unit2 I'll clean up the city parks GF-4c课件(共46张PPT)人教版八年级下册

(共46张PPT)
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A grammar focus—4c




































































































下列不定式结构分别在句中充当什么成分？
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
作宾语：主语+谓语V. + to do
作宾补：主语+谓语V.+sb.+ to
目的状语




































































































Summarize
不定式结构
I’d like to (do)…
ask sb. to (do)…
let sb. do…
volunteer…to help sb. (do)…
learn to do…
decide to do…
help sb. to do…
make … to (do)
想要做……
叫某人做……
让某人做……
志愿帮助某人做……
学习做……
决定做……
帮助某人做……
让某人做……
Grammar 1
The infinitive
形式：to+v原 否定形式：not to+v原
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
2.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
不定式
to
介词？
to
On the way to school
On the way to see a film
I want to borrow a book.
Turn to Page 32.
Could I speak to Mr. Ben, please
They began to read and write.
He is used to getting up early.
Help yourself to some fish.
She asked me to speak a little louder.
介词to: to+名词/代词/动名词
不定式to: to+动词原形
一. 作宾语
They want to go to the library.
They volunteered to teach kids.
I forgot to bring money.
They agreed to travel in Beijing.
(主语+V+to do)
A.动词 + to do sth.的固定搭配：
① 计划/打算做…______________.
②希望做… _________________
__________________.
③需要做… ________________.
④想要做… __________________
___________________ .
plan to do sth.
hope to do sth.
wish to do sth
need to do sth.
want to do sth.
would like to do sth.
同意a_______, 决定d_______, 学习l______,
承诺p_______,盼望e________, 拒绝r______
选择c_______ .
gree
ecide
earn
romise
xpect
efuse
hoose
B.动词+疑问词+带to的不定式
I can’t decide where to go.
I don’t know how to cook.
( ) 1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys
( ) 2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing
C. to take D. taking
C
A
Practice
二、做宾语补足语
宾补①带 to:
叫某人做某事 ________________
告诉某人做某事_________________
希望某人做某事_________________
想某人做某事___________________
ask sb. to do sth.
tell sb. to do sth.
expect sb.to do sth.
want sb. to do sth.
主语+V+sb+to do sth
②不带to:
感官动词
see
watch
notice
hear
feel
使役动词
let
make
have
③help sb.(to) do sth. to可省
e.g. She helped Lily (to) learn English.
e.g. I saw the teacher get out.
Let me go!
(1)Let me ______ ( help ) you.
(2) You make me ______ too long.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait
(3) My parents want me _____ (be) a doctor.
(4) He wants the students _______ (eat) well.
help
to be
to eat
Exercises
三、不定式作状语
表目的、原因、结果
e.g. I came here to see you.
I’m glad to see you.
She is too young to go to school.
目的
原因
结果
四、不定式作主语
一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数。
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。
句型：It’s +adj+(for sb/of sb) to do sth.
It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.
e.g. It’s difficult for me to finish the work.
It’s kind of you to help me.
It takes me 2 hours to go to school by bike.
五、不定式作定语
不定式作定语应放于被修饰词之后。
e.g. 你想喝一些东西吗？
Would you like something to drink？
我今天有许多工作要做
I have much work to do today.
jie
2. The teacher asked the students to be quiet.
1. The girl wanted to take the joy home.
3. I come here to see you.
说出下列不定式的用法。
宾语
宾语补足语
目的状语
4. He is too young to go to school.
结果状语
1. He made me ____ (tell) him all the things.
2. Please remember _______ (water) the plants while I’m away.
3. Let’s ______ (watch) a talk show.
Exercises
一. Fill in the blanks.
to water
tell
watch
4. What can you expect _______ (learn) from the news
5. My parents want me _____ (be) a doctor.
6. I’d like ________ (watch) cartoons at home.
to be
to watch
to learn
1.The policeman told the boys __ in the street.
A. not play B. not playing
C. not to play D. don’t play
2. _Mom,I am very hungry.
_ Let’s go to the supermarket __ some food.
A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. buys
3.To make my body strong , my mother asks me
____milk every day.
A. drinks B. drank C. drinking D. to drink
C
A
D
二、选择题
5.__I often have hamburgers for lunch.
__You’d better not. It’s bad for you ____ too
much junk food.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
B
4. We are planning _______ a surprise party for her fifteenth birthday.
A. to have B. have C. having D. will have
A
报纸第18期：语法突破
I.1.To celebrate
2. (to) wash
3. to practice
4. to watch
5. to write
6. not walk
7. playing
II.1.C
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. D
7.B
8.D
情态动词could（P109）
1. 情态动词could用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。
--- Could you please take the dog for a walk
--- OK,but I want to watch one show first.
Could we get something to drink after the movie
Grammar 2
---I need to get some money to pay for summer camp. What should I do
--- I think maybe you could get a part- time job.
2. could 也用于提出建议，比can语气更为委婉。
3. could表示“能力”或“可能性”，作为can的过去形式。如：
Could you speak English when you were five
Mr.Floolish is having a drink by the window.
Suddenly he hears "Look out!".
He sticks his head out of the window at once.
Then some dirty water is poured on him.He is very angry and shouts at the boy.
Foolish:Hey!What are you doing
Boy:I asked you to be careful!
Foolish:Did you You said "look out",didn't you
Boy:Yes,I did!But "Look out!" means "Be careful!"
enjoy a story
短语动词 Phrasal verbs
短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，相当于一个单独的动词，这种组合称之为短语动词。
Grammar 3
★动词+ 介词
此类短语动词可以用作及物动词, 后面必须接宾语。
Look at the blackboard, please!
此类短语动词还有listen to（听）, look for（寻找）, look after（照顾）, wait for（等待），hear from(收到…的来信)等。
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:
★动词+ 副词
此类短语动词既可以用作及物动词, 也可以用作不及物动词。
I get up very early every morning.
Can you work out this problem
常见副词有away, up, down
give out（分发） hand out（分发） help out（帮忙分担） put off（推迟） take off（脱掉;起飞 ）
此类短语动词还有：
clean up(打扫、清除) cheer up（使高兴）
fix up（修理） give up（放弃）
eat up(吃光) put up（张贴、搭建）
call up(打电话给某人、号召)
take up(占据、开始从事)
give away(赠送、捐赠) put away (放好)
take away(带走)
turn down(降低音量、拒绝)
write down(写下，记下) cut down(砍倒)
当此类动词短语接宾语时，如果宾语是名词，名词可放中间或短语的后面，也可以放在动词或副词之间；如果宾语是代词，代词只能放在动词或副词之间
★动词+ 副词+ 介词
此类短语动词可以用作及物动词。
We’re running out of water.
此类短语动词还有come up with（想出；提出）, do well in（在……做得好）, look forward to（期望、盼望）等。
★动词+名词+介词
此类短语动词的意义取决于名词,而不是动词,修饰时不用副词而用形容词。
We should take good care of our parents.
此类短语动词还有take part in(参加),
make friends with（与…结交朋友）,
pay attention to（注意……）等。
★be+形容词+介词
这类动词动词短语的宾语只能放在介词之后
e.g. I’m busy with doing homework.
此类动词短语有：
be interested in(对…感兴趣)
be strict in/with(对…严格)
be pleased with (对…感到高兴)
Self Check
1 Fill in each blank with a possible verb to make a phrasal verb.
1. _______________ up
2. _______________ off
3. _______________ away
4. _______________ out of
5. _______________ after
6. ________________ up with
fix/put/get/dress
put/get/take
give/take
run/get
take/look
come/catch
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
4a
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with give out put off
1. I want to ______ my plan to work
in an animal hospital until next
summer. I’m too busy with my
studies this year.
put off
2. She hopes to ______ at least five
primary schools to ask if they need
volunteers for their after-school
programs.
call up
3. Our class is trying to ____________
some ideas to _______ sick children
because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around
the school and ________ notices to
tell students about the book sale.
We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with give out put off
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs 1.________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 2. _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do 3. _______ others.
to make
to do
to help




































































































help move do make visit spend
There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way 4. ________ our free time. For example, we can make plans 5.______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year 6. _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
to spend
to visit
to move
4c
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
1. I’d like to volunteer ____________________
______________________________________
2. At 12: 00 midnight, I called my friend
_____________________________________
to help kids with their
homework.
to play soccer together in the afternoon.
3. I’m very busy but I could help ____________
_______________________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I
want __________________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents
told me (not)____________________________
(to) take the
trash out after dinner.
to go camping with my friends.
not to do that.
1) I’d like ______ homeless people.
2) She decided _________ for a volunteer after-school reading program.
3) You could ask hospitals ____ you visit the kids and cheer them up.
Fill in the blanks.
to help
to try out
to let
4) Mario believes it can help him ________ his future dream job.
5) She volunteers there once a week ______ kids learn _______.
6) I’m making some signs ________ around the school.
to help
to read
to put up
to get
根据汉语提示补全句子。
1. 你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？
Would you like ___ ____ ____ ___ the city
parks
2. 莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？
Could you please help me ___ ____ the
dishes, Lily
to help clean up
to wash
3. 简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。
Jane didn’t _____ ___ ____ a good way
___ _____ ____ this math problem.
come up with
to work out
5. 我们应该努力学习，将来为我们的祖
国做重大的贡献。
We should study hard __ ______ a major commitment for our country in the future.
to make
I always tell my students ____ on the road because it’s really dangerous.
A. not to play B. to play not
C. not playing D. not play
2. –I will go to Harbin for my summer
vacation. What about you
-- I haven’t decided where ____.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
3. – I didn’t hear you come in just now.
-- That’s good. We tried ___ any noise,
for you were sleeping.
A. not make B. not to make
C. to make D. making
4. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates ____ dancing with her.
A. practice B. practices
C. practicing D. to practice