1． ，the little boy had to stay at home all day.(独立主格结构)
由于有很多家庭作业要做，小男孩只好一整天待在家里。
2． wounded peasant boy.(全部倒装)
躺在地板上的是一个受伤的农家男孩。
3．The museum houses a wide range of antiques， dating back to the Ming Dynasty attracts me most.(介词＋which引导定语从句)
这个博物馆收藏了各种各样的古董，其中一个明代的花瓶最吸引我。
4． ，I can see his shortcomings.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管我承认他的优点，但我也发现了他的不足。
harm n．& vt.伤害，损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的)
do/cause harm to sb/sth＝do/cause sb/sth harm对……有害 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事并无害处。 do (sb) more harm than good(对某人)弊大于利 be harmful to...对……有害
(1)It is known to us that many poisonous chemicals are released into the air， (harm) our living environment.
(2)There is no harm giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.
(3)The doctor says that this material is (harm) to human beings and has no impact on our health.
(4)(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ)The task John set for himself was to remove (harm) substances from some sludge(污泥)．
(5)(应用文写作之建议信)不可否认，过度使用互联网在一定程度上损害了我们的身心健康。
①There is no denying that overusing the Internet to some extent .(harm vt.)
②There is no denying that overusing the Internet to some extent .(harm n.)
③There is no denying that overusing the Internet to some extent .(harmful)
variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体(various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 vary v．改变；不同)
种类繁多的；各种各样的 vary from...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 vary with...随着……而变化 vary in...在……方面变化/有差异
(1)(2022·全国甲)Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in (vary) countries.
(2)(2021·新课标全国Ⅰ)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing (vary) of wildlife.
(3)The research team is made up of pupils whose ages vary 10 15.
(4)The scenery of the Three Gorges varies the seasons，and you can enjoy different pleasures.
(5)Our school has built a new stadium.It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities.
→Our school has built a new stadium， .(定语从句；词汇升级)
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难(survival n．生存；幸存 survivor n．生还者，幸存者)
survive sth幸免于……；从……活过来 survive on依靠……生活 survive sb by...比某人多活…… survive from...从……时留存/流传下来
(1)If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of (survive)．
(2)Mr Wang was the only in his family，who the earthquake in 1976.(survive)
(3)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely discarded(丢弃的) food.
(4)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband 5 years.
(5)According to the expert，some strange customs have .
据专家说，有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
damage vt.& n．损害，伤害；损坏，破坏
do/cause damage to...对……造成损害 damage one’s health损害某人的健康
(1)I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage our children.
(2)(应用文写作之倡议书)We’d better get rid of the bad habit of smoking，for smoking can .
我们最好改掉吸烟的坏习惯，因为吸烟会对我们的健康造成损害。
[辨析] damage，destroy与ruin
damage 程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，一般可修复
destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等
ruin 表示“毁坏，毁灭”，指彻底的毁坏，原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，多用于比喻。ruin还可用于美好经历或有用东西的损坏
The illness has ruined my life.这个病毁掉了我的生活。
The bomb completely destroyed that building.炸弹彻底炸毁了那栋建筑。
You have damaged my bike; you’d better get it repaired.
你弄坏了我的自行车，你最好找人修修。
in turn 相应地，转而；轮流，依次
by turns轮流地，交替地 take turns to do sth轮流做某事 it’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事 it turns/turned out that...结果是……
(1)用turn的相关短语填空
(2020·天津)一些学生代表轮流在成人礼上发言。最后轮到我发言了。就我个人而言，过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，相应地，从现在起我们应该帮助他们。
Some student representatives to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it .Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and ，we should give a helping hand to them from now on.
(2)(2023·全国乙)As it ，Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.
结果，道格拉斯击败了两名俄罗斯选手，这正是她成为奥运会冠军所需要做的。
due to 由于，因为(due adj.由于，因为；预定的；到期的；适当的；应支付 n．应有的权利)
be due to do sth预期做某事 be due to sb应支付/归于某人 be due for sth预定做某事；应得到某物
(1)(2021·全国乙)Due the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel，various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
(2)The old man said the accident was due careless driving，so a lot of money was due (pay) by the driver.
写出下列句子中黑体词的词性及汉语意思
(3)The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.
(4)After due consideration it was decided to send him away to live with his foster parents.
倍数表达法
教材原句 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。(P2)
more than half the size of China是“倍数表达法”的一种表达形式。英语中常见的倍数表达方式有： A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词(比较级)＋than＋B A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词(原级)＋as＋B A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 注意：表达“两倍”时，用twice或double，三倍或以上时则用“基数词＋times”来表达。表示倍数也可用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语。
(1)My school has expanded into a big one，which is twice as big the former one.
(2)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
(3)The number of students now in this region is four times it was ten years ago.
(4)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。
①The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school what it was ten years ago.(size)
②The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school what it was ten years ago.(as)
③The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our school what it was ten years ago.(than)
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
教材原句 The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。(P2)
from which the rainforest gets its name是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰The Amazon River。 “介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词只能用which或whom。修饰物时用which，修饰人时用whom。 介词的确定根据以下方面来选择： ①句意； ②定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配； ③表示所属关系或者表示“整体中的一部分”都用of。
(1)I bought a great many books about climate， which I spent all my money that I had saved.
(2)Many young people，most of are well-educated，realize the importance of the biodiversity on the Earth.
(3)(应用文写作之校园生活)I have actively attended English lectures， British and American cultures.我积极参加了英语讲座，从中我充分了解了英美文化。
(4)(应用文写作之环保活动)The activity，the aim of environmental protection，appeals to a mass of volunteers.
这个旨在提高我们的环境保护意识的活动吸引了很多志愿者。
完全倒装结构
教材原句 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。(P3)
Above that is the mass of leaf litter...是完全倒装结构。正常语序为The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that. 有时为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可用全部倒装结构。构成全部倒装结构的条件： 表示地点或方位的副词here，there，up，down，out，in，away；表示时间的副词now，then; 表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。 谓语动词通常是表示姿势的不及物动词(如crouch，hang，lie，sit，stand等)和表示行动的不及物动词(如come，die，go，run，live，rise等)。 注意：句子的主语是名词时主谓需要倒装，如果句子的主语是代词，则主谓不倒装。
(1)As soon as the bell rang，out (rush) the children.
(2)(应用文写作之景点介绍)To the west of the city (stand) an old library in which many ancient books are well preserved.
(3)(应用文写作之建议信) on how to keep a balance between a part-time job and study.以下是如何平衡兼职工作和学习的一些建议。
(4)(应用文写作之校园介绍)In the centre of our school ，which is between the garden and the teaching building.我们学校的中心矗立着我们的图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。
(5)(读后续写之人物动作描写) ，lowering his head and crying silently.正站在教室外的是一位男孩，低着头默默地哭着。
Ⅰ.一词多义
break down A.使分解 为 ，使变化 成 B.停止运转，出故障 C. 谈判等 失败 D.打破，消除 E.垮掉
1．The computer system broke down suddenly，causing great losses to the company.
2．Sugar and starch(淀粉) are broken down in the stomach.
3．If you often take on more work than you can do，your health will break down sooner or later.
_____________
4．Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.
5．She made numerous efforts to break down colour lines in public places.
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere，the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots，yet still manages to add a special twist.(2023·全国甲)
2．The building is open to the public and houses a museum of motorcycles and cars.
Period 2
基础知识巩固
Ⅰ.1.length 2.living 3.harm 4.millions 5.species
6．mass 7.damage 8.varieties 9.beneath
10．disappeared
Ⅱ.1.length；lengthen；longer 2.appearance；disappearance；appeared 3.harmful；harm 4.survivor；survived；survive；survival 5.agricultural 6.various；varying 7.massive 8.nutritious；nutrients
Ⅲ.1.Lots of homework to do 2.Lying on the floor was a
3．among which a vase 4.While I admit his good points
核心考点突破
1．(1)harming (2)in (3)harmless (4)harmful
(5)①harms our physical and mental health ②does/causes harm to our physical and mental health ③is harmful to our physical and mental health
2．(1)various (2)variety (3)from；to (4)with (5)which has various/varieties of/a variety of well-equipped facilities
3．(1)survival (2)survivor；survived (3)on (4)by
(5)survived from earlier times
4．(1)to (2)do/cause damage to our health
5．(1)took turns；was my turn；in turn (2)turned out
6．(1)to (2)to；to be paid (3)adj.到期的 (4)adj.适当的
7．(1)as (2)faster (3)what (4)①is three times the size of
②is three times as large as ③is three times larger than
8．(1)on (2)whom (3)from which I have a good knowledge of (4)of which is to raise our awareness
9．(1)rushed (2)stands (3)Here are some suggestions
(4)lies our library (5)Standing outside the classroom is a boy
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.1.B 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.D
Ⅱ.1.n.基础；根基 2.vt.给……提供场地；安置Period 3 Grammar and usage—Ellipsis
请认真阅读下列句子，并根据提示填空
1．(You) Come at one o’clock sharp.一点钟准时来。
2．John is a lawyer，and his wife (is) a cleaner.约翰是律师，他的妻子是清洁工。
3. You’d better look out when (you are) crossing the street.你过马路时最好当心。
4．He is the man (who/whom/that) you can depend on.
他是你可以信赖的人。
5．The boy wanted to play football in the street，but his mother did not allow him to (play football in the street)．
这个男孩想在街上踢足球，但他妈妈不允许。
6．It shows (that) knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
这说明急救知识能起到很大的作用。
自主发现
1．例句 为简单句中的省略。
2．例句 为并列句中的省略。
3．例句 为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物或当状语从句的主语为it而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
4．例句 为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
5．例句 为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号 来替代上文中出现的不定式。
6．例句6为 中连接词that的省略。
一、简单句中的省略
1．在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略主语或主语和谓语的一部分。
(It) Sounds like a good idea.
听起来是个好主意。
(Have you) Heard anything about Bob lately
最近(你)听说过鲍勃的事情吗？
2．在简短对话中，答语常保留主语和助动词，省略其后主要动词以及上句出现过的其他内容。
—Are you ready
—Yes，I am (ready)．
——你准备好了吗？
——是的，我准备好了。
二、并列句中的省略
在并列句中，第二分句常省略与第一分句中相同的成分。
My room is on the fifth floor，and hers (is) on the eighth (floor)．
我的房间在五楼，而她的在八楼。
John won the first race and Jimmy (won) the second (race)．
约翰赢了第一场赛跑，吉米赢了第二场。
三、复合句中的省略
1．状语从句的省略
当状语从句的主语跟主句的主语相同或从句的主语为it且从句谓语中含有be动词时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
Whenever (it is) possible，they will stop him and ask him the three questions.
只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。
Will you be free this Sunday？If (it is) so，let’s go camping.
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
注意：若省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
When (it is) heated，ice can turn into water.
加热的时候冰可以变成水。
2．定语从句的省略
当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。
The exact year (which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2020.
安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2020年。
3．宾语从句的省略
在宾语从句中连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.我真的相信美丽来自内心。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
四、动词不定式中的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．在某些使役动词，如：make，let，have等和感官动词，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，则不能省略to。
I’d like to stay with you，help you and learn from you.
我愿意留在你身边，帮助你并向你学习。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)
他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
4．介词but，except(除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
五、使用so，not 等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can you finish your work today
—I think so.
—I don’t think so./I think not.
——你今天能完成工作吗？
——我认为能。
——我认为不能。
注意：hope，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。
—The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they
—I guess not.
——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？
——我猜是没做好。
六、介词的省略
1．一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
(1)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
(2)be busy (in) doing sth
(3)spend some time (in) doing sth
(4)stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
2．表示时间的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
在空白处填入一个适当的词，注意使用省略形式
Tony lives in a good family.His father is a teacher，and so is his mother.His parents are strict with their students，and 1. in their work.Tony’s parents are of the same age.They do what they can to help their son grow healthily and safely.Once，when Tony wanted to play football in the street，his parents told him not 2. because it was dangerous for him to do 3. .As we all know，safety is of great importance in our daily life.From this we can draw a conclusion that his parents help him form a good habit of being safe.Tony’s parents are good teachers at school and 4. at home.
Period 3
语法感悟
1．1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 to 6.宾语从句
达标检测
1．strict 2.to 3.so 4.parentsPeriod 6 Extended reading & Other parts—Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．R waste materials is a way of reducing environmental pollution.
2．It’s a pity that farmland in this region has been completely (污染，毒害) by chemicals.
3．With further measures taken，the number of people living in p has dropped significantly.
4．Our company didn’t make a p on the project，and instead it lost a lot of money.
5．Tourism has contributed greatly to the local (经济的) development.
6．Sadly，this policy could cause serious (后果) to the environment.
7．Some animals are endangered and part of the reason is the loss of their (栖息地)．
8．The building work will go ahead，despite (抗议，反抗) from local residents.
9．This beautiful old building has been restored to its (以前的) glory.
10．For more information，you can refer to the o website of China Daily.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1．Are you sure you understand the importance of the task？(entire)
2．All the can in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their before May 6th.(application)
3． or using paper bags is important to help protect our environment.(recycle)
4．Be careful! The leaves of certain trees are (poison) to cattle.
5．According to decision，the government are moving to new on the other side of town.(official)
6．Over the years the former little company has developed into a highly (profit) business.
7．The man said unemployment was the chief cause of .(poverty)
8．The who is working in a industry says she always has a passion for .(chemical)
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．She pretended ，which made me upset.
我们在街上遇见时，她装作不认识我，这使我很伤心。
2． ，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们的中文班捐赠一些图书。
3．I sincerely hope your dream will come true and Beijing when that day comes.
我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现，当那一天到来时，带你在北京转转是我的荣幸。
application n．应用，运用；申请(apply v．运用；申请；应用；涂抹，敷 applicant n．申请人)
apply (to sb) for sth(向某人)申请某物 apply to do sth申请做某事 apply to适用于 apply sth to sth把某物应用/涂抹于…… apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词)
(1)(2021·浙江)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training new faces in the testing stage.
(2)He has applied to the school scholarship and his (apply) is under discussion.
(3)Since last year，he has been applying himself to (study) traditional Chinese medical science.
(4)(应用文写作之申请信) Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month，I am writing to .
得知画廊将在下个月举办中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。
(5)(应用文写作之申请信)I’d appreciate it if you could at your convenience.如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
(6)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)He Jeff’s hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast.
他往杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们清理残局，扔掉了烤焦的面包片。
protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n．抗议，反对
protest against/about/at＝make a protest against...对……提出抗议 without protest顺从地 under protest不服气地；不甘心地；无奈地
(1)Tom stood there silently and accepted his punishment .
汤姆沉默地站在那里，顺从地接受了惩罚。
(2)She wrote a letter of apology but only .
她无奈之下写了一封致歉信。
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)在我看来，通过绝食来反抗你父母的决定似乎是不明智的。
①From my point of view，it seems unwise by hunger strike.(protest v．)
②From my point of view，it seems unwise by hunger strike.(protest n．)
defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守(defend vt.保卫；保护)
in defence of保护……；为了保卫……；为……辩护 defend...against/from(doing...)防御；保护……以免…… defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
(1)The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in (defend) of their country.
(2)A strategy was put forward at the meeting to defend the Lijiang River being polluted.
(3)When a dog was approaching，I picked up a stick to defend (I)．
(4)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。
①Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed like an arrow.(defend)
②Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed like an arrow.(defence)
consequence n．结果，后果；重要性(consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.所以；因此；结果)
as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故
(1)My car broke down and (consequence) I was late and was blamed by the boss.
(2)The warming of the Earth and the (consequence) climatic changes impact on us all.
(3)The unemployment rate has decreased .由于良好的政策，失业率下降了。
(4)(2020·全国Ⅰ)Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.As a result，he deserves our respect.
→Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. ，he deserves our respect.
come up with 想出，想到
come about发生，产生 come across偶遇，被理解；无意中发现 come out出版；开花；出现；结果是 come to共计，达到 come up升起；被提出；发生，发芽；走近 when it comes to...当谈到…… 注意：come up with为及物动词短语；come up为不及物动词短语。
用come的相关短语填空
(1)You would take things as they came.All you had to do was to think a little harder and a new solution.
(2)I an article on how to protect the species in danger of extinction the other day.
(3)It is said that the book about wildlife will next month.
(4)It will be so great watching the sun in the east.
(5) improving spoken English，my suggestion is that you should listen to and speak English as often as possible.
call for (公开)要求；需要
call up使回忆起；给……打电话 call in叫来；召来；召回 call off取消；停止 call on/upon拜访(某人)；号召 call at拜访(某个地点)
用call的相关短语填空
(1)(应用文写作之环境保护)A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，____________ us to protect our environment.
(2)The problem is that studying those species a lot of patience.
(3)I stared at these pictures on the wall，which memories of our class trip.
(4)The sports meeting has been due to the bad weather.
(5)Mr White was to my house after he finished his speech.
spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
make up one’s mind下定决心 change one’s mind改变主意 将……记在心中 fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于……
(1)Honesty and reliability are the two words that when people talk about the man.诚实和可靠是人们在谈到这个人时就会想到的两个词。
(2)(读后续写之人物特点描写)Once he to do something，nothing can .He will what he is doing until he achieves his goal.一旦他下定决心做某件事，什么都不能够改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情，直到实现目标。
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)First of all， at present your main task is to build up your body.首先，记住你目前的主要任务是增强你的体质。
get/be rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
rid...of...使……摆脱……；去除；清除 rid oneself of摆脱；从……中解脱
(1)To rid the world hunger，we should take measures to educate farmers first.
(2)After several years of hard work，she eventually rid (she) of poverty.
(3)(应用文写作之健康建议) like smoking and drinking alcohol is an important way to keep healthy.摆脱像抽烟、喝酒这样的坏习惯是保持健康的一种重要方式。
“so＋助动词＋主语”结构
教材原句 As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.随着人口的继续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。(P8)
本句中的so does the effect we have on animals是“so＋助动词＋主语”结构。 “so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”是一个倒装结构，表示前面的肯定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也一样；……也是”。 “neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”也是一个倒装结构，表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也不……”。 “so＋正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，意为“……的确如此”。 如果前一分句里有不同类型的谓语动词，那么后一分句要用so it is with...或it is the same with...，意为“……也一样”。
(1)Some experts protest against heavy industry.So .
一些专家反对重工业，当地居民也是如此。
(2)You can’t cancel the contract， .你不能取消合同，我也不能。
(3)—He looks very young.——他看起来很年轻。
— .——确实如此。
(4)Jerry enjoys singing，but he doesn’t like dancing. Mary/ Mary.杰瑞喜欢唱歌，但他不喜欢跳舞。玛丽也一样。
with 复合结构作状语
教材原句 With pollution levels on the rise，the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。(P12)
with复合结构作状语的构成： with＋宾语＋
(1)With the exams (approach)，the girl was a little nervous.
(2)With more and more forest (damage)，some wildlife is facing the danger of dying out.
(3)(应用文写作之求助信)With too much work (do)，I suffer from anxiety and can’t sleep well at night.
(4)(读后续写之场景描写)With ，we sit together and eat various mooncakes，sharing our stories.
美丽的月亮挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着各种月饼，分享我们的故事。
(5)(读后续写之心理描写)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.
→Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms， .(用with复合结构改写)
Ⅰ.一词多义
colour A.n.颜色，色彩 B.n.颜料，染料 C.n.趣味，乐趣 D.vt.为……着色 E.vt.影响
1．Her acting added warmth and colour to the production.
2．Don’t let your judgement be coloured by personal feelings.
3．I prefer to use water colours rather than oil paints.
4．He drew a monster and coloured it green.
5．The garden was filled with a mass of colour.
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．We need a new machine to process the mineral.
2．Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks.
Period 6
基础知识巩固
Ⅰ.1.Recycling 2.poisoned 3.poverty 4.profit
5．economic 6.consequences 7.habitats 8.protests
9．former 10.official
Ⅱ.1.entirely；entire 2.applicants；apply；applications
3．Recycling；recycled/recyclable 4.poisonous 5.official；officials；offices 6.profitable 7.poor；poverty 8.chemist；chemical；chemistry
Ⅲ.1.(that) she didn’t know me when we met in the street
2．To assist the students in learning Chinese better
3．it’s my honor to show you around
核心考点突破
1．(1)to (2)for；application (3)studying (4)apply to become a volunteer (5)take my application into account (6)applied some medicine to
2．(1)without protest (2)under protest (3)①to protest about/against/at your parents’ decision ②to make a protest against your parents’ decision
3．(1)defence (2)against/from (3)myself (4)①to defend his son ②in defence of his son
4．(1)consequently (2)consequent (3)as a consequence of/in consequence of the good policy (4)As a /In consequence
5．(1)come up with (2)came across (3)come out
(4)come up (5)When it comes to
6．(1)calling on (2)calls for (3)called up (4)called off (5)call at
7．(1)spring to mind (2)has made up his mind；change his mind；fix his mind on/upon (3)keep/bear in mind that
8．(1)of (2)herself (3)Getting rid of bad habits
9．(1)do local residents (2)neither/nor can I (3)So he does
(4)So it is with；It’s the same with
10．(1)approaching (2)damaged (3)to do (4)the beautiful moon in the sky (5)with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.1.C 2.E 3.B 4.D 5.A
Ⅱ.1.vt.加工，处理 2.vt.搅拌The Sky Railway
Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining. All this time, the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head. The words “railways like massive1 dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”．
...
The first landmark2 to catch my eye is the splendid3 Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost. L/ook！A group of Tibetan antelopes4 is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure5. Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.
...
The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world. In locations such as this, the thin air，changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. To make sure we stayed healthy, several oxygen-making stations were constructed. We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.
As we pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement. Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction6 waste. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries. Now, thanks to our efforts，passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves. It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”．
(节选自外研版新教材选择性必修第一册 Unit 6)
词汇积累
1．massive /'m s v/ adj.巨大的
2．landmark /'l ndmɑ k/ n．地标
3．splendid /'splend d/ adj.壮丽的
4．antelope /' nt l p/ n．羚羊
5．leisure /'le / n．空闲，闲暇
6．construction /k n'str k n/ n．建筑，建造
Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—
Reading comprehension
Ⅰ.匹配单词
1．survive A．a situation in which a plant，an animal，a way of life，etc.stops existing
2．damage B．in or to a lower position than sb/sth；under sb/sth
3．extinction C．to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time
4．towering D．to become impossible to see
5．disappear E．extremely tall or high and therefore impressive
6．beneath F．physical harm caused to sth which makes it less attractive，useful or valuable
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．The project about protecting wildlife had to be stopped a lack of funding.
2．Her mother taught her，and she taught her daughter.
3．It was the readers who a newspaper with their letters several years ago.
4．A tiny army of microorganisms will a jaguar’s body when it dies.
5．It may take a few weeks for you to your strength again.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A．The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world.
B．The Amazon rainforest gives the richest biodiversity on the Earth.
C．The Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure house on the Earth.
D．The Amazon rainforest is known as the“lungs of the planet”．
Ⅱ.悉层次结构
Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Plant biodiversity and levels of the rainforest.
Para.2 B．Animal biodiversity and food chain.
Para.3 C．Introduction to the Amazon rainforest.
Para.4 D．The rainforest’s value to the human race and threats to the rainforest.
Para.5 E．Basic information about the rainforest.
Step 2 细读——逐段获取细节
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What’s the function of paragraph 1
A．To emphasize the importance of the Amazon rainforest.
B．To explain why the Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure.
C．To state the status of the Amazon rainforest：the largest rainforest.
D．To lead into the following paragraphs.
2．Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals.
(1)How do you understand the underlined part
a sea of：
alive with：
(2)Paraphrase this sentence.
3．Which word can be used to replace the word “significant” in Para.1
A．Light. B．Small.
C．Important. D．Middle.
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Fill in the blanks.
The author writes about the ，the ，the and the of the Amazon rainforest.
2．How does the documentary script make clear the size of the Amazon rainforest and the length of the Amazon River
3．Who may be the target audience of this documentary Why
4．What does the word “They” refer to in Line 10
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．How does the author develop this paragraph
A．By listing numbers.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．Both A and B.
2．Complete the mind map about the different levels of the rainforest.
Ⅳ.Read Para.4 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．How does the author develop this paragraph
2．What can we learn from the fourth paragraph
A．Jaguars are only one element of the forest’s food chain.
B．Jaguars feed on less than 80 species.
C．Jaguars don’t eat frogs.
D．When a jaguar dies，its body won’t be broken down.
Ⅴ.Read Para.5 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What is the value of the rainforest to us
2．What rhetorical device is used in this paragraph
A．Metaphor(隐喻)．
B．Personification(拟人)．
C．Parallelism(排比)．
D．Simile(明喻)．
3．In the sentence “Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us.”(lines 33－34)，why “us” is used instead of “human beings” here
By using “us” instead of “human beings”，the author wants to emphasize that every one of us is for the damage to the .Therefore，all of us have a to play in protecting it.
4．What is the function of the question at the end of the passage
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To introduce ways to protect the Amazon rainforest.
C．To seek for answers to protect the Amazon rainforest.
D．To arouse people’s concern about the Amazon rainforest.
Ⅵ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises.
1．What type of writing is the passage
A．Narrative writing.
B．Exposition.
C．Argumentation.
D．Practical writing.
2．What is the purpose of this documentary script
A．To advertise the Amazon rainforest.
B．To popularize(科普) the Amazon rainforest.
C．To persuade readers to protect wildlife.
D．To call for our joint efforts to protect the Amazon rainforest.
3．What is the author’s attitude towards the Amazon rainforest
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
Step 3 读后——讨论深度理解
1．What makes the Amazon rainforest a natural treasure？(Creative thinking)
2．What is your answer to the question at the end of the script？(Critical thinking)
Step 4 总结——课文语法填空
The Amazon rainforest,1. is the largest rainforest in the world，plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,2. (include) Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France.The Amazon River is close to 6,400 kilometres in 3. (long)．Of the 390,000 plant species 4. (know) to humans，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels support 5. unbelievable variety of wildlife.Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of 6.________ (live) things.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and 7.____________ (produce) over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Thus,8. is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．However，over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest 9. (disappear) due to human activities.As a result，we have to think about the question whether we can afford 10. (damage) the “lungs of the planet”．
Step 5 解读——长句难句分析
1．The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries，including Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France，all on the South American continent.
[句式分析] 此句是 句，其中including是介词，意指“ ”；若将此句改为Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France (include)，空处应填 。all on the South American continent是 作状语。
[自主翻译]
2．The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
[句式分析] 此句是 句，其中from which the rainforest gets its name是“介词＋which”引导的 定语从句，修饰先行词 。
[自主翻译]
3．While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
[句式分析] 此句是 句，While引导 从句，意为“ ”。
[自主翻译]
4．As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
[句式分析] 此句为 句。As引导 从句；we are left with a question 是 ；can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”作a question的 。
[自主翻译]
Period 1
读前清障
Ⅰ.1.C 2.F 3.A 4.E 5.D 6.B
Ⅱ.1.due to 2.in turn 3.breathed life into 4.break down
5．build up
精读课文 Step 1
Ⅰ.C
Ⅱ.Para.1 C Para.2 E Para.3 A Para.4 B Para.5 D
Step 2
Ⅰ.1.D
2．(1)a lot of；plenty of be full of living or moving things
(2)Welcome to the jungle，in which there are plenty of green plants and you can hear various sounds of animals.
3．C
Ⅱ.1.location size name biodiversity
2．By making comparisons with familiar places or objects.
3．It may target Chinese people.Because the author makes comparisons with China and the Yangtze River to make the audience understand the Amazon rainforest better.
4．Different ecosystems supported by the Amazon River.
Ⅲ.1.D
2．(1)the mass of leaf litter (2)shorter plants with large leaves (3)towering ancient hardwoods (4)the tops of the tallest trees
Ⅳ.1.By giving examples. 2.A
Ⅴ.1.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.
2．A 3.responsible rainforest part/role 4.D
Ⅵ.1.B 2.D 3.C
Step 4
1．which 2.including 3.length 4.known 5.an 6.living
7．producing 8.it 9.has disappeared 10.to damage
Step 5
1．简单 包含，包括 included 独立主格结构 亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。
2．复合 非限制性 The Amazon River 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。
3．复合 让步状语 虽然，尽管 尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链的一环。
4．复合 时间状语 主句 同位语 随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？Period 4 Integrated skills
教材听力训练 (见课堂授课课件)
Activity 1 细节把握
1．Figure out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
2.What is the main idea of the news report
Activity 2 文章架构
Fill in the mind map.
Activity 3 增分靓句
Find sentences describing harm done to animals.
Activity 4 写作模板
When we write an article calling on people to protect animals，we can use the following outline.
Beginning
State the purpose of the writing
Body
The importance of animals
(1)Provide food and medicine for us
(2)Play a significant role in maintaining the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem
Harm done to animals
(1)Human activities that harm animals directly
(2)Human activities that harm animals indirectly
Ways to protect animals
(1)Pass animal protection laws(the government)
(2)Spread the knowledge about animal protection(the media)
(3)Offer optional courses(schools)
(4)Reduce the use of water and paper(individuals)
Ending
Call for action and describe a positive result
本单元的写作任务是给校报写一篇关于保护动物的文章。写此类文章时要注意以下三个方面：
1．说明动物对人类的重要性；
2．介绍动物的生存现状；
3．提出保护动物的措施。
常用表达
一、写作常用词汇
1．in danger of处于……的危险中
2．extinction灭绝，绝种
3．with the development of随着……的发展
4．take measures采取措施
5．protect...from...保护……免于……
6．a wise choice一个明智的选择
7．lead to/contribute to促成；导致
8．live in peace with与……和平相处
二、写作常用句式
1．As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
2．Animals are very important to humans and they live together with us on the Earth.
动物对人类非常重要，它们和我们一起生活在地球上。
3．If there are no animals on the Earth，we can’t survive at all.
如果地球上没有动物，我们根本无法生存。
4．However，some people don’t know the importance of protecting them.
然而，有些人不知道保护它们的重要性。
5．Hunters kill them for food，or just for fun，which has brought many animals close to extinction.
猎人捕杀它们是为了食物，或只是为了好玩，这使许多动物濒临灭绝。
6．Thus，we should make our efforts to do whatever we can to protect animals.
因此，我们应该努力尽我们所能保护动物。
7．If we can do the things above，I believe we can live in harmony with animals.
如果我们能做到以上几点，我相信我们能与动物和谐相处。
假如你是李华，上周末去某个岛上游玩，看见了很多可爱的动物，听岛上的一位老人说，现在野生动物的数量日益减少，如果不采取措施，有些动物可能会灭绝。回来后你给校报写信，就保护野生动物提出一些建议。
注意：开头和结尾已给出。
第一步 审题谋篇
审题
写作要求是给校报写信，分析动物的生存现状，号召大家保护动物。写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一封书信。写作时注意书信的格式。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：由于是分析一个客观事实，提出号召，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：说明野生动物对人类的重要性。
第二段：分析野生动物的生存现状。
第三段：提出保护野生动物的建议。
第二步 遣词造句
核心词汇
1．尽某人最大努力
2．处于……的危险中
3．获利
4．另外
5．因为，由于
6．结果
7．采取措施
连词成句
1．动物是我们的朋友，它们对我们的世界非常重要。
Animals are our friends .
2．人类活动已经破坏了一些动物的栖息地。
some animals’ habitats.
3．另外，有些野生动物因为恶劣的气候而死去。
due to the terrible climate.
4．我们该采取一些措施来保护野生动物了。
some measures to protect the wild animals.
5．让地球成为适合野生动物生存的地方是我们的职责。
the earth a nice place for the wild animals to live in.
第三步 句式升级
1．用定语从句改写句1
2．用强调句型改写句2
3．用虚拟语气改写句4
第四步 组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
范文赏读
Dear Sir/Madam，
Animals are our friends，which are very important to our world.We should try our best to protect them.
However，some wild animals are in danger of extinction.It is human activities that have damaged some animals’ habitats.Some hunters kill them to make a profit.In addition，some wild animals have died due to the terrible climate.As a consequence，many rare wild animals have disappeared from the earth.
It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the wild animals.The government should make some laws to protect them.It is our duty to make the earth a nice place for the wild animals to live in.
Yours，
Li Hua
假定你是李华，你所生活的城市周围有很多动植物正逐渐减少，对此，请你为你们学校校报写一篇呼吁大家保护野生动植物的文章。内容包括：
1．野生动植物的现状；
2．分析造成许多野生动植物濒临灭绝的原因及应采取的措施；
3．提出希望。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Period 4
细读文本 Activity 1
1．Para.1：Humans are the most fearsome hunters who have the greatest impact on animal populations.
Para.2：Hunting and fishing have directly influenced the world’s animal populations.
Para.3：Human activities have indirect effects on animals.
2．Human activities cause increasing harm to animals.
Activity 2
1．Human activities 2.Direct 3.food 4.fashion 5.fun
6．Indirect 7.habitats 8.light pollution
Activity 3
(1)Human activities have brought many animals close to extinction.
(2)When we build farms or factories，we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere to live，or no food to eat.
(3)As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.
写作实践 第二步 遣词造句 核心词汇
1．try one’s best 2.in danger of 3.make a profit 4.what’s more/in addition 5.due to 6.as a consequence/result
7．take measures
连词成句
1．and they are very important to our world
2．Human activities have damaged
3．In addition，some wild animals have died
4．It is time for us to take
5．It is our duty to make
第三步 句式升级
1．Animals are our friends，which are very important to our world.
2．It is human activities that have damaged some animals’ habitats.
3．It is time that we took/should take some measures to protect the wild animals.
达标检测 参考范文
With the development of cities，wildlife’s living areas are becoming smaller and smaller.They not only have little to eat，but also may be killed by human beings.Personally，these species of wildlife are important part of our life.More measures should be taken to protect them from being hurt.To begin with，more laws must be made to stop people from cutting down trees.What’s more，all the factories must clean the waste water before it is poured into rivers or lakes.Last but not least，more reserves should be set up so that wild animals can live safely.
I hope these measures will make us live in harmony with wildlife.
