50分阅读限时满分练(二)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
(2022·全国乙卷)
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00 -17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1.What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
A.Sun.26 Oct. B.Thurs.30 Oct.
C.Thurs.6 Nov. D.Thurs.13 Nov.
2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B.￡8.
C.￡12. D.￡16.
3.How can full-time students get group discounts
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
B
(2023·吉林白山高三第一次联考)
About 15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a businessman and cycling enthusiast, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a good friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus(脑积水), a buildup of liquid in the brain that often causes balance disturbances.
When he got home, McLindon went online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his friends, having fun and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon obtained from his friend’s reaction. “To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon says, “I’ll never forget the smile on the boy’s face.”
That smile has contributed to launching the McLindon Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab(小儿科康复) clinics to find children who can benefit from owning an adaptive bike —and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the special child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking mechanism in the back. The bikes are expensive —$3,000 to $4,000, and that’s with the foundation’s steep producer’s discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
“We worked with a 14-year-old girl who has spina bifida (脊柱裂),” says McLindon. “She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for professional sports training. In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was an athlete in me.’”
So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies,” McLindon says. “But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.”
4.Which of the following led McLindon to start the foundation
A.His enthusiasm for cycling.
B.The joy a bike brought to a kid.
C.The proposal from his good friend.
D.His son’s suffering from a brain disease.
5.What can we learn about the bikes from the text
A.They lack fund support.
B.They have safety issues.
C.They are very cheap and affordable.
D.They are designed for disabled kids.
6.What change did the bike bring to the 14-year-old girl
A.She recovered physically.
B.She stopped watching TV.
C.Her athletic potential was developed.
D.Her desire to give was stimulated.
7.What is the text mainly about
A.A bike seller.
B.Life-altering cycles.
C.Mentally-disabled kids.
D.An interactive platform.
C
(2021·山东济南高三适应性考试)
They say everything is bigger in Texas. While that may be true, some of the best things in Texas are quite small. Here is a case in point: tiny Mount Vernon, a town of just under 3,000 people. But if you do come across Mount Vernon, you might just get an intention to stay. That happens a lot around here, and it’s worth noting how remarkable that is.
Tom Wilkinson was born in Mount Vernon 87 years ago and moved back after he retired from his career as a college English professor in Dallas. Like many of his neighbours, Wilkinson can track his ancestors back to the pioneers who settled here in the 1870s. And like many, he values the simple life you can’t easily find in big cities.“People are still polite. They hold the door open for you,” he says.“We grow strong roots here!”
Preserving and honouring the past has been key to helping Mount Vernon survive. The residents have restored and reopened some of the empty stores, including the old barbershop, built more than 100 years ago. An old general store was turned into a combination space. Wander in on any given day and you might find a book club discussion or a work session for the local genealogy(家谱) group among the tables of people chatting over cups of coffee and plates of food.
Mount Vernon has the kind of big hearts you tend to find in a small town. For instance, when a local policeman was diagnosed with cancer last year, ten-year-old Lola McKellar set up a lemonade stand to raise money for his treatments. In 2015, when a 350-year flood sent water rushing into local homes, an army of volunteers showed up to get a wheelchair-bound neighbour and his wife to higher ground, and then came back to help others.
8.What does the author think of Mount Vernon
A.Remote.
B.Wealthy.
C.Primitive.
D.Attractive.
9.Why did Tom Wilkinson come back to Mount Vernon
A.He preferred the simple and natural life.
B.He could continue his language teaching.
C.He could live together with his ancestors.
D.He could meet more neighbours of his age.
10.What can we infer about people’s way of life in Mount Vernon from paragraph 3
A.It is in danger of extinction.
B.It is quickly changing over time.
C.It is conservative but harmonious.
D.It is being disturbed by the outside world.
11.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The history of Mount Vernon.
B.The humanity of Mount Vernon.
C.The volunteers of Mount Vernon.
D.The reconstruction of Mount Vernon.
D
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码)experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
12.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
13.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A.To compare different types of park-goers.
B.To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C.To analyze the main features of the park.
D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
15.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A.Language study.
B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education.
D.Intercultural communication.
Ⅱ.七选五 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
(2023·山东济宁高三一模)
STEM vs. STEAM
STEM is short for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The term was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001. Since then, STEM-focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States. However, education is a constantly evolving game. 16 One of the latest philosophies gaining STEAM is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate.
The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. 17 Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create. Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.
18 They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. 19 Furthermore, for kids who might be turned off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers, highlighting the artistic component of lessons can reach out and draw them in.
While they seem to be opposed, both sides of this argument may have the right idea. 20 Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields. Also, the most basic of all children’s toys, wooden blocks, are an incredible example of STEAM exploration. They bring design, geometry, and engineering concepts to our youngest learners, setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking.
A.The STEAMers disagree.
B.Actually, science and arts are inseparable.
C.It consistently introduces new theories and practices.
D.Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach.
E.Thus, good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge.
F.It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges.
G.They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students.
参考答案
50分阅读限时满分练(二)
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰著名画家Henry Raeburn的作品展, 包括系列讲座的时间安排、展览的时间及收费标准等。
1.B 解析 细节理解题。根据文中Raeburn’s English Contemporaries的表格信息可知, 恰当的参加时间为10月30日, 星期四。 故选B项。
2.B 解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的信息可知, 参观者为一对夫妇外加两个12岁以下的孩子, 再根据Admission中的内容可知, 12岁以下儿童在成人陪同下免费入场, 每位成年人需要花费4英镑, 两个大人是8英镑。故选B项。
3.C 解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息full-time students及group discounts可迅速定位到文章最后一段内容; 根据文中的in organised groups with teachers可知, 在老师的带领下才能享有团体折扣。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自行车爱好者安德鲁·麦克林登创立麦克林登家族基金会, 为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作适合他们骑行的特殊自行车。
4.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus, a buildup of liquid in the brain that often causes balance disturbances”, 第二段中的“McLindon says,‘I’ll never forget the smile on the boy’s face.’”及第三段中的“That smile has contributed to launching the McLindon Family Foundation.”可知, 麦克林登看到那些从未体验过骑自行车乐趣的孩子们骑上了自行车, 孩子们脸上的笑容促使他成立基金会。故选B项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Funded by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab clinics to find children who can benefit from owning an adaptive bike—and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the special child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking mechanism in the back.”可知, 这种自行车是为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作的适合他们骑行的特殊自行车, 即它们是为残疾儿童设计的。故选D项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for professional sports training. In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was an athlete in me.’”可知, 自行车让这个14岁的女孩知道自己有运动员的潜质, 即她的运动潜力得到了开发。故选C项。
7.B 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文, 文章讲述了自行车爱好者安德鲁·麦克林登创立麦克林登家族基金会, 为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作适合他们骑行的特殊自行车, 从而改变了他们的生活。故B项“Life-altering cycles(改变一生的自行车)”能概括文章主要内容。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了居住在得克萨斯州Mount Vernon小镇的人们返璞归真的生活方式。
8.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “But if you do come across Mount Vernon, you might just get an intention to stay.” 可推知, 作者认为Mount Vernon 小镇很有吸引力。故选D项。
9.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “And like many, he values the simple life you can’t easily find in big cities.” 可知, Tom Wilkinson退休后回到故乡, 是因为他喜欢那里简单自然的生活方式。故选A项。
10.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Preserving and honouring the past has been key to helping Mount Vernon survive.” 以及 “Wander in on any given day and you might find a book club discussion or a work session for the local genealogy group among the tables of people chatting over cups of coffee and plates of food.” 可知, Mount Vernon小镇的生活保守而和谐。 故选C项。
11.B 解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段中的 “Mount Vernon has the kind of big hearts you tend to find in a small town.” 及本段的两个例子可知, 本段主要说明了Mount Vernon小镇有人情味。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。随着城市的飞速发展, 人们接触大自然的机会越来越少。研究发现, 人类的健康和幸福与城市中自然场所息息相关。研究人员正试图创建一种“语言”, 帮助人们更好地与大自然互动。
12.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.”以及第二句中的“...but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.”可知, 作者在文章的开头所描述的现象是:在城市里居住的人越来越难以找到相对野生的环境。故选B项。
13.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句和第五段第一句可推知, 研究人员把参与者提交的编码分类, 就是为了从中查找人与自然互动的模式。故选D项。
14.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段所举的例子“. . . the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.”可知, 同样的自然体验可以通过不同的形式获得:周末在公园里徒步走, 工作日则利用午休时间在喷泉旁散步。故选C项。
15.B 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知, 我们需要先保护大自然, 然后才能更好地与大自然互动。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教育理念STEM与STEAM的不同之处。
16.C 解析 根据上文“However, education is a constantly evolving game.”可知,教育是不断发展的, 以及下文“One of the latest philosophies gaining STEAM is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate.”说明教育发展过程中引入一些元素, 形成新的理论, C项“它不断引入新的理论和实践。”承上启下, 符合题意。故选C项。
17.D 解析 根据上文“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles.”以及下文“Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.”可知,STEM教育理念的相信者认为不需要增加艺术元素, D项“他们的想法是, 他们的方法中已经有足够的艺术。”说明他们认为不需要添加艺术元素的原因, 符合题意。故选D项。
18.A 解析 根据上文“The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles.”以及下文“They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively.”可知,STEAM理念的相信者认为需要加入艺术元素, 与STEM的理念不同, A项“STEAM公司不同意。”承上启下, 符合题意。故选A项。
19.F 解析 根据上文“Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities.”可知, 调动学生艺术力量的益处, F项中It指代上文中的engaging students’ arts strength, F项“它还能提高在复杂任务和挑战中成功的概率。”进一步说明调动学生艺术力量的益处, 符合题意。故选F项。
20.B 解析 根据下文“Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields.”可知,技术和艺术不可分割, B项“事实上, 科学和艺术是不可分割的。”引出下文, 符合题意。故选B项。50分阅读限时满分练(四)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
(2023·全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明)of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry(c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, and then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
B
(2021·宁夏银川高三教学质量检测)
As I lay here in my hard, uncomfortable hospital bed, all I could think about was how badly I wanted to leave this place. It had been four days of doctors giving bad news, medicine injections, procedures, MRIs and restless nights. I had been able to eat one meal a day due to the surgeries I was scheduled for later. I asked my mum to bring me my car keys and on my key chain there was a soft piece of leather made from my first baseball glove. She looked worried and sad, handing the key chain to me. In the fibres of the leather were so many memories that had transformed me as a person.
I grabbed my keys and touched a smooth piece of leather. It was a nice coffee brown and about 3 inches in length. Every time I touched it, I would think of one thing—baseball. The key chain was made from my first baseball glove that I cherished so much. It carried great moments like championships as well as moments when I struck out and lost.
All of a sudden, my nurse walked in and I jumped when I heard her voice. She didn’t mean to interrupt, but I needed more medicine. Once she left, I focused back and grasped the cowhide. I rubbed my fingers up and down just feeling this reminder of the game. It took me on a wild road trip through my brain and I would stop at each baseball memory. This time I began to picture the people that were involved in my baseball life.
I opened my eyes, realising the road trip that I used to be on had gone with the wind. My gaze shifted to the clock on the opposite wall. Almost an hour had passed! Even in tough times the things and people you love could help you escape and you would get over all the difficulties.
4.What made the author’s mother worried
A.The author’s skill in baseball.
B.The author’s attitude to his life.
C.The author’s present situation.
D.The poor condition of the hospital.
5.Why did the author treasure the key chain
A.It brought back plenty of memories.
B.It was soft and comfortable to touch.
C.It had witnessed his great moments.
D.It was made from one of his baseball gloves.
6.What does the underlined word “cowhide” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Medicine. B.Baseball.
C.Glove. D.Leather.
7.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.The author feels depressed.
B.The author is confident of his future.
C.The author cherishes his past experience.
D.The author feels tired of the life in the hospital.
C
(2021·江苏泰州高三第二次联考)
What should we get for our kids this holiday As children get older, giving them something they can experience instead of material things makes them happier, according to a new research led by Chaplin.
The research compares the level of happiness children get from material things with that from experiences. The results shows that children aged 3 through 12 get more happiness from material things than from experiences. However, older children get more happiness from experiences than from their possessions.
“It means experiences are highly preferred by adolescents, not just expensive material things,” Chaplin says. She continues explaining,“Don’t get me wrong. Young children do love experiences. And given this concept, theme parks such as Disneyland are being built everywhere. In fact, young children are excited throughout the experience. However, for experiences to provide lasting happiness, children must be able to recall details of the events.”
Long after they have unwrapped their toys, there will still be a physical reminder to give them happiness. However, young children can’t see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a long time. There’s an easy fix, though, according to Chaplin.
“Take pictures or videos of family walks, playing in the snow, and birthday parties,” she says.“Children are likely to appreciate those experiences more if there is something to remind them of the event. Additionally, they’ll be able to learn the social value of shared experiences.”
Children will remember and appreciate not only the birthday gifts they received, but also the time spent with family and friends as they recall the experience through concrete reminders such as photos and videos.
Since memory is developed over time, it’s likely that children, especially young ones, may not get as much happiness from past experiences as from possessions. But with age, creating new memories and exploring new interests may be far more valuable than getting possessions.
8.Why are theme parks springing up according to Chaplin
A.They can offer children lasting happiness.
B.Events in them are centred on specific themes.
C.Direct involvement in events there caters to children.
D.Kids have an affection for the atmosphere they offer.
9.The underlined word “fix” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by “ ”.
A.solution B.arrangement
C.preparation D.focus
10.Which of the following would Chaplin probably agree with
A.Videos appeal to children more than gifts.
B.Toys are not kids’ cup of tea.
C.Older children value family time more than younger ones.
D.Physical reminders help remember past experiences better.
11.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Experiences are better gifts for older children.
B.Social values should be put in the first place.
C.New interests are most precious for children.
D.Material possessions bring more happiness to children.
D
(2023·山东济宁高三一模)
With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists(计量学家) worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon
The Moon doesn’t currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinated universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth’s clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.
The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time.
Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.
Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm(算法) to generate a more accurate ‘virtual’ timepiece.
What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC.The alternative would be to use the synthesized(同步) output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC.That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.
Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more-distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars.
12.What’s the main idea of paragraph 2
A.The working principle of UTC.
B.The achievements of space mission.
C.The urgency to develop satellite navigation.
D.The problem of current lunar timing method.
13.What is the major barrier to defining lunar time
A.Lack of professional guidance.
B.The disagreement among metrologists.
C.Different gravitational pull on the Moon.
D.The complexity of installing master clocks.
14.What’s the advantage of defining the Moon’s independent time
A.Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding.
B.Preventing spacecraft losing connection with the Earth.
C.Helping humans land on the more-distant planets.
D.Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time.
15.What’s the best title of the text
A.What Time Is It on the Moon
B.When will Man Settle on the Moon
C.Lunar exploration: A Career Bound to Revive
D.GNSS: A More Precise Lunar Tracking System
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
(2021·江苏如皋高三第二次适应性考试)
Mixing murals, sculpture and calligraphy, grotto(石窟) temples are historical treasures of ancient Chinese art, values and spirits. Thousands of people flock to grotto temples each year. 16
In October, the National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued a notice, urging the protection of China’s grotto temples. Grotto temple workers are required to do research and determine how many daily visitors they can safely handle. 17 Visitors are encouraged to visit at different periods or have virtual experiences related to the cultural heritage sites. These measures are aimed at preserving these relics, as both human and environmental factors have caused harm.
Tourists often touch the sculptures, leading to changes in the surface and colour of the figures gradually. 18 And even the most well-behaved tourists can unknowingly cause harm to the relics. Over many centuries, the ancient rocks that make up these grottoes slowly corrode(腐蚀) due to the acid content of air, water and microorganisms. 19 According to a study by the China University of Geosciences, the carbon dioxide that visitors breathe out has made the air more acid. At the Mogao Grottoes in Gansu, researchers also found that microorganisms brought in unintentionally by visitors themselves have also led to changes in colour in murals.
“ 20 Seeing the grottoes in depth, it will help people better understand Chinese philosophy and humanities from a historical perspective,” a regional director of the Yungang Grottoes Research Academy told China News.
A.Preserving these relics is important.
B.Yet these relics are threatened by visitors.
C.The new rule received support from visitors.
D.The light from cameras can also damage the relics.
E.The visitors’ number should be controlled based on this research.
F.But when the grottoes are open to the public, the process speeds up.
G.Efforts should also go into advertising the beauty of grotto temples.
参考答案
50分阅读限时满分练(四)
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位医学界从业人员的基本情况。
1.C 解析 细节理解题。根据Jacqueline介绍中的“where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”, 以及James介绍中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知, 她们两人的共同之处是都可以做外科手术。故选C项。
2.A 解析 细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian介绍中的最后一句“In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.”可知, 她写了一本书。其余三人的介绍中都没有提到写过书。故选A项。
3.D 解析 细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler介绍中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.”可知, 她是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己生病住院期间, 在最难熬的日子里回忆起了很多过去的时光并对未来充满了希望。
4.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “It had been four days of doctors giving bad news, medicine injections, procedures, MRIs and restless nights.” 可知, 作者的状况不好, 这让他的妈妈非常担心。故选C项。
5.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “In the fibres of the leather were so many memories that had transformed me as a person.” 可知, 因为钥匙链承载着很多回忆, 因此作者很珍惜它。故选A项。
6.D 解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段的 “I rubbed my fingers up and down just feeling this reminder of the game. It took me on a wild road trip through my brain and I would stop at each baseball memory.” 可知, cowhide指第二段首句 “I grabbed my keys and touched a smooth piece of leather.” 中提到的leather。故选D项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Even in tough times the things and people you love could help you escape and you would get over all the difficulties.” 可知, 作者对未来很有信心。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明, 随着孩子年龄的增长, 给他们一些可以体验的东西比给他们物质的东西可以使孩子们更快乐。
8.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “It means experiences are highly preferred by adolescents, not just expensive material things, ...And given this concept, theme parks such as Disneyland are being built everywhere. In fact, young children are excited throughout the experience.” 可知, 参与活动更能迎合孩子的喜好, 这正是主题公园兴起的原因。故选C项。
9.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “However, young children can’t see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a long time.” 可知, 画线词 fix应为 “解决方法” 之意。故选A项。
10.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知, 孩子能通过有形的事情, 比如照片和视频, 更好地回忆过去的美好。故选D项。
11.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “As children get older, giving them something they can experience instead of material things makes them happier ...” 可知, 给孩子们一些可以体验的东西, 会让他们更快乐; 再根据第二段中的 “However, older children get more happiness from experiences than from their possessions.” 可知, 年龄稍大的孩子从经历中获得的快乐比从他们拥有的东西中获得的多。由此可推断, 经历对年长的孩子来说是更好的礼物。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是设定月球时间的必要性、面临的挑战, 以及设定月球时间的方案。
12.D 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.”可知, 当多个飞船共同工作时, 当前的月球计时方法就会出现问题, 而且航天机构依赖精确的时间来跟踪飞船, 这时月球计时会产生很多问题。因此本段介绍当前月球计时方法存在的问题。故选D项。
13.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.”可知, 设定月球时间的障碍是月球上的引力。故选C项。
14.A 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The alternative would be to use the synthesized output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC. That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.”可知, 设定月球独立的时间后, 即使失去与地球的联系, 月球上的时间也可以始终保持一致。故选A项。
15.A 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon ”及下文中分析设定月球时间的必要性、面临的挑战及方案可知, 本文主要是围绕着设定独立月球时间展开, 因此A项“月球上几点了 ”与主题内容吻合。故选A项。
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。由于游客增多会加速文物的损坏, 为控制游客数量, 相关部门发布通知,鼓励游客在不同的时间段参观, 或进行与文物古迹相关的虚拟体验。
16.B 解析 根据上文的 “Thousands of people flock to grotto temples each year.” 可知, 有很多人去参观石窟寺。下文的 “In October, the National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued a notice, urging the protection of China’s grotto temples.” 提到要保护石窟寺。由此推知设空处内容应起到承上启下的作用, 因此B项 “然而这些遗迹受到了游客的威胁。” 符合语境。故选B项。
17.E 解析 根据上文的 “Grotto temple workers are required to do research and determine how many daily visitors they can safely handle.” 可知, 此处指通过调查确定石窟寺接待游客的安全数量, 以控制游客的数量, 因此E项 “基于这项研究, 游客的数量应该得到控制。” 符合语境, 选项中的this research呼应上文的research。故选E项。
18.D 解析 根据上文的 “Tourists often touch the sculptures, leading to changes in the surface and colour of the figures gradually.” 与下文的 “And even the most well-behaved tourists can unknowingly cause harm to the relics.” 可知, 设空处前后都在介绍游客对遗址的损害行为, 因此D项 “来自相机的光线也会损坏文物。” 符合语境。故选D项。
19.F 解析 根据上文的 “...the ancient rocks that make up these grottoes slowly corrode due to the acid content of air, water and microorganisms.” 和下文的 “...the carbon dioxide that visitors breathe out has made the air more acid.” 可推知, 设空处可能陈述游客会加速石窟的损坏。因此F项 “但当石窟向公众开放时,这个过程就加快了。” 符合语境。故选F项。
20.A 解析 根据下文的 “Seeing the grottoes in depth, it will help people better understand Chinese philosophy and humanities from a historical perspective” 可知, 研究石窟对理解中国哲学和人文有好处, 因此我们要保护石窟遗存, 因此A项 “保存这些遗迹很重要。” 符合语境。故选A项。50分阅读限时满分练(三)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running: February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)
Departing from the Cannery:Tour times upon request
Duration(时长): 2 hours
Price: $90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running: August 16th through August 31st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 p.m. and 7:30 p.m.
Duration: 2 hours
Price: $90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running: October 10th through October 31st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 p.m. and 8:30 p.m.
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Price: Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running: December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m.
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
1.Which of the tours is available in March
A.San Francisco Winery Tour.
B.Back to the Fifties Tour.
C.Spooky Halloween Tour.
D.Holiday Lights Tour.
2.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour
A.Go to Treasure Island.
B.Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C.Have free ice cream.
D.Visit the Presidio district.
3.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour
A.Take some drinks.
B.Set off early in the morning.
C.Wear warm clothes.
D.Make reservations in advance.
B
(2021·陕西高三模拟)
It was a dark night. Thick, dark, gray clouds had made sure that there was no starlight or moonlight to greet me as I walked out on my porch. Still, I kept the porch light off because I didn’t want to be surrounded by bugs and moths(飞蛾) on this sticky summer evening. I stood there for a while letting my eyes adjust to the lack of light. My dog stood beside me waiting patiently for me to start her walk. It was then, though, that I saw them. First one blink of light at the far end of the meadow was followed by another and then another. I smiled. I recognised them at once as my firefly friends, who always showed up at this time of year.
I got so much joy watching them first as a child and then as an adult. They never became dull or boring and they always filled me with delight. When I was little I used to sit in the grass and watch them slowly fly around blinking on and off. I never caught and put one in a jar as some kids did because I was afraid I might kill it and I never wanted to hurt these messengers(信使) of light. Their time on earth was so brief as it was. I tried to enjoy them each time they were here. It always saddened me when they disappeared in the fall and it always made my heart sing when they reappeared the next summer.
I think I enjoy these little fireflies so much because I can see that we are like them in a lot of ways. Our time here on earth is brief. Often our light and love are more like blinks rather than a steady shine. Let’s share our light and love while we are here then.
4.Why did the author turn off his porch light
A.To avoid some insects.
B.To adapt to surroundings.
C.To search for his dog.
D.To greet special friends.
5.What can we know about fireflies
A.They always frightened the author.
B.Most kids wanted to put them in a jar.
C.The author watched them every night.
D.They usually brightened the author.
6.What does the author mainly convey through the story
A.Value our short life in the world.
B.Protect fireflies as well as possible.
C.Devote ourselves as much as possible.
D.Share as many inspiring stories as possible.
7.What can be the best title for the text
A.A Special Summer Night
B.Messengers of Light
C.Human’s Best Friends
D.Fireflies — Shinning Forever
C
(2021·河北唐山二模)
A 293-million-mile journey of the NASA Perseverance rover(探测器) to Mars ended successfully on February 18, 2021, with a picture-perfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car-sized, six-wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy,is the US space agency’s biggest and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial(微生物的) life on Mars.
Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet’s gravitational pull causes the approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere—just 1 percent of the Earth’s—does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.
The scientists had to reduce Percy’s 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph—in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be precise 12 degrees—any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the “seven minutes of terror”.
Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the perfect landing spot. Its complex map-reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location.
The NASA scientists spent the next two months testing Percy’s scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover would begin to carry out its mission.
“Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof,” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division.“While we’ll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well-equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples carry evidence that Mars once harboured life.”
8.What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars
A.The speed reduction.
B.The atmosphere analysis.
C.The location search.
D.The time management.
9.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.Ways to find the precise entry angle.
B.Consequences of a wrong entry degree.
C.Factors to survive “the seven minutes”.
D.Reasons for the necessity of speed reducing.
10.What does “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A.The spot. B.The area.
C.The system. D.The surface.
11.What can be inferred from Lori Glaze’s words
A.Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable.
B.Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed.
C.Man still has a long way to go to prove life was on Mars.
D.Samples of Mars will be returned soon to our labs on Earth.
D
I told my friend Graham that I often cycled two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there was a big hill on the route. He replied,“You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.
My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote,“The character cannot be developed with ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. Some are of our own making but many confront us through no fault of our own. While we cannot choose adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said,“Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that. That’s nonsense. Make up your mind, and you’ll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”
The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won. Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.
12.Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage
A.Those who want to achieve success can’t expect to live an easy life.
B.Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.
C.Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people’s health.
D.People’s attitude towards hardships is the only factor of their success.
13.By quoting what Douglas Bader said, the author intends to tell us “ ” .
A.Failure is the mother of success
B.A bad workman quarrels with his tools
C.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try
D.If you risk nothing, you will have nothing
14.Following this passage, the author will further talk about .
A.how his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced
B.why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble
C.what steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face
D.what great people have in common
15.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A.Different attitudes towards misfortune
B.Face difficulties with a smile
C.Nothing is impossible
D.Life is full of adversity
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
(2023·山东日照高三一模)
The process by which rich land becomes desert is called desertification(沙漠化). 16 The U.N. says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of the continent’s countries. The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change. 17 They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment. Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago. 18
Launched in 2007, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. 19 It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.
20 They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent. For example, efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have resulted in nearly 140, 000 hectares of newly planted forest.
The U. N. desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A.It has severe impacts on the environment.
B.That is only 4 percent of the program’s goal.
C.However, it is difficult to carry out the project.
D.But the project has been facing many problems.
E.The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
F.Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful.
G.Some countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
参考答案
50分阅读限时满分练(三)
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了旧金山的四个旅游活动及路线。
1.A 解析 细节理解题。根据San Francisco Winery Tour部分中的Running: February 1st through April 30th可知, 旧金山酒庄之旅从2月1日持续到4月30日。故选A项。
2.C 解析 细节理解题。根据Back to the Fifties Tour部分中的 “Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.” 可知,在Back to the Fifties Tour中, 游客可以免费享用冰激凌。故选C项。
3.D 解析 细节理解题。根据Holiday Lights Tour部分最后一句 “Advance reservations required.” 可知, Holiday Lights Tour需要提前预订。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在黑暗的夏夜行走, 又遇到了熟悉的萤火虫朋友。它们虽然在世间存在的时间很短暂, 但是给人们带来了宝贵的亮光。
4.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Still, I kept the porch light off because I didn’t want to be surrounded by bugs and moths on this sticky summer evening.” 可知, 作者关掉门厅灯是因为不想受到小虫子和飞蛾的烦扰。故选A项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “I got so much joy watching them...they always filled me with delight.” 可知, 作者很喜欢观察萤火虫, 它们总是给作者带来欢乐。故选D项。
6.C 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “I think I enjoy these little fireflies so much because I can see that we are like them in a lot of ways ... Let’s share our light and love while we are here then.” 可知, 作者写此文的目的是建议我们要像萤火虫一样, 在有限的时间里尽量分享我们的光和爱。故选C项。
7.B 解析 标题归纳题。根据第二段中的 “Their time on earth was so brief as it was. I tried to enjoy them each time they were here.” 可知, 萤火虫虽然在世间存在的时间很短暂, 但是给人们带来了宝贵的亮光。因此B项作为文章标题最合适。
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国航天局 “毅力号” 火星探测器成功登陆火星的有关信息。
8.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “The Red Planet’s gravitational pull causes the approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere—just 1 percent of the Earth’s—does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.” 可知, 宇宙飞船在火星上着陆时, 减速是一件困难的事情。故选A项。
9.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第三段中的 “The scientists had to reduce Percy’s 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph—in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be precise 12 degrees—any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space.” 可推知, 本段主要描述在 “恐怖七分钟” 中影响幸存的因素。故选C项。
10.B 解析 代词指代题。根据it之前的scanned the area及之后的with maps in its database to find the best location可知, 扫描该区域, 并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配来找到最佳着陆点。 it指代的是该区域。故选B项。
11.C 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “...but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof” 及 “...it may very well require the far more well-equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples carry evidence that Mars once harboured life.” 可知, 要证明火星上是否孕育过生命需要地球上具有设备更完善的实验室和精密仪器, 因此人类在这方面还有很长的路要走。 故选C项。
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者在上学的路上每天都要经过一座山, 作者为此感到不幸, 但经过和朋友的一番谈话, 渐渐明白了要微笑着面对困难。
12.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.” 可知, 简单容易的生活不会使我们取得成功。据此可以推断, 想要成功就不要期望过容易的生活。故选A项。
13.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “Make up your mind, and you’ll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything ... impossible.” 可知, Douglas Bader认为面对困难应当勇敢尝试, 不要听信别人所说的太困难或不可能。据此可以判断, 作者引用Douglas Bader的话旨在说明对于勇于尝试的人来说, 世界上没有克服不了的困难。故选C项。
14.C 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 “Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.” 可知, 如何改变面对困难的态度的问题仍然存在。据此可以判断, 下文将就此问题做进一步的阐述。故选C项。
15.B 解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 作者通过将骑自行车经过山地视为锻炼的机会, 以及Helen Keller和Douglas Bader的故事说明, 成功的关键是面对困难的积极态度。故B项最能概括主题。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲“绿色长城”项目的进展情况。
16.A 解析 根据下文“The U.N. says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.”可知, 该空是介绍沙漠化对环境的影响, A项“It has severe impacts on the environment.”中的impacts为解题的关键信息, 所讲述的内容与下文一致。故选A项。
17.D 解析 根据下文“They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment.”列举的各种问题, 与D项“But the project has been facing many problems.”呼应。故选D项。
18.B 解析 根据空格位于段尾可知, 此处应该是对该段的总结, 上文“Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago.”讲述的是自15年前“绿色长城”项目开始以来取得的成绩, B项“That is only 4 percent of the program’s goal.”中的that指代的内容与上文内容相符。故选B项。
19.E 解析 根据下文“It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.”可知, 该空所填内容是对项目好处的表述, E项“The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.”讲述的是该项目产生的影响, 符合语境。故选E项。
20.F 解析 根据下文“They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.”可知, 此空所填内容中必须包含名词复数与该句中的代词they指代内容一致, F项“Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful.”中的those指代内容与they一致, 结合上下文语意理解, 可以判断F项符合语境。故选F项。50分阅读限时满分练(五)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
(2021·安徽合肥二模)
CVCC’s High School Programme
Career-technical programmes at Cuyahoga Valley Career Centre allow students flexible career paths with advanced knowledge to prepare them for college and work.
Electrical Systems
Each student is provided with trade-related classroom training that produces competency and pride that lead to true craftsmanship. Learn how to use many of the latest tools and technologies with hands-on training in our fully equipped lab. The programme’s diversified coursework gives students a strong foundation in electrical systems installation and repair, in addition to receiving skill training, working and earning a paycheque on the job.
Engineering Technology
You’ll learn engineering concepts and technology such as applied logic, digital electronics, computer-aided design, robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing. The project-based approach lets you apply your skill to real situations. In practice, you’ll pick your own real-world problems to solve and get ready for a college engineering programme.
Sports Medicine Exercise Science
This science-based programme combines lectures, hands-on labs and critical thinking activities with all of the latest fitness technology. Students have the unique opportunity to learn in exercise and sports environments alongside exercise and sports professionals using advanced medical techniques to prevent and heal injuries. Upon completion of the programme, students may earn college credits at various Ohio universities. Applicants must have a minimum 3.0 GPA(Grade Point Average) and “C” or better in Biology.
Education Profession
Education Profession introduces college-minded students to the field of education. This foundational course benefits all education majors regardless of specialty. Observation and field experiences provide the first-hand experience you need to decide if a career in education is for you. Admission is with high school counselor(顾问) recommendation only.
1.Which programme offers students pay
A.Electrical Systems.
B.Engineering Technology.
C.Sports Medicine Exercise Science.
D.Education Profession.
2.What is special about Sports Medicine Exercise Science
A.It is targeted at college students in Ohio.
B.It is aimed at training professional athletes.
C.It only admits applicants with recommendation.
D.It has academic requirements for applicants.
3.What can we infer about the programmes mentioned in the text
A.They are science-related.
B.They are technology-centred.
C.They stress practical training.
D.They guarantee admission to college.
B
(2023·陕西咸阳高三一模)
Neuroscientists(神经科学家) now know that brain maturation(成熟) occurs far later than previously thought. Great changes in brain are still taking place during young adulthood, especially in the regions that are important for planning ahead, expecting the future results of one’s decisions, and comparing risk and reward. Indeed, some brain regions do not reach full maturity until the early 20s. Should this new knowledge make us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults
Maybe. But it’s not as simple as it seems for two reasons.
First, different brain regions mature along with different timetables. There is no single age at which the adolescent brain becomes an adult brain. Systems responsible for logical reasoning mature when people are 16, but those involved in self-regulation are still developing in young adulthood. This is why 16-year-olds are just as capable as adults when it comes to permitting informed medical papers, but are still immature in ways that reduce their criminal responsibility, as the Supreme Court has noted in several recent cases. Using different ages for different legal boundaries seems strange, but it would make neuroscientific sense if we did it reasonably.
Second, science has never had much influence on these decisions. If it did, we wouldn’t have lived in a society that allows teenagers to drive before they can buy beer. Age boundaries are drawn mainly for political reasons, not scientific ones. It’s a pity that Neuroscience won’t have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct.
Children are so changeable in their growth and how cultures understand child development is so different. It is pointless to try to determine the “right” age of maturation. The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink alcohol at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to Neuroscience seriously and it’s a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US, I recognize that the government might never accept it.
4.What can we learn about brain maturation according to the passage
A.All the brain areas become mature at the same time.
B.Scientists’ brain matures much earlier than politicians’.
C.The region in charge of logical reasoning isn’t mature until 18.
D.The time of brain maturation is not as early as thought before.
5.What is the author’s attitude towards Neuroscience
A.Favorable. B.Skeptical.
C.Indifferent. D.Intolerant.
6.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.It’s illegal for a Dutch boy to drive at the age of 16.
B.The culture of the Dutch is much better than that of the USA.
C.It’s of great value to determine the right age of maturation.
D.The influence of science on law and policy making is very big.
7.What could be the best title for the passage
A.Should Children Learn from Capable Adults
B.Can Neuroscience Create Mature Scientists
C.Should Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions
D.Can Children Drive and Drink Beer Like Adults
C
(2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)
A new study looks at how pets provide important support through petting, cuddles(拥抱), and a frequent physical presence. This is especially key when people feel lonely.
The researchers interviewed 32 people aged 59 to 83. Pets included dogs, cats, birds, etc. More than 90% of the people spoke about touch in the relationship with their pets. “Participants often described touch-based interactions with their pets as being comforting or relaxing in a way that contributed to their overall well-being,” the researchers say. “For our participants, comfort is the sense of being somehow cared for by another being.”
Many people in the study spoke about how their pets just seemed to “know” when they weren’t feeling well and they’d move to get physically near them. Different pets were better at providing comfort, some participants insisted. Many said cats were more relaxing than dogs, while others said dogs could be relaxing as long as they were “the right kind of dog”. But almost all pets provided some sort of comfort to their owners when it came to touch.
Janette Young, lecturer in health sciences at the University of South Australia, and her team uncovered an interesting thing about the pet-human relationship. People in the study often spoke about how their animals demanded to be petted or seemed to take joy in the interaction. This, in turn, made the humans feel good.
The researchers suggest that pets can be “helpful in reducing touch deprivation(匮乏)” and the benefits can come from all kinds of pets. This connection can be particularly important in health care and senior care settings where patients and workers are less likely to be able to see friends and family; yet touch is important and can improve health and happiness.
Pets can also offer benefits that in some cases people can’t offer. “Relationships with pets are different to those with humans,” Young says. “Animals don’t judge and are always with us.”
8.About what did some participants hold different opinions
A.What pets were better at providing comfort.
B.Whether pets could make them feel relaxed.
C.How they felt when their pets touched them.
D.When pets could notice their owners’ discomfort.
9.What did Janette Young find about the pet-human relationship
A.It is full of judgments.
B.It turns out temporary.
C.It benefits both parties.
D.It is determined by pets.
10.What may researchers suggest hospitals do
A.Encourage pet connection programmes.
B.Raise pets to reduce human touch.
C.Select the best pet companions.
D.Order workers’ friends to pay visits.
11.What is the main idea of the text
A.Humans need spiritual support.
B.Pet-human interactions are common.
C.Lonely people like living with pets.
D.Pets offer humans touch-based comfort.
D
(2023·广东深圳高三第一次调研)
When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating(授粉), making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive(刺激) to do so.”
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals(哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more,” she says.
12.What is the new finding about bees
A.They are fond of having fun.
B.They are faithful to the queen.
C.They are adaptable to changes.
D.They are skilled at rolling balls.
13.How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment
A.By teaching bees new tricks.
B.By rewarding bees with food.
C.By making bees feel at home.
D.By building new homes for bees.
14.What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about
A.The forms of bees’ interaction.
B.The complexity of bees’ minds.
C.The examples of mammals’ play.
D.The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.
15.What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result
A.It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B.It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.
C.It drives research on animals’ emotional state.
D.It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
(2021·江苏淮安高三适应性联考)
If you’re looking to maximise the amount of fat burning in your next workout, think about having a coffee half an hour before you get started. 16
Researchers found that 3 milligrams(毫克) of caffeine per kilogram of body weight can raise the rate of fat burning during aerobic(有氧的) exercise. 17 The coffee dose was shown to increase maximal fat oxidation rate(脂肪氧化率) by an average of 10.7 percent in the morning and 29 percent in the afternoon.
The recommendation to exercise on an empty stomach in the morning to increase fat oxidation is common. 18 It is still unknown whether this increase is due to exercising in the morning or due to going without food for a longer period of time.
19 Caffeine is often associated with improved athletic performance, though the science behind this link isn’t as comprehensive as it could be. In later cycling tests after the caffeine had been given, the fat-burning capability of the body was measured, showing the impact that caffeine had made on MFO. Maximum oxygen uptake was also raised, as was the intensity(强度) of exercise.
The results of the study showed that acute caffeine intake 30 minutes before performing an aerobic exercise test increased MFO during exercise regardless of the time of day. 20 Overall, these results suggest that a combination of acute caffeine intake and exercise at moderate intensity in the afternoon provides the best solution for individuals seeking to increase whole-body fat oxidation during aerobic exercise.
A.It is based on the results gathered from 15 male volunteers.
B.However, this recommendation may lack a scientific basis.
C.Evidence is mounting that morning exercise is good for your health.
D.A new study suggests it can make a significant difference to fat burning.
E.They are clear enough to suggest that there is some kind of association there.
F.Researchers have found that if cyclists take more caffeine, they will ride much faster.
G.Researchers were keen to look in detail at the relationship between caffeine and exercise.
参考答案
50分阅读限时满分练(五)
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Cuyahoga Valley就业中心的几个职业技术课程。
1.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “The programme’s diversified coursework gives students a strong foundation in electrical systems installation and repair, in addition to receiving skill training, working and earning a paycheque on the job.” 可知, 职业技术课程电气系统能够给学生提供赚取工资的工作。因此, 能给学生支付工资的是A项 “Electrical Systems(电气系统)”。
2.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Applicants must have a minimum 3.0 GPA(Grade Point Average) and ‘C’ or better in Biology.” 可知, 申请人必须平均分不能低于3.0, 生物成绩不能低于C, 运动医学运动科学对申请人是有学术要求的。因此, 运动医学运动科学特别之处是D项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。本文提到的电气系统、工程技术、运动医学运动科学和教育专业都强调让学生在实践中学习。因此, 关于文中提到的项目, 我们能推断出C项符合题意。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要议论了神经科学家对人类大脑的成熟有了新的认知, 即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些这一认知是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限, 即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定。但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单, 由此文章解释了两个原因, 对该问题进行了否定回答。
4.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Neuroscientists now know that brain maturation occurs far later than previously thought.”可知, 大脑成熟的时间并不像以前想象的那么早。故选D项。
5.A 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It’s a pity that Neuroscience won’t have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct.”以及最后一段中的“Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to Neuroscience seriously and it’s a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US”可知, 作者认为神经科学给出的结论是正确的, 只是它没有受到政治的关注, 未对政治产生重大影响。由此推断作者对神经科学持有的是支持的态度。故选A项。
6.A 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink alcohol at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19.”可知, 荷兰是允许16岁的孩子喝酒的, 但是19岁才能开车, 所以19岁以下开车是违法的。故选A项。
7.C 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Neuroscientists now know that brain maturation occurs far later than previously thought.”“Should this new knowledge make us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults ”以及第二段“Maybe. But it’s not as simple as it seems for two reasons.”可知, 本文主要议论了神经科学家对人类大脑的成熟有了新的认知, 即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些这一认知是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限, 即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定。但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单, 对此文章解释了两个原因, 对该问题进行了否定回答。故C选项“Should Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions (神经科学会影响法律决策吗 )”符合文章标题。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项着眼于宠物如何通过爱抚、拥抱和亲身陪伴来为人类提供安慰的新研究。
8.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Different pets were better at providing comfort, some participants insisted. Many said cats were more relaxing than dogs, while others said dogs could be relaxing as long as they were ‘the right kind of dog’.” 可知, 有些研究对象对于哪种宠物更擅长提供安慰有不同的看法。故选A项。
9.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “People in the study often spoke about how their animals demanded to be petted or seemed to take joy in the interaction. This, in turn, made the humans feel good.” 可知, 宠物和人类都能从彼此的互动中得到快乐。由此可推断, 宠物和人的关系可以给双方带来益处。故选C项。
10.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “This connection can be particularly important in health care and senior care settings where patients and workers are less likely to be able to see friends and family; yet touch is important and can improve health and happiness.” 可推知, 研究人员可能会建议医院鼓励与宠物建立联系的项目。故选A项。
11.D 解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的 “A new study looks at how pets provide important support through petting, cuddles, and a frequent physical presence.” 并结合全文理解可知, 本文主要介绍宠物可以通过肢体接触给人类带来安慰。故选D项。
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果表明昆虫的思维比人类想象的复杂。这项研究对于保护昆虫有很大的作用。
12.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.”可知, 新的研究表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。故选A项。
13.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.”可推知, 为了消除外部因素, 他们让蜜蜂适应新家, 让他们有了家的感觉, 从而对环境感觉不到压力。故选C项。
14.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段 Lars Chittka说的话“This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals and birds”可知, Lars Chittka的话表明了昆虫的思维非常复杂。故选B项。
15.D 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段Samadi Galpay所说的话“This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more.”可知, 该研究结果有助于保护地球上的野生动物。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明: 锻炼身体前半个小时喝一杯咖啡有利于燃烧自己的脂肪, 文章介绍了该研究的过程和结果。
16.D 解析 根据上文的 “If you’re looking to maximise the amount of fat burning in your next workout, think about having a coffee half an hour before you get started.” 及下文开始阐述喝一杯咖啡的优点可知, 设空处是过渡句, 因而D项 “一个新的研究表明, 它可以对脂肪燃烧有巨大的影响。” 符合语境。故选D项。
17.A 解析 根据上文的 “Researchers found that 3 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight can raise the rate of fat burning during aerobic exercise.” 可知, 设空处应解释该结果怎么来的, 因而A项 “这基于15位男性志愿者的结果。” 符合语境。故选A项。
18.B 解析 根据上文的 “The recommendation to exercise on an empty stomach in the morning to increase fat oxidation is common.” 可知, 推荐早上空腹锻炼, 因为它增加脂肪氧化, 及下文的 “It is still unknown whether this increase is due to exercising in the morning or due to going without food for a longer period of time.” 可知, 设空处应表示转折, 因而B项 “然而, 这个推荐可能缺少科学的支撑。” 符合语境。故选B项。
19.G 解析 根据下文的 “Caffeine is often associated with improved athletic performance, though the science behind this link isn’t as comprehensive as it could be.” 可知, 咖啡因经常和提高运动表现有联系, 尽管这个联系背后的科学依据并不充足。因而G项 “研究人员热衷于寻找咖啡因和运动之间的紧密联系。” 符合语境。故选G项。
20.E 解析 根据上文的 “...acute caffeine intake 30 minutes before performing an aerobic exercise test increased MFO during exercise regardless of the time of day.” 可知, 研究的结果说明不管何时, 健身前半个小时喝一杯咖啡有利于减脂; 根据下文的 “...a combination of acute caffeine intake and exercise at moderate intensity in the afternoon provides the best solution for individuals seeking to increase whole-body fat oxidation during aerobic exercise.” 可知, 摄入咖啡因和运动相结合为个人提供了最佳健身方案。因而E项 “它们很清楚地说明了这里有某种联系。” 符合语境, E项中They指代空前的 The results。 故选E项。第二部分 题组限时满分练
50分阅读限时满分练
50分阅读限时满分练(一)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam,welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike!Cycling is the most economical,sustainable and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights.You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡),bikes with child seats,and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
续 表
1 day(24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuseum,Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour,starting at 1:00 pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1.What is an advantage of MacBike
A.It gives children a discount.
B.It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours.
D.It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.15.75. B.19.50.
C.22.75. D.29.50.
3.Where does the guided city tour start
A.The Gooyer,Windmill.
B.The Skinny Bridge.
C.Heineken Brewery.
D.Dam Square.
B
(2021·四川攀枝花二模)
Sleep, considered a luxury by many, is essential for a person’s health and happiness. Researchers have found that inadequate sleep and tiredness increase a person’s risk of developing severe medical conditions, such as obesity, high blood sugar levels, and heart disease. Now, a new study has found that getting enough sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.
Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class. Instead, the professor hoped the wrist-worn devices, which track a person’s physical activity, would show a connection between exercise and the academic achievement.
While Gross’s data showed no relationship between these two factors, the study found something surprising. As the researchers were analysing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep students got and their results in the course’s 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.
Even more interesting, it was not enough for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Instead, it was the sleep you got during the days when learning was happening that mattered most.
The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student. “When you go to bed matters,” Gross says. “If you go to bed at 10, or 12, or 1 at night, and sleep for seven hours, your performance is the same. But if you go to bed after 2, your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours. So, quantity isn’t everything.”
Perhaps the most interesting was the huge effect that small differences in sleep patterns had on students’ grades. The entire course grades for students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower than students who averaged just one hour more sleep. Similarly,students who changed their bedtime by even one hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtime.
4.Based on his original goals, which word best describes Professor Gross’s research findings
A.Complete. B.Accidental.
C.Convincing. D.Doubtful.
5.Who were the people taking part in the study
A.University student athletes.
B.Professor Gross’s own students.
C.Middle school chemistry students.
D.Volunteers from different universities.
6.How did Professor Gross’s team measure academic performance
A.Making the students wear a special watch.
B.Giving the students regular after-class quizzes.
C.Using students’ university entrance test results.
D.Using the students’ normal test and quiz grades.
7.Based on the study’s findings, who is likely to perform best academically
A.A person who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night.
B.A person who sleeps from 11 p.m.to 6 a.m.each day.
C.A person whose normal bedtime changes between 9 p.m.and 12 p.m.
D.A person who has a good night’s sleep the night before an important test.
C
(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)
Mental health and happiness are important to students’ success in higher education but rarely get the attention they need. Colleges and universities in the United States have been seeing increases in mental illness among students for decades. Promoting students’ mental health and emotional happiness on campus requires more than a well-functioning counselling centre. It calls for a campus-wide commitment action plan.
American undergraduate students have been reporting increasing rates of anxiety and depression for decades. In the 2018-2019 Healthy Minds Study(HMS) survey, 40% of about 300,000 students at some 300 colleges and universities reported experiencing a mental health problem, and 60% said they were having difficulty accessing mental health care on campus or in the community. Other studies estimate that the dropout rate for US undergraduate students with mental health problems is over 40%, and that the popularity of mental health problems among graduate students is six times that of the general population.
Most academic institutions provide some mental health services, often through a counselling centre. But no matter how good that centre is, it alone cannot solve the problems. An important early step is for each institution to assess the extent of the crisis on its campus and whether there are enough treatment services either at the institution or in the local community. Another important question is whether there are elements of the institution’s own environment or culture that contribute to the problems that students are experiencing, like unreasonable workloads or deadlines for assignments.
Every college and university should carry out a comprehensive action plan to achieve this goal. This may require additional resources during a trying time for institutional budgets. But supporting all students is so important that financial priorities should be rearranged.
8.What happens to undergraduate students in America
A.They pay little attention to higher education.
B.Increasing students suffer from mental illness.
C.They are lacking in a sense of happiness.
D.They lose confidence in the future careers.
9.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A.Terrible dropout rates.
B.Decreasing general population.
C.Emotional happiness.
D.Mentally healthy problems.
10.What is the key solution to fixing the problems
A.Analysing the present situation.
B.Opening more counselling centres.
C.Offering free mental health services.
D.Reducing unreasonable workloads.
11.How can we put a comprehensive action plan into practice
A.By giving some useful advice.
B.By offering financial support.
C.By turning to the government.
D.By getting enough trying time.
D
(2023·广东深圳高三第一次调研)
“You’re so smart!” This encouraging response to children’s maths performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their maths motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children’s maths performance and their maths beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their maths motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view maths ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children’s strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe maths ability is unchangeable and that maths failure can’t be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics — in particular, related to failure — are more likely to avoid harder maths problems, exhibit higher levels of maths anxiety, and score lower on maths achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor maths adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about maths ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of maths might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
12.Which of the following is an example of process response
A.You are a lucky dog.
B.Running is in your blood.
C.What works well for your study
D.Why are you such a maths genius
13.What can be inferred from the study results
A.Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B.Children are more likely to be affected by maths anxiety.
C.Process responses help with children’s maths achievement.
D.Person responses can discourage children from learning maths.
14.What do researchers advise parents to do
A.Restrict person responses.
B.Defend their own beliefs.
C.Stress children’s performance.
D.Ignore children’s maths problems.
15.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Maths Helps
B.The Way Parents Talk to Children on Maths Matters
C.Responses to Enhance Children’s Maths Performance
D.Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Maths
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
(2021·山东济南高三适应性考试)
How to Reduce Gift Wrap Waste
Wrapping paper may have “paper” in its name, but that doesn’t automatically mean it can be recycled. 16 Try these suggestions for cutting down the amount of wrapping paper you throw away.
Reuse what you have. 17 It’s estimated that the US produces 4.6 million pounds of wrapping paper annually, and 2.3 million pounds of that stays in people’s homes, awaiting reuse.
Use different materials. 18 Select basic brown thick paper that can be made up with a bow, ribbons, leaves, pine cones or markers. Repurpose newspapers, old posters and children’s school artworks as wrapping paper. There are plenty of other eco-friendly alternatives to wrapping paper that are just delightful and celebratory.
19 Use baskets, fabric, gift boxes or bags, tea towels, and more to contain and display your presents. Learn the Japanese art of wrapping, using beautiful knots(绳结) to fasten colourful, reusable fabric in attractive ways. This way, you’ll have no wrapping paper waste to deal with.
Ask for better paper. Shops store what customers want, and recyclability should be a top priority, so let that be known when you’re out shopping. As explained by Simon Ellin, CEO of the Recycling Association, a trade body that represents about 90 waste management companies and paper merchants in the United Kingdom,“It’s a campaign we’ve been on all year—do you really need to design non-paper wrapping paper Make paper with recycling in mind!” 20
A.Try zero waste.
B.Shop with that in mind, too.
C.You don’t have to choose shining paper to decorate a present.
D.In fact, many types of wrapping paper cannot due to their materials.
E.When wrapping paper is extremely thin, it has few good quality fibres for recycling.
F.Wrapping paper can be used many times if care is taken to unwrap it without tearing.
G.Having a mix of recyclable and non-recyclable paper is a real problem for companies.
参考答案
50分阅读限时满分练(一)
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹最大的自行车租赁公司——MacBike以及它推出的“城市之旅”项目。
1.B 解析 细节理解题。根据Why MacBike部分中的“...including basic bikes with foot brake,bikes with hand brake and gears,bikes with child seats,and children’s bikes.”可知,该公司的优势是它能提供多种款式的自行车。故选B项。
2.C 解析 细节理解题。根据Prices表格中的“Hand Brake,Three Gears”可知,租用一天价格是14.75欧元,每增加一天收费8欧元,因此租一辆带手动刹车和三个挡位的自行车两天需要支付22.75欧元。故选C项。
3.D 解析 细节理解题。根据Guided City Tours部分中的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour...”可知,有导游的城市观光是从达姆广场出发的。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明, 睡眠除了对身体健康造成影响之外, 也会对学习成绩产生影响。
4.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “While Gross’s data showed no relationship between these two factors, the study found something surprising.” 可知, 格罗斯教授的研究发现是偶然的。 故选B项。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Jeffrey Gross, the university science professor who led the research, was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out smart watches to the 100 students in his chemistry class.” 可知, 参与研究的人是他自己的学生。故选B项。
6.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “As the researchers were analysing their data, they noticed that there was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep students got and their results in the course’s 11 quizzes, three midterm tests, and the final exam.” 可知, 格罗斯教授的团队是使用学生常规的测试和测验成绩来衡量学业表现的。故选D项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in early hours of the morning performed poorly, even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student.” 以及最后一段中的 “Similarly, students who changed their bedtime by even one hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtime.” 可知, 根据这项研究可知, 睡得较早、睡眠时间充足并且规律的学生表现好。结合选项可推知, 每天的睡眠时间从晚上11点到早上6点的人可能在学业上表现最好。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。如今越来越多的美国大学生患有精神方面的疾病, 文章列举了大学生心理健康问题的具体数据和要解决这一问题应该采取的措施。
8.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Colleges and universities in the United States have been seeing increases in mental illness among students for decades.” 可知, 越来越多的美国大学生患有精神疾病。 故选B项。
9.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “...40% of about 300,000 students at some 300 colleges and universities reported experiencing a mental health problem, and 60% said they were having difficulty ...with mental health problems is over 40%, and that the popularity of mental health problems among graduate students is six times that of the general population.” 可知, 本段中的统计数据都是有关心理健康问题的。故选D项。
10.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “An important early step is for each institution to assess the extent of the crisis on its campus and whether there are enough treatment services either at the institution or in the local community.” 可知, 解决问题的关键是分析现状。故选A项。
11.B 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “This may require additional resources during a trying time for institutional budgets. But supporting all students is so important that financial priorities should be rearranged.” 可知, 可以通过提供资金支持来实施一项全面的行动计划。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要内容是说父母对孩子的数学学习做出的不同反应, 会对孩子产生不同的作用;用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子, 可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩, 所以建议家长在家里限制这种类型的反应。
12.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Parents who make comments linking their children’s performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what’s referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children’s actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.”可知, 使用“过程反应”的父母, 将孩子的行为(如努力或策略的使用)与他们的表现联系起来, 而C项“What works well for your study ”谈论的是孩子的学习策略, 属于“过程反应”。故选C项。
13.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their maths motivation and achievement over time.”和第四段中的“While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics — in particular, related to failure —are more likely to avoid harder maths problems, exhibit higher levels of maths anxiety, and score lower on maths achievement tests.”可知, “个人反应”会阻碍孩子学习数学。故选D项。
14.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Because person responses predict poor maths adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home.”可知, 研究人员建议家长在家里限制“个人反应”这种类型的反应。故选A项。
15.B 解析 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要内容是说父母对孩子的数学学习做出不同的反应, 会对孩子产生不同的作用;用与个人特征或天生能力相关的反应来鼓励孩子, 可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成绩, 所以建议家长在家里限制这种类型的反应。所以B项“The Way Parents Talk to Children on Maths Matters”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种减少包装纸浪费的方法。
16.D 解析 根据空格前的 “Wrapping paper may have ‘paper’ in its name, but that doesn’t automatically mean it can be recycled.” 可知, 包装纸的名字里可能有 “纸”, 但这并不意味着它可以回收利用, D项 “事实上, 许多类型的包装纸由于其材料而不能被回收。” 承接上文, 解释了为什么有些包装纸不能回收利用。故选D项。
17.F 解析 根据 “Reuse what you have.” 可知, 本段主要介绍重复使用包装纸, 而 F项的be used many times与该段主题相符。故选F项。
18.C 解析 根据 “Use different materials.” 和空格后的 “Select basic brown thick paper that can be made up with a bow, ribbons, leaves, pine cones or markers. Repurpose newspapers, old posters and children’s school artworks as wrapping paper.” 可知, C项 “你不必选择闪亮的纸来装饰礼物。” 符合语境。故选C项。
19.A 解析 根据本段的 “Use baskets, fabric, gift boxes or bags, ...Learn the Japanese art of wrapping, using beautiful knots to fasten colourful, ...This way, you’ll have no wrapping paper waste to deal with.” 可知, 本段主要介绍用其他东西代替包装纸来包装礼物, 这样就不需要处理包装纸了。因此A项 “要尝试零浪费。” 符合语境。故选A项。
20.B 解析 根据上文的 “Make paper with recycling in mind!” 可推断, 买包装纸时也应考虑到回收利用。 故选B项。50分阅读限时满分练(六)
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1=10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1.Where is this text probably taken from
A.A textbook.
B.An exam paper.
C.A course plan.
D.An academic article.
2.How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A.Two.
B.Three.
C.Four.
D.Five.
3.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A.You will receive a zero.
B.You will lose a letter grade.
C.You will be given a test.
D.You will have to rewrite it.
B
(2023·全国甲卷)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY(do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with.But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago, I was heavily involved(参与), painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
4.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pioneer.
5.Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day
A.For a birthday gift.
B.As a treat for her work.
C.To support her DIY projects.
D.To encourage her to take up a hobby.
6.How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A.By making it look like before.
B.By furnishing it herself.
C.By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D.By cancelling the rental agreement.
7.What trend in DIY does the research show
A.It is becoming more costly.
B.It is getting more time-consuming.
C.It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D.It is gaining popularity among females.
C
(2021·山东泰安二模)
There are around 100 tribes that live in global isolation, mostly in South America and India.
The Sentinelese have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60,000 years. They protect their island by fighting against people from the outside. Their language is different from any other known language.
Another Andaman tribe is the Jarawa. In the past, they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them. But in 1998, the Indian government built a road across their land, and since then, they’ve had more contact with the outside world.
Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because of unhappy memories. The Mashco-Piro left their vegetable gardens after rubber companies killed most people of their tribe at the beginning of the 20th century. Those who survived became nomadic(游牧的) and started hunting animals in the forest.
The Awa live in the Amazon forests of Brazil. Out of 350 members, 100 have no contact with the outside world. They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans. In the following years, farmers in nearby communities started cutting the trees to expand their farmland. The Awa lost most of their hunting land.
The few Amazon tribes that still exist are fighting to keep their traditional way of life.
Survival, an organisation that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的) humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us.
After years of pressure, the organisation got Brazil’s government to clear invaders from the Awa land. All non-Awa people are leaving so the tribe can get their forest back. But some think it’s impossible for tribes to stay isolated forever in a connected world. Contact will be made one day. So the question is: Whose choice should it be, ours or theirs
8.What could be learnt about the Sentinelese from the text
A.They speak the same language as the Jarawa.
B.They resist contact from the outside world.
C.There are about 350 members in their tribe.
D.They received help from the Indian government.
9.Why did the Awa adopt a nomadic lifestyle
A.To avoid being attacked by Europeans.
B.To avoid being robbed by rubber companies.
C.To protect their hunting land.
D.To maintain their traditional way of life.
10.What is Survival’s view of the tribal people
A.They should fight for their rights by themselves.
B.We should show them respect and not disturb them.
C.It’s impossible to stay isolated from the outside world.
D.We should help them get used to the connected world.
11.How does the author describe the isolated tribes
A.Doubtfully.
B.Critically.
C.Indifferently.
D.Objectively.
D
(2021·广东佛山高中教学质量检测)
More than half the world’s population live in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that proportion to reach 68%. This means more homes, roads and other infrastructures. In India alone, a city the size of Chicago will have to be developed every year to meet demand for housing. Such a construction increase is a bad sign for dealing with climate change, because making steel and concrete, two of the most common building materials, generates around 8% of the world’s CO2 emissions. If cities are to expand and become greener at the same time, they will have to be made from something else.
Wood is one of the most promising sustainable(可持续的) alternatives to steel and concrete. It is not, however, everyday wood that is attracting the interest of architects.
Rather, it is a material called engineered timber. This is a combination of different layers, each designed to meet the requirements of specific parts such as floors, panels and beams(横梁). Designers can use it to provide levels of strength like steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter. In addition, engineered timber is usually made into large sections in a factory for future use, which reduces the number of deliveries to a construction site.
According to Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge, a wooden building produces 75% less CO2 than a steel and concrete one of the same size. However, if building with wood takes off, it does raise concern about there being enough trees left. But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage. A family-sized apartment requires about 30 cubic metres of timber, and he estimates Europe’s sustainable forests alone grow that amount every seven seconds. Nor is fire a risk, for engineered timber does not burn easily. Besides, fireproof layers can be added to the timber. All in all, then, it looks as if wood as a building material may get a new lease of life.
12.Why is India mentioned in paragraph 1
A.To point out the severe pollution.
B.To predict the population increase.
C.To indicate the high degree of urbanisation.
D.To show the great need for building materials.
13.What can be learned about engineered timber
A.It is produced at a low cost.
B.It hardly appeals to architects.
C.It helps save energy in transportation.
D.It possesses greater strength than steel.
14.What does the underlined phrase “takes off” in the last paragraph mean
A.Becomes cheaper.
B.Gains popularity.
C.Requires less work.
D.Proves sustainable.
15.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Making Future Cities More Attractive
B.Living in a World with Less Emission
C.Building Sustainable Cities with Woods
D.Growing More Trees for Future Building
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
(2023·陕西咸阳高三一模)
A rhetorical question is a question that requires no reply, either because the answer is obvious or because the asker already knows the answer. As one of the most commonly used persuasive techniques for speeches, it is so effective at attracting your audience. 16 . So, you need to find the right balance!
Force your audience to think.
17 , and your audience will start thinking about the answers by themselves. These questions don’t have fixed or standard answers. For example, “What do you think the world will look like in 50 years What were some ideas that popped into your head Is the world exactly the same as ours today Does it have levitating cars and magic glasses Or is it dying from climate change ” You see, when someone asks you a rhetorical question, you start to explore different ideas in your mind. 18 .
Emphasize a specific point.
You can use rhetorical questions to emphasize your previous statement. 19 . For example:“67% of all Australians are overweight. Are you one of them ” Here, the rhetorical question hammers the previous statement in your mind. You realize that 67% is actually a really high percentage.
Evoke emotions.
Rhetorical questions can also evoke emotions by putting the audience in a situation where they can have real-time experience with what is being discussed. Let’s change the statement “Future generations will never see tigers or polar bears again” into a rhetorical question “What if your child and their child can never see a tiger or polar bear again ” 20 .
This helps you convince them to believe your speech.
A.Ask open-ended questions
B.When your audience think you are a nice man
C.Use new technologies to prevent your audience from taking a nap
D.Many people will be certainly emotional by hearing such questions
E.This will make your audience think hard about what you said just now
F.You might even find yourself exploring new possibilities you never thought before
G.However, overusing rhetorical techniques can also make your speech sound too repetitive
参考答案
50分阅读限时满分练(六)
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了某校文学概论课程的分级政策。
1.C 解析 推理判断题。根据文章的标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature”及下文提到的内容可知, 本文可能出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
2.B 解析 细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“Essays (60%)” “Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)”可知, 最终的分数由三部分组成。故选B项。
3.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.”可知, 截止日期后的第四天才上交, 将得零分。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位女性Terri Bolton擅长DIY, 自己能够做的事情从来不花钱雇人做。越来越多的人和她一样, 喜欢自己动手, 避免浪费。
4.C 解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可知, Terri Bolton擅长自己动手做事情, 由此推断出a dab hand意为“专家, 能手”, 故选C项。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.”可知答案为B项。
6.A 解析 推理判断题。根据短文第三段中的“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”可知, 由于Terri自己会修补墙上的洞和粉刷房屋, 这样在搬走时, 房屋看起来与原本搬进来时的样子差不多, 避免了房东因房子有损坏而扣押金。故选A项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.”可知, 虽然从传统上来说, DIY被视为男性的爱好, 但研究表明现在是女性在起着引领作用。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上生活在南美洲和印度的与世隔绝的原始部落。
8.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “The Sentinelese have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60,000 years. They protect their island by fighting against people from the outside.” 可知, Sentinelese抵制来自外部世界的接触。 故选B项。
9.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans.” 可知, Awa人之所以采用游牧的生活方式是为了避免被欧洲人攻击。故选A项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第七段中的 “Survival, an organisation that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us.” 可知, Survival对部落居民的看法是: 我们应该尊重且不要打扰他们。故选B项。
11.D 解析 推理判断题。通读全文, 本文主要客观介绍世界上生活在南美洲和印度的与世隔绝的原始部落。作者在文中没有自己主观的(怀疑、批评以及冷淡的)看法, 只是对这些与世隔绝的部落进行了客观介绍。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能够替代钢铁和混凝土的新型工程木材, 以及它所具有的更环保、节约及可持续性等优势。
12.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “This means more homes, roads and other infrastructures. In India alone, a city the size of Chicago will have to be developed every year to meet demand for housing.” 可知, 第一段提到印度是为了证明城市人口的增加意味着需要更多的房屋等基础设施, 由此导致了对建筑材料的巨大需求。故选D项。
13.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “In addition, engineered timber is usually made into large sections in a factory for future use, which reduces the number of deliveries to a construction site.” 可知, 这种工程木材有助于在运输中节省能源。故选C项。
14.B 解析 词义猜测题。根据本段的画线词之后 “...it does raise concern about there being enough trees left.” 可知, 人们会担心是否有足够多的树木剩下, 由此推知 take off意为 “畅销”。故选B项。
15.C 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的 “If cities are to expand and become greener at the same time, they will have to be made from something else.” 及最后一段的 “...it looks as if wood as a building material may get a new lease of life.” 可知, 最佳标题应是C项 “用木材建造可持续发展的城市”。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何使用反问句修辞技巧。
16.G 解析 根据上文的“A rhetorical question is a question that requires no reply, either because the answer is obvious or because the asker already knows the answer. As one of the most commonly used persuasive techniques for speeches, it is so effective at attracting your audience.”以及下文“So, you need to find the right balance!”可知, 本句与上文构成转折, 指出使用修辞技巧存在的问题:使你的演讲听起来过于重复。故G选项“然而, 过度使用修辞技巧也会使你的演讲听起来过于重复”符合语境。故选G项。
17.A 解析 根据下文的“and your audience will start thinking about the answers by themselves. These questions don’t have fixed or standard answers.”可知, 后文提到问题没有固定或标准的答案, 可见是开放式问题。故A选项“问开放式问题”符合语境。故选A项。
18.F 解析 根据上文的“For example, ‘What do you think the world will look like in 50 years What were some ideas that popped into your head Is the world exactly the same as ours today Does it have levitating cars and magic glasses Or is it dying from climate change ’ You see, when someone asks you a rhetorical question, you start to explore different ideas in your mind.”可知, 上文提到了在脑海中探索不同的想法, 本句为本段最后一句, 故承接上文说明探索以前从未想过的新可能性。故F选项“你甚至会发现自己在探索以前从未想过的新可能性”符合语境。故选F项。
19.E 解析 根据上文的“You can use rhetorical questions to emphasize your previous statement.”可知, 本句承接上文说明这么做的作用:让你的听众仔细思考你刚才说的话。故E选项“这会让你的听众仔细思考你刚才说的话”符合语境。故选E项。
20.D 解析 根据上文的“Let’s change the statement ‘Future generations will never see tigers or polar bears again’ into a rhetorical question ‘What if your child and their child can never see a tiger or polar bear again ’”可知, 本句为本段最后一句, 应承接上文说明这么做带来的结果:许多人听到这样的问题肯定会激动。故D选项“许多人听到这样的问题肯定会激动”符合语境。故选D项。
