考点分类练(十二) 词句猜测题——句意理解类
A
(2021·浙江6月高考模拟)
Every culture has a recognised point when a child becomes an adult, when rules must be followed and tests must be passed.
In China, although teenagers can get their ID cards at 16, many only see themselves as an adult when they are 18. In the US, the main step to the freedom of adult life is learning to drive. At 16, American teens take their driving test. When they have their license, they drive into the grown-up world.
“Nobody wants to ride the bus to school,” said Eleanor Fulham, 17. She remembered the pressure. “It’s like you’re not cool if you don’t have a car,” she said.
According to recent research, 41% of 16-to 19-year-olds in the US own cars, up from 23% in 1985. Although, most of these cars are bought by parents, some teens get part-time jobs to help pay.
Not all families can afford cars for their children. In cities with subways and limited parking, some teenagers don’t want them. But in rich suburban areas without subways, and where bicycles are more for fun than transportation, it is strange for a teenager not to have a car.
But the police say 16-year-olds have almost three times more accidents than 18-to 19-year-olds. This has made many parents pause before letting their kids drive.
Julie Sussman decided that her son Chad, 15, will wait until he is 17 to apply for his learner’s permit.
Chad said he had accepted his parents’ decision, although it had caused some teasing from his friends.“They say that I am unlucky,” he said.“But I’d rather be alive than driving, and I don’t really trust my friends on the road, either.”
In China as more families get cars, more 18-year-olds learn to drive.
1.Which may serve as the best title of the article
A.Cars helping you to grow up
B.Driving into the grown-up world
C.Teenagers’ driving in America
D.Recognised points of becoming an adult
2.What does the underlined sentence mean
A.He might run into his friends if he drove.
B.He didn’t agree with his friends.
C.He might not be safe if his friends drove.
D.He was afraid that his friends might well lie to him
3.The passage mainly gives information about .
A.an American culture
B.a cultural difference between America and China
C.a change in the Chinese culture
D.the relationship between driving and a person’s development
B
The 90-minute long game involves two goals, black and white checkered balls, goalkeeper, and no hand use. This sport, of course, is soccer or football, as the majority of the rest of the world says. It’s confusing that some countries call this sport “football” while Americans and Canadians say “soccer”, but apparently the British are mostly to blame.
The name confusion was actually thanks to British universities in the early 1800s who tried standardising various sports games that had different rules and regulations to distinguish between them, according to a paper by Stefan Szymanski, a professor of sports economics at the University of Michigan.
Rugby, formerly known as “rugby football” or “rugger”, is a translation of “football” where you can use your hands. Soccer, originally “association football” or “asoccer”, is the traditional translation of “football” where people don’t use their hands. People in England started shortening the names by dropping the “association” part of the phrase as well as the “a” in “asoccer”. If your head hurts from thinking about this, prepare to have your mind blown by these things you probably never thought about—until just now.
Now comes the complexity: in 1869, two colleges held the first traditional, recorded football game using a unique combination of rules from both rugby and soccer, creating what we know as “American football” and what other countries refer to as “gridiron”. Thanks to the popularity of American football, soccer players in America keep to “soccer” to help distinguish themselves.
If the name “soccer” stuck in Britain, and if Americans came up with a better one for American football, there would be much less confusion. So why did the “football” short kind of “association football” become more popular than “soccer” in England anyway Originally, American influence on Britain during World War Ⅱ made “soccer” the popular term in England before the 1980s. Once the sport became more popular in the United States around that time, the British stopped using “soccer”.
4.What caused the name confusion in the early 1800s
A.Game time.
B.Sports rules.
C.Ball popularity.
D.News organisations.
5.What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 3
A.The name confusion is becoming stronger.
B.You cannot use your hands while playing games.
C.The names make it more difficult for people to understand.
D.Making the best of the head in the sports is extremely vital.
6.In which of the following do the two belong to the same one
A.“Rugby” and “Soccer”.
B.“Rugger” and “American football”.
C.“American football” and “Gridiron”.
D.“Gridiron” and “Association football”.
C
(2021·吉林长春高三期末)
Why do we like drinking water from plastic bottles Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy—you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, we often buy bottles of cold water in summer.
However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a source of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldn’t need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we reused all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, we don’t reuse much of the plastic we use. In 2006, Greeks reused only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and seas.
So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you reuse it, you will help the environment. But what can you do when there isn’t a bin near you Well, there are lots of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut a bottle in half, you will have a plant pot. Go green! You can make a difference.
7.What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage
A.It’s healthy.
B.It’s clean.
C.It’s easy.
D.It’s expensive.
8.Plastic products are made from .
A.energy B.oil
C.rubbish D.plants
9.Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles
A.To reuse them.
B.To make a piggy bank.
C.To make a plant pot.
D.To drop them into the river.
10.The underlined part in this passage tells us “ ”.
A.To make a different life, you’d better go outside
B.To look different, you’d better wear green clothes
C.To protect the environment, you can do something
D.To go green, you should use plastic products
考点分类练(十二) 词句猜测题——句意理解类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的一种文化现象——让孩子通过拿驾照的方式使他们意识到自己已经是成年人了。
1.B 解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 文章主要介绍了一种现象, 即通过让孩子学会开车并拿到驾照的方式使他们明白自己是成年人了。故选B项。
2.C 解析 句意理解题。根据画线句前面的But I’d rather be alive than driving可以看出, 他对朋友们的驾驶技术没有信心。故选C项。
3.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段以及后文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了在美国让孩子通过拿驾照的方式使其意识到自己是成年人了这一现象, 这体现了一种文化。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同的国家, 尤其是英美两国对于足球命名比较混淆的由来。
4.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知, 是运动规则导致了名字的混淆。故选B项。
5.A 解析 句意理解题。通读第三段内容可知, 此段描述了根据是否使用手来命名的复杂过程, 而第四段介绍了足球根据新规则命名的复杂过程。由此推知, 画线句的意思是 “命名过程愈加混乱了”。故选A项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Now comes the complexity: in 1869, two colleges held the first traditional, recorded football game using a unique combination of rules from both rugby and soccer, creating what we know as ‘American football’ and what other countries refer to as ‘gridiron’.”可知, American football和gridiron都是指美式足球。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了瓶装水的好处, 但也指出瓶装水使用了大量的塑料, 塑料废弃后会对环境造成污染, 建议人们更多地重复使用塑料瓶。
7.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy—you can carry it around with you.” 可知, 文中提到有人认为瓶装水健康、干净而且容易携带。但文章没有提到它很贵。故选D项。
8.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products.” 可知, 要生产塑料制品需要使用石油。故选B项。
9.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “If we reused all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps.” 可知, 重新使用塑料瓶是处理塑料污染最好的方法。故选A项。
10.C 解析 句意理解题。根据画线部分前面的内容可知, 我们可以用多种方法重复使用塑料瓶, 减少对环境的污染。也就是说, 如果我们人人努力, 就可以对保护环境起到作用。故选C项。考点分类练(十) 词句猜测题——词语猜测类
A
(2021·山东烟台高三诊断性测试)
One in five children starting primary school in the UK are overweight. By the time they leave school, that figure will rise to one in three. The chance of them being overweight in adulthood, which brings a range of associated health risks, is high, at 50%-75%.
The root cause of diet-related fatness is no secret: an energy imbalance between the quantity of food being consumed and the level of physical activity being conducted. Addressing this imbalance needs to be, in part, a review of our diet. More fresh ingredients(材料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet.
The Department of Health has recognised that a collective approach, rather than just individual behaviour change, is a successful way of achieving this. Universal adjustments like a blanket decrease in sugar content influence the way we eat through the choices available to us.
Applying this approach to school kitchens makes sense. They have an important role to play in maintaining healthy diets. Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school.
It’s an area the Soil Association consistently works to handle through its Food for Life programme—working with schools to transform food culture, improve food education and encourage lasting changes to the way schools think about food. It works. In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in the control schools.
One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients. It encourages local seasonal produce and requires a commitment to environmentally friendly produce. At its heart, the award is designed to support health and enhance food understanding.
Over 50% of English primary schools have such an award already, serving around 1.7 million meals each day to over 10,000 schools and it’s a figure we’ll see grow.
1.What does the underlined word “Addressing” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Tackling. B.Ignoring.
C.Maintaining. D.Postponing.
2.Which approach will work for students to build a balanced diet
A.Stopping them eating alone in schools.
B.Getting them aware of the harm of fatness.
C.Ensuring healthy recipes on school menus.
D.Increasing the availability and flavour of food.
3.What can we say about the Food for Life programme
A.It’s a heavy load on schools.
B.It’s complicated to operate.
C.It’s a temporary project.
D.It’s a fruitful attempt.
4.Which type of food may the Food for Life Served Here award promote
A.Sugary snacks.
B.First-class sausages.
C.High-quality imported beef.
D.Freshly picked organic beans.
B
(2021·江西南昌高三教学质量检测)
Perhaps thousands of people have searched for a bronze chest full of gold and jewels hidden in the Rocky Mountains between Santa Fe and the Canadian border hidden by an adventurer. At least four people died in their search for the treasure.
But it’s all over now. Fenn’s treasure has been found. The 89-year-old adventurer named Forrest Fenn, who created the treasure hunt, announced the news via his website.“I don’t know the person who found it, but the poem in my book led him to the precise spot,” Fenn wrote.“The treasure was confirmed by a photograph the lucky finder sent me.”
Forrest Fenn, the man who started the hunt, lives in Santa Fe. He was a pilot in the Vietnam War and later accumulated(积累) his wealth as a dealer in art and antiques. Fenn was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer in 1988 and had planned to die peacefully in the woods with his treasure. But when his cancer became less serious, he changed his plan, eventually writing the poem that described his dream resting place, which is where he hid the treasure. The poem appeared in a memoir called The Thrill of the Chase. Fenn said that the chest wouldn’t be found by accident; only a treasure hunter who correctly interpreted the clues would find it.
Several treasure hunters went missing while attempting to find the chest, including hunter Jeff Murphy and Mike Petersen, both of whom went missing in Yellowstone National Park in 2017. Fenn said that he had never been to that park, and that the treasure was not in a dangerous place.“It was in the thick forest of the Rocky Mountains and had not been moved from the spot where I hid it more than 10 years ago,” Fenn wrote on his website. It is illegal to remove anything from a national park, which would cause trouble in legally claiming the treasure if it was found there.
5.What contributed to the finding of the treasure
A.Fenn’s announcement.
B.A poem in Fenn’s book.
C.Fenn’s vivid description.
D.A photo on Fenn’s website.
6.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.Who Forrest Fenn was.
B.Where Fenn hid the treasure.
C.How the treasure hunt began.
D.What Fenn did to find the treasure.
7.What can we learn about Fenn’s treasure
A.It was in Yellowstone National Park.
B.It was found by someone by chance.
C.It was moved from one place to another.
D.It was in Fenn’s chosen resting place.
8.What does the underlined word “claiming” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Taking.
B.Burying.
C.Protecting.
D.Acknowledging.
C
The spot of red was what first caught Randy Heiss’s attention on December 16. He walked towards it and found a balloon attached to a piece of paper.
“Dayami,” it read on one side, in a child’s writing. It was a Christmas wish list, all in Spanish. He suspected that a child had tried to send a wish list by balloon, something he used to do himself when he was a kid. And he wondered whether he could find the child.
It would be difficult, but based on the prevailing(盛行的) wind, Heiss was pretty sure where it came from—just across the border, the city of Nogales, Mexico. Heiss then posted about his quest on the website, attaching photos, hoping someone might know the girl’s family.
A few days passed with no leads. Heiss worried that time was running out before Christmas. On December 19, he sent a private message to a radio station based in Nogales. The next morning, Heiss awoke to a message from the radio station: They had located Dayami, an eight-year-old girl, and her family, who indeed lived in Nogales.“It just changed my entire day,” said Heiss. Having bought just about everything on Dayami’s list, Heiss and his wife, at the radio station, met the family.
“It was a beautiful and healing experience for us ... Since our only son died ten years ago, being around children at Christmas time has been absent in our lives,” Heiss said.“We now have friends for life. And, for a day, that border fence with its wire melted away.”
9.What did Heiss find on December 16
A.A Christmas wish list from a child.
B.A mass of grassland.
C.A letter addressed to him.
D.A beautiful red balloon.
10.What does the underlined word “leads” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Examples.
B.Clues.
C.Suggestions.
D.Plans.
11.What message does the text intend to convey
A.Love knows no borders.
B.A bold attempt is half success.
C.We should help those who help themselves.
D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
考点分类练(十) 词句猜测题——词语猜测类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为帮助学生建立均衡饮食, 英国的小学所采取的一系列方法。
1.A 解析 词义猜测题。画线词所在句之后的 “More fresh ingredients especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives are all important factors in building a balanced diet.” 讲的是解决不均衡的办法。由此推断, 画线词在此处的意思是 “解决”。故选A项。
2.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school.” 可知, 确保学校菜单上有健康的食谱可以帮助学生建立均衡的饮食。故选C项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的 “In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in the control schools.” 可知, Food for Life programme是一次卓有成效的尝试。故选D项。
4.D 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 “One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients.” 可知, 学校参与其中的一种方式是提供一种奖励, 这意味着至少75%的菜肴是在现场用新鲜食材制作的。也就是说, 该奖项推广的是新鲜食物。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。众多寻宝人寻找多年的宝藏最终被找到了, 藏宝人Forrest Fenn通过自己的网页发布了这个消息。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “I don’t know the person who found it, but the poem in my book led him to the precise spot...” 可知, 是Fenn的书里面的一首诗促成了宝藏的发现。故选B项。
6.C 解析 段落大意题。通读该段内容可知, 本段主要讲述了Forrest Fenn的个人经历, 以及他是如何将宝藏隐藏起来让别人寻找的。故选C项。
7.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “But when his cancer became less serious, he changed his plan, eventually writing the poem that described his dream resting place, which is where he hid the treasure.” 可知, Fenn的宝藏在他选择的安息之所。故选D项。
8.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文 “It is illegal to remove anything from a national park ...” 可知, 从国家公园带走任何东西都是违法的, 因此 “...which would cause trouble in legally claiming the treasure if it was found there.” 这一部分应表示 “如果宝藏在国家公园被发现的话, 想要合法地带走宝藏就会引起不少麻烦”。由此可知, 画线词意为 “带走, 认领”。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Randy Heiss偶然拾到了一个邻国女孩的愿望清单, 他之后努力找到了这个女孩, 并且帮其实现了圣诞愿望。这个暖心的故事告诉我们: 大爱无国界。
9.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “He walked towards it and found a balloon attached to a piece of paper.” 以及第二段的 “... it read on one side, in a child’s writing. It was a Christmas wish list, all in Spanish.” 可知, Heiss发现了一个气球, 上面附着一个孩子用西班牙语写的圣诞节愿望清单。故选A项。
10.B 解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段的 “Heiss then posted about his quest on the website, attaching photos, hoping someone might know the girl’s family.” 和第四段的 “Heiss worried that time was running out before Christmas.” 可知, 画线词所在句意为 “几天过去了, 没有任何线索”。故选B项。
11.A 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “We now have friends for life. And, for a day, that border fence with its wire melted away.” 可知, 文章想表达爱无国界。故选A项。考点分类练(十一) 词句猜测题——代词指代类
A
(2021·山东淄博一模)
Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.
There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programmes may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created a kind of spyware to “provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”.
In my opinion, the protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape the cameras and microphones through lack of understanding of how their devices work and how the malware(恶意软件) works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using the cameras or microphones. If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted virus to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and so on.
It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it: we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.
Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant the malware in your device. To prevent the malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online bank accounts.
1.What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Cameras. B.Types.
C.Programmes. D.Devices.
2.What is NSO Group
A.A group of hackers.
B.A company developing spyware.
C.A group of terrorists and criminals.
D.A company fighting against crime.
3.Why does the author think “the protection technique is highly overestimated”
A.People know little about their devices.
B.Hackers have no access to others.
C.It hardly prevents the malware from getting privacy.
D.It can’t cover the cameras completely.
B
Ever since she received a little toy airliner as a birthday gift, Kate has been attracted by flight. From flying remote-controlled airplanes to building her own model ones, Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions, but only until recently has she been able to take that to new heights.
When Kate heard about the Upwind Scholarship from her school counselor, she knew it was an extraordinary opportunity to realise her dream. The programme’s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot’s license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.
After completing a lengthy application and her subsequent acceptance into the programme, Kate began her training last spring. Normally, recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying. Due to the pandemic, however, Kate spent hours each weekend studying online lessons in her room whenever she got a break from homework. Once summer came around, Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training from nine to five every day.“It was the toughest part of the programme,” Kate said.
After completing that portion of ground school, Kate was finally able to begin flying at the San Carlos Airport with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area. Flying, especially for first-timers like Kate, is a hands-on process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.
Now, having finished the programme and earned her PPL, Kate plans on training as a flight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.
She credits the Upwind Scholarship to all she’s been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it.“It is a very hard scholarship to win, and you have to be truly interested in flight,” Kate said.“It can’t be something like ‘Oh, why don’t I try flying this summer ’ You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put effort into succeeding in the programme.”
4.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Her skill of building model airplanes.
B.Her wish to travel around the world.
C.Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.
D.Her desire to fly remote-controlled airplanes.
5.What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship
A.To help students in need to achieve their dreams.
B.To provide necessary training for private pilots for free.
C.To give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.
D.To prepare high school students to become a private pilot.
6.What did Kate do in ground school
A.She took online lessons on flying.
B.She went over the fundamentals of flying.
C.She did some research into the pandemic.
D.She finished applying for the programme.
7.Which of the following best describes Kate
A.Confident and aggressive.
B.Strong-willed and patient.
C.Demanding and courageous.
D.Ambitious and hard-working.
C
(2021·河北秦皇岛二模)
Every four or five years, vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America. This phenomenon, El Ni o, creates storms that cause destructive floods. The result is costly.
Modern farmers come to terms with El Ni o. They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones. But history suggests it need not be like that. In a paper published recently, Ari Caramanica, an archaeologist in Lima, shows how it used to be done. And the answer seems to be “better”.
Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan, a coastal desert plain in northern Peru. It is not suitable for farming. Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Ni o years is usually less than two centimetres. Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.
It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did. But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms. She thought that they were intended to guide the floodwaters arriving during Ni o years. Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure of this area seemed to have been built only for managing Ni o-generated floodwaters.
Evidence from pollen supports this theory, revealing that the Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years, while remaining nearly barren in others. The team also uncovered two cisterns(蓄水箱) in the area serviced by the extended canals. These, probably, were used to store extra floodwaters.
These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Ni o, early farmers in the Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived. Modern farmers might do well to learn from them.
8.What does the recent study focus on
A.Living with El Ni o.
B.Effects of El Ni o.
C.Farming in the desert.
D.Water shortage in Peru.
9.What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to
A.Ancient farmers. B.Rivers.
C.Farms. D.Canals.
10.What lesson can be learned from early farmers
A.Every advantage has its disadvantage.
B.In every difficulty lies an opportunity.
C.Sharp tools make good work.
D.It’s never too late to mend.
11.In which section of a website may this text appear
A.Education. B.Travel.
C.Business. D.Science.
考点分类练(十一) 词句猜测题——代词指代类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何保护我们设备上的隐私。
1.D 解析 代词指代题。根据第二段的 “There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do.” 可知, 有许多类型的间谍软件可以潜入我们的设备并秘密监视它们, 记录它们所做的一切。由此推知, 画线词them指代的是前面提到的devices。故选D项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “... by companies like NSO Group who created a kind of spyware to ‘provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime’.” 可知, 这些公司研发某种间谍软件, 为所授权的政府提供有助于打击恐怖行动和犯罪的科技。故选B项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。由题干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句, 且根据第三段的 “If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted virus to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and so on.” 可知, 这种保护技术很难阻止恶意软件获取隐私。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯特从小就爱好飞行, 以及她为了实现成为一名飞行员的梦想所做出的努力。
4.C 解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句提到的Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions和第二段开头提到的it was an extraordinary opportunity to realise her dream可知, 凯特从小就爱好飞行, 驾驶飞机是她的梦想。由此推测, that指代 “她想成为一名飞行员的梦想”。故选C项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “The programme’s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot’s license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.” 可知, 它的目标是让想成为私人飞行员的高中生做好相应的准备。故选D项。
6.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “... recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying.” 和 “... Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training...” 可知, 凯特在地面学校回顾飞行的基础知识。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可推断, 凯特很有志向; 再根据最后一段中凯特所说的话 “It is a very hard scholarship to win, and you have to be truly interested in flight ... You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put effort into succeeding in the programme.” 可知, 凯特为了获得奖学金很努力。由此推断, 凯特很有雄心壮志, 而且为了梦想非常努力。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。
8.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Modern farmers come to terms with El Ni o ... In a paper published recently ... shows how it used to be done. And the answer seems to be ‘better’.” 可知, 最近的研究重点是与厄尔尼诺现象共存。故选A项。
9.D 解析 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句 “But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms.” 以及后面的“...were intended to guide the floodwaters arriving during Ni o years.”可知, Caramanica博士认为上文提到的八条运河是为了引洪。由此推知, they指代的是 “运河”。故选D项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Ni o, early farmers in the Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived.” 可知, 当厄尔尼诺现象到来时, 早期农民并没有进行抵制, 而是做好了利用它的准备。由此推知, 我们可以从早期农民那里学到 “每一个困难中都蕴藏着机会” 这一道理。故选B项。
11.D 解析 推理判断题。通读文章可知, 在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 而文章正是介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。由此推知, 文章可能选自网站的 “科学” 版面。故选D项。考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
A
(2021·山东淄博高三三模)
For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.
The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.
The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.
Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!
As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The information of industrial revolution.
B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
C.The reasons of climate change.
D.The result of extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Some measures are still required to take.
C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.
D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text
(P:Paragraph)
B
Eating chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.
Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.
Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”
Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.”
Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was more beneficial—or if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”
While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.”
4.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The result of the study.
B.The process of the study.
C.The participants of the study.
D.The intention of the study.
5.Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow
A.A heart attack.
B.A stroke.
C.High-density lipoprotein.
D.Low-density lipoprotein.
6.What does the recent study tell us
A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.
B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.
C.Milk chocolate may also benefit the heart.
D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals.
7.What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude towards chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease
A.Indifferent. B.Hopeful.
C.Negative. D.Uncertain.
C
Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson. I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.
To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.
Throughout my past life as an accountant, a business author and speaker, I volunteered in many fields and many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.
8.What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.
B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.
C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.
D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.
9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but worthwhile.
C.Funny and enjoyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph
A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.
B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.
C.She’s never recovered from the injury.
D.She wasn’t interested in voluntary work before.
11.What could be the best title for the passage
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Volunteering: A Journey Back
D.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson
考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic in nature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述, D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症, 促进血液流动, 利于身体健康。
4.A 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” 和 “Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。故选A项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke.” 可知, 当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候, 它会造成动脉血管堵塞, 从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通, 最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第五段的 “... but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart.” 可知, 最近的研究表明, 牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供有价值的营养物质, 即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的 “Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease.” 可知, Krittanawong博士对 “巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用” 是 “充满希望的”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, ... two volunteers groom the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where ... There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety ... Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers ... to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children ... There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很累人; 再根据第三段的 “Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.” 和最后一段的 “The journey back has been painful but worthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “... and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around.” 可知, 志愿者工作不仅能帮助孩子们, 而且让作者在发生车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变。由此推知, 志愿者工作带来了 “双赢” 的结果。故选B项。
11.C 解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己。也就是说, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此, C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。考点分类练(四) 推理判断题——观点态度类
A
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
1.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
2.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
3.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
B
(2021·山东菏泽一模)
Charvi Goyal is a high school student from Dallas, Texas, who helps out other classmates by tutoring them between classes. A tutor is someone who teaches one person or a very small group of students.
When Goyal’s high school moved online because of the pandemic, she decided to take her teaching online. The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones. It started with a small number of tutors who helped young people in their city. But it has grown into a group of 22 tutors from Texas, Arizona and Ohio. They have helped more than 300 students.
TutorScope aims to give the one-on-one help that teachers have traditionally given while walking around their classrooms. But now, many teachers cannot provide that one-on-one support because they lack time or have issues with technology.
Sarah Newman said her children, 7-year-old twins, had helpful TutorScope experiences. “With these tutors, I realise they have time,” she said, “I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.”
What makes the TutorScope effort special is the connection between the teenage volunteers and the other students they are helping. Although the pandemic has forced many students to look inward, Goyal said that working with others on a big project had permitted her to look outward.“My confidence level has increased,” Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.
5.What did Goyal do because of the pandemic
A.She helped her classmates at school.
B.She got active in fighting a disease.
C.She offered online classes to students.
D.She went to another country for help.
6.What’s the purpose of TutorScope
A.To give online help.
B.To make profits.
C.To make friends.
D.To choose volunteers.
7.What’s Sarah Newman’s attitude towards the programme
A.Favourable. B.Tolerant.
C.Skeptical. D.Critical.
8.What can we learn from Goyal’s success
A.Putting the cart before the horse.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.No man can do two things at once.
D.Helping others will benefit oneself.
C
Online education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials.
In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral programme. However, the first question out of her mouth was,“Do you offer any online courses ” Later that day, as I was reading the conference programme guide and trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realise at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.
I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognise the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regular classroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programmes at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two staff members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.
9.Why did the author take a student for example
A.To show students’ love for the doctoral programme.
B.To persuade learners of traditional education.
C.To explain the growing trend of online education.
D.To predict the future of the teaching career.
10.What caused the author to know more about online education
A.The appetite for knowledge.
B.The professional responsibilities.
C.The requirement of research.
D.The colleagues’ encouragement.
11.What is the author’s attitude to online education
A.Carefree. B.Doubtful.
C.Supportive. D.Unwilling.
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题——观点态度类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了一项新研究, 该研究阐述了“群体智慧”效应的基本原理。
1.B 解析 段落大意题。 根据第二段中的“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors...resulting in a more accurate estimate.”可知, 当足够多的误差被平均在一起时, 它们就会相互抵消, 从而得到更准确的估计。 由此可知, 本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基础逻辑。 故选B项。
2.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that...than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知, Navajas的研究表明, 即使在个体估计不是完全独立的情况下, 其准确率的提高也是可以做到的。 故选D项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“...the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知, 后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。 故选C项。
4.D 解析 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段内容可知, 尽管Navajas的研究有局限性, 仍存在许多问题, 但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。 由此可推知, 作者对Navajas的研究是持赞成态度的。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高中生Charvi Goyal在疫情期间通过网络教学帮助了学生, 同时也增强了自己的自信心。
5.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “When Goyal’s high school moved online because of the pandemic, she decided to take her teaching online.” 可知, 疫情期间她为学生提供了在线课程。故选C项。
6.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “The junior and three of her fellow students created TutorScope, a programme that offers free tutoring services to other children, including younger ones.” 可知, TutorScope的目的是提供在线帮助。故选A项。
7.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的 “‘With these tutors, I realise they have time,’she said, ‘I think they are very patient with these younger kids, which I do not even have as a mother. I have patience for other things, but I don’t have patience for teaching.’” 可推断, Sarah Newman对这个项目持赞同和支持的态度。故选A项。
8.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “‘My confidence level has increased,’ Goyal said. She added that she has made friends with other students from her school. She said one of the best things about running a growing non-profit programme is that it does help with the boredom of being stuck at home.” 可知, 她做这个项目既帮助了别人, 也帮助了自己。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者接触、研究、学习以及实施在线教育的故事。
9.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知, 作者以一个学生为例是想表明自己开始接触在线教育, 而这些经历帮助作者认识到在线教育已成为一种教育趋势。由此推知, 举这个例子是为了预测教学事业的未来。故选D项。
10.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching.” 可推知, 作者尝试远程学习和在线教育是因为对知识的渴望。故选A项。
11.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course ... Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.” 可推知, 作者对在线教育的态度是支持的。故选C项。考点分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
A
(2023·全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明)of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, and then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
B
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain, ” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world. ”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807, 500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat, ” Curtin says.
4.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
5.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
6.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
C
Different from a text-heavy novel, coffee table books offer large images and smaller sections of the text, allowing us to easily dive in and explore.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Masterpiece Paintings by Kathryn Calley Galitz
If you’re unable to wander along the corridors of this world-famous museum yourself, don’t panic; this book offers an impressive insight into some of the masterpieces housed here. Amazing images will attract the casual readers, while insights from Galitz, curator(馆长) of the museum, into different pieces are set to engage art and history lovers alike.
Destinations of a Lifetime: 225 of the World’s Most Amazing Places by National Geographic
With large, striking photos, a mere glance through this book will fuel the urge to travel. Besides a few of the hot places, there are plenty of destinations you may not have heard of. Alongside images of dramatic landscapes, accompanying text reveals highlights at each spot and handy tips on experiencing them like a local.
The Secret Gardeners by Victoria Summerley
When people are thinking of some of Britain’s most famous names, their busy lifestyles probably spring to mind. But, away from the public eye, these individuals are just like us, and love nothing more than spending hours in their gardens. The pages of this beautiful book share fantastic images from the gardens of 25 well-known personalities.
The Story of Food: An Illustrated History of Everything We Eat by DK
The origins and facts of different ingredients are included in this book, along with explorations into the development of cooking over the ages. The book is more text-heavy, but don’t let that put you off; there are still plenty of beautiful photos and vivid illustrations throughout.
8.Which of the following books includes opinions from an expert
A.The Secret Gardeners.
B.The Story of Food.
C.Destinations of a Lifetime.
D.The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
9.What does Victoria write about
A.History of cooking.
B.Tips on travelling cheaply.
C.Lifestyles of personalities.
D.Private gardens in Britain.
10.What makes The Story of Food different
A.It contains bigger sections of words.
B.It provides data people never heard of.
C.It appeals to casual readers and specialists.
D.It shares some fantastic images.
考点分类练(一) 细节理解题——直接信息类
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位医学界从业人员的基本情况。
1.C 解析 细节理解题。根据Jacqueline介绍中的“...where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及James介绍中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813...”可知, 她们两人的共同之处是都可以做外科手术。故选C项。
2.A 解析 细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian介绍中的最后一句“In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. ”可知, 她写了一本书。其余三人的介绍中都没有提到写过书。故选A项。
3.D 解析 细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler介绍中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. ”可知, 她是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自己浪费芝麻菜的例子引出食物浪费的话题, 进而呼吁我们减少食物浪费。
4.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. ”可知, 朋友邀请作者就餐, 作者把鸡肉放进冰柜里, 但随着日子一天天过去, 芝麻菜变坏了。由此猜测, 作者提到芝麻菜是为了说明有时我们会无意识地浪费食物。故选B项。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.”和“‘...it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.’”可知, 食物浪费会造成环境危害。故选B项。
6.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”可知, 该公司回收食物并把它制成更健康的食物。故选D项。
7.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping ...”可知, Curtin建议我们只购买需要的东西。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合休闲时光阅读的书籍。
8.D 解析 细节理解题。根据The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Masterpiece Paintings by Kathryn Calley Galitz部分的最后一句可知, 博物馆馆长Galitz对不同作品的见解会吸引那些艺术和历史爱好者。由此推知, The Metropolitan Museum of Art这本书里有专家的观点。故选D项。
9.D 解析 细节理解题。根据The Secret Gardeners by Victoria Summerley部分的最后一句可知, 这本图书的页面分享了来自25位名人的花园的精彩图片。由此可知, Victoria 在书中介绍了英国的一些私家花园。故选D项。
10.A 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “The book is more text-heavy, but don’t let that put you off; there are still plenty of beautiful photos and vivid illustrations throughout.” 可知, 这本书有更多的文字内容, 但全书仍然有很多漂亮的照片和生动的插图。由此推知, The Story of Food这本书的特别之处在于它包含更多的文字。故选A项。考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
A
(2022·全国乙卷)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
B
(2021·山东烟台一模)
Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.
Crede analysed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.
Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of classroom material compared to multiple-choice questions.
Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.
5.What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy
A.He focused on what happened in classrooms.
B.He researched as many students as he could.
C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible.
D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well.
6.What did Crede discover in his study
A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes.
B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes.
C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students.
D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.
7.What may be a disadvantage of frequent quizzes for teachers
A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.
B.Having too many exam papers to mark.
C.Being unable to get appropriate test material.
D.Finding it hard to choose the right type.
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for Creation
B.Quizzes Improve Academic Performance
C.Quizzes Create a Heavy Burden
D.Quizzes Increase Boredom
C
(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)
Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the males take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort into the nest.
The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, the males fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organised groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.
The males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.
Doting(宠爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some frog species, the dads also warn the mums when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.
9.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Children. B.Relatives.
C.Friends. D.Colleagues.
10.What can we infer about the male anemone fish
A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.
B.They are much larger than the female anemone fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks on other animals.
11.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish
A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish.
B.The young fish are already independent.
C.The living environment is worse.
D.The dad is in a state of aging.
12.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Model Father in the Animal Kingdom
B.The New Role of the Male Anemone Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life
D.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature
考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、 对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。
1.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句可知, 无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线, 这使得它将被应用于铁路系统成为可能。 故选A项。
2.C 解析 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中的“...to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可以推断出, 画线单词指的就是“维修, 维护”。 故选C项。
3.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知, 人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报, 确保列车能及时应对问题, 从而提高安全系数。 故选A项。
4.D 解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向, 因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现, 经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。
5.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.” 可知, 为确保研究的准确性, Crede排除了实验室环境下的研究资料, 而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes.” 可知, 频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes.” 可知, 要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。
8.B 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea.” 和第三段的 “Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了Crede通过研究证明, 经常进行小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响, 因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。
9.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring.” 可推测, 画线词意为 “后代, 孩子”。故选A项。
10.C 解析 推理判断题。第二段提到雄性海葵鱼帮忙保护巢穴, 给巢穴提供源源不断的氧气并保持周围环境的清洁; 第三段提到雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵的清洁, 保护它们不被吃掉; 第四段提到雄性海葵鱼保护刚出生的幼鱼, 并把那些离巢太远的幼鱼带回来。由以上信息可推知, 雄性海葵鱼是非常优秀的父亲。故选C项。
11.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.” 可知, 这意味着幼鱼长大并独立了。故选B项。
12.A 解析 标题归纳题。根据全文内容, 尤其是第一段 “Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish for example.” 可知, 文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代, 因而A项 “动物王国里的模范父亲” 是最佳标题。故选A项。考点分类练(二) 细节理解题——间接信息类
A
(2021·山东日照一模)
A Bangladeshi boy has won the International Children’s Peace Prize for his work to fight cyberbullying(网络欺凌) in his country.
The prize winner, Sadat Rahman, promised to keep fighting online abuse until it no longer exists.“The fight against cyberbullying is like a war, and in this war I am a fearless fighter,” Sadat Rahman said during a ceremony. He added,“If everybody keeps supporting me, then together we will win this battle against cyberbullying.”
Rahman developed a mobile phone application that provides education about online bullying and a way to report relevant cases. He said he began his work on the project after hearing the story of a 15-year-old girl who took her own life as a result of cyberbullying.“I will not stop until we receive no more cases through the app,” Rahman said at the ceremony.
The award comes with a fund of over $118,000, which is invested by the KidsRights Foundation. The group chooses projects to support the causes that are closely linked to the winner’s work.
Past well-known winners of the prize include Pakistani human rights activist Malala Yousafzai and Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg. And the students who organised the March for Our Lives event in 2018 after a deadly mass shooting at their school in the American state of Florida also won the prize.
Yousafzai praised Rahman’s work during the ceremony. She spoke through video conferencing.“All children have the right to be protected from violence no matter if it is physical or mental, offline or online,” she said.“Cyberbullying is a violation of that right.”
1.What does Sadat Rahman devote himself to
A.Battling online violence.
B.Helping poor children.
C.Being a brave fighter.
D.Removing school bullying.
2.What caused Sadat Rahman to start his project
A.People’s lack of education.
B.His own experience of being bullied.
C.A girl’s death from cyberbullying.
D.The wide use of mobile phone apps.
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.The March for Our Lives event.
B.Human rights activists in the world.
C.A horrible school shooting.
D.Some previous winners of the prize.
4.What can we infer from Yousafzai’s words
A.Rahman’s efforts have paid off.
B.Cyberbullying should be got rid of.
C.All children have the right to fight against violence.
D.Children are faced with physical and mental bullying.
B
(2021·广东肇庆三模)
True, people remember what you wear. After a social event, we all remember the woman in red, or the man with the top hat. But in terms of making a good impression, being memorable is not just about novelty or fashion, but attraction, both physical and emotional.
In a 2020 study, Andre Ndobo found people tended to remember the extremes: both attractive and unattractive faces. He acknowledged that one suggested explanation was that both are characterised by distinctive features that promote facial recognition when compared with faces of average attractiveness. But while distinctiveness is memorable, beauty is skin-deep. Accordingly, the way you are remembered by others is often not about what you wear and how you look but about the way you make people feel.
Professional interaction can create positive personal memories. Adrie A.Koehler, in a piece entitled “In the Eye of the Beholder” (2017), found that when asked to recall their best learning experience, many students discussed a memorable teacher. What made the teachers memorable According to the students, memorable qualities included not only teaching styles, but also interpersonal skills and positive qualities such as a sense of humour.
We can relate to the results of this study when recalling people who are memorable in our own lives. They are not always people who we believed to be the smartest or most believed, but often those who made us feel the most comfortable, and who were most interested in us. Sincere interest is uniquely attractive. Not only will you remember what someone said, but they will also remember you.
Regardless of what we wear or how we look, we are always naturally more appealing and approachable when we focus on others and when we are genuine rather than simply sociable. Remember that, and others will remember you.
5.Why is an unattractive face remembered according to Andre Ndobo
A.It creates positive memories.
B.There’s something special about it.
C.It makes people feel uncomfortable.
D.People often try hard to avoid seeing it.
6.What can we infer from the text
A.Smart people are especially attractive.
B.Teaching styles impress students most.
C.The best learning experience is hard to gain.
D.Sincere attention is useful in communication.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.You are what you wear
B.Mind the impression you make
C.How can we improve our self-image
D.What do people remember about you
C
In an effort to fight the throwaway culture and promote reuse and repair, the city of Berlin has taken the unique step of opening its own second-hand department store.
This isn’t your grandma’s thrift shop. It resells perfectly good items that would otherwise be thrown away. B-Wa(h)renhaus sells a wide variety of products. Far from simply selling old items, the electronic goods have been fixed by expert technicians and come with a year’s guarantee. And, to reach more second-hand shoppers, the store was set up right in the middle of the famous Karstadt department store.
With the success of its initial six-month trial run, the city plans to open four more similar operations in other parts of Berlin. By 2030, it hopes to have at least one location in each of Berlin’s 12 districts. Since 2008, city policies and educational campaigns have reduced average annual household waste by about 25 pounds per resident. It also recycles about 49% of its mineral construction waste. Currently, the city estimates that 8% of abandoned electronic goods and 6% of huge items thrown away can actually be reused. The goal is to expand the market for these items beyond the usual bargain hunters and eco-conscious consumers.
“Three years ago, we started collecting all kinds of used goods,” city spokesperson Dorothee Winden said.“There are lots of things that are well-preserved but aren’t being used anymore. The goal is to give these things a new life with somebody who can use them.” The store also includes an education centre to encourage more sustainable lifestyles, and gives an award to a project that recycles school uniforms, so that parents don’t have to buy new ones every year.
8.Why has Berlin opened its own second-hand department store
A.To attract more shoppers.
B.To promote recycling.
C.To promote traditional culture.
D.To sell insurance.
9.In which aspect is B-Wa(h)renhaus different from the traditional second-hand store
A.The variety of the goods.
B.The location of the store.
C.The quality of the products.
D.The operation of the store.
10.What can we infer from paragraph 3
A.Berlin currently has 4 second-hand stores in construction.
B.Berlin has been successful in cutting its waste since 2008.
C.It is not easy to make the goal to expand the market a reality.
D.It is estimated that Berlin will be a zero-waste city by 2030.
11.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text
A.To introduce Berlin’s new second-hand store operation.
B.To raise people’s awareness of reasonable shopping.
C.To persuade people to become eco-friendly shoppers.
D.To encourage more people to donate to second-hand shops.
考点分类练(二) 细节理解题——间接信息类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了孟加拉国的一名男孩因反网络欺凌而获得了国际儿童和平奖。
1.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “The prize winner, Sadat Rahman, promised to keep fighting online abuse until it no longer exists.” 可知, Sadat Rahman承诺继续打击网络欺凌, 直到它不复存在为止。也就是说, 他致力于打击网络暴力。故选A项。
2.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “He said he began his work on the project after hearing the story of a 15-year-old girl who took her own life as a result of cyberbullying.” 可知, 一个女孩死于网络欺凌这件事使Sadat Rahman开始了他的项目。故选C项。
3.D 解析 段落大意题。第五段的关键信息是Past well-known winners of the prize。由此可知, 本段主要讲述了该奖项以前的一些获奖者。故选D项。
4.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “All children have the right to be protected from violence no matter if it is physical or mental, offline or online ... Cyberbullying is a violation of that right.” 可知, 所有儿童都有免受暴力侵害的权利, 无论是身体的还是心理的, 无论是线下的还是线上的……网络欺凌是对这项权利的侵犯。由此可以推断, 网络欺凌应该被消除。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们对别人哪些方面的表现更容易留下深刻印象。
5.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “...both are characterised by distinctive features that promote facial recognition when compared with faces of average attractiveness.” 可知, 一张没有吸引力的脸会被记住是因为它有一些特别之处。故选B项。
6.D 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的 “Sincere interest is uniquely attractive. Not only will you remember what someone said, but they will also remember you.” 可知, 真诚的关注在沟通中是有用的。故选D项。
7.D 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “But in terms of making a good impression, being memorable is not just about novelty or fashion, but attraction, both physical and emotional.” 以及后文的描述可知, D项是最好的标题。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国柏林政府为推动废弃物再利用而开设二手商店的举措。
8.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段 “In an effort to fight the throwaway culture and promote reuse and repair, the city of Berlin has taken the unique step of opening its own second-hand department store.” 可知, 柏林开设二手商店是为了促进回收利用。故选B项。
9.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “It resells perfectly good items that would otherwise be thrown away.” 和 “Far from simply selling old items, the electronic goods have been fixed by expert technicians and come with a year’s guarantee.” 可知, 它的产品质量不同于传统的旧货店。故选C项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “Since 2008, city policies and educational campaigns have reduced average annual household waste by about 25 pounds per resident. It also recycles about 49% of its mineral construction waste.” 可推断, 自2008年以来, 柏林在减少废弃物方面做得很成功。故选B项。
11.A 解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知, 作者在文章中主要介绍了柏林政府为推动废弃物再利用而开设二手商店的举措, 并介绍了柏林市回收再利用商店的运作情况。故选A项。考点分类练(五) 推理判断题——隐含信息类
A
(2021·山东潍坊一模)
To improve a high schooler’s chance of getting into a top university, the summer programmes allow young students to explore fields of interest and get a taste of college life.
Telluride Association Summer Programme (TASP)
TASP is a six-week programme allowing high school freshmen from around the world to grow their sense of interpersonal awareness and community responsibility. It’s completely free, including the cost of tuition, books and even travel.
Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science (MITES)
The aim of this week-long programme is that all US high school students can develop the skills necessary for future job in engineering while learning about the value and reward of acquiring advanced technical degrees. MITES is free except for the transportation.
Clark Scholar Programme (CSP)
High school students coming from across the globe are offered the unique opportunity to gain hands-on research experience in mathematics field while working with teaching staff over four intense weeks. Everything is free for chosen applicants except for their meals.
JCamp
The seven-week one brings high school freshmen and sophomores from various backgrounds together for participating in sessions and workshops led by notable journalists where students can get hands-on training in journalism. JCamp is free if selected—participants only need to pay for the board.
1.What can be expected of MITES
A.It is accessible to worldwide students.
B.It lays a foundation for career prospects.
C.It makes no extra charge for transportation.
D.It awards students advanced technical degrees.
2.Which programme is suitable for a UK high schooler with up to 5 spare weeks
A.TASP. B.MITES.
C.CSP. D.JCamp.
3.What is the shared goal of the programmes
A.To seek for one-on-one instruction.
B.To develop a sense of social duty.
C.To get participants better prepared for college.
D.To advertise some majors of the top universities.
B
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks, ” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful. ” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently, ” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside, ” she says, “and they feel successful. ”
4.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A.She used to be a health worker.
B.She grew up in a low-income family.
C.She owns a fast food restaurant.
D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
5.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A.The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B.Students had little time for her classes.
C.Some kids disliked garden work.
D.There was no space for school gardens.
6.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A.Far-reaching.
B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived.
D.Unidentifiable.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Rescuing School Gardens
B.Experiencing Country Life
C.Growing Vegetable Lovers
D.Changing Local Landscape
C
Some time ago, in my class I was about to fail a student for his answer to a physics question when the student claimed he deserved a better score.
“Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower the barometer to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of the rope is the height of the building.”
I argued that a high grade should prove his competence in physics, but the answer did not confirm this. I suggested that the student have another try. Immediately, he worked out his answer: A second best way is to take the barometer to the top of the building. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the formula to calculate the height of the building.
I was shocked by his answer. His method gave me not only a broken barometer but a U-turn in my teaching philosophy. I gave him full marks.
On his leaving my office, I recalled that he suggested there could be a better answer. So I asked him what it was. “Oh, yes,” said the student.“There are many ways. Probably the best,” he said, “is to take the barometer to the basement and ask the superintendent(管理人). You speak to him as follows: Mr Superintendent, here I have a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of this building, I will give it to you.”
At this point, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school instructors’ trying to teach him how to think, and to use the so-called “scientific method”. He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical manner, not just answer the question in an expected way. Hearing this, I really had nothing to do but give the boy a firm handshake, feeling thankful that I hadn’t failed him in the first place.
8.Why did the author want to fail the student in the first place
A.The student challenged his authority.
B.The student’s answer was not practical.
C.The student didn’t show his academic ability.
D.The student had a poor performance in physics class.
9.Which of the following can best describe the author’s new teaching philosophy
A.Without love, there is no education.
B.A man becomes learned by asking questions.
C.Teaching is to make two ideas grow where only one grew before.
D.You can lead your horse to the river, but you can’t make it drink.
10.What made the student abandon the conventional answer
A.Lack of physics-related knowledge.
B.Ignorance of the teacher’s expectation.
C.Intention to deeply impress his teacher.
D.Disapproval of existing teaching concepts.
11.What can we infer from the text
A.The superintendent was a greedy person.
B.School education restricted this student’s thinking.
C.The teacher appreciated the student’s answers finally.
D.The examination question is a tough physics problem.
考点分类练(五) 推理判断题——隐含信息类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可帮助学生为上大学做好准备的暑期项目。
1.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “The aim of this week-long programme is that all US high school students can develop the skills necessary for future job in engineering while learning about the value and reward of acquiring advanced technical degrees.” 可知, MITES有望为职业前景打下基础。故选B项。
2.C 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 “High school students coming from across the globe are offered the unique opportunity to gain hands-on research experience...over four intense weeks.” 可知, CSP项目适合最多有5周空闲时间的英国高中生。故选C项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “To improve a high schooler’s chance of getting into a top university, the summer programmes allow young students to explore fields of interest and get a taste of college life.” 并结合文章介绍的四个暑期项目可知, 这些项目的共同目标是让参与者为上大学做好准备。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Abby Jaramillo发起的一个名叫“Urban Sprouts”的学校园艺项目的目的及其对学生产生的积极影响。
4.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at...”可知, Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts这个项目的发起人。故选D项。
5.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.”可知, Abby Jaramillo遇到的问题是有些孩子觉得蔬菜、泥土和昆虫是糟糕的, 由此推断出他们不喜欢园艺工作。故选C项。
6.A 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 这个项目不仅为学生们提供了营养价值, 还让更多的学生对园艺感兴趣, 同时也帮助了那些有情绪控制问题的学生。由此可知, 该项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
7.C 解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文可知, 文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师发起和实施的“Urban Sprouts”项目。该项目运行于四所低收入区学校,旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环境意识和健康生活方式。最终效果显著,孩子们吃菜更多,且爱上了种菜,把种子带回去在家里开垦菜园。由此可以确定,C项(培养蔬菜爱好者)是最佳题目。A项(挽救学校菜园)中的“挽救”偏离主题,B项(体验乡村生活)和D项(改变地方景观)都与原文要表达的意思差距较大。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名老师, 前段时间因为一个学生的物理题的答案与传统答案不一致打算给他不及格, 但这个学生给出了不同的观点, 这让作者的教学理念发生了很大的转变。
8.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知, 作者一开始想让这个学生不及格是因为这个学生没有表现出他的学术能力。故选C项。
9.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “I suggested that the student have another try. Immediately, he worked out his answer ...Then, use the formula to calculate the height of the building.” 和第四段的 “I was shocked by his answer. His method gave me not only a broken barometer but a U-turn in my teaching philosophy.” 以及最后一段的内容可知, 这名学生的不同答案启发作者可以有更好的解答方式, 所以作者新的教学理念应是“教学就是在以前只有一个思想的地方, 让两个思想生长”。 故选C项。
10.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school instructors’ trying to teach him how to think ...He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical manner, not just answer the question in an expected way.” 可知, 因为不赞成现有的教学观念,这个学生放弃了传统的答案。故选D项。
11.C 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 “Hearing this, I really had nothing to do but give the boy a firm handshake, feeling thankful that I hadn’t failed him in the first place.” 可推知, 老师最终对这个学生的回答表示赞赏。故选C项。考点分类练(六) 推理判断题——文章出处类
A
Storyland company right now opens the door for new young professionals, artists and passionate drama teachers.
We are looking for someone, who is in love with Art, Art Education and kids. Joining this position you will be working on educational art programmes to develop students’ imagination, creativity, and taste for art and beauty.
●Work with younger students (between the ages of 3 and 5), but also be ready to work with elder kids
●Be ready to work with students with varying levels of English
●Candidates won’t be teaching English, he/she will be teaching Drama and Theatre Studies, so make sure you are experienced and professional in that area
●Caring, passionate, motivated (younger than 40 years old, as you will be joining young growing team)
●High energy and Flexibility
●Willing and ready to commit at least 2 years for the project (with contract signing)
●Flexible work hours depending on schedule with no more than 40 hours per week
Requirements
●A passionate, warm, and caring personality
●Good teamwork skills
●Experience in teaching children is a plus
Wage and Benefits Package
●18,000-20,000 RMB before tax per month depending on experience
●7-day paid vacation
●A working visa is provided
●Medical insurance
●Annual company trips
We are innovative and fast-growing. If you want to share your story and are searching for your dream land—Join Us Now!
1.Who is Storyland working for
A.Young professionals.
B.Artists.
C.Drama teachers.
D.Kids.
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE
A.Employees will work with kids who can speak good English.
B.Employees should be energetic and flexible.
C.Employees will get a salary of 18,000-20,000 RMB after tax per month.
D.Employees should pay for medical insurance by themselves.
3.Where is the passage most probably taken from
A.A job-hunting website.
B.A book on art.
C.A research paper.
D.A news report.
B
(2021·山西太原高三二模)
Food Allergy and Special Dietary Needs
Our District will have a School Nutrition Programme which shall provide individualised menus or food preparations for students who are unable to have the meals normally served at our school, as required by their individual education plan (IEP) or health plan. Read the following information carefully so that we are on the same page.
PARENTAL ASSISTANCE
You will be asked to:
Inform the school principal of any food allergy or special dietary needs related to a disabling condition.
Provide medical information from a District-approved recognised medical authority(RMA).
Offer updated medical information as requested by the District.
Participate in any meeting or discussion regarding the students’ meal plan.
Notify the school of any change related to the food allergy or special dietary needs.
SCHOOL SITE RESPONSIBILITIES
Find out children requiring special dietary change.
The principal shall refer students with special dietary needs to special services as required by law.
The nurses shall make teachers and students aware of allergy alert identification.
Monitor and update the IEP or health plan as needed.
DISTRICT NUTRITION SERVICE RESPONSIBILITIES
We will provide food item services and individualised menus for students according to medical need. Menus will not be changed because of personal preference.
We will train school medical staff on how to react to food allergies and food-related emergencies and how to change menus.
We will maintain special dietary information on each student identified as having special dietary needs and update this information as needed.
4.Who will probably be served with an individualised menu
A.All disabled students.
B.Each unhealthy student.
C.Students with a food allergy.
D.Students with a taste preference.
5.Which of the following statements is TRUE
A.RMA is involved in planning students’ meals.
B.Students are required to update the health plan.
C.The teachers train students to identify allergies.
D.The District provides services and specific instructions.
6.Where can this text be possibly found
A.A clinic notice.
B.A guideline for parents.
C.A medical journal.
D.A school yearbook.
C
(2021·江苏泰州高三第二次联考)
For most of us, the world’s southernmost point seems like a pretty place, but for Hannah, Hannalore, Sophie and Julia, it’s home. Each year they spend five months living and working in Port welcoming visiting ships and, best of all, watching over the local penguins(企鹅).
They live on a tiny island, but share it with about 2,000 gentoo penguins and their chicks, as well as other birds. Life here is different every day and depends on weather and ice conditions, as well as the visiting ships’ schedules. Port Lockroy is one of the most visited places in Antarctica, with one to three ships visiting a day. Between ship visits they have other duties to attend to. These include maintenance jobs, sending postcards from the post office, checking conditions on the historical items in the museum and monitoring the penguin colonies and other wildlife.
Hannah spends much time stamping people’s postcards, which makes her happy. For Sophie, the most amazing thing about her job is being able to live and work with her feathery friends, the penguins. Sophie says they have to make sure the penguins are not disturbed when they are resting or waddling(摇摆地行走) their way back to their nests. They mark specific routes for visitors to walk on so that they don’t use the penguins’ highways.
7.What can we learn from the passage
A.How to live and work in Antarctica.
B.What the real life is like in Antarctica.
C.What the four women do in Antarctica.
D.How to explore the beauty of Antarctica.
8.Which of the following is TRUE about Port Lockroy
A.Postcards from Port Lockroy are free of charge.
B.Port Lockroy welcomes the most tourists in Antarctica.
C.Weather is a factor to consider if people are to visit Port Lockroy.
D.When visiting Port Lockroy, tourists can travel wherever as they like.
9.In which column of the newspaper are you most likely to read the passage
A.Book review.
B.People in the news.
C.Economics and business.
D.Sports and events.
考点分类练(六) 推理判断题——文章出处类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Storyland公司的招聘事宜。
1.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “We are looking for someone, who is in love with Art, Art Education and kids.” 可知, Storyland公司是为孩子们工作的。故选D项。
2.B 解析 细节理解题。根据文中的“High energy and Flexibility”可知, 雇员应精力充沛并具有灵活性。故选B项。
3.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Storyland company right now opens the door for new young professionals, artists and passionate drama teachers.” 和后文的形式及内容可知, Storyland公司在进行招聘, 所以这样的文章很可能来自一个求职网站。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项学校营养计划。
4.C 解析 细节理解题。根据文章标题Food Allergy and Special Dietary Needs以及第一段的 “Our District will have a School Nutrition Programme which shall provide individualised menus or food preparations for students who are unable to have the meals normally served at our school, as required by their individual education plan (IEP) or health plan.” 可知, 该计划为对食物有过敏反应的学生提供个性化菜单。故选C项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据DISTRICT NUTRITION SERVICE RESPONSIBILITIES部分的第一条 “We will provide food item services and individualised menus for students according to medical need.” 和第三条 “We will maintain special dietary information on each student identified as having special dietary needs and update this information as needed.” 可知, 社区会根据学生的特殊饮食要求和具体情况提供服务以及具体的说明。故选D项。
6.B 解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了为有特殊饮食要求的学生提供个性化饮食计划的详细信息; 再根据小标题PARENTAL ASSISTANCE可知, 文章的目的是要告知家长了解有关信息。结合选项, 本文最可能出现在父母指南中。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了Hannah、Hannalore、Sophie和Julia在南极洲一个港口迎接来访的船只并照看本地企鹅的故事。
7.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “For most of us, the world’s southernmost point seems like a pretty place, but for Hannah, Hannalore, Sophie and Julia, it’s home. Each year they spend five months living and working ...” 以及下文对这四位女性在南极洲工作的介绍, 我们可以了解到这四位女性在南极洲做什么。故选C项。
8.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Life here is different every day and depends on weather and ice conditions, as well as the visiting ships’ schedules.” 可知, 这里的生活每天都不同, 取决于天气、冰况, 还有船只的日程安排。由此推知, 如果人们要去这个港口, 天气是一个需要考虑的因素。故选C项。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知, 文章主要讲述了四位女性在南极洲的一个港口迎接来访的船只并照看本地企鹅的故事。由此推知, 本文主讲了四位女性, 所以最有可能在报纸的 “新闻人物” 专栏里读到这篇文章。故选B项。考点分类练(三) 推理判断题——写作意图类
A
(2021·山东泰安二模)
In 2018, I wanted to do something to bring change for people in my community. I carried out research to understand the problems affecting them and found that climate change was the greatest threat. When I realised many people in the rural areas faced fatal impacts such as landslides, floods and droughts, I decided to stand up. Seeing climate change threaten the availability of food and water in my country was a wake-up call.
We are focused and very clear on our demands. We are not afraid of holding governments and corporations accountable for the climate crisis because the science is clear. We will not give up because our future is in danger. We need to meet the demand for climate action as our lives depend on it too. Farmers in Ontario stood up against a proposed mega quarry(采石场) in their land. They held festivals to draw attention, they spoke up against corporate mining which threatened their groundwater and soil, they mobilised many people to stop it and in 2012, Highland Company withdrew their plans.
I hope to see the end of the fossil fuel industry, and we need renewable energy. I hope to see the recovery of our ecosystems through planting more trees, having urban forests and protecting wildlife. Our existence depends on that of our ecosystems. I hope to see more recovery projects built in the most affected communities.
There are many climate movements all over the world and most have social media accounts. Find a local group that you can work with to demand climate action. When people are united, they cannot be defeated. Earth is our home. We should protect our home.
1.Why did the author take immediate action
A.He wanted to change people in his community.
B.He reminded people of valuing food and water.
C.He was aware of the danger of climate change.
D.He was interested in the problems in the rural areas.
2.What does the underlined word “mobilised” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Forced. B.Forbade.
C.Warned. D.Organised.
3.What can we infer from the third paragraph
A.Renewable energy sources have replaced fossil fuels.
B.More recovery projects have been built in many communities.
C.The fossil fuel industry does harm to our ecosystems.
D.The fossil fuel industry doesn’t account for our existence.
4.What is the purpose of this text
A.To appeal to people to unite to protect environment.
B.To clarify the author’s contribution to the community.
C.To recommend us a new kind of renewable energy.
D.To show the importance of banning the fossil fuel industry.
B
(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)
I was so worried about handing my little boy over during his first week of school, but you made it easier. You smiled at him like a mother would at her own child. You showed warmth and your hugs were always on offer. After a day in class with you, Charlie would come home singing. Whenever I hear Do Your Ears Hang Low or see him stretching to the sky when he is singing about the days of the week, I will think of you. I didn’t tell you at the time, but I loved your morning song so much that I implemented it in my own class (I’m a teacher, too).
When you saw I was troubled, you hugged me with your smile and I knew everything would be OK. You made parents feel as cared for as our children. In the short time I knew you; you taught me about the type of teacher I desire to be. You never seemed disturbed by mountains of paperwork. Instead, you appeared to embrace every minute.
I can’t understand why you’ve been taken from us. Telling Charlie was one of the hardest things I’ve had to do. I’m not sure whether he fully understood, but he told me he loved you.
I wish I had told you all of this when you were with us. I hope that you knew how you brought happiness to everyone you met and how loved you were. Goodbye, Dear Friend.
5.What does the underlined word “implemented” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Looked back on.
B.Looked forward to.
C.Thought highly of.
D.Made use of.
6.What can we learn from the passage about parents
A.They need to sing songs before children.
B.They need to feel the affection as well.
C.They find it hard to handle their kids.
D.They find it necessary to hug the teachers.
7.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this article
A.To make a remark on Charlie’s teacher.
B.To say goodbye to her fellow teacher.
C.To take pity on her fellow teacher.
D.To recall and show respect for Charlie’s teacher.
C
What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort.
The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change. A firm has adopted a technique which it says will cut CO2 emission (排放) from its production process by 70%.
The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery(啤酒厂), which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop. Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emission, but the technology adopted by the firm makes fertilizer without generating CO2. So, the beer-and-chips combination performs a double function. It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere, and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production.
A decision has not yet been made on which brewery the firm will work with on this. The new technology adds to carbon-saving techniques already under way. The firm has installed an anaerobic(厌氧的) digester, which feeds potato waste to bacteria to produce a useful gas. The gas is burned to make electricity for the chip-frying process—so this saves on burning gas or coal.
8.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To draw readers’ attention.
B.To entertain readers.
C.To show how useful beer and chips are to our life.
D.To introduce a way of life.
9.Which of the following is an advantage of the system
A.It will be totally cost-free.
B.It doesn’t consume any energy.
C.It will be a perfect solution to climate change.
D.It is environmentally-friendly.
10.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.How CO2 is turned into fertilizer.
B.How the technology stops CO2 emission.
C.How the energy-saving green technology works.
D.The advantages of a new technology.
考点分类练(三) 推理判断题——写作意图类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者意识到气候变化带来了很多威胁, 决定呼吁人们团结起来, 采取行动, 保护我们的家园——地球。
1.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “When I realised many people in the rural areas faced fatal impacts such as landslides, floods and droughts, I decided to stand up. Seeing climate change threaten the availability of food and water in my country was a wake-up call.” 可知, 当作者看到气候变化带来的威胁时, 他决定采取措施。故选C项。
2.D 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的 “Farmers in Ontario stood up against a proposed mega quarry in their land. They held festivals to draw attention ...” 可知, 为了反对采石, 这些农民以举办节日的形式来引起关注。再结合画线词后的stop及选项可推知, 画线词意为 “组织”。故选D项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “I hope to see the end of the fossil fuel industry, and we need renewable energy.” 和 “Our existence depends on that of our ecosystems. I hope to see more recovery projects built in the most affected communities.” 可推知, 化石燃料工业会对我们的生态系统造成破坏。故选C项。
4.A 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知, 本文的写作目的主要是让人们团结起来, 采取行动, 共同保护我们的家园——地球。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者表达了自己对孩子老师的感激、尊敬和认可, 也道出了对这位逝去老师的不舍。
5.D 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文I loved your morning song so much可知, 作者自己很喜欢这位老师唱的那首歌, 所以画线句应表示 “我在自己的课堂上也使用了这首歌”, 即画线词意为 “使用”。故选D项。
6.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “When you saw I was troubled, you hugged me with your smile and I knew everything would be OK. You made parents feel as cared for as our children.” 可知, 家长也是需要关爱的。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知, 作者写本文的目的是回忆孩子的老师并表达对孩子老师的尊重。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用啤酒和薯条的组合来应对气候变化。
8.A 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段 “What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort.” 和第二段的 “The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change.” 可知, 第一段的目的是吸引读者注意, 进而引出下文。故选A项。
9.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “A firm has adopted a technique which it says will cut CO2 emission from its production process by 70%.” 和第三段的 “Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emission, but the technology adopted by the firm makes fertilizer without generating CO2.” 可知, 制造肥料通常会造成很高的二氧化碳排放, 但这家公司所采用的这项技术在制造肥料时不会产生二氧化碳。也就是说, 该系统的优点之一是具有环保性。故选D项。
10.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第三段的 “The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery, which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop.” 和 “It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere, and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了这项技术的工作原理。故选C项。考点分类练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
A
(2022·全国甲卷)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go, ” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has, ” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale;it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A.Try challenging things.
B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories.
D.Stick to a promise.
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A.Lovely penguins.
B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare.
D.A friend’s invitation.
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her.
B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved.
D.It needs to be fully introduced.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
B
(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)
An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.
The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.
Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.
Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”
Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.
Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”
Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an e-book best-seller. He said, “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”
5.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do
A.Help to release an e-book as a film.
B.Help readers improve reading speed.
C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.
D.Get readers familiar with the background.
6.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books
A.Sherlock Holmes.
B.Caroline Michel.
C.David Nicholls.
D.Stuart MacBride.
7.What do we know about Stuart MacBride
A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.
B.He knew a great deal of tea.
C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.
D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.
8.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.
B.Response to the need of the book market.
C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.
D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.
C
For most people, graduation is an exciting day—the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.
I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.
You know that feeling when you wake up in fear That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.
So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智) I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.
The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.
9.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .
A.was having an exciting graduation
B.was getting into financial difficulties
C.missed the life in the university
D.had just applied for the student loan
10.How did the author change the frustrating situation
A.By sending applications.
B.By offering contracts.
C.By keeping writing.
D.By publishing books.
11.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph
A.Unattractive. B.Hopeless.
C.Thrilling. D.Promising.
12.What is the passage mainly about
A.Success belongs to the persevering.
B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.
C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.
D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.
考点分类练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ginni从小就热爱旅游, 后来机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行, 并留下了深刻印象的故事。
1.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...has had a deep love for travel.”以及her sons eventually flew the nest可知, Ginni从小就热爱旅行并且儿子们都自立门户了, 所以此处表示自己可以去尝试有挑战的事情了。故选A项。
2.C 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica ...”以及第三句中的“I just decided I wanted to go ...”可知, 在智利她买到了去往南极洲的廉价船票, 然后她决定去南极。C项意为“打折票”, 符合题意。故选C项。
3.C 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans ...that hit home to Ginni.”可知, 它应该被很好地保护。注意hit home to sb意为“切中要害, 使人接受”, 不表示“家”的概念。故选C项。
4.B 解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段提到Ginni去了南极洲, 第二段讲述了她去旅行的前提条件, 第三段讲述机缘巧合她决定去南极洲旅行, 最后两段主要说明Ginni去南极洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南极洲贯穿了全文, 且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永远不会忘记的一次旅途”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出版商希望通过发行带有配乐和音乐伴奏的版本来促进电子书的成功, 以及人们对此的不同看法。
5.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.” 可知, 当一本书的情节达到最激动人心的部分时, 背景音乐就会产生紧张感。由此推知, 出版商希望电子书的配乐能在书的激动人心之处增加紧张感。故选C项。
6.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中Caroline Michel所说的 “Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.” 可以推知, Caroline Michel赞成为电子书增加配乐。故选B项。
7.D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Stuart MacBride所说的 “If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.” 可知, Stuart MacBride在阅读时能想象与故事相关的声音。故选D项。
8.A 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其根据第三段的 “Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers.” 以及第六段的 “Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading.” 可知, 本文主要介绍了人们对带有配乐的电子书的(不同)看法。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在毕业后虽然经历失败和恐惧, 但他不放弃, 最终走出困境的励志故事。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.” 可知, 作者在毕业后难以找到工作, 而学生贷款的还款期限日益逼近。由此推知, 作者面临经济困难。故选B项。
10.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “So what did I do to maintain my sanity I decided to write.” 以及 “So I put my thoughts into a children’s book.” 可知, 作者通过坚持写作来改变自己令人沮丧的处境。故选C项。
11.B 解析 词义猜测题。根据最后一段的 “The moral of this story is ... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up.” 可推知, 能够导致放弃的事情可能是无望的或者是糟糕的, 因此能够替换bleak的词应该是hopeless。故选B项。
12.A 解析 主旨大意题。根据作者描述的个人经历以及最后一段内容可知, 本文主要谈论的是 “成功属于坚韧不拔的人”。故选A项。