Unit 1 What's the matter? 单元语法精讲与练习 人教版八年级英语下册（无答案）

Unit1 What’s the matter
语法链接
情态动词should的用法
一、情态动词should的基本用法
情态动词should意为“应该；应当”，用来表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独做谓语，必须和后面的动词一起构成谓语。
二、含有情态动词should的句式变化
（1）．肯定句式：主语＋should＋动词原形＋其他.
You should read his new book.你应该读一读他的新书。
（2）．否定句式：主语＋should＋not＋动词原形＋其他.
You shouldn’t eat anything.你不应该吃任何东西。
（3）．一般疑问句式：Should＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
Should I trust him？我应该相信他吗？
（4）．特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋should＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
When should we go？ 我们应该什么时候去？
三、特殊用法
should 和 ought to， be supposed/ expected to是同义表达。如：
You should/ought to listen to your parents.
=You are supposed/expected to listen to your parents.你应该听你父母的话。
反身代词
一、反身代词的构成
第一、二人称的反身代词由形容词物主代词加后缀-self或-selves构成，第人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加缀-self或-selves构成。
数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself 他自己， herself 她自己， itself 它自己
复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己
注意：不定代词one的反身代词为oneself .
二、反身代词的用法
反身代词在句中做宾语和表语，一般不能做主语。
1．反身代词做宾语。
反身代词可放在及物动词（短语）或介词的后面做宾语，常见的搭配有：
enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快
teach oneself sth. =learn sth. by oneself 自学
introduce oneself介绍自己
dress oneself自己穿衣服
help oneself to sth.请自用……（随便吃／喝些……）
hurt oneself伤了某人自己
lose oneself（in）沉溺于
by oneself单独，独自
for oneself亲自
2．反身代词做表语
反身代词放在be动词，feel，look，seem等系动词之后做表语，可以用来描述身体或精神状态。
The poor boy in the story was myself.故事里的可怜男孩就是我自己。
3.难点突破
反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
I myself did it.＝I did it myself.我自己做到了。
【语法精讲】
1.单项填空
1.（2022黔东南州中考）When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day , they _______be looked after well by us .
A. should B. shouldn’t C. may D. may not
2. (2022常州中考) To achieve our dream , we _______rest on what we have done .
A. may not B. should not C. need not D. could not
3. (2022凉山州中考) Nobody taught the old man how to play with Tik Tok . He taught _______.
A. myself B. himself C. herself
4. (2022自贡中考) –What can we learn from Robinson Crusoe
-We should depend on_______.
A. us B. our C. ourselves
5. (武威中考) We_______ try our best to fight against pollution .
A. should B. may C. mustn’t D. needn’t
6. (吉林中考) My mother made some zongzi by_______ on the Dragon Boat Festival .
A. she B. hers C. herself
7. (株洲中考) We_______ carry forward the spirit of serving the people wholeheartedly .
A. might B. should C. could
8. (株洲中考) Don’t play with the knife , or you’ll cut _______.
A. itself B. yourself C. himself
9. (十堰中考)When I face difficulties , I always say to _______, “Never give up !”
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
10. (云南中考) –I’ve got a toothache , mom .
-Oh , you_______ eat too much candy .
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. should D. need
二、句型转换
1. I should trust him .(改为否定句)
I _______ _______ him .
2. They should eat more healthy food .(对画线部分提问)
_______ _______ they _______
3. He should have a talk with Mr. Smith .(改为一般疑问句)
_______ he _______ a talk with Mr. Smith
4. They had fun at the party .(同义句转换)
They _______ _______ at the party .
5. He teaches himself English. (同义句转换)
He_______ English _______ _______ .
Unit 1语法要点链接+单元练习
SECTION A
What’s the matter？怎么了？
What’s the matter意为“怎么了？/出什么事了？”，常用于询问某人的病情或有什么不好的事，也可用于询问某物出了什么故障。
“What’s the matter with...？”相当于“What’s wrong with...？”或“What’s the trouble with...？”，其后可接人也可接物，表示“某人／某物怎么了？”。
What's the matter with Li Lei
=What's wrong with Li Lei
＝What’s the trouble with Li Lei？ 李雷怎么了？
【注意】
询问病情的答语用：“主语＋have/has＋a＋病症”或“名词＋hurt（s）”。
-What’s the matter with you？你怎么了？
-I have a toothache.
【要点拓展】matter的用法：
n.问题，事情 与定冠词the连用。What’s the matter？怎么了？
v.要紧；有关系 It doesn’t matter.没关系。 用来作为对别人歉意的回答。
【例题】
-I’m sorry , Bill . I took your notebook by mistake .
-_______. They look almost the same .
A. You’re not right B. It doesn’t matter
C. I hope not D. I’m not sure
I have a cold．我感冒了。
have a cold意为“感冒”，其中have在此处为及物动词，意为“患病”，可与get或catch互换。cold前可用heavy等词修饰。
My mother had/caught a bad cold. 妈妈患了重感冒。
【固定搭配】
表示“患病”的相关短语：
（1）have a＋疾病
have a cold感冒
have a fever发烧
have a cough咳嗽
（2）have a＋身体部位-ache
have a headache头痛
have a toothache 牙痛
have a stomachache 胃痛；腹痛
（3）have a sore＋身体部位
have a sore throat喉咙痛
have a sore back 背痛
foot的用法
foot为可数名词，意为“脚；足”。复数形式为feet。
Not all the animals have feet.不是所有的动物都有脚。
He always goes to school on foot.他总是步行去上学。
【要点拓展】
（1）foot做名词，还意为“底部；基础”。
They live at the foot of the mountain.他们住在山脚下。
（2）foot做名词，意为“英尺”。其复数形式是feet或foot。
He is six feet／foot tall.他有六英尺高。
【固定搭配】
on foot步行
at the foot of...在……的脚下
She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water.她昨天说话太多了，又没有喝足够的水。
too much意为“太多的”，修饰不可数名词或动词。
Eating too much meat can make you unhealthy.吃太多的肉会使你不健康。
【要点辨析】too much, much too, too many, so much, so many
短语 意义 关键词 修饰词语 例子
too much 太多的 much 不可数名 词或动词 too much milk 太多的牛奶 eat too much 吃得太多
much too 太…… too 形容词或副词 much too cold 太冷
too many 太多的 many 可数名词复数 too many questions 太多的问题
so much 如此多 much 不可数名词 so much salt 这么多盐
so many 如此多 many 可数名词复数 so many people 这么多人
【例题】
Jim , you’d better not spend ________ time on your mobile phone .
A. too many B. too much C. much too
lie down and rest 躺下休息
lie意为“躺；平躺”。lie down 表示“躺下”，
If you don't feel well, go and lie down.如果你感到不舒服，就去躺下。
【要点辨析】lay ,lie
单词 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lay v.产（卵）；下（蛋）；放置 laid laid laying
lie v.躺；位于 lay lain lying
lie v.说谎；n.谎言 lied lied lying
If the hen does not prate, she will not lay.不叨叨的母鸡不下蛋。
The city of Sansha lies in the south of China.三沙市位于中国南部。
I can’t believe she lied to me.我无法相信她对我撒谎。
【固定搭配】
lie down 躺下；tell a lie说谎；撒谎；lie about sth. to sb.就某事对某人撒谎。
【易考点】
lie的现在分在分词lying是易考点。
The children are lying on the lawn.孩子们正躺在草坪上。
【例题】
The hen stopped ________ eggs .
A. lays B. lying C. laying D. laid
drink some hot tea with honey 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶
hot tea with honey 是一个名词短语，中心词为tea，介词短语 with honey 做后置定语，修饰hot tea，此处with表示某物带有或具有某种特征，相当于having，which has。
There is a big house with a beautiful garden near the park.公园附近有一座带有美丽花园的大房子。
Tom is an English boy with short and curly hair.汤姆是一个头发短而卷曲的英国男孩。
【要点拓展】
“with＋名词十介词短语”在句中做伴随状语，强调主语的状态。
The teacher came in with a book under her arm.老师胳膊下夹着书走了进来。
With a smile on her face, she came in.她面带微笑走了进来。
【特殊考点】
当主语后含有with，together with，along with时，谓语动词的形式与前面的主语部分一致。
He with his friends is going to visit Summer Palace tomorrow.明天他和他的朋友要一起去参观颐和园。
【例题】
(彬州中考)-What would you like to drink , Joe
-I’d like a cup of coffee ______milk , please . I like the taste .
A. in B. with C. from
take your temperature 量体温
temperature 做名词，意为“温度；气温；体温”。
【固定搭配】take one’s temperature量体温。
The nurse took my temperature .
【注意】
形容温度高或低用 high 和low。对温度进行提问用what，不用how many或 how much。
What's the temperature in Beijing now？现在北京的气温是多少？
If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow，then go to a doctor.如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话，就去看医生吧。
【句子结构分析】 if条件状语从句放前，后用逗号与主句then go to a doctor隔开。主句是一个祈使句。
If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow
↓
if引导的条件状语从句
, then go to a doctor.
↓
主句（祈使句）
if的用法
if表示“如果”，引导的条件状语从句中，若主句、从句的动作均未发生，则主句用一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子，从句都用一般现在时代替一般将来时（“主将从现”）。
We won't go out if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我们就不出去了。
【要点拓展】若if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时，根据句子意思确定相应的时态，if后可用一般将来时
I don't know if he will come to the party tomorrow. If he comes, I will tell you. 我不知道他明天是否会来参加聚会。如果他来，我就告诉你。
【例题】（百色中考）I don't know if it ________ tomorrow, but if it_______, I'll stay at home.
A. will rain; rains
B. will rain; will rain
C. rains; will rain
D. rains; rains
【hurt的用法】
hurt v.（使）疼痛；受伤。hurt 的过去式、过去分词均为hurt。
He hurt his back when he fell.他跌倒时伤了背。（He got a pain in the back.）
【注意】身体受伤重用badly修饰。语言、感情受到创伤用 deeply等修饰。
Her left leg was badly hurt while climbing the mountain.她在爬山时左腿受了重伤。
Your words deeply hurt her.你的话深深伤害了她。
【要点拓展】hurt n.伤痛；伤害；创伤。hurt adj.受伤的，相当于injured。
【固定搭配】hurt oneself自己受伤，get hurt 伤（hurt做形容词）。
At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No.2going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road．昨天上午九点，26路公交车着中华路行驶，这时司机看到路边躺着一位老人。
see sb. doing sth. 的用法（高频考点）
see sb. doing sth.结构，表示“看到某人正在做某事”，该结构中doing sth.是现在分词短语，做动词的宾语补足语。
I saw Lisa playing tennis with Mik 我看到莉萨正在和迈克打网球。
【要点辨析】 see sb. doing sth.，see sb.do sth.
see sb.doing sth. 表示“看到某人正在做某事”，此时强调动作正在发生。
see sb.do sth. 表示“看到某人做某事”，此时强调动作经常发生，或看到某事发生的全过程。
I often see the old lady water flowers in the garden.
=The old lady is often seen to water the flowers in the garden by me.我经常看到那位老妇人在花园里浇花。
【要点拓展】
hear, watch,notice等表示感官的动词也和see有相同的用法。
hear／watch／notice sb.doing sth.表示“听见／看到／注意到某人正在做某事”；
hear／watch／notice sb.do sth.表示“听见／看到／注意到某人做某事”。
We watched them playing basketball.我们看到他们在打篮球。
【例题】（2022·龙东中考）I saw Lily______ when I passed her room.
A .dance B. dancing C. to dance
The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice．
公交车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫地停下了车。
think twice 表示“三思而行；再三考虑；谨慎考虑”。
Think twice before you have a child.生孩子之前要三思。
【要点拓展】 think twice before you do sth.做某事之前你要三思；
think twice before doing sth.做某事之前要三思。
Think twice before doing anything rash.不要草率行事。／要三思而行。
【要点辨析】24-year-old,24 years old,24-year-olds
24-year-old 24岁的 复合形容词，做定语。数词和year之间用连词符“-”连接。 year只能用单数形式。
24 years old 24岁 在句中做表语，无连词符。 2岁或2岁以上year用复数形式。
24-year-olds 24岁的人 表示“······岁的人”。 做主语，old 加-s。
Mr. Green has an 8-year-old daughter.格林先生有一个8岁的女儿。
His brother is 20 years old．他哥哥20岁。
Eighteen-year-olds should know what they can do and what they can’t do.年满十八岁的人应该懂得什么事情能做，什么事情不能做。
【注意】 复合形容词中的名词用单数。
five-kilometer-long bridge 五千米长的桥，two-hour walk＝two hours’ walk走路两小时的路程，seven-day holiday＝seven days’ holiday七天的假期。
He got off and asked the woman what happened.他下了公交车，问那位女士发生了什么事。
get off意为“下车”，多指从公交车／火车／飞机上下来，其反义词组为get on“上车”。
Lucy is getting on the bus while I am getting off.当我下公交车时，露西正在上车。
【固定搭配】常见的“get＋介词／副词”的短语有：
get on 上车 get off 下车 get out 出去 get to 到达 get up 起床； 起来
get down 下来； 写下 get back 回来； 返回 get into 参与；陷入
get over 恢复，克服（困难） get away 离开； 逃脱
【例题】
（2022·恩施州中考）It’s good to help the people in need to______ the bus if necessary.
A. get up B. get off C. get well
happen做动词，意为“发生”。强调偶然性，为短暂性动词，不与一段时间连用。
【happen的用法】
sth.+happen ＋地点／时间 某地／某时发生了某事
happen sth.+happen 某人发生某事
sb.+happen +to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.他期望大多数或所有的乘客下车等下一趟公交车。
expect sb.to do sth.的用法待某人做某事；期望某人做某事”。
be expected to do 表示被期待／应该。
His parents expected him to go college.他的父母期望他上大学。
【固定搭配】
expect to do sth.期待做某事期望做某事。
I expect to meet him next week.我期待下周见到他。
expect +that从句 预料……
Many people expected that the peace talks wouldn’t break down .许多人预料和平谈判不会破裂。
【例题】（青岛中考）Teachers expect all their students _______progress day by day.
A. to make B. make
C. to take D. take
But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.但令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。
surprise做名词，意为“惊奇，诧异”。
to one’s surprise使某人感到惊讶的是……；in surprise 惊讶地，惊奇地（修饰动词）。
To my surprise, she failed in the exam.使我吃惊的是，她在考试中失败了。
She looked up in surprise.她惊讶地抬头看。
【要点辨析】surprise, surprised, surprising
surprise 名词 惊奇，诧异
动词 使……惊奇
surprised 形容词 感到吃惊、意外，人做主语
surprising 令人惊奇的，物做主语或在句中做定语
【固定搭配】
be surprised to do sth.表示“对做某事感到惊讶”；be surprised at sth. 表示“对某事感到惊讶”。
【例题】根据汉语意思完成句子
（2022·无锡中考）让我们吃惊的是，这位国际友人擅长烹制中餐。
______ ______ ______ , the foreign friend is good at cooking Chinese food .
Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time.多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了那位老人。
thanks to意为“多亏了……，由于……”，相当于because of...，as a result of 或 with the help of...／with one’s help...，to 是介词，后跟名词／代词／动名词。
Thanks to my teachers, I have made much progress in my subjects.
多亏了我的老师们，我的各门功课已经取得了很大进步。
【要点辨析】thanks to, because of, thanks for
thanks to 表示原因 位于句首，有感彩，多指好的结果。
because of 后接名词／代词／动名词，无感彩。
thanks for 因……而感谢，后接名词／代词／动名词，强调感谢的原因。
Thanks to the doctor, I am well again.多亏这位医生，我的身体又康复了。
She didn't go to school because of her illness.她因病没去上学。
Thanks for inviting me to your party.感谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。
【例题】（绥化中考）_______our teachers, we've made great progress in the past four years.
A. Thanks for B. Thankful to C. Thanks to
. “It's sad that many people don't want to help others because they don't want any trouble，”says one passenger.“可悲的是许多人不想帮助别人，因为他们不想惹任何麻烦，”一位乘客说。
【句式结构分析】
本句是“It’s＋形容词＋that从句＂句型。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that 从句。
It's sad that many people don't want to help others because they don't want any trouble
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
主句 连接词 从句 because引导的原因状语从句
It's important that we must make an plan first.我们必须先制订一个学习计划是很重要的。
【要点拓展1】 it做形式主语时的句式还有下两种：
It’s+adj.+ for sb.+to do sth. 该句式中的形容词通常是描述事物的性质和特征的，如easy，difficult，important，necessary等。
sb.+to do sth. 该句式中的形容词通常是描述人的性格和品质的，如kind，nice，clever, brave等。
【例题】（2022·福建中考）It's important for us________ hard in order to have a better life.
A. work B. to work C. working
【要点拓展2】
trouble做名词，意为“问题；麻烦”。
He is sad because his life is full of trouble.他很伤心，因为他的生活充满了麻烦。
trouble还可以做动词，意为“使烦恼；使忧虑”，通常做及物动词，其后可以直接跟宾语。
I’m sorry to trouble you.很抱歉麻烦你。
【trouble的固定搭配】
get into trouble 陷入麻烦；遇到麻烦
have trouble (in )doing sth. 做某事有困难
have no trouble 没困难
ask for trouble 自寻烦恼
in trouble 陷入困境
【例题】（泸州中考）
A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble_______ a proper living place. We should help them.
A .find B. found
C. to find D. finding
Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road．26路公交车在中华路上撞了一位老人
hit做动词，意为“（使）碰撞；撞击；打；袭击”。
现在分词是hitting，过去式／过去分词是hit。
在表示“打某人”时，用 hit sb.+on/in+the+身体部位。
若身体部位较硬或凸起用on，若身体部位较软或下凹用in。
She hit him on the head with her umbrella.她用雨伞打了他的头。
You hit me in the eye！你打我的眼睛了！
【要点拓展】hit做名词，意为“击中；很受欢迎的人（或事物）；风行一时的流行歌曲（或唱片；音乐会等）”。
The concert was quite a hit in Chicago.这场音乐会在芝加哥曾轰动一时。
Did you hurt yourself playing soccer 你踢足球时伤到自己了吗？
现在分词短语做时间状语的用法本句中playing soccer是现在分词短语做时间状语，相当于when或while 引导的时间状语从句when／while you were playing soccer。
Walking in the street, he came across an old friend of his.
=When/While he was walking in the street , he came across an old friend of his .
当他走在街上的时候，偶然遇到了他以前的老朋友。
SECTION A 课后练习
一、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
1. If you tired , you can stop walking and r_________ for a while .
2. Lisa fell down from the bike and h_________ her legs .
3.She had t_________ remembering new words , so she asked her English teacher for help.
4. –I have a t_________, Mum .
- I will take you to see a dentist .
5. I’m sorry , Lisa . I don’t a_________ with you .
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.When I went into the room , I found him_________(lie) in bed .
2. I saw her _________(water )flowers in the garden when I passed by .
3. It’s dangerous for us _________(answer ) the phone while crossing the street .
4. He _________(break) the school rules yesterday .
5. Mrs . Green will take her son to the park if she _________(get) the tickets .
三、单项填空
1. –You look tired . What’s_________ matter with you
-I have_________ fever .
A. the ; the B. a ; a C. a ; the D. the ; a
2. I eat rice _________beef and potatoes . It’s delicious .
A. in B. on C. with D. for
3. _________ the kind-hearted lady , the homeless boy has a new family .
A. Thanks to B. Thank to C. Thanks for D. Thank for
4. It’s interesting for the children _________ the animals .
A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watches
5. My cousin is _________ heavy because he often eats _________ fast food .
A. too much ; too many B. too many ; too much C. much too ; too much D. too much ; much too
6. She cut_________ when making dinner yesterday.
A. myself B. himself C. herself D. ourselves
7. –What’s the matter , Dad
-I have a _________. I have to see a dentist .
A. fever B. headache C. toothache D. stomachache
8. I arrived home and found my sister _________ in bed .
A. lies B. lying C. lied D. lie
9. _________ my surprise , she learned English all by herself .
A. In B. To C. With D. At
10. Don’t say that , or you’ll_________ trouble .
A. get back B. get into C. get off D. get out
四、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 那位老妇人最后被及时送往医院。
The old lady was taken to the hospital_________ _________ at last .
2. 令我们惊讶的是，他取得了第一名。
_________ _________ _________, he won the first place .
3.他昨天从自行车上摔了下来。
He _________ _________ _________ his bike yesterday .
4.请立刻打扫教室。
Please clean the classroom _________ _________ .
5.昨天晚上我姐姐感冒了。
My sister _________ _________ _________ last night .
Unit1 What’s the matter
SECTION B 语法精讲及练习
①have problems breathing呼吸困难
have problems （in） doing sth.的用法（高频考点）
have problems（in）doing sth.：为固定短语，意为“做某事有问题或难”，同义短语为have trouble／difficulty (in)doing sth.。
I have problems/trouble/difficulty(in) learning English. Can you give some suggestions？我在英语学习上遇了问题。你能给我一些建议吗？
【要点拓展】have problems/trouble difficulty with sth.也表示“在·····方面；困难”。
breathe／bri ／vi.＆vt.呼吸。
We should breathe in the fresh air every day.我们每天都应该呼吸新鲜空气。
【要点拓展】
breath／breθ／是breathe的名词形式，意为“呼吸；呼吸的空气”。
The boy took a deep breath and began speaking.那个男孩深吸一口气然后开始讲话。
【固定搭配】
hold one’s breath屏住呼吸；be out of breath 上气不接下气；
take a deep breath深呼吸、深吸一口气；have a breath of fresh air呼吸新鲜空气。
【例题】（丹东中考）-Jim，I have_______ in finishing so much work.
-Don't worry. I can help you.
A. ability B. success
C. experience D. difficulty
②Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。
【句子结构分析】
本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句。定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，其中，被修饰的词叫作先行词。此处who is interested in mountain climbing 为定语从句，修饰先行词man，who 为关系代词，在定语从句中做主语。当先行词为人时，常用关系代词who或that 引导定语从句。
Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
主句 先行词 关系代词（在从句中做主语）定语从句
Do you know the lady who/that is in red？你认识那个穿红色衣服的女士吗？
【要点拓展】 如果先行词指物，关系代词要用which或that。
我不喜欢有悲伤结局的故事。
I don't like stories which/that have sad endings.
【短语】
be／get／become interested in 意为“对……感兴趣”，后面跟动词-ing形式、名词或代词。
He is interested in collecting stamps.他对集邮感兴趣。
③As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯冒险。
【as的用法】
as做介词，意为“作为，当作”。
In China we learn English as a foreign language.在中国我们把英语作为一门外语来学。
As a student，you must study hard. 作为一名学生，你必须努力学习。
【be used to (doing) sth.的用法】
be used to(doing) sth.意为“习惯于（做）某事”，be used to后接名词／代词／动名词，可用于多种时态。
be也可换成get和become。
He is used to living in the city.他习惯住在城市里。
【要点辨析】be used to do sth.，be used to doing sth.,used to do sth.
be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态的结构。
be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，注意该结构中用的是动名词。
used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，该结构用来描述过去经常发生的动作或状态。
Wood is used to make paper.木材被来造纸。
He is used to getting up early.他习惯起。
I used to spend a lot of time playing nes with my friends.我过去常常花许多和朋友们一起玩游戏。
【例题】根据汉语意思完成子
（2022·黄冈中考）人们应该习惯乘坐公共交通工具出行。
People should________ ________ ________ travelling by public transportation.
【take risks 的用法】
take risks(相当于take a risk)意为“冒险”，其中risk为名词，意为“后风险；冒险”，既可以做可数名词，也做不可数名词。
Bob likes taking risks.鲍勃喜欢冒险（可数名词）。
As for this matter, there is no risk failure.关于这件事，没有失败的风险。(可数名词）
④Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him.因为他无法抽出他的胳膊，他在那儿待了五天，希望有人能发现他。
free做动词，意为“使摆脱；解放”。
He tried to change the country and free the people.他尝试改变国家和解放人民。
【要点拓展】free做形容词
free 空闲的；有空的 反义词是busy
自由的，无拘束的 名词形式freedom自由
免费的 做表语或定语
【固定搭配】
in one’s free（spare）time 在某人空闲的时间里；
feel free to do sth.随意（随便）做某事；
set...free释放……，使……自由。
⑤But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.但是，当他的水喝完时，他知道他必须做些什么来拯救他自己的生命。
【用法分析】run out意为“（被）用完”，由“动词＋副词”构成，不用于被动语态，以主动形式表示被动意义。
Our time is running out.我们的时间不多了。
【例题】（2022江苏泰州中考）
We should pay much attention to saving natural resources .Otherwise , they will______ one day .
A. put out B. run out C. get out D. sell out
⑥He was not ready to die that day．他不想死在那天。
be ready to do sth. 的用法
be ready to do sth.意为“乐于做某事；准备做某事”。
He is always ready to help his friends.他总是乐于帮助朋友。
He was always ready to try his best.他总是准备好去尽其所能。
【要点拓展】含有ready的短语
be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事、乐意做某事
get ready for sth./ doing sth. 为某事/做某事做准备
be ready for sth. 为……准备
get ready to do sth. 准备去做某事
⑦So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.于是，他用刀切断了自己的半条右臂。
cut off意为“切除，切断”“动词＋副词”构成的短语，其后接时，名词可放在cut与off之间，也可以off之后；后接代词时，代词只能放在off之间。
He cut off a branch/cut a branch from the tree.他从树上砍下一根树枝
This branch is redundant and you cut it off.这个树枝是多余的，你可以把它砍断。
【固定搭配】cut 的短语
cut out 删除
cut up 切碎
cut down 砍倒； 减少
cut in 插嘴
cut……into……把……切成……
⑧Then, with his left arm, he bandage himself so that he would not lose to much blood.然后，他用左臂给自己包扎，这：不至于失血过多。
【with介词，意为“用；使用”“with＋工具”表示“使用······”。】
write with a pen用钢笔写字。
【要点辨析】in /with
in 使用某种语言；用某种方式；用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料或材料，且名词前不加冠词
with 使用有形的工具、物品或器官去做某事，with后的名词一般应加冠词或物主代词
Can you sing the song in English？ 你会用英语唱这首歌吗？
You should write your homework in ink，not with a pencil.你应该用钢笔做作业，而不是用铅笔。
【so that的用法（高频考点）】
so that意为“以便；为的是”，引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句。
They climbed higher so that they might see farther.他们爬得更高，以便看得更远。
【注意】
so that 相当 于 in order that。含 so that，in order that 的句子可以用to do sth.或 in order to do sth. 结构转化。
She got up early this morning so that/in order that she could catch the first bus.
=She got up early this morning to/in order to catch the first bus. 今天早上她起得很早，以便能赶上第一班公共汽车。
【例题】
（2022·成都中考）Mary has learned a lot about the history of Sichuan_______ she can be a tour guide.
A. even if B. as soon as C. so that
⑨This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.这意味着你处在一种看似无法摆脱的困境中。
mean动词，意为“意思是，意味”、其过去式、过去分词为meant。
What does this word mean？ 这个词什么意思？
【要点拓展】mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean（doing）sth.意味着（做）某事。
We mean to call on you tomorrow.我门打算明天看望你。
Success means working hard.成功意未着工作努力。
【词性转换】
mean [动词]意思是，意味着
↙ ↓ ↘
meaning [名词] meaningless meaningful
意义；意思 [形容词]毫无意义的 [形容词]有意义的
⑩In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, of being in control of one’s life.在这本，阿伦讲述了做出正确决定和自我掌控命运要性。
【importance的用法（高频考点）】
importance为不可数名词，意要性；重要”。
of great importance ＋分重要
You must understand the importance of learning English.你必须明白学习英语生。
【要点拓展】importance 的形容词为：important重要的（反义词：unimportant adj.不重要的)。
It's very important for us to importance of English. 对我们来说知道英语的重要性是很重要的。
【decision做名词，意为“决定择”，通常做可数名词。】
This is my final decision.这是我的终决定。
【要点拓展】 同根词：decide v.决定。
He decided to join the swimming ch 他决定加入游泳俱乐部。
【固定搭配】
make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth. =make up one's mind do sth.表示“决定做某事”。
He made a decision to study hard.
=He decided to study hard.
= He made up his mind to stud hard.他决定努力学习。
【例题】（2022·牡丹江、鸡西地区朝鲜族中学联合体中考）
-Jack，will your family move to Shanghai
-Yes. My parents have made the_______.
A. problem
B .challenge
C. decision
【control做名词或动词，意为“控制；操纵；管理”。】
其过去式和过去分词都是controlled。be in control of控制；掌管；管理。
【固定搭配】
（1）be out of control失去控制；无法管理。
（2）be under the control 被控制住；在控制中。
（3）be in control of在······控制下；被······管理。
His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.他对登山如此热爱，以至于在这次经历之后，他依然继续登山。
【so..that...的用法（高频考点）】
本句是含有结果状语从句的主从复合句，so...that...意为“如此······以至于······”，so是副词，其后可接形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句。
He spoke so fast that no one could understand him.他说得太快，以至于没人能听得懂。
【要点拓展】
such...that...也表示“如此····以至于”，用来引导结果状语从句。常见的结构有：
such a／an＋形容词＋可数名词的单数＋that从句
such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that 从句
such＋形容词＋可数名词的复数＋that从句
It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep.这是如此无聊的演讲，以至于我都睡着了。
It is such good weather that we can go hiking.天气如此好，以至于我们可以去远足。
They are such brave people that we all admire them.他们是如此勇敢的人，以至于我们都钦佩他们。
【注意】
当复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little 修饰时，只能用 so而不能用such。
【例题】（2022·自贡中考）
-This math exercise is______ difficult______ I can't work it out.
-Come on! Use your head and you will find a way.
A.such;that B.so;which C.so;that
【keep on doing sth.的用法 高频考点】
keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，与keep doing sth.为同义短语。
keep（on）后若跟动词，只能跟动名词。
They kept on working in the fields, though it was raining.虽然天正在下雨，他们还是继续在田里干活。
【固定搭配】
keep还有如下搭配：
keep sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人或某物做某事
keep sb.／sth.＋adj. 使某人或某物保持······状态
keep sb.doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
【例题】-How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam
-Keep on_______ and you'll make progress.
A. practice B. practicing
C. to practice D. practiced
Let's think about it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place", and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.在我们发现自己处在“生死两难”的境地之前和在我们不得不做出生死抉择之前，让我们思考一下吧。
death做名词，意为“死；死亡”，通常做不可数名词。
She can't get over her husband's death.她没能摆脱失去丈夫的痛苦。
【要点辨析】die, dead, dying, death
die 做动词，意为“死；死亡”，是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 It is reported that five people died in the traffic accident．据报道，有5个人那次交通事故。
dead 做形容词，意为“死的；无生命的”，表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”用“have／has been dead for＋时间段”或“died＋时间段＋ago”。 His father has been dead for ten years. 他的父亲已经去世十年了。
dying die的现在分词，做定语或意为＂垂死的；要死的”。 This is a dying bird.这是一只将死的鸟。
death 做名词，意为“死；死亡”，在做主语或宾语。 The death of her mother was sudden 她母亲的死很突然。
【例题】根据汉语提示完成句子
（绥化中考）The ______（死）of Yuan Longping ,Father of Hybrid Rice（杂交水稻），made us very sad.
Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today 阿伦在那次事故之后没有放弃，现在还继续山。
give up的用法（高频考点）
give up意为“放弃”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
All the doctors didn't give up saving the young man.所有的医生都没有放弃抢救那个年轻人。
【注意】
give up后接名词做宾语，名词做宾语时可以放在两者之间或up之后，代词做宾语时只能放在give 和up之间。
Smoking is bad for your health. Please give it up.吸烟对你的健康有害。请戒掉吧。
【固定搭配】含有give的动词短语。
give up 放弃 give away 赠送
give out 分发 give in 屈服
give birth to 生孩子 give back 归还
give off 释放、发出 give sb. a hand 给予某人帮助
【例题】
（益阳中考）My father always tells me never to________ when I am in trouble .
A. give up B. put on C. help out
SECTION B 课后练习
一、根据汉语提示完成单词。
1. The_________(死亡)of my dog made me sad .
2. He was _________(生病的)and his mother took him to the nearest hospital.
3.Look out ! Don’t let the _________(刀) hurt you .
4. The true _________(意义； 意思)of the poem is sharing and giving love to people around us .
5. Now Chinese will be widely used _________(作为) a foreign language around the world .
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. They are starting a project _________(call)”Give your love”.
2. He is from the USA .He has problems in_________(learn)Chinese .
3. He fell down when _________(climb) the ladder .
4. Do you know the _________(important)of rubbish sorting
5. Each time when you make a _________(decide), you should think carefully .
三、单项填空。
1.-The big stone is _________ heavy_________ I can’t carry it alone .
-Don’t worry . I will help you .
A. such ; that B. so ; that C. too ; to
2. He kept on_________ although he was ill .
A. work B. working C. to work D. worked
3. My parents are used to_________ after supper .
A. walk B. walks C. walking D. walked
4. The song Dream It Possible often reminds me that we should always try our best and never _________catching our dreams .
A. give up B. take up C. put up
5. –We teenagers should look up to the people _________ have made great achievements to our country , like Yuan Longping .
-I think so .
A. who B. what C. which D. whose
6. I need to buy some water , because we are _________ that in our home .
A. run out B. running out C. run out of D. running out of
7.She’s outgoing .She never minds _________to a boy .
A. speak B. spoke C. speaking D. to speak
8. –My grandma is used to_________ in the countryside .
-Oh .She is my grandma .
A. live B. lives C. living D. lived
四、句型转换。
1.Lily should arrive there before 8 o’clock .(改为否定句)
Lily_________ arrive there before 8 o’clock .
2. What’s the matter with him (同义句转换)
_________ _________ with him
3. He sat in the front of the classroom in order to see the blackboard clearly .(同义句转化)
He sat in the front of the classroom _________ _________ he could see the blackboard clearly .
4. She cleaned the room yesterday .(改为被动语态)
The room_________ _________ by her yesterday .
5. Do you want to see the movie The movie is about a girl and her pet dog .(合并为一句)
Do you want to see the movie _________ _________ about a girl and her pet dog