题型针对练(四)——段尾句类
Test 1
(2023·广东深圳高三第一次调研)
For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world’s civilisation, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends. 1
Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific 2 There, you will find yourself drawn in and inspired! Museums are a fantastic place to learn about a region’s history, scientific achievements, major cultural events, and of course, dinosaurs. They also design exhibitions related to visual arts, industrial innovations and anything that inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
3 They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.
Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren’t a burden on tax revenue (税收) or a separate concern from other city projects. 4 Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.
Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other. 5
A.Museums bring out the best qualities in children.
B.Museums often deliver kids-centered exhibitions.
C.Instead, they generate funding and fuel employment.
D.Then, visit a local museum to learn about that subject.
E.Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connection.
F.On the contrary, they consume a small percentage of city funds annually.
G.The fact, however, is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.
Test 2
(2021·安徽淮南高三第一次模拟)
Do You Waste Food
How much food do you buy each week Are you someone who fills your fridge and cupboards with food so that you’ll always have something to eat and never go hungry 1
Throwing away unwanted food has become a big issue in the developed countries. While some of us throw away unwanted items, people in other parts of world face food shortages and are starving. 2 The actual figure is 1.3 billion tons of food, which is enough to feed a billion hungry people.
You may think supermarkets are mainly to blame for this mountain of food. After all, they do cast stuff that’s past its sell-by date. They’ve also been criticised for encouraging customers to buy more than they need. 3 In Europe an incredible 53% of food waste comes from households, which results in 88 million tons of food waste a year. So instead of filling our bellies, our food is filling up landfill sites. Unfortunately, this causes greenhouse gases which eventually lead to global warming and climate change.
In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to tackle this problem. She convinced some supermarkets to stop selling their items in quantity so that people bought only what they needed. She’s set up an education programme in schools. 4
5 And when we’re at home we should make the most of the food we have —using recipes that use up our leftovers or even sharing our extra food with our friends and neighbours.
A.People buy more than they need and throw too much away.
B.Or maybe, you’re efficient with your shopping, only buying what you need.
C.But the biggest contributor to food waste is us.
D.Clearly, we need to think twice when shopping.
E.We simply need to stop throwing away food and enjoy it instead.
F.This has helped create a 25% reduction in food waste.
G.It’s shocking that a third of the world’s food is wasted each year.
Test 3
Learning Through Play
Early childhood education often focuses on learning through play. It meets the physical, intellectual, language and emotional needs of children. 1 Thus, children learn more efficiently and gain more knowledge through activities such as dramatic plays, art and social games.
Learning through play has been seen regularly in practice as the most useful way a child can learn. Researchers suggest children should be given plenty of outdoor exercise or play to keep them physically and emotionally healthy. 2
However, due to the advancement of technology, the art of play has started to disappear and has been transformed into playing through technology. 3 If we want to develop a variety of skills, we need a balanced media diet. Each medium has costs and benefits in terms of what skills each develops. Technology is beginning to invade the art of play and a balance needs to be found.
Many oppose the theory of learning through play because they think children are not gaining new knowledge. 4 They are exploring different roles, learning how things work and learning to communicate and work with others. These things cannot be taught by a standard curriculum(课程), but have to be developed through the method of play. 5 They have designed their curriculum around that to allow children to have more freedom. Once these basics are learned at a young age, it sets children up for success throughout their schooling and their life.
A.No media is good for everything.
B.They believe children learn through movement.
C.Many schools understand the importance of play.
D.Some play opportunities will develop specific areas of children’s brain.
E.They believe play allows children to talk and use their imagination.
F.In reality, play is the first way children learn to make sense of the world at a young age.
G.Children’s natural curiosity and imagination naturally produce learning when uncontrolled.
Test 4
(2021·安徽黄山二模)
The Secrets of Successful Listening
“When people talk, listen completely.” Those words of Ernest Hemingway might be a pretty good guiding principle for many managers, as might the saying by Zeno of Citium, a Greek philosopher,“We have two ears and one mouth, so we should listen more than we say.” 1
Some firms use a technique known as a “listening circle”. 2 In such a circle, only one person can talk about the issues they face at a time and there is no interruption. A study cited in the Harvard Business Review found that employees who had taken part in a listening circle then suffered less social anxiety and had fewer worries about work-related matters than those who had not.
Listening has been critical to the career of Richard Mullender, who was a negotiator, dealing with everything. He defines listening as “the identification, selection and comprehension of the key words”. 3 Plenty of people think that good listening is about nodding your head or keeping eye contact. But that is not really listening, Mr Mullender argues.
A good listener is always looking for facts, emotions and indications of the speaker’s values. Another important point to bear in mind is that, when you talk, you are not listening. The listener’s focus should be on analysis.
4 One approach is to make an assessment of what the other person is telling you and then check it with them. 5 The fundamental aim is to build up a relationship so the other person likes you and trusts you, Mr Mullender says.
A.It is vital to all effective communication.
B.However, a listener needs to speak occasionally.
C.For people like listening to others.
D.That gives the other party a sense that they are being understood.
E.Therefore, a listener shouldn’t just listen.
F.In it participants are encouraged to talk openly and honestly.
G.For people like being listened to.
参考答案
题型针对练(四)——段尾句类
Test 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了博物馆的多项社会性功能。
1.G 解析 根据上文 “For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world’s civilisation, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends.” 可知, 此处提到人们在旅行途中有很多选择, 博物馆不是人们的首选地址。G项 “The fact, however, is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways” 中的however表明, 其实去博物馆有好多益处, 此处点明本文的主题。上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选G项。
2.D 解析 根据上文 “Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific ” 可知, 人们可以去博物馆观看感兴趣的东西。D项 “Then, visit a local museum to learn about that subject.” 中的that subject指代上文的something specific, 上下文连贯顺畅。故选D项。
3.B 解析 根据下文 “They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.” 可知, 博物馆可以让孩子们接受到教育。B项 “Museums often deliver kids-centered exhibitions.” 作本段小标题, 上下文连贯顺畅。故选B项。
4.C 解析 根据上文 “Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren’t a burden on tax revenue or a separate concern from other city projects.” 可知, 本段中涉及博物馆对城市旅行业的推动。C项 “Instead, they generate funding and fuel employment.” 与上文为转折关系, 下文 “Statistics show that museums support more than 726,000 jobs in America.” 可知, 此处具体解释博物馆创造工作机会的功能, 呼应C项的fuel employment, 上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选C项。
5.E 解析 根据上文 “Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other.” 可知, 本段涉及博物馆塑造社区的功能, 博物馆作为一个公共空间, 人们可以相互交流。E项 “Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connection.” 可知, 博物馆的周边产业, 如礼品店, 在这里人们也有机会进行交流联系, 上下文连贯顺畅。故选E项。
Test 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。近几年来, 发达国家正面临愈演愈烈的食品浪费现象, 生活在这些国家的人们扔掉大量的食物。与其相反, 还有一些国家的人们面临食物紧缺问题。本文主要介绍了导致食物浪费的原因和减少浪费的办法。
1.B 解析 根据上文的 “How much food do you buy each week Are you someone who fills your fridge and cupboards with food so that you’ll always have something to eat and never go hungry ” 可知, 此处问读者每周买多少食物, 列举了一种买很多食物填满冰箱和碗橱的人, 由此可知设空处可能会讲每周买多少食物的另一种情况(或人), 承接上文, 而B项 “或者, 你购物效率很高, 只买你需要的东西。” 符合语境。故选B项。
2.G 解析 根据上文的 “Throwing away unwanted food has become a big issue in the developed countries. While some of us throw away unwanted items, people in other parts of world face food shortages and are starving.” 和下文的 “The actual figure is 1.3 billion tons of food, which is enough to feed a billion hungry people.” 可知, 前一句讲到发达国家食物浪费现象, 后一句讲十三亿吨粮食足够养活十亿饥饿人口。由此可知, 设空处应该讲食物浪费的多少, 因而G项 “令人震惊的是, 世界上每年有三分之一的食物被浪费了。” 符合语境。故选G项。
3.C 解析 根据下文的 “In Europe an incredible 53% of food waste comes from households, which results in 88 million tons of food waste a year.” 可知, 53%的食物浪费来自家庭, 说明是消费者自己造成了食物浪费, 因而C项 “但造成食物浪费的最大因素是我们。” 符合语境。故选C项。
4.F 解析 根据上文的 “In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to tackle this problem. She convinced some supermarkets to stop selling their items in quantity so that people bought only what they needed. She’s set up an education programme in schools.” 可知, 这位女士采取措施解决食物浪费问题, 由此可知她设立教育计划也是为了减少食物浪费问题, 因而F项 “这有助于减少25%的食物浪费。” 符合语境。故选F项。
5.D 解析 根据上文内容及下文的 “And when we’re at home we should make the most of the food we have—using recipes that use up our leftovers or even sharing our extra food with our friends and neighbours.” 可知, 在家时应充分利用现有的食物, 用可以把剩余食物用光的食谱, 或者甚至与朋友和邻居分享多余的食物, 由此可知D项 “显然, 我们在购物时要三思而后行。” 符合语境。故选D项。
Test 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。儿童早期教育侧重于寓学于乐, 这种教育方式可以适应孩子身心健康发展的需求。
1.G 解析 根据设空处前后的内容可知, 寓学于乐的教育方式适应孩子身体、智力、语言和情感等方面的需要, 他们通过游戏学到了很多东西。故选G项。
2.E 解析 根据设空处前面一句可知, 研究人员认为孩子们应该多做户外运动或玩游戏以保持身心健康。E项内容用在此处承接上文。故选E项。
3.A 解析 根据设空处前的一句和设空处后的三句可推知, 作者认为随着科技的发展孩子们接触各种媒体时应该找到一种平衡, 故可推知, 任何一种媒体都有其不足之处。故选A项。
4.F 解析 根据设空处后面的一句可知, 孩子们在游戏中探索不同的角色, 学习事情如何运作, 学习与人交流、合作。这说明事实上游戏是孩子在小时候学习理解这个世界的第一种方式。故选F项。
5.C 解析 设空处后面的一句提到他们设置课程的目的是让孩子们有更多自由。故可推知, 很多学校都认识到游戏的重要性。故选C项。
Test 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种成功倾听的方法。
1.G 解析 根据上文的 “When people talk, listen completely.” 及 “We have two ears and one mouth, so we should listen more than we say.” 可知, 设空处内容与解释要倾听的原因有关, 因而G项 “因为人们喜欢被倾听。” 符合语境。故选G项。
2.F 解析 根据上文的 “Some firms use a technique known as a ‘listening circle’.” 可知, 选项F中的代词it指前一句中a technique known as a “listening circle”, 且此处内容与 “倾听圈” 的技术特点有关, 因而F项 “在这里面参与者被鼓励开诚布公地交谈。” 符合语境。故选F项。
3.A 解析 根据上文的 “He defines listening as ‘the identification, selection and comprehension of the key words’.” 可知, 此处内容与Richard Mullender对倾听做这种定义的原因有关, 因而A项符合此处语境, it指代上文提到的 “识别、选择和理解关键词”。故选A项。
4.B 解析 根据上文的 “The listener’s focus should be on analysis.” 和下文的 “One approach is to make an assessment of what the other person is telling you and then check it with them.” 可知, 此处与上文形成转折关系, 且内容与倾听者要说话发表自己的看法有关, 因而B项符合语境。故选B项。
5.D 解析 根据上文的 “One approach is to make an assessment of what the other person is telling you and then check it with them.” 及下文的 “The fundamental aim is to build up a relationship so the other person likes you and trusts you...” 可知, D项中代词That指前一句提到的做法, 此处内容与讲述倾听者说话会有什么作用有关, 因而D项符合题意。故选D项。七选五能力升级练
题型针对练(一)——小标题类
Test 1
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but don’t beat yourself up about them.To err(犯错) is human. 1 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading “Personal strengths.” 2 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page,put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one,list all the positive things you’ve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked,or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 3
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 4 That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is,it’s true. 5 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,write it down.
G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
Test 2
(2021·山东菏泽一模)
Sometimes, the stress, fear and grief feelings can overwhelm(压倒) us. It’s fortunate that self-care is now more widespread. It is used to provide guidance on what people can do to get healthy. 1
Settle your mind.
Self-care can help ease the mental burden. What happens to be simple, efficient and free is meditation(冥想). 2 The positive effect of meditation on anxiety, depression, focus and even physical pain has been so well-established that it is now used in schools, sports teams and corporate offices.
Roll away stress.
When you’re under stress, overwhelmed, regular exercise can be one of the first healthy habits to go. Moving your body is a core principle of self-care and one of the best defenses against stress. Melanie Caines, a yoga teacher, suggests movement needn’t mean doing a serious workout every day.“A little goes a long way. 3 ” she says.
4
An important self-care way is to be mindful of what you’re eating and consider adding some nutritional support. This means a balanced diet that is right for your needs. But one commonly overlooked piece, according to Toronto naturopathic(自然疗法的) doctor Nikita Sander, is Vitamin D.She notes that the nutrient is protective in many ways and the key to mental health. It helps protect against mood disorders like depression.
Generally speaking, self-care, as the name suggests, is whatever you make it. 5 You can develop your own self-care routine, a set of practices and habits to follow.
A.Get your vitamins.
B.Keep balanced diets.
C.Here are some starting points.
D.Self-care can extend in many directions.
E.Gentle exercise can do a lot to relax your entire body,
F.That is, letting your mind wander freely allows it to settle.
G.It can be difficult to maintain a regular meditation practice.
Test 3
(2021·山东烟台高三模拟)
Panic attacks are sudden, intense eruption of fear, panic, or anxiety. 1 Panic attacks are generally brief, lasting less than 10 minutes, although some of the symptoms may last for a longer time. Here are a few tips for you to cope with panic attacks.
Take deep breaths.
If you’re able to control your breathing, you’re less likely to experience the hyperventilation(强力呼吸) that can make other symptoms—and the panic attack itself—worse. Focus on taking deep breaths in and out through your mouth, feeling the air slowly fill your chest and belly and then slowly leave them again. 2
Close your eyes.
Some panic attacks come from triggers(触发物) that overwhelm you. If you are in a fast-paced environment with a lot of stimuli(刺激), this can feed your panic attack. 3 This can block out any extra stimulus and make it easier to focus on your breathing.
4
Mindfulness can help ground you in the reality of what is around you. Since panic attacks can cause a feeling of separation from reality, this can prevent your panic attack as it is approaching or actually happening.
Use muscle relaxation techniques.
Much like deep breathing, muscle relaxation techniques can help stop your panic attack in its tracks by controlling your body’s response as much as possible. Consciously relax one muscle at a time. 5 Techniques of this kind will be most effective when you have practised them beforehand.
A.Practise mindfulness.
B.Get away from reality.
C.They have physical as well as emotional symptoms.
D.To reduce the stimuli, close your eyes during your panic attack.
E.You can start with the fingers, and then move your way up through your body.
F.These cannot only help you fall asleep, but they may also promote muscle relaxation.
G.Breathe in for a count of four, hold for a second, and then breathe out for a count of four.
Test 4
(2021·陕西高三下模拟)
Children are in constant need of being recognised for the effort they have been putting. The amount of recognition they get is directly proportional(成比例的) to self-respect. 1 . Next we will discuss some ways to develop healthy self-respect in children.
Tell them about what they should know.
Children will be full of questions, like why the sky is all blue, why the sea is of that colour, why birds fly, etc. 2 , as it’s tough to meet the intellectual(智力的) curiosity of children. What should one be doing ideally in such a situation They should explain the scientific reasons behind all the phenomena that catch the eye of the children.
Encourage them to study in an inspiring way.
Children are different. When you force them to study something they would start hating those particular subjects. It is good if you can take a middle-way approach, and explain to them like a friend. Tell them about the importance of studying, and the pleasure involved in it. 3 .
Make children read.
Reading can be understood as a purely aesthetical(美学的) activity. 4 , giving wings to the imagination of children so that they can fly high. To do this, one must understand what the child likes. If the child likes a bit of an adventure, make him or her read One Thousand and One Nights.
5 .
If your child is showing the potential of creativity, make him or her participate in artistic activities such as painting, singing, playing instruments and writing. It’s not about winning prizes, but activities such as these will improve the competitive spirit in children.
A.Involve them in sports activities
B.Involve them in artistic activities
C.This has a relationship with psychology
D.It can promote intellectual development
E.Most of the children would like such an approach
F.Sometimes it’s very difficult to answer all the questions as well
G.The main question will be how we can boost the self-respect of children
参考答案
题型针对练(一)——小标题类
Test 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要阐述了面对错误积极的举措是承担责任, 但同样重要的是自我谅解。作者分享了一些进行自我谅解的写作方法。
1.D 解析 第一段是文章的主旨段落。内容是:为错误承担责任是一个积极的举措, 但是不必过分自责。人非圣贤, 孰能无过 同样重要的是要学会原谅自己。然后作者分享了一些原谅自己的写作方法。故选D项。
2.B 解析 后文的“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around ”都是characteristics的一部分, 都属于上文的Personal strengths。故选B项。
3.F 解析 根据上文的“It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did...after the family had had a tiring day.”可知, 此处表示的是:无论你做了什么事, 无论这些事情看起来多么的渺小, 都要写下来。write it down对应上文的list。故选F项。
4.C 解析 本段的特征是引入了新的角色“a friend or family member”, 后文要对新引入的角色加以诠释。后文的exchange也说明你的朋友或者家人也要尝试这样的一种方法。故选C项。
5.G 解析 根据本文最后一句可知, “我”们一直在改变和学习, 错误是发展和成长的积极方式。所以据此推断, 错误并不是你个性中不可改变的部分。故选G项。
Test 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。面对生活压力, 人们应该学会自我照管, 因为自我照管可以让人们保持身心健康。文章介绍了一些进行自我照管的方法。
1.C 解析 根据空格前一句 “It is used to provide guidance on what people can do to get healthy.” 可知, 自我照管可以用来为人们提供健康指导; 再结合下面各段的小标题可知, 空格处引出下文内容。故选C项。
2.F 解析 根据空格前一句 “What happens to be simple, efficient and free is meditation.” 可知, 此处介绍了冥想的一些特征。空格处进一步对冥想进行解释。故选F项。
3.E 解析 根据空格前的 “Melanie Caines, a yoga teacher, suggests movement needn’t mean doing a serious workout every day.” 以及 “A little goes a long way.” 可知, 运动不需要很大的量, 也不需要高强度, 适度的运动能给身体带来好处。故选E项。
4.A 解析 根据下文的 “An important self-care way is to be mindful of what you’re eating and consider adding some nutritional support.” 以及 “But one commonly overlooked piece, according to Toronto naturopathic doctor Nikita Sander, is Vitamin D. She notes that the nutrient is protective in many ways and the key to mental health.” 可知, 维生素D经常被忽视, 而这种营养物质在很多方面都有保护作用, 是心理健康的关键, 所以本段主要强调要注意补充维生素。故选A项。
5.D 解析 根据空格后一句 “You can develop your own self-care routine, a set of practices and habits to follow.” 可知, 自我照管不仅仅是之前所提到的那些方面, 它还可以涵盖许多方面, 你可以建立自己的自我照管程序。故选D项。
Test 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何应对恐慌发作给出了四条建议。
1.C 解析 根据上文的 “Panic attacks are sudden, intense eruption of fear, panic, or anxiety.” 可知, 本段介绍了恐慌发作及其特点, 空格处进一步对恐慌发作进行说明。C项中的They指代上文中的Panic attacks, 因此C项 “它们有身体上和情绪上的症状。” 符合语境。故选C项。
2.G 解析 根据本段小标题 “Take deep breaths.” 可知, 该段介绍的方法与呼吸有关。G项的Breathe in和breathe out与标题呼应。因此G项 “吸气, 数到四, 屏住呼吸一秒钟, 然后呼气, 数到四。” 符合语境。故选G项。
3.D 解析 根据本段小标题 “Close your eyes.” 可知, 本段介绍的方法是闭上双眼, 因此D项 “为了减少刺激, 在恐慌发作时闭上眼睛。” 符合语境。故选D项。
4.A 解析 根据下文的 “Mindfulness can help ground you in the reality of what is around you. Since panic attacks can cause a feeling of separation from reality, this can prevent your panic attack as it is approaching or actually happening.” 可知, 本段主要介绍警觉的作用, 因此A项符合语境。故选A项。
5.E 解析 根据本段小标题 “Use muscle relaxation techniques.” 和空格前一句 “Consciously relax one muscle at a time.” 可知, 本段主要介绍使用肌肉放松技巧, 空格前一句提到有意识地一次放松一块肌肉, 因此E项符合语境。故选E项。
Test 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些培养儿童健康的自尊心的方法。
1.G 解析 根据空格后的 “Next we will discuss some ways to develop healthy self-respect in children.” 可知, 空格处应提到如何提高孩子们的自尊心, 因此G项 “The main question will be how we can boost the self-respect of children” 符合语境。故选G项。
2.F 解析 根据上文的 “Children will be full of questions, like why the sky is all blue, why the sea is of that colour, why birds fly, etc.” 和空格后的as it’s tough to meet the intellectual curiosity of children可知, 空格处和下文是因果关系, 而F项中的all the questions与上文的be full of questions对应, difficult和下文的tough对应。故选F项。
3.E 解析 根据上文的 “It is good if you can take a middle-way approach, and explain to them like a friend. Tell them about the importance of studying, and the pleasure involved in it.” 可知, 上文提出了可行的方法, 空格处总结大部分孩子都会喜欢这样一种方法。E项中的such an approach和上文的a middle-way approach对应。故选E项。
4.D 解析 根据上文的 “Reading can be understood as a purely aesthetical activity.” 和空格后的giving wings to the imagination of children so that they can fly high可知, 空格处介绍了阅读的好处, 因此D项 “It can promote intellectual development” 符合语境。故选D项。
5.B 解析 空格处为段落小标题。根据下文的 “If your child is showing the potential of creativity, make him or her participate in artistic activities such as painting, singing, playing instruments and writing.” 可知, 本段主要内容是让孩子参加艺术活动; B项 “Involve them in artistic activities” 和下文的participate in artistic activities对应。故选B项。题型针对练(二)——段首句类
Test 1
(2022·全国乙卷)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 .
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy(共情)
3 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 4
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
5 , but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Test 2
(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)
In today’s increasingly competitive society, people are loaded with a growing amount of stress. Stress can affect how you feel, think, and behave. 1 It’s worth taking the time to learn different strategies for managing your stress.
Identify the cause. If you are having problems with tense muscles, overtiredness, or headaches, it is quite possibly stress-related. Is it your job, relationship or something else Problems can be divided into three categories: those with a practical solution, those that will get better with time and those outside your control. 2
Move your body. Exercise won’t cure your stress, but it can help to clean your head. Try something new: yoga may be calming, but there’s nothing more thrilling than hitting a punchbag. Don’t worsen the stress by drinking and smoking. 3 They will only make you feel physically and mentally worse.
4 If you are the kind of person who is open to advice, you can talk to a friend about your stress. Friends can work as a support group, and they may provide you with solutions. Sometimes, you can’t see the easy way out of the situation when you are standing right in the middle of it.
Make a list. Having too much to do may cause you to rush around because, if you are moving faster, it feels as if you are getting more done. 5 Make a to-do list. Do the big and important things last, after you have achieved several of the small things. That way, you will approach the big things already feeling good.
A.Talk it through.
B.Be a good listener.
C.These aren’t solutions.
D.It pays to try new things.
E.But this is a false impression.
F.It can also impact how your body functions.
G.Focus on the first kind and ignore the others.
Test 3
(2021·山东淄博高三第三次模拟)
How to stop life getting you down
We don’t like to talk about our struggles, choosing instead to put on a brave face. 1 There are many possible means to prevent ourselves from being knocked down.
Try out a new hobby. Hobbies not only fill time, but also help to give you a sense of purpose and something to be proud of. Try out a new sport, learn to dance or perhaps join a music club. 2
Ask for help. If you’re struggling or feeling down, always remember that you don’t need to be on your own. 3 You’ll also find that online conferences and social media sites can provide opportunities to connect and ask for help.
4 A new view, focusing on tiny surprises in our life, can help you to feel more positive. Start to appreciate the beauty of a flower, a favourite piece of music or a simple sunny day. Go out for dinner and make efforts to truly enjoy the flavour of your meal or lie on your bed, surrounded by total silence, and simply focus on how it feels to breathe and to relax.
Do things for others. 5 You’ll feel more positive knowing that you’re contributing to a better world, whether helping just one person or a larger group. Try doing a few random acts of kindness to brighten up your day; pay for someone’s dinner at a restaurant or send a nice letter to someone that you know or someone that’s made a difference to your life.
A.Try to appreciate the little things.
B.They may do wonders for your mood.
C.Try not to worry about what people think of you.
D.Friends will be happy to help and provide support.
E.Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood.
F.Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favour.
G.So, when things start to get you down how can you pick yourself back up
Test 4
(2022·全国甲卷)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 1 . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 2 .
Hands or Utensils(餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 3 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
4 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 5 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
参考答案
题型针对练(二)——段首句类
Test 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。友谊需要悉心呵护才能健康地发展, 文章就相距较远的朋友如何保持长久的友谊给出了五条建议。
1.D 解析 根据该段的小标题及空格前提到的busy schedules可知, 此处说明双方需要努力找一个对彼此都合适的时间来保持联系, 并坚持这一做法。故选D项。
2.E 解析 根据上文的have communicated with your friend和下文的“There are alternatives to constant written communication ...”可知, E项能够承上启下。故选E项。
3.G 解析 根据下文的The friend who is remaining及The one in the new environment可知, 此处表示你可能是朋友中离开的那一方或者是留下的那一方。故选G项。
4.A 解析 根据该段的内容可知, 周年纪念日、生日等是非常重要的日期, 为避免遗忘, 要用日记本把一些重要的日期记录下来, 故小标题应为“记住重要的日期”。故选A项。
5.F 解析 根据下文的face-to-face time together可知, 虽然通过社交媒体保持联系很容易, 但是面对面的聚会也是很有必要的。故选F项。
Test 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面对压力时, 人们应该采取的一些措施。
1.F 解析 根据上文的 “In today’s increasingly competitive society, people are loaded with a growing amount of stress. Stress can affect how you feel, think, and behave.” 以及下文的 “It’s worth taking the time to learn different strategies for managing your stress.” 可知, 上文提到压力对人们的影响, 下文则说值得花时间学习管理压力的策略, 由此可知空格处应承接上文继续说明压力对人的影响。故选F项。
2.G 解析 根据上文的 “Identify the cause. If you are having problems with tense muscles ...Is it your job, relationship or something else Problems can be divided into three categories...” 可知, 本段的主题句是找到压力产生的原因, 且上文提到了三类问题, 空格处为本段最后一句, 应承接上文说明应该关注第一类问题, 故G项符合语境。
3.C 解析 根据上文的 “Move your body. Exercise won’t cure your stress ...Try something new: yoga may be calming ...Don’t worsen the stress by drinking and smoking.” 可知, 上文提到不要通过抽烟和喝酒加重压力, 故本句承接上文说明 “这些不是解决方案”, C项的These指代上文的drinking and smoking。故选C项。
4.A 解析 根据下文的 “If you are the kind of person who is open to advice, you can talk to a friend about your stress. Friends can work as a support group ...Sometimes, you can’t see the easy way out of the situation when you are standing right in the middle of it.” 可知, 下文提到可以通过向朋友倾诉自己的压力的方式来缓解压力, 故A项符合语境。
5.E 解析 根据上文的 “Make a list. Having too much to do may cause you to rush around because, if you are moving faster, it feels as if you are getting more done.” 可知, 你行动得越快, 就会感觉你完成的事情越多。而下文则提出要列一个待办事项清单, 建议在完成一些小事情后再去做那些大的、重要的事情, 由此可知本句与上文构成转折意义, 故E项符合语境。
Test 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。遇到困难与挫折时如何让自己勇敢面对困难 文章就此提出了一些建议。
1.G 解析 根据空格前的 “We don’t like to talk about our struggles, choosing instead to put on a brave face.” 可知, 我们不喜欢谈论遇到的困难, 却选择表现出坚强的样子。根据空格后的 “There are many possible means to prevent ourselves from being knocked down.” 可知, 下文给出了几种防止自己被击倒的方法。G项 “So, when things start to get you down how can you pick yourself back up ” 起承上启下的作用。故选G项。
2.B 解析 上文的 “Hobbies not only fill time, but also help to give you a sense of purpose and something to be proud of.” 与B项 “They may do wonders for your mood.” 都在讲述兴趣带来的好处。故选B项。
3.D 解析 本段主题句是 “Ask for help”, 而D项 “Friends will be happy to help and provide support” 与主题句意思一致, 选项中的help呼应主题句 “Ask for help”。故选D项。
4.A 解析 空格处为本段主题句。根据下文的 “A new view, focusing on tiny surprises in our life, can help you to feel more positive.” 可知, 本段的建议是欣赏生活中的小事, A项 “Try to appreciate the little things.” 可以概括本段内容。故选A项。
5.F 解析 根据本段主题句 “Do things for others.” 可知, 下文主要介绍帮助别人的好处。F项 “Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favour.” 承接上下文。故选F项。
Test 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在不同文化中,外出就餐时需要注意的事项。
1.D 解析 此句为过渡句。上一句提到与文化有关的进餐礼节可能有一些重要的规则会使你惊讶。下一句提到知道一些有用的提示可以确保不管在世界的哪一个角落, 你都能与朋友或家人拥有一次愉快的用餐体验。D项中的 “at a restaurant” 与文章标题中的 “When Dining Out” 呼应。故选D项。
2.F 解析 此句为细节句。根据上一句提到吃饭间歇将筷子放下时, 一定要并排放好, 以便与你面前的桌子边缘保持平行。F项中的 “them” 指代上文中的 “chopsticks”。故选F项。
3.C 解析 此句为细节句。 前两句提到在印度、中东和法国, 人们用餐时使用手或者使用餐具的情况。C项中的 “Mexicans” 衔接上文的 “People in France”, “inappropriate to eat with utensils” 衔接后半句的 “instead preferring to use their hands”。故选C项。
4.G 解析 此句为过渡句。G项中的 “a simple request” 对应小标题 “Making Requests”。故选G项。
5.B 解析 此句为过渡句。根据下文的 “the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices” 可知, 此处为 “the more...the more...(越……越……)” 结构。此外, B项中的 “any given country” 与后半句中的 “its” 形成呼应。故选B项。题型针对练(三)——段中句类
Test 1
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 1 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 4
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Test 2
(2021·广东佛山4月质量检测)
Why Do Movie Theatres Serve Popcorn
The delicious smell. The crunchy(爽脆的) bite. The buttery finish. People will recognise the smell and flavour of their favourite moviegoing snacks anywhere. Why is it that we feast our taste buds on these crisp kernels while our eyes focus on the big screen
1 The main reason is the snack’s price, convenience, and timing. Popcorn was cheap for sellers and for customers, and making it didn’t require special equipment. 2 That is how popcorn got introduced to the silver screen.
Popcorn does not refer to the popped kernel alone. 3 It was originally grown in Central America and became popular in the US in the mid-pared with other snacks at the time, it was super easy to make, and it got easier when the mobile steam power popcorn-maker was invented. In the late 19th century a large number of independent popcorn suppliers became widely available. 4
Since popcorn was cheap to make, it was also cheap to buy, which increased the popularity of this snack during the Great Depression. The Depression increased consumer spending on cheaper luxury items such as popcorn and movies, and the two industries teamed up. 5 By the mid-1940s, however, movie theatres began to have their own concession stands in the lobby. The introduction of the popcorn-driven concession stand to movie theatres kept the movie theatre industry running smoothly, and popcorn has been a basic movie-watching food ever since.
A.A few aspects made popcorn the typical movie snack.
B.They were like the great-great-grandfathers of food trucks.
C.Therefore, movie theatres attracted more and more customers.
D.The secret of popcorn’s pleasant taste lies in the special material.
E.It’s also the name for the specific type of corn that is used to make the snack.
F.Theatres would allow a popcorn salesman to sell popcorn outside for a daily fee.
G.Popcorn also got popular at a time when theatres badly needed an economic increase.
Test 3
(2021·湖北武汉高三4月质检)
How to Choose the Right University Degree for You
Choosing the right university degree is perhaps one of the biggest decisions that you might make in your life. If you are in the process of applying to a university and aren’t sure which degree to choose, here are some things you can do to help you make the right choice.
1
Many teens who are in the process of applying to a university end up being pressured by parents or other family members to apply to study subjects that they are good at but don’t really enjoy. 2 Remember, it’s always easier to improve your knowledge and skills around a certain subject if you are truly passionate about it.
Get some work experience.
There’s nothing like actually experiencing something to help you determine what you might want to do. 3 But you may be able to spend a day in the office or workplace shadowing people who work in those careers and asking them questions.
Think about your future goals.
When you think about your future goals, don’t just think about the work that you want to do—consider the other goals that you have for your life as well. 4 If so, a career as an English teacher or a translator might be the perfect option for you. Perhaps you want a job where you can help others every day, and then medicine, nursing or counselling could be an ideal choice. 5 Then degrees in film, art, and architecture are great choices.
A.Think about what you like.
B.Do you want to travel a lot
C.You don’t have to be employed.
D.Think about what you’re good at.
E.Maybe you want to have many fans.
F.Try not to let others push this on you.
G.Maybe you’re a very creative person.
Test 4
(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考第二次考试)
Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with higher expectations and the process of finding your place in the world. 1 The following are things you can do to achieve that!
2 Everyone is different in their teenage years. Some teens prefer to spend time with friends, while others prefer to study and work; some prefer to be quiet wallflowers(待在一旁的人), while others are loud. Saying that there’s only one way to enjoy your teenage years is wrong.
Develop your sense of self, focusing more on your own thoughts. 3 Stop paying so much attention to them as many of them are based on what other people think, instead of what you think. Go ahead and do what you want, without factoring others’ opinions in.
Work on your work ethic(职业道德). What you accomplish in your teenage years may determine your opportunities in your adulthood, so dedicate some time to studying and do your best. Learn how to prioritise, whether it’s with schoolwork, or any extra-curricular activities. Boost your studying skills. 4
Keep good relations with your family as much as possible. 5 It’s the building blocks for all relationships you develop, whether they’re friendships, romantic relationships, or a family you choose to have later on in life. And plus, you see them every day—why not make it nice to spend time with them
A.Avoid rushing to figure out who you are.
B.For lots of people, the teenage years are full of worries.
C.But that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the teenage years.
D.Family is one of the most important connections in your life.
E.They may not seem enjoyable, but they’re helpful later on in life.
F.Understand that there’s no invariable way to enjoy your teenager years.
G.Being a teenager is not necessarily any easier or more difficult than other life stages.
参考答案
题型针对练(三)——段中句类
Test 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何选择锻炼伙伴。
1.C 解析 此句为过渡句。上文提到其中的一个原因是 “如果你知道有人在健身房等你, 你就会在那儿出现”, 结合空格前面的 “another read” 可知, 空格处应为另一个原因。C项 “如果你和别人一起训练, 你会更加努力。”可起到承上启下的作用。
2.D 解析 此句为细节句。根据下文的 “Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility ” 可知,所填的句子也应该是一个一般疑问句。D项 “你想在你最喜欢的运动中成为一名更好的运动员吗 ” 可以和下文构成选择关系。
3.B 解析 此句为细节句。根据空格后面的 “If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.” 可知, B项 “锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。” 可引出下文。
4.G 解析 此句为总结句。根据上文的 “My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do...” 可知, 本段的内容和notice有关, 该词也是解题的关键。G项 “任何针对锻炼伙伴的通知都应包括此类信息。” 可作为对该段的总结。其中notice为同词复现。
5.F 解析 此句为过渡句。根据本段的主题句 “You and your partner will probably have different skills. ( 你和你的伙伴可能会有不同的技能)” 可知, F项 “接受你们的不同, 学会相互合作。” 可承接上文。其中different和difference是同根词复现。
Test 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爆米花的一些特点、制作工艺的发展情况, 以及爆米花是如何成为一种观影食品的。
1.A 解析 根据下文的 “The main reason is the snack’s price, convenience, and timing. Popcorn was cheap for sellers and for customers, and making it didn’t require special equipment.” 可知, 本段主要在分析爆米花成为电影院零食的原因。句中the snack指代A项中的popcorn。因而A项 “有几个方面促使爆米花成为典型的电影零食。” 符合语境。故选A项。
2.G 解析 根据下文的 “That is how popcorn got introduced to the silver screen.” 可知, 本句提到爆米花因为某些原因被引入电影院, 由此推知本句在说明这一原因的具体内容: 电影院急需经济增长。因而G项 “爆米花在电影院急需经济增长的时候也很受欢迎。” 符合语境。故选G项。
3.E 解析 根据上文的 “Popcorn does not refer to the popped kernel alone.” 及下文的 “It was originally grown in Central America and became popular in the US in the mid-1800s.” 可知, 上文提到爆米花不仅指被爆开的果仁, 下文则提到了爆米花品种的情况, 因此设空处应承接上文继续就爆米花的品种展开说明, E项中It指代上文的Popcorn, 因而E项 “它也是用于制作小吃的特定玉米类型的名称。” 符合语境。故选E项。
4.B 解析 根据上文的 “Compared with other snacks at the time, it was super easy to make, and it got easier when the mobile steam power popcorn-maker was invented. In the late 19th century a large number of independent popcorn suppliers became widely available.” 可知, 上文提到了一种制作爆米花的装置, 设空句为本段最后一句, 应承接上文继续就这种装置展开说明, B项中They指代上文a large number of independent popcorn suppliers, 因而B项 “它们就像快餐车的祖先一样。” 符合语境。故选B项。
5.F 解析 根据上文的 “Since popcorn was cheap to make, it was also cheap to buy, which increased the popularity of this snack during the Great Depression ...such as popcorn and movies, and the two industries teamed up.” 可知, 爆米花行业和电影行业开始合作, 故本句承接上文说明如何合作, 因而F项 “影院允许爆米花推销员在(电影院)外面卖爆米花, 每天收取一定的费用。” 符合语境。故选F项。
Test 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了选择所学专业的三种方法——考虑喜欢什么, 获取工作经验和思考未来的目标。
1.A 解析 根据下文的 “...you are truly passionate about it.” 可知, 本小标题的相关内容是建议在选择专业时可以考虑自己的爱好, 因而A项 “考虑你喜欢什么。” 符合语境。故选A项。
2.F 解析 根据上文的 “Many teens who are in the process of applying to a university end up being pressured by parents or other family members to apply to study subjects that they are good at but don’t really enjoy.” 可知, 选择专业要遵从自己的内心, 不要受其他人的影响。由此可知, F项 “不要让别人把这件事强加给你。” 符合语境。故选F项。
3.C 解析 根据上文的 “There’s nothing like actually experiencing something to help you determine what you might want to do.” 及下文的 “But you may be able to spend a day in the office or workplace shadowing people who work in those careers and asking them questions.” 可知, 上下文是转折关系, 我们需要亲自体验但不一定要入职, 因而C项 “你不需要被雇用。” 符合语境。故选C项。
4.B 解析 根据本段小标题 “Think about your future goals.” 及下文的 “If so, a career as an English teacher or a translator might be the perfect option for you.” 可推测, 做英语教师或翻译和出国旅游有关, 因而B项 “你想多去旅行吗 ” 符合语境。故选B项。
5.G 解析 根据下文的 “Then degrees in film, art, and architecture are great choices.” 可知, 这些工作与创造力有关, 因而G项 “也许你是个很有创造力的人。” 符合语境。故选G项。
Test 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了更好地享受青少年时期的多种方法。
1.C 解析 根据上文的 “Being a teenager can be difficult, since you’re dealing with higher expectations and the process of finding your place in the world.” 及下文的 “The following are things you can do to achieve that!” 可知, 设空处和上文形成转折关系, 因而C项 “但这并不意味着你不能享受青少年时期。” 符合语境。故选C项。
2.F 解析 根据设空处后的 “Everyone is different in their teenage years. Some teens prefer ... while others prefer to ... some ... while others ... Saying that there’s only one way to enjoy your teenage years is wrong.” 可知, 此段主要提到每个人享受青少年时期的方式不是固定不变的。因而F项 “要明白没有一成不变的方式来享受你的青少年时期。” 符合语境。故选F项。
3.B 解析 根据下文的 “Stop paying so much attention to them as many of them are based on what other people think, instead of what you think.” 可知, 不要把太多的精力放在焦虑上, B项中的worries和them对应。因而B项 “对于很多人来说, 青少年时期充满了烦恼。” 符合语境。故选B项。
4.E 解析 根据上文的 “...dedicate some time to studying and do your best. Learn how to prioritise, whether it’s with schoolwork, or any extra-curricular activities. Boost your studying skills.” 可知, 上述这些学习行为可能不那么有乐趣, 但是对以后的生活很有帮助, 因而E项 “它们可能看起来没有令人很愉快, 但对以后的生活有帮助。” 符合语境。故选E项。
5.D 解析 根据上文的 “Keep good relations with your family as much as possible.” 及下文的 “It’s the building blocks for all relationships you develop, whether they’re friendships, romantic relationships, or a family you choose to have later on in life.” 可知, 此处讲家庭的重要性, 因而D项 “家庭是你生活中最重要的联系之一。” 符合语境。故选D项。
