考点分类练(三) 推理判断题——写作意图类
A
(2023·江苏泰州高三一模)
How are you feeling today Often when we ask people that question, they reply “not bad”, or “could be worse”. But what would make us feel “perfect” Maybe we could live better by being healthier, less stressed, more motivated—but how
Of course there are many ways of improving our mental health, but sometimes there are small and simple solutions to helping improve our well-being. It’s something a TV programme has been looking at. It suggested several “health hacks” which the programme’s presenters tried and gave their “seal of approval”. And maybe they could help us too.
Firstly, to deal with putting on weight and to cut the calories, the programme found sniffing (嗅) peppermint (薄荷) stops our longing for a snack.A writer says “a scientific theory called ‘mutual competition’ shows that a strong smell can distract our brain from the food we’re thinking about.”
If your addiction to your smartphone is getting you down, it’s suggested that turning your phone screen grey helps you reduce screen time because a black and white screen becomes less attractive to look at. With recent studies showing our phones can make us 26% less productive and increase our stress, it seems like a no-brainer to try this “dim” idea.
Fancy a swim in ice-cold water Well, the TV programme found a daily dip in freezing water gets you used to the stress of doing it and therefore prepares you for other life stresses. And another way to “chill out” is to leave your smartphone at home, immerse yourself in a forest, and breathe in the fresh air. Forest bathing is the perfect tonic for the stresses of urban life.
Other life-improving ideas included things such as singing to reduce pain and walking around more to get away from our sedentary (久坐不动的) lives. But whatever way we choose to adopt, it seems any change to our lifestyle can help improve our body and mind.
1.What’s the function of a series of questions in the first paragraph
A.To provide more background information.
B.To provoke thinking and bring out the topic.
C.To expect readers can give specific answers.
D.To attract readers to focus on physical health.
2.What’s the author’s attitude towards the TV programme
A.Favourable. B.Unclear.
C.Negative. D.Critical.
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A.The strong smell of peppermint is bound to cut the calories.
B.To remove life stresses, you must have a swim in freezing water.
C.Making the phone screen colourful makes us more focused and efficient.
D.An ice-water swim and forest bathing have the similar effect on stresses.
4.What’s the purpose of the passage
A.To tell readers how to be perfect.
B.To introduce a popular TV programme.
C.To offer some ways to better well-being.
D.To get rid of some bad habits in daily life.
B
(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)
I was so worried about handing my little boy over during his first week of school, but you made it easier. You smiled at him like a mother would at her own child. You showed warmth and your hugs were always on offer. After a day in class with you, Charlie would come home singing. Whenever I hear Do Your Ears Hang Low or see him stretching to the sky when he is singing about the days of the week, I will think of you. I didn’t tell you at the time, but I loved your morning song so much that I implemented it in my own class (I’m a teacher, too).
When you saw I was troubled, you hugged me with your smile and I knew everything would be OK. You made parents feel as cared for as our children. In the short time I knew you; you taught me about the type of teacher I desire to be. You never seemed disturbed by mountains of paperwork. Instead, you appeared to embrace every minute.
I can’t understand why you’ve been taken from us. Telling Charlie was one of the hardest things I’ve had to do. I’m not sure whether he fully understood, but he told me he loved you.
I wish I had told you all of this when you were with us. I hope that you knew how you brought happiness to everyone you met and how loved you were. Goodbye, Dear Friend.
5.What does the underlined word “implemented” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Looked back on.
B.Looked forward to.
C.Thought highly of.
D.Made use of.
6.What can we learn from the passage about parents
A.They need to sing songs before children.
B.They need to feel the affection as well.
C.They find it hard to handle their kids.
D.They find it necessary to hug the teachers.
7.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this article
A.To make a remark on Charlie’s teacher.
B.To say goodbye to her fellow teacher.
C.To take pity on her fellow teacher.
D.To recall and show respect for Charlie’s teacher.
C
(2021·安徽黄山高中毕业班质量检测)
What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort.
The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change. A firm has adopted a technique which it says will cut CO2 emission (排放) from its production process by 70%.
The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery(啤酒厂), which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop. Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emission, but the technology adopted by the firm makes fertilizer without generating CO2. So, the beer-and-chips combination performs a double function. It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere, and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production.
A decision has not yet been made on which brewery the firm will work with on this. The firm has installed an anaerobic(厌氧的) digester, which feeds potato waste to bacteria to produce a useful gas. The gas is burned to make electricity for the chip-frying process—so this saves on burning gas or coal.
8.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To draw readers’ attention.
B.To entertain readers.
C.To show how useful beer and chips are to our life.
D.To introduce a way of life.
9.Which of the following is an advantage of the system
A.It will be totally cost-free.
B.It doesn’t consume any energy.
C.It will be a perfect solution to climate change.
D.It is environmentally-friendly.
10.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.How CO2 is turned into fertilizer.
B.How the technology stops CO2 emission.
C.How the energy-saving green technology works.
D.The advantages of a new technology.
参考答案
考点分类练(三) 推理判断题——写作意图类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以提高幸福感的方法。
1.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“How are you feeling today Often when we ask people that question... But what would make us feel ‘perfect’ Maybe we could live better by being healthier, less stressed, more motivated—but how ”可推知, 第一段提出这一连串问题的目的是激发思考, 引出话题。故选B项。
2.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知, 作者认为这档电视节目的健康小妙招可以帮助我们改善心理健康, 由此推断出作者对这档节目持支持态度。故选A项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,这档电视节目发现, 每天泡在冰冷的水中会让你习惯这样做的压力, 从而让你为应对其他生活压力做好准备。此外, 本段的最后一句也提到,森林浴是缓解城市生活压力的最佳良药。 由此可推知, 冰水游泳和森林浴都能够缓解压力, 也就是说, 二者对解决压力问题有相似的效果。故选D项。
4.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段的“Of course there are many ways of improving our mental health, but sometimes there are small and simple solutions to helping improve our well-being.”可推知, 这篇文章的目的是提供一些提高幸福感的方法。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者表达了自己对孩子老师的感激、尊敬和认可, 也道出了对这位逝去老师的不舍。
5.D 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文I loved your morning song so much可知, 作者自己很喜欢这位老师唱的那首歌, 所以画线词所在句应表示 “我在自己的课堂上也使用了这首歌”, 即画线词意为 “使用”。故选D项。
6.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “When you saw I was troubled, you hugged me with your smile and I knew everything would be OK. You made parents feel as cared for as our children.” 可知, 家长也是需要关爱的。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知, 作者写本文的目的是回忆孩子的老师并表达对孩子老师的尊重。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用啤酒和薯条的组合来应对气候变化。
8.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort.” 和第二段的 “The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change.” 可知, 第一段的目的是吸引读者注意, 进而引出下文。故选A项。
9.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “A firm has adopted a technique which it says will cut CO2 emission from its production process by 70%.” 和第三段的 “Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emission, but the technology adopted by the firm makes fertilizer without generating CO2.” 可知, 制造肥料通常会造成很高的二氧化碳排放, 但这家公司所采用的这项技术在制造肥料时不会产生二氧化碳。也就是说, 该系统的优点之一是具有环保性。故选D项。
10.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第三段的 “The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery, which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop.” 和 “It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere, and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了这项技术的工作原理。故选C项。考点分类练(五) 推理判断题——隐含信息类
A
(2021·山东潍坊一模)
To improve a high schooler’s chance of getting into a top university, the summer programmes allow young students to explore fields of interest and get a taste of college life.
Telluride Association Summer Programme (TASP)
TASP is a six-week programme allowing high school freshmen from around the world to grow their sense of interpersonal awareness and community responsibility. It’s completely free, including the cost of tuition, books and even travel.
Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science (MITES)
The aim of this week-long programme is that all US high school students can develop the skills necessary for future job in engineering while learning about the value and reward of acquiring advanced technical degrees. MITES is free except for the transportation.
Clark Scholar Programme (CSP)
High school students coming from across the globe are offered the unique opportunity to gain hands-on research experience in mathematics field while working with teaching staff over four intense weeks. Everything is free for chosen applicants except for their meals.
JCamp
The seven-week one brings high school freshmen and sophomores from various backgrounds together for participating in sessions and workshops led by notable journalists where students can get hands-on training in journalism. JCamp is free if selected—participants only need to pay for the board.
1.What can be expected of MITES
A.It is accessible to worldwide students.
B.It lays a foundation for career prospects.
C.It makes no extra charge for transportation.
D.It awards students advanced technical degrees.
2.Which programme is suitable for a UK high schooler with up to 5 spare weeks
A.TASP. B.MITES.
C.CSP. D.JCamp.
3.What is the shared goal of the programmes
A.To seek for one-on-one instruction.
B.To develop a sense of social duty.
C.To get participants better prepared for college.
D.To advertise some majors of the top universities.
B
(2023·广东佛山高三教学质检)
Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver(肝脏) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published, and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune(免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hope that the groundbreaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.
4.What did Deveza do to save her mother
A.Carrying out a case study.
B.Calling for kidney donations.
C.Launching a medical experiment.
D.Trading half her liver for a kidney.
5.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Patients’ desperation to survive.
B.Several sources of organ donation.
C.Current situation of organ transplants.
D.Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
6.What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons
A.It discouraged organ donation.
B.It brought two families together.
C.It met with widespread approval.
D.It produced a desirable outcome.
7.What is the best title for the text
A.My Liver, Your Kidney
B.Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C.Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients
D.Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
C
(2021·山西太原高三二模)
Some time ago, in my class I was about to fail a student for his answer to a physics question when the student claimed he deserved a better score.
“Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower the barometer to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of the rope is the height of the building.”
I argued that a high grade should prove his competence in physics, but the answer did not confirm this. I suggested that the student have another try. Immediately, he worked out his answer: A second best way is to take the barometer to the top of the building. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the formula to calculate the height of the building.
I was shocked by his answer. His method gave me not only a broken barometer but a U-turn in my teaching philosophy. I gave him full marks.
On his leaving my office, I recalled that he suggested there could be a better answer. So I asked him what it was. “Oh, yes,” said the student.“There are many ways. Probably the best,” he said, “is to take the barometer to the basement and ask the superintendent(管理人). You speak to him as follows: Mr Superintendent, here I have a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of this building, I will give it to you.”
At this point, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school instructors’ trying to teach him how to think, and to use the so-called “scientific method”. He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical manner, not just answer the question in an expected way. Hearing this, I really had nothing to do but give the boy a firm handshake, feeling thankful that I hadn’t failed him in the first place.
8.Why did the author want to fail the student in the first place
A.The student challenged his authority.
B.The student’s answer was not practical.
C.The student didn’t show his academic ability.
D.The student had a poor performance in physics class.
9.Which of the following can best describe the author’s new teaching philosophy
A.Without love, there is no education.
B.A man becomes learned by asking questions.
C.Teaching is to make two ideas grow where only one grew before.
D.You can lead your horse to the river, but you can’t make it drink.
10.What made the student abandon the conventional answer
A.Lack of physics-related knowledge.
B.Ignorance of the teacher’s expectation.
C.Intention to deeply impress his teacher.
D.Disapproval of existing teaching concepts.
11.What can we infer from the text
A.The superintendent was a greedy person.
B.School education restricted this student’s thinking.
C.The teacher appreciated the student’s answers finally.
D.The examination question is a tough physics problem.
参考答案
考点分类练(五) 推理判断题——隐含信息类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以帮助学生为上大学做好准备的暑期项目。
1.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “The aim of this week-long programme is that all US high school students can develop the skills necessary for future job in engineering while learning about the value and reward of acquiring advanced technical degrees.” 可知, MITES有望为职业前景打下基础。故选B项。
2.C 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 “High school students coming from across the globe are offered the unique opportunity to gain hands-on research experience...over four intense weeks.” 可知, CSP项目适合最多有5周空闲时间的英国高中生。故选C项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “To improve a high schooler’s chance of getting into a top university, the summer programmes allow young students to explore fields of interest and get a taste of college life.” 并结合文章介绍的四个暑期项目可知, 这些项目的共同目标是让参与者为上大学做好准备。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Deveza成功用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈。
4.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver for someone else’s kidney.”可知, Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈。故选D项。
5.C 解析 段落大意题。通过阅读并结合第三段的关键句“... there are never enough organs.(但器官永远都不够用)”, “people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends(肾衰竭患者越来越多地接受来自亲友捐赠的器官)”和“...doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.(医生可能会找到成对的潜在捐赠者, 他们各自可以将一个肾脏捐给对方的亲属)”可知, 该段主要讲述了器官移植的现状。故选C项。
6.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“The team hope that the groundbreaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.”可知, 这次“器官互换”项目的成功可以激励更多人考虑做同样的事情。由此可推知, 这产生了理想的结果。故选D项。
7.A 解析 标题归纳题。通过阅读文章可知, 第二段的“In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver for someone else’s kidney.”为核心话题, 即文章主要讲述了Deveza成功用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈, 后文则以此为延伸讲述了其可能产生的积极影响。因此, 选项A“My Liver, Your Kidney(我的肝, 你的肾)”不仅贴合主旨, 且作为标题更具有吸引力。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名老师, 前段时间因为一个学生的物理题的答案与传统答案不一致打算给他不及格, 但这个学生给出了不同的观点, 这让作者的教学理念发生了很大的转变。
8.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知, 作者一开始想让这个学生不及格是因为这个学生没有表现出他的学术能力。故选C项。
9.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “I suggested that the student have another try. Immediately, he worked out his answer ...Then, use the formula to calculate the height of the building.” 和第四段的 “I was shocked by his answer. His method gave me not only a broken barometer but a U-turn in my teaching philosophy.” 以及最后一段的内容可知, 这名学生的不同答案启发作者可以有更好的解答方式, 所以作者新的教学理念应是“教学就是在以前只有一个思想的地方, 让两个思想生长”。 故选C项。
10.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school instructors’ trying to teach him how to think ...He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical manner, not just answer the question in an expected way.” 可知, 因为不赞成现有的教学观念,这个学生放弃了传统的答案。故选D项。
11.C 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 “Hearing this, I really had nothing to do but give the boy a firm handshake, feeling thankful that I hadn’t failed him in the first place.” 可推知, 老师最终对这个学生的回答表示赞赏。故选C项。第一部分 专项能力升级练
阅读理解能力升级练
考点分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
A
(2023·广东深圳一模)
King’s College London Volunteering is looking for paid members to sit on the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering. The Board plays an important role in influencing the development and delivery of the volunteering service. Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students, teachers and other staff at school.
Volunteering, which has the potential to create positive social impact, is a key priority for King’s. The Board will ensure that students’ needs are at the core of the service so that all King’s students can make a difference.
This year, the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering will co-create the agenda, and potential topics include:
Volunteering opportunities for the disabled.
Promotion of the Board’s service.
How to recognise and reward volunteers.
Evaluation of the Board’s work.
This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at King’s, regardless of how much or how little you have volunteered. The Board will be run both online and in-person, and its members will be paid the London Living Wage (￡11.95 per hour).
The application deadline is 23:59 on Friday.
Apply via the form below, using your King’s email address.
1.What does the Board aim to do for those at King’s
A.Perform voluntary work.
B.Meet their academic needs.
C.Provide learning opportunities.
D.Discover volunteering chances.
2.Which of the following is a possible topic for this year’s agenda
A.Running the Board online.
B.Training voluntary workers.
C.Assessing the Board’s performance.
D.Taking care of people with disabilities.
3.Who can apply to be a member of the Board at King’s
A.The students.
B.The teachers.
C.The graduates.
D.The working staff.
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain, ” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
5.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
6.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
C
(2023·全国甲卷)
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai Chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo.lan
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009.Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food.For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
8.What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A.They adopt modern cooking methods.
B.They have branches in London.
C.They have top-class chefs.
D.They are based in hotels.
9.Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A.Gaggan.
B.Bo.lan.
C.Issaya Siamese Club.
D.Nahm.
10.What is special about Gaggan
A.It hires staff from India.
B.It puts on a play every day.
C.It serves hard-to-find local dishes.
D.It shows the cooking process to guests.
参考答案
考点分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦国王学院志愿服务给学生、 老师和学校其他工作人员提供做志愿者的机会。
1.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students, teachers and other staff at school.”可知, 委员会的目的是给学生、 老师和学校其他工作人员提供做志愿者的机会。故选D项。
2.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的potential topics include和第四个黑点后面的内容“Evaluation of the Board’s work.”可知, “评估委员会的工作情况”可能是今年议程的话题之一。 故选C项。
3.A 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句“This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at King’s, regardless of how much or how little you have volunteered.”可知, 国王学院的学生们可以申请成为国王学院委员会的成员。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过讲述自己无意中浪费了芝麻菜的例子引出食物浪费的话题, 进而呼吁我们减少食物浪费。
4.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. ”可知, 朋友邀请作者就餐, 作者把鸡肉放进冰柜里, 但随着日子一天天过去, 芝麻菜变坏了。由此猜测, 作者提到芝麻菜的事情是为了说明有时我们会无意识地浪费食物。故选B项。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.”和“‘...it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.’”可知, 食物浪费会造成环境危害。故选B项。
6.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”可知, 该公司回收食物并把它制成更健康的食物。故选D项。
7.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping ...”可知, Curtin建议我们只购买需要的东西。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。 曼谷是“吃货”游客理想的旅游胜地。 作者为读者介绍了几家曼谷的餐馆。
8.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据Nahm部分的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.”以及Issaya Siamese Club部分的“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai Chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant.” 可知, 它们的共同之处是二者都有顶级厨师。
9.B 解析 细节理解题。 根据Bo.lan部分的最后一句 “For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.”可知答案为B项。
10.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据Gaggan部分的第二句 “The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.”可推断, Gaggan的特别之处在于顾客可以直接看到厨房里面厨师烹饪的过程。 故选D项。考点分类练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
A
(2022·全国甲卷)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go, ” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left
an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A.Try challenging things.
B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories.
D.Stick to a promise.
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A.Lovely penguins.
B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare.
D.A friend’s invitation.
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her.
B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved.
D.It needs to be fully introduced.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
B
(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)
An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.
The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.
Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.
Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”
Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.
Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”
Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an e-book best-seller. He said, “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”
5.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do
A.Help to release an e-book as a film.
B.Help readers improve reading speed.
C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.
D.Get readers familiar with the background.
6.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books
A.Sherlock Holmes.
B.Caroline Michel.
C.David Nicholls.
D.Stuart MacBride.
7.What do we know about Stuart MacBride
A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.
B.He knew a great deal of tea.
C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.
D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.
8.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.
B.Response to the need of the book market.
C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.
D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.
C
(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)
For most people, graduation is an exciting day—the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.
I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.
You know that feeling when you wake up in fear That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.
So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智) I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.
The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.
9.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .
A.was having an exciting graduation
B.was getting into financial difficulties
C.missed the life in the university
D.had just applied for the student loan
10.How did the author change the frustrating situation
A.By sending applications.
B.By offering contracts.
C.By keeping writing.
D.By publishing books.
11.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph
A.Unattractive. B.Hopeless.
C.Thrilling. D.Promising.
12.What is the passage mainly about
A.Success belongs to the persevering.
B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.
C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.
D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.
参考答案
考点分类练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ginni从小就热爱旅游, 后来机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行, 并留下了深刻印象的故事。
1.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...has had a deep love for travel.”以及her sons eventually flew the nest可知, Ginni从小就热爱旅行并且儿子们都自立门户了, 所以此处表示自己可以去尝试有挑战的事情了。故选A项。
2.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica ...”,以及第三句中的“I just decided I wanted to go ...”可知, 在智利她买到了去往南极洲的廉价船票, 然后她决定去南极。C项意为“打折票”, 符合题意。故选C项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans ...that hit home to Ginni.”可知, 它应该被很好地保护。注意hit home to sb意为“切中要害, 使人接受”, 不表示“家”的概念。故选C项。
4.B 解析 主旨大意题。文章从第一段提到Ginni去了南极洲, 第二段讲述了她去旅行的前提条件, 第三段讲述机缘巧合她决定去南极洲旅行, 最后两段主要说明Ginni去南极洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南极洲贯穿了全文, 且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永远不会忘记的一次旅途”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出版商希望通过发行带有配乐和音乐伴奏的版本来促进电子书的成功, 以及人们对此的不同看法。
5.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.” 可知, 当一本书的情节达到最激动人心的部分时, 背景音乐就会产生紧张感。由此推知, 出版商希望电子书的配乐能在书的激动人心之处增加紧张感。故选C项。
6.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中Caroline Michel所说的 “Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.” 可以推知, Caroline Michel赞成为电子书增加配乐。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Stuart MacBride所说的 “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.” 可知, Stuart MacBride在阅读时能想象与故事相关的声音。故选D项。
8.A 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其根据第三段的 “Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers.” 以及第六段的 “Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading.” 可知, 本文主要介绍了人们对带有配乐的电子书的(不同)看法。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在毕业后虽然经历失败和恐惧, 但他不放弃, 最终走出困境的励志故事。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.” 可知, 作者在毕业后难以找到工作, 而学生贷款的还款期限日益逼近。由此推知, 作者面临经济困难。故选B项。
10.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “So what did I do to maintain my sanity I decided to write.” 以及 “So I put my thoughts into a children’s book.” 可知, 作者通过坚持写作来改变自己令人沮丧的处境。故选C项。
11.B 解析 词义猜测题。根据最后一段的 “The moral of this story is ... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up.” 可推知, 能够导致放弃的事情可能是无望的或者是糟糕的, 因此能够替换bleak的词应该是hopeless。故选B项。
12.A 解析 主旨大意题。根据作者描述的个人经历以及最后一段内容可知, 本文主要谈论的是 “成功属于坚韧不拔的人”。故选A项。考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
A
(2021·山东淄博高三三模)
For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.
The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.
The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.
Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!
As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The information of industrial revolution.
B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
C.The reasons of climate change.
D.The result of extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Some measures are still required to take.
C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.
D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text
(P:Paragraph)
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Dami n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
4.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami n Blasi’s research focus on
A.Its variety.
B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity.
D.Its development.
5.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
6.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
7.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A.It is key to effective communication.
B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
C
(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)
Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson. I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.
To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.
Throughout my past life as an accountant, a business author and speaker, I volunteered in many fields and many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.
8.What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.
B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.
C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.
D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.
9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but worthwhile.
C.Funny and enjoyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What could be the best title for the passage
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Volunteering: A Journey Back
D.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson
参考答案
考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句 “The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic in nature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述, D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了瑞士苏黎世大学的一个研究小组对唇齿音演化的研究结果。
4.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据第二段的“Now a team of researchers led by Dami n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. (现在, 由瑞士苏黎世大学的Dami n Blasi领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。)” 可知, Blasi的研究专注于它的发展过程。 故选D项。
5.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals... (他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇齿音……)” 可知, 古代成年人上下颚的构造很难发唇齿音。 故选C项。
6.A 解析 段落大意题。 第五段提到“对语言数据库的分析还证实, 新石器时代之后, 世界语言的声音发生了全球变化, ‘f’和‘v’的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。 这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到”。由此可知, 本段为研究的结果提供了证据。 故选A项。
7.C 解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的“...we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution...” 可知, 这是一个复杂动态的体系。 故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, ... two volunteers groom the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where ... There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety ... Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers ... to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children ... There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很累人; 再根据第三段的 “Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.” 和最后一段的 “The journey back has been painful but worthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.C 解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己。也就是说, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此, C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。考点分类练(四) 推理判断题——观点态度类
A
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
1.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
2.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
3.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
B
(2021·山东菏泽一模)
Charvi Goyal is a high school student from Dallas, Texas, who helps out other classmates by tutoring them between classes. A tutor is someone who teaches one person or a very small group of students.
When Goyal’s high school moved online because of the pandemic, she decided to take her teaching online. The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones. It started with a small number of tutors who helped young people in their city. But it has grown into a group of 22 tutors from Texas, Arizona and Ohio. They have helped more than 300 students.
TutorScope aims to give the one-on-one help that teachers have traditionally given while walking around their classrooms. But now, many teachers cannot provide that one-on-one support because they lack time or have issues with technology.
Sarah Newman said her children, 7-year-old twins, had helpful TutorScope experiences. “With these tutors, I realise they have time,” she said, “I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.”
What makes the TutorScope effort special is the connection between the teenage volunteers and the other students they are helping. Although the pandemic has forced many students to look inward, Goyal said that working with others on a big project had permitted her to look outward.“My confidence level has increased,” Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.
5.What did Goyal do because of the pandemic
A.She helped her classmates at school.
B.She got active in fighting a disease.
C.She offered online classes to students.
D.She went to another country for help.
6.What’s the purpose of TutorScope
A.To give online help.
B.To make profits.
C.To make friends.
D.To choose volunteers.
7.What’s Sarah Newman’s attitude towards the programme
A.Favourable. B.Tolerant.
C.Skeptical. D.Critical.
8.What can we learn from Goyal’s success
A.Putting the cart before the horse.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.No man can do two things at once.
D.Helping others will benefit oneself.
C
(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)
Online education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials.
In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral programme. However, the first question out of her mouth was,“Do you offer any online courses ” Later that day, as I was reading the conference programme guide and trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realise at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.
I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognise the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regular classroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programmes at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two staff members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.
9.Why did the author take a student for example
A.To show students’ love for the doctoral programme.
B.To persuade learners of traditional education.
C.To explain the growing trend of online education.
D.To predict the future of the teaching career.
10.What caused the author to know more about online education
A.The appetite for knowledge.
B.The professional responsibilities.
C.The requirement of research.
D.The colleagues’ encouragement.
11.What is the author’s attitude to online education
A.Carefree. B.Doubtful.
C.Supportive. D.Unwilling.
参考答案
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题——观点态度类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了一项新研究, 该研究阐述了“群体智慧”效应的基本原理。
1.B 解析 段落大意题。 根据第二段中的“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors...resulting in a more accurate estimate.”可知, 当足够多的误差被平均在一起时, 它们就会相互抵消, 从而得到更准确的估计。 由此可知, 本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基础逻辑。 故选B项。
2.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that...than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知, Navajas的研究表明, 即使在个体估计不是完全独立的情况下, 其准确率的提高也是可以做到的。 故选D项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“...the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知, 后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。 故选C项。
4.D 解析 观点态度题。 根据文章最后一段内容可知, 尽管Navajas的研究有局限性, 仍存在许多问题, 但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。 由此可推知, 作者对Navajas的研究是持赞成态度的。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生Charvi Goyal在疫情期间通过网络教学帮助了学生, 同时也增强了自己的自信心。
5.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “When Goyal’s high school moved online because of the pandemic, she decided to take her teaching online.” 可知, 疫情期间她为学生提供了在线课程。故选C项。
6.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones.” 可知, TutorScope的目的是提供在线帮助。故选A项。
7.A 解析 观点态度题。根据第四段的 “‘With these tutors, I realise they have time,’she said, ‘I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.’” 可推断, Sarah Newman对这个项目持赞同和支持的态度。故选A项。
8.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “‘My confidence level has increased,’ Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.” 可知, 她做这个项目既帮助了别人, 也帮助了自己。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者接触、研究、学习及实施在线教育的故事。
9.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知, 作者以一个学生为例是想表明自己开始接触在线教育, 而这些经历帮助作者认识到在线教育已成为一种教育趋势。由此推知, 举这个例子是为了预测教学事业的未来。故选D项。
10.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching.” 可推知, 作者尝试远程学习和在线教育是因为对知识的渴望。故选A项。
11.C 解析 观点态度题。根据第三段的 “I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course ... Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.” 可推知, 作者对在线教育的态度是支持的。故选C项。考点分类练(二) 细节理解题——间接信息类
A
(2023·全国乙卷)
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景)can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours away to shoot within 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin,to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
2.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A.Proper time management.
B.Good shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit.
D.Distinctive styles.
3.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
4.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A.Amusing. B.Satisfying.
C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.
B
(2021·广东肇庆三模)
True, people remember what you wear. After a social event, we all remember the woman in red, or the man with the top hat. But in terms of making a good impression, being memorable is not just about novelty or fashion, but attraction, both physical and emotional.
In a 2020 study, Andre Ndobo found people tended to remember the extremes: both attractive and unattractive faces. He acknowledged that one suggested explanation was that both are characterised by distinctive features that promote facial recognition when compared with faces of average attractiveness. But while distinctiveness is memorable, beauty is skin-deep. Accordingly, the way you are remembered by others is often not about what you wear and how you look but about the way you make people feel.
Professional interaction can create positive personal memories. Adrie A.Koehler, in a piece entitled “In the Eye of the Beholder” (2017), found that when asked to recall their best learning experience, many students discussed their memorable teacher. What made the teachers memorable According to the students, memorable qualities included not only teaching styles, but also interpersonal skills and positive qualities such as a sense of humour.
We can relate to the results of this study when recalling people who are memorable in our own lives. They are not always people who we believed to be the smartest or most believed, but often those who made us feel the most comfortable, and who were most interested in us. Sincere interest is uniquely attractive. Not only will you remember what someone said, but they will also remember you.
Regardless of what we wear or how we look, we are always naturally more appealing and approachable when we focus on others and when we are genuine rather than simply sociable. Remember that, and others will remember you.
5.Why is an unattractive face remembered according to Andre Ndobo
A.It creates positive memories.
B.There’s something special about it.
C.It makes people feel uncomfortable.
D.People often try hard to avoid seeing it.
6.What can we infer from the text
A.Smart people are especially attractive.
B.Teaching styles impress students most.
C.The best learning experience is hard to gain.
D.Sincere attention is useful in communication.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.You are what you wear
B.Mind the impression you make
C.How can we improve our self-image
D.What do people remember about you
C
(2023·四川德阳高三第一次诊断性考试)
For nearly every step of his almost 12-mile walk, Darryl Dyer has company. Flocks of crows follow him, signalling each other, because they all know that he’s the guy with the peanuts.
“They know your body type, the way you walk,” Dyer said.
Scientists for years have known that crows have great memories, that they can recognise a human face and behaviour, and can pass that information onto their babies.
Nowadays, researchers are trying to understand more about the crow’s brain and behaviour, specifically what it does when the birds see one of their own die. They react loudly to the dead, but the reasons aren’t entirely known. Among the guesses is that they are mourning; losing a partner could be a significant moment for the social animals. Crows place sticks and other objects on dead birds—a funeral of sorts.
“Crows have evolved to have these complex social relationships, and they have a big brain,” said Kaeli Swift, who led the study.
How big is a brain Crows are similar to smart mammals, like dolphins and monkeys, in brain-to-body proportion(比例). They have been known to be problem solvers and are among the few animals recorded to use tools.
In another part of the experiment, using slightly radioactive tracers, researchers measured the brain activity of crows after they were shown a dead bird. The scans showed the section of the hippocampus—the part involved in memory formation—light up at the sight of death. “In that particular situation at least, that crow was learning about a place, or a face, or a situation and associated it with that dead crow,” said Johin Marzluff, the lead researcher.
8.What does Darryl Dyer say about the crows
A.They have good teamwork.
B.They want to get to know him.
C.They like peanuts best.
D.They are familiar with him.
9.What can be learned from the text
A.Crows behave badly to each other.
B.Crows can’t remember things well.
C.Crows can acquire information from their parents.
D.Crows mourn their partners’ death in a silent way.
10.What is the best title for the text
A.Crows are friends of humans
B.A big brain makes crows intelligent
C.Crows can memorize things
D.Crows hold a funeral for the dead
参考答案
考点分类练(二) 细节理解题——间接信息类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章叙述了作者不畏艰险, 拍摄出高质量的风景照的故事。
1.B 解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段的“To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours away to shoot within 10-minute time frame.I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.”可知, 为了拍摄一些风景照片, 作者经常和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险, 沿途拍照。 故选B项。
2.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据第三段的“Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.”可知, 作者认为拍照成功的关键在于, 在正确的时间出现在正确的地点, 即适当的时间管理。 故选A项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段的“However, we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.”可知, 作者他们险些错过了日落, 即到达拍摄地点比预计的晚了一些。 故选C项。
4.B 解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段最后一句“Still looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.”可知, 作者认为尽管还有些缺憾, 但照片拍得还是不错的, 作者对此感到很满意。 故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们对别人哪些方面的表现更容易留下深刻印象。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “...both are characterised by distinctive features that promote facial recognition when compared with faces of average attractiveness.” 可知, 一张没有吸引力的脸会被记住是因为它有一些特别之处。故选B项。
6.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的 “Sincere interest is uniquely attractive. Not only will you remember what someone said, but they will also remember you.” 可知, 真诚的关注在沟通中是有用的。故选D项。
7.D 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “But in terms of making a good impression, being memorable is not just about novelty or fashion, but attraction, both physical and emotional.” 以及后文的描述可知, D项是最好的标题。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过乌鸦辨认人的事例和科学家对乌鸦向亲属悼念的实验得出结论:乌鸦拥有较大的大脑, 这使得它们更加聪明。
8.D 解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段的“They know your body type, the way you walk...” 可知, 乌鸦们对他很熟悉。故选D项。
9.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段“Scientists for years have known that crows have great memories, that they can recognise a human face and behaviour, and can pass that information onto their babies.”可知, 科学家花费数年的时间得知乌鸦有很好的记忆力, 它们可以识别人脸和行为,并且能把那些信息传递给它们的孩子。 由此推知, 乌鸦可以从其父母那里获取信息。故选C项。
10.B 解析 标题归纳题。 文章通过介绍乌鸦辨认人的事例及科学家的一系列关于乌鸦记忆力的实验证明, 乌鸦聪明的原因是它拥有较大的大脑, 所以文章主要想介绍的是乌鸦的大脑使它们聪明。故选B项。考点分类练(十一) 词句猜测题——代词指代类
A
(2021·山东淄博一模)
Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.
There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programmes may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created a kind of spyware to “provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”.
In my opinion, the protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape the cameras and microphones through lack of understanding of how their devices work and how the malware(恶意软件) works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using the cameras or microphones. If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted virus to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and so on.
It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it: we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.
Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant the malware in your device. To prevent the malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online bank accounts.
1.What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Cameras. B.Types.
C.Programmes. D.Devices.
2.What is NSO Group
A.A group of hackers.
B.A company developing spyware.
C.A group of terrorists and criminals.
D.A company fighting against crime.
3.Why does the author think “the protection technique is highly overestimated”
A.People know little about their devices.
B.Hackers have no access to others.
C.It hardly prevents the malware from getting privacy.
D.It can’t cover the cameras completely.
B
(2021·安徽合肥高三教学质量检测)
Ever since she received a little toy airliner as a birthday gift, Kate has been attracted by flight. From flying remote-controlled airplanes to building her own model ones, Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions, but only until recently has she been able to take that to new heights.
When Kate heard about the Upwind Scholarship from her school counselor, she knew it was an extraordinary opportunity to realise her dream. The programme’s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot’s license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.
After completing a lengthy application and her subsequent acceptance into the programme, Kate began her training last spring. Normally, recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying. Due to the pandemic, however, Kate spent hours each weekend studying online lessons in her room whenever she got a break from homework. Once summer came around, Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training from nine to five every day.“It was the toughest part of the programme,” Kate said.
After completing that portion of ground school, Kate was finally able to begin flying at the San Carlos Airport with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area. Flying, especially for first-timers like Kate, is a hands-on process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.
Now, having finished the programme and earned her PPL, Kate plans on training as a flight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.
She credits the Upwind Scholarship to all she’s been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it.“It is a very hard scholarship to win, and you have to be truly interested in flight,” Kate said.“It can’t be something like ‘Oh, why don’t I try flying this summer ’ You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put effort into succeeding in the programme.”
4.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Her skill of building model airplanes.
B.Her wish to travel around the world.
C.Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.
D.Her desire to fly remote-controlled airplanes.
5.What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship
A.To help students in need to achieve their dreams.
B.To provide necessary training for private pilots for free.
C.To give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.
D.To prepare high school students to become a private pilot.
6.What did Kate do in ground school
A.She took online lessons on flying.
B.She went over the fundamentals of flying.
C.She did some research into the pandemic.
D.She finished applying for the programme.
7.Which of the following best describes Kate
A.Confident and aggressive.
B.Strong-willed and patient.
C.Demanding and courageous.
D.Ambitious and hard-working.
C
(2021·河北秦皇岛二模)
Every four or five years, vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America. This phenomenon, El Ni o, creates storms that cause destructive floods. The result is costly.
Modern farmers come to terms with El Ni o. They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones. But history suggests it need not be like that. In a paper published recently, Ari Caramanica, an archaeologist in Lima, shows how it used to be done. And the answer seems to be “better”.
Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan, a coastal desert plain in northern Peru. It is not suitable for farming. Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Ni o years is usually less than two centimetres. Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.
It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did. But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms. She thought that they were intended to guide the floodwaters arriving during Ni o years. Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure of this area seemed to have been built only for managing Ni o-generated floodwaters.
Evidence from pollen supports this theory, revealing that the Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years, while remaining nearly barren in others. The team also uncovered two cisterns(蓄水箱) in the area serviced by the extended canals. These, probably, were used to store extra floodwaters.
These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Ni o, early farmers in the Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived. Modern farmers might do well to learn from them.
8.What does the recent study focus on
A.Living with El Ni o.
B.Effects of El Ni o.
C.Farming in the desert.
D.Water shortage in Peru.
9.What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.Ancient farmers. B.Rivers.
C.Farms. D.Canals.
10.What lesson can be learned from early farmers
A.Every advantage has its disadvantage.
B.In every difficulty lies an opportunity.
C.Sharp tools make good work.
D.It’s never too late to mend.
11.In which section of a website may this text appear
A.Education. B.Travel.
C.Business. D.Science.
参考答案
考点分类练(十一) 词句猜测题——代词指代类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何保护我们设备上的隐私。
1.D 解析 代词指代题。根据第二段的 “There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do.” 可知, 有许多类型的间谍软件可以潜入我们的设备并秘密监视它们, 记录它们所做的一切。由此推知, 画线词them指代的是前面提到的devices。故选D项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “... by companies like NSO Group who created a kind of spyware to ‘provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime’.” 可知, 这些公司研发某种间谍软件, 为所授权的政府提供有助于打击恐怖行动和犯罪的科技。故选B项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。由题干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句, 且根据第三段的 “If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted virus to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and so on.” 可知, 这种保护技术很难阻止恶意软件获取隐私。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯特从小就爱好飞行, 以及她为了实现成为一名飞行员的梦想所做出的努力。
4.C 解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句提到的“Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions”和第二段开头提到的“...it was an extraordinary opportunity to realise her dream.”可知, 凯特从小就爱好飞行, 驾驶飞机是她的梦想。由此推测, that指代 “她想成为一名飞行员的梦想”。故选C项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “The programme’s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot’s license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.” 可知, 它的目标是让想成为私人飞行员的高中生做好相应的准备。故选D项。
6.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “... recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying.” 和 “... Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training...” 可知, 凯特在地面学校回顾飞行的基础知识。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可推断, 凯特很有志向; 再根据最后一段中凯特所说的话 “It is a very hard scholarship to win, and you have to be truly interested in flight ... You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put effort into succeeding in the programme.” 可知, 凯特为了获得奖学金很努力。由此推断, 凯特很有雄心壮志, 而且为了梦想非常努力。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。
8.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Modern farmers come to terms with El Ni o ... In a paper published recently ... shows how it used to be done. And the answer seems to be ‘better’.” 可知, 最近的研究重点与厄尔尼诺现象共存。故选A项。
9.D 解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句 “But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms.” 以及后面的“...were intended to guide the floodwaters arriving during Ni o years.”可知, Caramanica博士认为上文提到的八条运河是为了引洪。由此推知, they指代的是 “运河”。故选D项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Ni o, early farmers in the Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived.” 可知, 当厄尔尼诺现象到来时, 早期农民并没有进行抵制, 而是做好了利用它的准备。由此推知, 我们可以从早期农民那里学到 “每一个困难中都蕴藏着机会” 这一道理。故选B项。
11.D 解析 推理判断题。通读文章可知, 在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 而文章正是介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。由此推知, 文章可能选自网站的 “科学” 版面。故选D项。考点分类练(十) 词句猜测题——词语猜测类
A
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object-the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history,in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses-absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智),wealth or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the printing press,books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.More recently,as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway,artists have used them as the raw material for artworks-transforming covers,pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view,the printed book is certainly ancient,but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.To serve its function,a book must be activated by a user:the cover opened,the pages parted,the contents reviewed,perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked,a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private,“off-line” activity.
1.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
2.What are the selected artworks about
A.Wealth and intellect.
B.Home and school.
C.Books and reading.
D.Work and leisure.
3.What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Understand. B.Paint.
C.Seize. D.Transform.
4.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A.The printed book is not totally out of date.
B.Technology has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D.People now rarely have the patience to read.
B
(2021·山东烟台高三诊断性测试)
One in five children starting primary school in the UK are overweight. By the time they leave school, that figure will rise to one in three. The chance of them being overweight in adulthood, which brings a range of associated health risks, is high, at 50%-75%.
The root cause of diet-related fatness is no secret: an energy imbalance between the quantity of food being consumed and the level of physical activity being conducted. Addressing this imbalance needs to be, in part, a review of our diet. More fresh ingredients(材料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet.
The Department of Health has recognised that a collective approach, rather than just individual behaviour change, is a successful way of achieving this. Universal adjustments like a blanket decrease in sugar content influence the way we eat through the choices available to us.
Applying this approach to school kitchens makes sense. They have an important role to play in maintaining healthy diets. Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school.
It’s an area the Soil Association consistently works to handle through its Food for Life programme—working with schools to transform food culture, improve food education and encourage lasting changes to the way schools think about food. It works. In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in the control schools.
One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients. It encourages local seasonal produce and requires a commitment to environmentally friendly produce. At its heart, the award is designed to support health and enhance food understanding.
Over 50% of English primary schools have such an award already, serving around 1.7 million meals each day to over 10,000 schools and it’s a figure we’ll see grow.
5.What does the underlined word “Addressing” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Tackling. B.Ignoring.
C.Maintaining. D.Postponing.
6.Which approach will work for students to build a balanced diet
A.Stopping them eating alone in schools.
B.Getting them aware of the harm of fatness.
C.Ensuring healthy recipes on school menus.
D.Increasing the availability and flavour of food.
7.What can we say about the Food for Life programme
A.It’s a heavy load on schools.
B.It’s complicated to operate.
C.It’s a temporary project.
D.It’s a fruitful attempt.
8.Which type of food may the Food for Life Served Here award promote
A.Sugary snacks.
B.First-class sausages.
C.High-quality imported beef.
D.Freshly picked organic beans.
C
(2021·江西南昌高三教学质量检测)
Perhaps thousands of people have searched for a bronze chest full of gold and jewels hidden in the Rocky Mountains between Santa Fe and the Canadian border hidden by an adventurer. At least four people died in their search for the treasure.
But it’s all over now. Fenn’s treasure has been found. The 89-year-old adventurer named Forrest Fenn, who created the treasure hunt, announced the news via his website.“I don’t know the person who found it, but the poem in my book led him to the precise spot,” Fenn wrote.“The treasure was confirmed by a photograph the lucky finder sent me.”
Forrest Fenn, the man who started the hunt, lives in Santa Fe. He was a pilot in the Vietnam War and later accumulated(积累) his wealth as a dealer in art and antiques. Fenn was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer in 1988 and had planned to die peacefully in the woods with his treasure. But when his cancer became less serious, he changed his plan, eventually writing the poem that described his dream resting place, which is where he hid the treasure. The poem appeared in a memoir called The Thrill of the Chase. Fenn said that the chest wouldn’t be found by accident; only a treasure hunter who correctly interpreted the clues would find it.
Several treasure hunters went missing while attempting to find the chest, including hunter Jeff Murphy and Mike Petersen, both of whom went missing in Yellowstone National Park in 2017. Fenn said that he had never been to that park, and that the treasure was not in a dangerous place.“It was in the thick forest of the Rocky Mountains and had not been moved from the spot where I hid it more than 10 years ago,” Fenn wrote on his website. It is illegal to remove anything from a national park, which would cause trouble in legally claiming the treasure if it was found there.
9.What contributed to the finding of the treasure
A.Fenn’s announcement.
B.A poem in Fenn’s book.
C.Fenn’s vivid description.
D.A photo on Fenn’s website.
10.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.Who Forrest Fenn was.
B.Where Fenn hid the treasure.
C.How the treasure hunt began.
D.What Fenn did to find the treasure.
11.What can we learn about Fenn’s treasure
A.It was in Yellowstone National Park.
B.It was found by someone by chance.
C.It was moved from one place to another.
D.It was in Fenn’s chosen resting place.
12.What does the underlined word “claiming” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Taking.
B.Burying.
C.Protecting.
D.Acknowledging.
参考答案
考点分类练(十) 词句猜测题——词语猜测类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers这本书。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景, 论述了在通信技术发达的现在, 纸质书仍然具有互动性, 并没有过时。
1.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object- the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”以及第二段的第一句“In this ‘book of books,’...”可知, 本文主要介绍了一本书。故选A项。
2.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.”和第二段中关于不同人物和阅读场景的描述可知, 选取的艺术作品是与书籍和阅读相关的。故选C项。
3.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据本段的“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to.(这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的, 但它们记录了一些我们都可以 的时刻)”可知, 此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带, 故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解;了解”。故选A项。
4.A 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知, 虽然印刷的书籍相对于电子书籍来说是古老的, 但它仍旧有自己存在的理由。由此推出, 作者此处是为了突出印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为帮助学生建立均衡饮食, 英国的小学所采取的一系列方法。
5.A 解析 词义猜测题。画线词所在句之后的 “More fresh ingredients especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives are all important factors in building a balanced diet.” 讲的是解决不均衡的办法。由此推断, 画线词在此处的意思是 “解决”。故选A项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school.” 可知, 确保学校菜单上有健康的食谱可以帮助学生建立均衡的饮食。故选C项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的 “In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in the control schools.” 可知, Food for Life programme是一次卓有成效的尝试。故选D项。
8.D 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 “One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients.” 可知, 学校参与其中的一种方式是提供一种奖励, 这意味着至少75%的菜肴是在现场用新鲜食材制作的。也就是说, 该奖项推广的是新鲜食物。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。众多寻宝人寻找多年的宝藏最终被找到了, 藏宝人Forrest Fenn通过自己的网页发布了这个消息。
9.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “I don’t know the person who found it, but the poem in my book led him to the precise spot...” 可知, 是Fenn的书里面的一首诗促成了宝藏的发现。故选B项。
10.C 解析 段落大意题。通读该段内容可知, 本段主要讲述了Forrest Fenn的个人经历, 以及他是如何将宝藏隐藏起来让别人寻找的。故选C项。
11.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “But when his cancer became less serious, he changed his plan, eventually writing the poem that described his dream resting place, which is where he hid the treasure.” 可知, Fenn的宝藏在他选择的安息之所。故选D项。
12.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文 “It is illegal to remove anything from a national park ...” 可知, 从国家公园带走任何东西都是违法的, 因此 “...which would cause trouble in legally claiming the treasure if it was found there.” 这一部分应表示 “如果宝藏在国家公园被发现的话, 想要合法地带走宝藏就会引起不少麻烦”。由此可知, 画线词意为 “带走, 认领”。故选A项。考点分类练(十二) 词句猜测题——句意理解类
A
(2021·浙江6月高考模拟)
Every culture has a recognised point when a child becomes an adult, when rules must be followed and tests must be passed.
In the US, the main step to the freedom of adult life is learning to drive. At 16, American teens take their driving test. When they have their license, they drive into the grown-up world.
“Nobody wants to ride the bus to school,” said Eleanor Fulham, 17. She remembered the pressure. “It’s like you’re not cool if you don’t have a car,” she said.
According to recent research, 41% of 16- to 19-year-olds in the US own cars, up from 23% in 1985. Although, most of these cars are bought by parents, some teens get part-time jobs to help pay.
Not all families can afford cars for their children. In cities with subways and limited parking, some teenagers don’t want them. But in rich suburban areas without subways, and where bicycles are more for fun than transportation, it is strange for a teenager not to have a car.
But the police say 16-year-olds have almost three times more accidents than 18- to 19-year-olds. This has made many parents pause before letting their kids drive.
Julie Sussman decided that her son Chad, 15, will wait until he is 17 to apply for his learner’s permit.
Chad said he had accepted his parents’ decision, although it had caused some teasing from his friends.“They say that I am unlucky,” he said.“But I’d rather be alive than driving, and I don’t really trust my friends on the road, either.”
In China,as more families get cars, more 18-year-olds learn to drive.
1.Which may serve as the best title of the article
A.Cars helping you to grow up
B.Driving into the grown-up world
C.Teenagers’ driving in America
D.Recognised points of becoming an adult
2.What does the underlined sentence mean
A.He might run into his friends if he drove.
B.He didn’t agree with his friends.
C.He might not be safe if his friends drove.
D.He was afraid that his friends might well lie to him
3.The passage mainly gives information about .
A.an American culture
B.a cultural difference between America and China
C.a change in the Chinese culture
D.the relationship between driving and a person’s development
B
(2023·广东深圳高三第一次调研)
From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family.”
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book — curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, his sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his loving mother.
Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, the next you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained. ”
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
4.Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu
A.Risky. B.Busy.
C.Tough. D.Diverse.
5.What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2
A.I introduced my family by mistake.
B.I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C.I couldn’t help introducing my family.
D.I gave wrong information about my family.
6.What are paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 mainly about
A.The book’s writing feature.
B.Durrell’s rich imagination.
C.Some interesting plots of the book.
D.Some vivid descriptions of the island.
7.What is the purpose of this text
A.To share an experience.
B.To recommend a book.
C.To introduce a writing style.
D.To describe an unusual place.
C
(2021·吉林长春高三期末)
Why do we like drinking water from plastic bottles Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy—you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, we often buy bottles of cold water in summer.
However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a source of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldn’t need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we reused all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, we don’t reuse much of the plastic we use. In 2006, Greeks reused only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and seas.
So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you reuse it, you will help the environment. But what can you do when there isn’t a bin near you Well, there are lots of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut a bottle in half, you will have a plant pot. Go green! You can make a difference.
8.What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage
A.It’s healthy.
B.It’s clean.
C.It’s easy.
D.It’s expensive.
9.Plastic products are made from .
A.energy B.oil
C.rubbish D.plants
10.Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles
A.To reuse them.
B.To make a piggy bank.
C.To make a plant pot.
D.To drop them into the river.
11.The underlined part in this passage tells us “ ”.
A.To make a different life, you’d better go outside
B.To look different, you’d better wear green clothes
C.To protect the environment, you can do something
D.To go green, you should use plastic products
参考答案
考点分类练(十二) 词句猜测题——句意理解类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的一种文化现象——让孩子通过拿驾照的方式使他们意识到自己已经是成年人了。
1.B 解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 文章主要介绍了一种文化现象, 即通过让孩子学会开车并拿到驾照的方式使他们明白自己是成年人了。故选B项。
2.C 解析 句意理解题。根据画线句前面的“But I’d rather be alive than driving”可以看出, 他对朋友们的驾驶技术没有信心。故选C项。
3.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段以及后文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了在美国让孩子通过拿驾照的方式使其意识到自己已是成年人这一文化现象。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章推荐了英国作家Gerald Durrell的一本书——《我的家人和其他动物》。
4.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.” 可知, Durrell在科孚岛的生活是多样的。故选D项。
5.C 解析 句意理解题。根据语境和画线句前文 “was intended to be a nostalgic account of natural history” 可知, 作者原本想写一本关于自然历史的怀旧书, 由此推知, “...but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family.”表示“但在前几页, 我错误地介绍了我的家人。”因此画线部分应为“我情不自禁地介绍了自己的家人”。故选C项。
6.A 解析 段落大意题。根据第四段的 “Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. (Durrell对细节的关注使这本书如此引人入胜, 岛上的每一个景象、声音和气味都栩栩如生)” 和第五段的 “My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry. (《我的家庭和其他动物》很难归类, 一部分是游记, 一部分是自传, 一部分是自然历史, 一部分是喜剧, 全文用一种描述性的语言贯穿始终, 有时几乎把它提升到诗歌的境界)” 可知, 这两段主要介绍了这本书的写作特点。故选A项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。通读全文, 尤其是根据最后一段 “As a real delight to read, it’s the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life. (作为一种真正的阅读乐趣, 对于任何目前正走在艰难人生道路上的成年人或年龄较大的青少年来说, 都是一种完美的文学逃避)” 可知, 这篇文章的目的是推荐这本《我的家庭和其他动物》。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了瓶装水的好处, 但也指出瓶装水使用了大量的塑料, 而塑料废弃后会对环境造成污染, 建议人们更多地重复使用塑料瓶。
8.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy—you can carry it around with you.” 可知, 文中提到有人认为瓶装水健康、干净而且容易携带。但文章没有提到它很贵。故选D项。
9.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products.” 可知, 要生产塑料制品需要使用石油。故选B项。
10.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “If we reused all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps.” 可知, 重新使用塑料瓶是处理塑料污染最好的方法。故选A项。
11.C 解析 句意理解题。根据画线部分前面的内容可知, 我们可以用多种方法重复使用塑料瓶, 减少对环境的污染。也就是说, 如果我们人人努力, 就可以对保护环境起到作用。故选C项。考点分类练(六) 推理判断题——文章出处类
A
(2021·安徽江淮十校第二次联考)
Storyland company right now opens the door for new young professionals, artists and passionate drama teachers.
We are looking for someone, who is in love with Art, Art Education and kids. Joining this position you will be working on educational art programmes to develop students’ imagination, creativity, and taste for art and beauty.
●Work with younger students (between the ages of 3 and 5), but also be ready to work with elder kids
●Be ready to work with students with varying levels of English
●Candidates won’t be teaching English, he/she will be teaching Drama and Theatre Studies, so make sure you are experienced and professional in that area
●Caring, passionate, motivated (younger than 40 years old, as you will be joining young growing team)
●High energy and flexibility
●Willing and ready to commit at least 2 years for the project (with contract signing)
●Flexible work hours depending on schedule with no more than 40 hours per week
Requirements
●A passionate, warm, and caring personality
●Good teamwork skills
●Experience in teaching children is a plus
Wage and Benefits Package
●18,000-20,000 RMB before tax per month depending on experience
●7-day paid vacation
●A working visa is provided
●Medical insurance
●Annual company trips
We are innovative and fast-growing. If you want to share your story and are searching for your dream land—Join Us Now!
1.Who is Storyland working for
A.Young professionals.
B.Artists.
C.Drama teachers.
D.Kids.
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE
A.Employees will work with kids who can speak good English.
B.Employees should be energetic and flexible.
C.Employees will get a salary of 18,000-20,000 RMB after tax per month.
D.Employees should pay for medical insurance by themselves.
3.Where is the passage most probably taken from
A.A job-hunting website.
B.A book on art.
C.A research paper.
D.A news report.
B
(2023·全国乙卷)
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
4.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
5.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
6.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Problem. B.History.
C.Voice. D.Society.
7.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
C
(2021·江苏泰州高三第二次联考)
For most of us, the world’s southernmost point seems like a pretty place, but for Hannah, Hannalore, Sophie and Julia, it’s home. Each year they spend five months living and working in Port welcoming visiting ships and, best of all, watching over the local penguins(企鹅).
They live on a tiny island, but share it with about 2,000 gentoo penguins and their chicks, as well as other birds. Life here is different every day and depends on weather and ice conditions, as well as the visiting ships’ schedules. Port Lockroy is one of the most visited places in Antarctica, with one to three ships visiting a day. Between ship visits they have other duties to attend to. These include maintenance jobs, sending postcards from the post office, checking conditions on the historical items in the museum and monitoring the penguin colonies and other wildlife.
Hannah spends much time stamping people’s postcards, which makes her happy. For Sophie, the most amazing thing about her job is being able to live and work with her feathery friends, the penguins. Sophie says they have to make sure the penguins are not disturbed when they are resting or waddling(摇摆地行走) their way back to their nests. They mark specific routes for visitors to walk on so that they don’t use the penguins’ highways.
8.What can we learn from the passage
A.How to live and work in Antarctica.
B.What the real life is like in Antarctica.
C.What the four women do in Antarctica.
D.How to explore the beauty of Antarctica.
9.Which of the following is TRUE about Port Lockroy
A.Postcards from Port Lockroy are free of charge.
B.Port Lockroy welcomes the most tourists in Antarctica.
C.Weather is a factor to consider if people are to visit Port Lockroy.
D.When visiting Port Lockroy, tourists can travel wherever as they like.
10.In which column of the newspaper are you most likely to read the passage
A.Book review.
B.People in the news.
C.Economics and business.
D.Sports and events.
参考答案
考点分类练(六) 推理判断题——文章出处类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Storyland公司的招聘事宜。
1.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “We are looking for someone, who is in love with Art, Art Education and kids.” 可知, Storyland公司是为孩子们工作的。故选D项。
2.B 解析 细节理解题。根据文中的“High energy and flexibility”可知, 雇员应精力充沛并具有灵活性。故选B项。
3.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Storyland company right now opens the door for new young professionals, artists and passionate drama teachers.” 和后文的形式及内容可知, Storyland公司在进行招聘, 所以这样的文章很可能来自一个求职网站。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。 文章阐述了文字和实物史料共同记录历史的重要性, 不能仅凭文字记载历史。
4.A 解析 段落大意题。 通读第一段内容可知, 作者认为不能只通过文本来讲述历史, 因为世界上大多数地方在大多数时候都没有文字, 而且许多有文字的社会在记录时也不仅用文字, 而是用实物。 作者开篇点题, 引出了文章所要讨论的主题: 应如何呈现过去的事件。 故选A项。
5.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据本段第一句话可知, 作者提及Captain Cook是在暗示他的记录是单方面的, 是片面的。 本段举例是为了论证, 只有文字是不全面的, 还需要有实物。 故选D项。
6.B 解析 词义猜测题。 根据画线词前部分中的“...a history told through things gives them back a voice.”可知, 此处的conversation指的是“历史”。 同时重申本文论点: 要了解历史, 不仅需要文字, 还需要有实物。 故选B项。
7.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段中的“Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.”和“a history told through things”以及“...we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.”可知, 本文最有可能选自A History of the World in 100 Objects。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了Hannah、Hannalore、Sophie和Julia在南极洲一个港口迎接来访的船只并照看本地企鹅的故事。
8.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “For most of us, the world’s southernmost point seems like a pretty place, but for Hannah, Hannalore, Sophie and Julia, it’s home. Each year they spend five months living and working ...” 以及下文对这四位女性在南极洲工作的介绍可知, 我们可以从文中了解到这四位女性在南极洲做什么。故选C项。
9.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Life here is different every day and depends on weather and ice conditions, as well as the visiting ships’ schedules.” 可知, 这里的生活每天都不同, 取决于天气、冰况, 还有船只的日程安排。由此推知, 如果人们要去这个港口, 天气是一个需要考虑的因素。故选C项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知, 文章主要讲述了四位女性在南极洲的一个港口迎接来访的船只并照看本地企鹅的故事。由此推知, 本文主讲了四位女性, 所以最有可能在报纸的 “新闻人物” 专栏里读到这篇文章。故选B项。考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
A
(2022·全国乙卷)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
B
(2021·山东烟台一模)
Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.
Crede analysed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.
Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of classroom material compared to multiple-choice questions.
Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.
5.What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy
A.He focused on what happened in classrooms.
B.He researched as many students as he could.
C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible.
D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well.
6.What did Crede discover in his study
A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes.
B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes.
C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students.
D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.
7.What may be a disadvantage of frequent quizzes for teachers
A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.
B.Having too many exam papers to mark.
C.Being unable to get appropriate test material.
D.Finding it hard to choose the right type.
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for Creation
B.Quizzes Improve Academic Performance
C.Quizzes Create a Heavy Burden
D.Quizzes Increase Boredom
C
(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)
Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the males take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort into the nest.
The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, the males fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organised groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.
The males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.
Doting(宠爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some frog species, the dads also warn the mums when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.
9.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Children. B.Relatives.
C.Friends. D.Colleagues.
10.What can we infer about the male anemone fish
A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.
B.They are much larger than the female anemone fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks on other animals.
11.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish
A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish.
B.The young fish are already independent.
C.The living environment is worse.
D.The dad is in a state of aging.
12.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Model Father in the Animal Kingdom
B.The New Role of the Male Anemone Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life
D.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature
参考答案
考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、 对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。
1.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句可知, 无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线, 这使得它被应用于铁路系统成为可能。 故选A项。
2.C 解析 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中的“...to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可以推断出, 画线单词指的就是“维修, 维护”。 故选C项。
3.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知, 人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报, 确保列车能及时应对问题, 从而提高安全系数。 故选A项。
4.D 解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围, 以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向, 因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现, 经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。
5.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.” 可知, 为确保研究的准确性, Crede排除了实验室环境下的研究资料, 而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes.” 可知, 频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes.” 可知, 要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。
8.B 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea.” 和第三段的 “Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了Crede通过研究证明, 经常进行小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响, 因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。
9.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring.” 可推测, 画线词意为 “后代, 孩子”。故选A项。
10.C 解析 推理判断题。第二段提到雄性海葵鱼帮忙保护巢穴, 给巢穴提供源源不断的氧气并保持周围环境的清洁; 第三段提到雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵的清洁, 保护它们不被吃掉; 第四段提到雄性海葵鱼保护刚出生的幼鱼, 并把那些离巢太远的幼鱼带回来。由以上信息可推知, 雄性海葵鱼是非常优秀的父亲。故选C项。
11.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.” 可知, 这意味着幼鱼长大并独立了。故选B项。
12.A 解析 标题归纳题。根据全文内容, 尤其是第一段 “Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish for example.” 可知, 文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代, 因而A项 “动物王国里的模范父亲” 是最佳标题。故选A项。
