牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Back to the past Grammar and Usage 学案 （含答案）

Unit 3 Back to the past
Grammar and Usage & Integrated Skills
学习目标
1. 掌握本节生词、短语的表达与运用。
2. 学会表语从句用法、掌握写作技巧。
3. 通过课堂练习，对课文内容有更深入的了解。
知识运用
1. sort out
意思_____________
sort...into...把......整理成….
all sorts of ( =all kinds of)各种各样的
sort of (=kind of)有几分;有一点
练习：can you sort ______ the tickets for tomorrow
2. available
词性 _______________ 意思_____________
be available for sth(某物)可以用于某事物
be available to sb/sth让某人可用/让某物找得到
练习：Will she be ___________(available) this afternoon
3. exceptional
词性 _______________ 意思_____________
with the exception of...除……之外;不包括……在内
without exception 一律;无一例外
except that/when...除了......(后接从句)
练习：The flesh of this kind of fish is an ___________( exceptional) delicacy.
4. adopt
词性 _______________ 意思_____________
adopted adj.领养的;收养的
adoption n.[C,]收养;领养 [U]采用;采纳
练习：Paul's mother had him _________(adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.
语法解析
表语从句
1.表语从句的用法
引导表语从句的连接词有连接代词who / whom / whose / which / what，连接副词when / where / why / how 以及that，whether，as if/as though，because 等。
（1）that引导表语从句
that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。
The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
一般的定律是，（气候）温和的地区语言种类相对较少，通常说这些语言的人很多，而炎热、潮湿的地区语言种类很多，通常说这些语言的人很少。
（2）whether引导表语从句
whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if不能引导表语从句。
The question is whether we can rely on him. 问题是我们能否信任他。
（3）as if/as though/because引导表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词 look，seem，sound，be，become等后面。because引导的表语从句常见于"This/That/It is/was because..."句型中。
It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.
看起来好像即将来临的秋收甚至比去年还好。
（4）连接代词引导表语从句
连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还可充当主语、表语、宾语等成分。
"Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea." This is what my mother used to tell me.
“每次吃甜食时要喝绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的。
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
（5）连接副词引导表语从句
连接副词where，when，why，how引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还分别充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语。
That's where I can't agree with you. 那是我不同意你的地方。
练习：1.The reason why I’m calling you is ________ I want to invite you to my birthday party.
A. which B. what C. that D. why
2.See the flags on top of the building That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
3.Air pollution is ________ most Chinese people are concerned about nowadays, because their health is being threatened.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
4.What surprised Mr. Lee most was, I think, _____ Clement had done his work neatly and correctly.
A. when B. what C. which D. that
5.The reason ______ he missed school this morning was _______ he had to look after his sick mother
A.why; because B.why; that C.which; because D.which; that
写作技巧
写书评
1.文体介绍
书评作为一种重要的写作文体,主要指对书籍或文学作品进行介绍和评论的文章。要想写好书评,须联系作家的写作背景和写作风格,可以从介绍、梗概、评价三个方面展开。
2.篇章结构
(1)书评的开端应先对书的名字、作者及作品影响力等基本信息进行简要介绍。
(2)书评的正文部分应对作品的故事梗概(小说类作品应包括:时间、地点、人物、故事情节和结局等信息)、主题思想等进行一定的介绍和交代比如,书的写作背景是什么,书的关键信息是什么,或者评论家/读者认为这本书怎么样
(3)书评的尾段应对作品进行客观公正的评论可从作者的写作手法着手,或对作品中主人公的命运和性格特征进行评论,还可以是读者个人阅读之后学到的道理或对本书的推荐。
3.常用表达
(1)作品类型
poetry(诗歌);anthology( 选集);biography(传记);autobiography(自传);drama( 戏剧);novel(小说);science fiction (科幻小说); fantasy literature(奇幻文学);detective novel/story (侦探小说);adventure novel/story(冒险小说);comedy(喜剧作品);documentary works (纪实作品);essay (散文;随笔;杂文);romantic novel/story(爱情小说);tragedy(悲剧)。
(2)写作背景
the background of the story is set in...故事的背景设在.....
the story is about...故事是关于......
the story is concerned with...故事是关于......
he story is characterized by...故事以……为特征
most readers are impressed by...……给多数读者轻人留下了深刻印象
(3)评价
humorous(幽默的);moving/touching(感人的);exciting(使人兴奋的;令人激动的);touching and educational(感人且有教育意义的);excellent(优秀的;卓越的);extraordinary(非凡的;特别的;非常奇特的);philosophical(达观的;有哲理的)amusing(有趣的;好玩的;逗人笑的;thought-provoking(引人深思的);interesting(有趣的);inspiring(鼓舞人心的)。
First, the plot of the story is indirect and attractive/appealing.首先故事情节曲折、引人入胜。
This character shows her versatility as a princess. And her bravery also encourages other people to be more courageous. In short, it's an excellent work
这个角色展现了她作为公主的多才多艺。而且她的勇敢也鼓舞着其他人更勇敢。总之,这是一部优秀的作品。
练习：假定你校英语角正在举办“我最喜欢的一本书”主题征文活动,目的是向同学们推荐值得一读的书,鼓励同学们去发现阅读的快乐。现在请你就读过的一本书写一篇 80 词左右的书评。要点如下:
1.基本信息;
2.故事梗概、主题思想等;
3.评价或感受
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
知识运用
1. out
2. available
3. exceptional
4. adopted
语法解析
1.答案：C
解析：考查固定句型和表语从句。句意：我打电话给你的原因是我想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。The reason why...is that...是固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，其中why引导限制性定语从句，that引导表语从句。故选C项。
2.答案：D
解析：考查表语从句。句意：看到大楼顶上的旗子了吗？这就是我们今天早上所做的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少表语从句连接词, 而且要在句中作did的宾语, 应使用what引导，指代“所做的事情”。故选D。
3.答案：A
解析：分析句子可知，该题考查表语从句的引导词。A.what什么，所……；B.that无实义；C.how如何，怎样；D.which哪一个。该空后______ most Chinese people are concerned about nowadays是表语从句，从句中介词about后缺宾语，所以用连接代词what来引导。故选：A。
4.答案：D
解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是表语从句,从句句意完整,也不缺成分,故用that。
5.答案：B
解析：分析句式可知, _____ he missed school this morning是定语从句,修饰先行词the reason,在从句中缺少状语所以用why引导;第二空放在was后是表语从句,在该从句中不缺成分,所以用that引导,没有意思但是不能去掉。
写作技巧
Meeting an alien
Of all the books I've read, I like Oliver Twist written by Charles Dickens best. This story is set in London, telling the tragic life experience of an orphan named Oliver. However, no matter how hard the situation was, he always held good hope and kindness. Therefore, he got help from many kind people and finally got happiness.
Moved by this inspirational story, I think whatever happens to us, we should never lose hope kindness or bravery, because these are the motivation that can inspire us to go on.
That is why I strongly recommend that all of you read this masterpiece and it will greatly benefit you