(共15张PPT)
句子成分和句子结构
PART 01.
五种基本句型
句子成分
什么是句子成分 ?
例句分析: I met my best friend Tom at school yesterday.
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
同位语
状语
一个句子 = 一部电影
十大词类 = 十种演员
句子成分 = 电影中的角色
同位语:用一个名词解释同等地位的另一个名词。
定语:使一个名词更加生动具体。
主谓宾定状补
I eat an apple.
我
主语:动作的发出者(名词、代词)
谓语:动作(动词、be动词)
宾语:动作的承受者(名词、代词)
吃
苹果
I beat the naughty cat at home.
我 在家里 打 调皮的 猫咪
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
状语
(修饰)
(地点、时间、状态等)
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
状语
地点状语
定语:修饰名词、代词(形容词)
状语:修饰动词(副词)
句子的成分
主语:表示句子所说的是“什么人” 或 “什么事物”
名词、代词
Lucy is an American girl.
She often goes to the movies.
谓语:说明主语 “做什么”、“是什么” 或者 “怎么样”
动词 / be动词
We are both quiet.
He has a toothache.
His parents teach math.
指主语的动作、状态和特征。
句子的成分
宾语:表示动作、行为的对象
名词、代词
He’s playing soccer.
Can I ask some questions
宾语补足语:用来补足宾语意义,一般置于宾语之后
名词、形容词、不定式等
We call her Goldilocks.
I found th book very interesting.
My teacher told me to go home.
① 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O)
I buy a book.
及物动词(vt.)
I arrive.
不及物动词(vi.)
at school.
I go.
I do.
② 主语 + 谓语 (S+V)
英语动词分四类
系动词,实义动词,助动词,情态动词
实义动词:及物动词/不及物动词/使役动词
主谓
主谓宾
主谓宾1+宾2
主谓宾宾补
无实义:系动词 → 主系表
vt. 后直接+宾语
vi. 后不加宾语,若需要宾语,后要加介词连接
及物与不及物动词的区别:
I eat an apple.
I sleep.
My dog died.
The birds fly in the sky.
The class begins.
Look! She is singing.
Linda bought a book yesterday.
Wang teaches me English.
③主语+谓语+宾语1+宾语2
(S+V+IO+O)
I give you a book.
间接宾语
直接宾语
人间物直
④主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+OC)
* She has won the game, which made her parents ______ .
A. proud
B. proudly
(中考北京卷)
【KMF:考满分】
I keep the room clean.
The movie makes me sad.
I find English easy.
A
⑤主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
主谓宾:谁做了什么
主系表:谁是什么
表示身份或状态
名词、形容词
感官/状态/变化系动词
① look, sound, smell, taste, feel +adj.
② be, seem, appear, keep, stay +adj.
③ become, turn, get, grow, go, come +adj.
练习题
二、说出下列句子中划线部分充当的成分
1. My favorite subject is English.
2. I watch the movie once a week.
3. Many animals are in danger, we must protect them.
4. The sun keeps us warm.
5. The boy told me his secret.
表语
宾补
宾语
状语
表语
请判断下列句子的结构类型:
He is running.
Will you tell us an exciting story
She seemed angry.
We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
My father bought me a beautiful present.
Why do you keep your eyes closed
S+V
S+V+IO+OC
S+V+P
S+V+O+OC
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+O+OC
完成下列句子:
1. 学生们学习很努力。
The students ______ _____ ______.
2.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。
The kind of ______ ______ ____.
work
very
hard
food
tastes
bad
翻译下列句子并判断是哪种句型:
1. 我会给他买一件衬衫。
2. 我发现那个女孩很漂亮。
3. 我们已经在家里待了一个星期。
I will buy him a shirt.
I will buy a shirt for him.
I find/found the girl very beautiful.
We have stayed at home for a week.