外研版八年级下册Module 2Experiences 知识总结及练习（无答案）

M2 Unit 1 I’ve also entered lots of speaking competitions
Tony: Hi, Lingling. What are you doing Lingling: I’m entering a competition. Tony: What kind of competition Lingling: A speaking competition. Tony: Great. It’ll help you improve your speaking. And maybe you will win a prize. Lingling: Yes, the first prize is “My dream holiday”. Tony: Have you ever won any prizes before Lingling: No, I haven’t. I’ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday. But I can’t afford it. The plane tickets are too expensive. Tony: Well, good luck! I’ve also entered lots of speaking competitions, but haven’t won any prizes. I’ve stopped trying now. Lingling: Look! Here’s a writing competition. Around the World in 80 Days. To win it, you need to write a short story about a place you’ve visited. Tony: That sounds wonderful, but I’ve never travelled a lot. How can I write about it Lingling: Don’t worry. It doesn’t need to be true! You can make it up. Tony: That’s interesting, I’ll try. I hope I will win, then I will invite you to come with me. Lingling: Sorry! The first prize is only the book called Around the World in 80 Day! enter V. 参加 通常加名词 [拓展用法1] take part in指参加群众性活动、会议 join in多指参加小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语 join多指加入人，组织，团体 2)enter v. 进入 = go into e.g. enter the classroom = go into the classroom competition n. 比赛,竞争 compete v. 竞争,比赛，对抗 compete against/with sb. 和……竞争 compete for sth. 为……竞争 kind n.种类(可数)； kind adj. 善良的 a kind of 一种 all kinds of ... 各种各样的 different kinds of ... 不同种类的 [拓展用法]kind of + adj.= a bit / a little有点儿稍微 speaking adj. 演讲的 n.说话，演讲 an English-speaking country 一个说英语的国家 speak (spoke, spoken)v. 说话，演讲 speak to sb. 对……说话 spoken adj. 口头的 spoken English 英语口语 win (won, won)vt.赢得 winner n. 赢家 win VS beat win 后面接 game, match, prize, race 等 beat 后面接某人或某队伍 be on a holiday 也表示去度假,强调状态. go on a holiday .去度假,强调动作 afford sth. 负担得起某物;买得起某物 afford to do sth. 负担得起去做某事
dream adj. 理想的 v.梦想;做梦 n.梦想，愿望;梦 dream of doing sth. 梦想做…… make one's dream come true使某人的梦想成真 daydream n. 白日梦 v. 做白日梦 before 以前. 从过去起的若干时间以前, 距过去某时…以前,常和完成时连用 ago ,从现在起的若干时间以前 跟今…以前,常用于过去时态中 write about编写,写作 注意:代词放在write about 后 = make up 注意:代词放在make up 中间 worry about焦虑;担心= be worried about invite v.邀请 ; invitation n. 邀请 invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 invite sb to sp.邀请某人去某地 hope v.希望 hope to do sth希望做某事
Unit 2 They have seen the Pyramids.
Mike Robinson is a fifteen–year-old American boy and his sister Clare is fourteen. At the moment, Mike and Clare are in Cairo in Egypt, one of the biggest and busiest cites in Africa. They moved here with their parents two years ago. Their father, Peter, works for a very big company. The company has offices in many countries, and it has sent Peter to work in Germany, France and China before. Peter usually stays in a country for about two years. Then the company moves him again. His family always goes with him. The Robinsons love seeing the world. They have been to many interesting places. For example, in Egypt, they have seen the Pyramids, travelled on a boat on the Nile River, and visited the palaces and towers of ancient kings and queens. Mike and Clare have also begun to learn the language of the country, Arabic. This language is different from English in many ways, and they find it hard to spell and pronounce the words. However, they still enjoy learning it. So far they have learnt to speak German, French, Chinese and Arabic. Sometimes they mix the languages. “It’s really fun,” said Clare. The Robinsons are moving again. The company has asked Peter to work back in the US. Mike and Clare are happy about this. They have friends all over the world, but they also miss their friends in the US. They are counting down the days. 数-year-old:…岁的…… 注意:其后必须有:名词 ... years old :…岁:注意:其后不能加:名词,常放在be后使用 an eight-year-old girl : 一个8岁的女孩 one of the +最高级+可数名词复数:在……中最……的之一 [拓展用法] one of 做主语，谓语动词用单数 move v. 搬家 move to +地点:搬到某地 move into 搬进 move out of搬出;脱离;摆脱 move v.使人感动(尤指感伤) be moved by sb./sth.被…感动 moving adj.，令人感动的 moved adj.感动的 send v. 派遣去;命令……去;发送 send sb. to do sth.:派遣某人去做某事 发送某物给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. Germany n. 德国 拓展用法:German adj.德国的;德语的，德国人的 n.德语;德国人 注意:德国人的复数是:Germans the +姓氏复数 ……一家人;……夫妇 注意:该结构做主语时，谓语用复数形式 be different from ,与… 不同, 其反义:the same as .与…一样. interested adj. 感兴趣的，常以人做主语 be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣 be interested to do sth.对做…感兴趣 interesting adj. 有趣的，常以物做主语 interest n.兴趣 place(s) of interest:名胜古迹 have/ take (an) interest in doing sth.对做……有兴趣
mix v. 相混合;融合 [拓展用法]:mix A with B把A和B混合在一起 mix sth. up 混合或搀和某物 mixture n. 混合物 fun adj. 有趣的;使人快乐的 [拓展用法] fun n. 乐趣;快乐 真有趣! What fun! have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩的开心 have fun (in) doing sth. 做……很开心 funny adj. 有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的 be happy about/with ... = be pleased/satisfied with ... 对……感到高兴，满足 [拓展用法] be happy to do sth. 乐于做…… miss v. 怀念;想念;惦念 [拓展用法] miss v.错过;未击中 ask sb. to do sth .要求某人做某事 a sk sb. not to do sth .要求某人不做某事 count down 倒数 count v.数 count on 依靠，依赖 = depend on how long 提问多长时间，常用回答:for+时间段，for可省 [拓展用法1] how soon :多久之后(常用于一般将来时)回答:in+时间段 how often 回答:频度副词等 how many times 回答:次数 how far 回答:路程 have been to some place 去过某地(已回) have gone to 到某地去了,(去了未回). have been in 已经在某地待了多长时间,常与一段时间连用.
语法：现在完成时
构成 : 现在完成时是由“助动词have(has）+动词的过去分词”构成
用法:
（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在产生了某种影响或造成了某种结果。句中常有just, already, yet等副词修饰。(注意与一般过去时的区别)
Have you had lunch yet 你已经吃过午饭了吗？ Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我刚刚吃过。
（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。句中常有for（+时间段）或since（+时间点）引导的表示时间的状语。（注意与现在进行时态和过去进行时态的区别）
He has taught here since 1981.
表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，一般意为汉语“.......过”，常带有twice, ever, never，three times等时间状语。
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
句型转变
1)变否定句
主语+haven't/ hasn't+过去分词+其他
2) 变一般疑问句： have / has +主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes，主语+have/has. 否定回答:No，主语+haven't/hasn't.
3)特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
现在完成时的常见时间标志词
【总结]现在完成时的常见时间标志词有ever, yet, before, so far 等。
语法专项练习
一、单项选择
1. ---Have you ____watched the film Zootopia ---Yes, I really enjoy it.
A. still B.yet C. never D.ever
2. Don't return the book to Betty, for I ____ it.
A. won't read B. don't read C. wasn't reading D.haven't read
3. I don't feel very well, Jack. I'm afraid you. me your cold.
A. have given B. gave C. would give D. give
4. Tony isn't going to the cinema with us because he the film twice.
A. sees B. is seeing C. will see D.has seen
5. Prison Break is the best American TVplay that I ____these years.
A.watch B. will watch C.have watched D. was watching
6. Monica, you____the exam! Congratulations(祝贺)!
A. pass B.have passed C. will pass D. are passing
7. --Where is Mingming now
--She is not here. She to Beijing
A. is going B.has gone C. has been D. will go
8. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him.
A.knew B.have known C. must know D. will know
9. Everyone except Tom and Mike __Kunming before.
A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to
10. ---Have you seen the latest film __
---Yes. I have ______seen it with my friends. A. just; already B.yet; already C. just; yet D. already; yet