FAN ZHONGYAN
Perhaps one of the most famous sayings in China is, “To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world, and the last to enjoy its pleasures.” Written by Fan Zhongyan, this 11th century proverb provides a goal for all Chinese government officials to aspire1 to.
Fan Zhongyan (989－1052) himself was a good example of someone who lived by these words. Fan was born in Suzhou in 989 CE. When he was just one or two years old, his father died and his mother married another man. From a very young age, he was very diligent2 in his schoolwork. Later, he left his stepfather’s family and had to stay in a temple, where he was only able to eat porridge each day. In the winter, he had to cut frozen porridge into pieces for his meals. It is said that one day one of his friends noticed that he was not eating well, so he sent over some tasty food. Fan refused to touch it, saying that he wanted to be content with what he had.
In 1015, Fan passed the imperial examination and became a government official. While he served in Taizhou, he always had the people’s best interest at heart, and so he proposed building a sea wall to protect homes from flooding. This sea wall was later called “Lord Fan’s Embankment”. Serving with distinction3, he helped build up defenses when the country was threatened by war. Then, once the country was at peace again, he was promoted to a high-level position in the capital, where he was able to advise the emperor on government policy.
As an advisor to the emperor, Fan then tried to institute government reforms, known as the Qingli reforms. However, many conservative4 bureaucrats5 opposed him, and so the reforms were stopped and Fan was forced to leave the capital and go into exile6.
While in exile in 1045, Fan wrote an essay entitled Memorial to Yueyang Tower. In the essay, he wondered if it was possible to find government officials who would be firm in their desire to look after the needs of the common people, and not worry about their own personal welfare. Of such a man, Fan said, “When serving in a high office at court, he will be concerned for the people；if living on distant rivers and lakes, he will be concerned for his sovereign7. When serving, he worries；while in retirement, he worries. And when does he enjoy himself？One must say：To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world, and the last to enjoy its pleasures.”
(选自人教版新教材选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4)
词汇积累
1．aspire / 'spa (r)/ v．渴望(成就)；有志(成为)
2．diligent /'d l d nt/ adj.孜孜不倦的；勤勉的；刻苦的
3．distinction /d 'st ?k n/ n．区别，差别；特性；荣誉，奖赏
4．conservative /k n's ∶v t v/ adj.保守的；守旧的
5．bureaucrat /'bj r kr t/ n．官僚主义者；官僚
6．exile /'eksa l；'eɡza l/ v．& n．流放；流亡；放逐
7．sovereign /'s vr n/ n．君主；元首
Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension
Ⅰ.匹配单词
1．convince A．happening or coming after sth else
2．load B．to allow liquid or gas to get in or out through a small hole or crack
3．log C．to make sb/yourself believe that sth is true
4．acknowledge D．to put a large quantity of things or people onto or into sth
5．leak E．to accept that sth is true
6．subsequent F．an official record of events during a particular period of time，especially
a journey on a ship or plane
Ⅱ.选词填空
on behalf of，regardless of，allow for，pay a visit，in panic
1．The chairman signed the document ____________ the company.
2．When making a plan，you must __________ something unexpected.
3．He went to the rescue of a drowning child ______________ his personal safety.
4．I recommend you to __________ to Xi’an where many historic remains are well preserved.
5．A fire broke out and people fled from the fire __________.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文章
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the passage mainly about
A．Zheng He and Christopher Columbus’ contributions to the world.
B．The voyages of two famous explorers: Zheng He and Christopher Columbus.
C．The new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
D．The life experiences of two famous explorers.
Ⅱ.悉层次结构
Read the first text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
1．Para.1 A．The acknowledgement of Zheng He’s achievements.
2．Para.2 B．The seven voyages.
3．Para.3 C．The significance of the seven voyages.
4．Para.4 D．Personal information and the first voyage.
Read the second text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
5．Para.1 A．Details of Christopher Columbus’s discovery.
6．Para.2 B．Significance of Christopher Columbus’s discovery.
7．Para.3 C．Personal information about Columbus.
Step 2 细读——逐段获取细节
Ⅰ.Read the first historical article and do the following exercises.
1．What can we learn about Zheng He’s voyages from the first two paragraphs
A．All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B．Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C．Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D．It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
2．What’s the meaning of “far reaching” in paragraph 3
A．Negative. B．Shallow.
C．Deep. D．Various.
3．How did Zheng He’s seven voyages affect China and its neighbours
A．They promoted its neighbours’ economy.
B．They let its neighbours know China better.
C．They made these countries and regions stronger.
D．They improved the relations between western countries.
4．What was some historians’ attitude towards the records of Zheng He’s voyages
A．Convinced. B．Objective.
C．Skeptical. D．Optimistic.
5．What helped to prove that Zheng He’s voyages were not legends
A．The harmonious relations with other countries and regions.
B．The detailed maps of the voyages—Zheng He’s Navigation Map.
C．Chinese people’s better understanding of overseas lands.
D．An enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing.
Ⅱ.Read the second historical article and do the following exercises.
1．What inspired Columbus to begin his career as a seaman
A．His love for sailing and his interest in history.
B．His love for sailing and his interest in geography.
C．His love for sailing and his interest in politics.
D．His love for sailing and his interest in physics.
2．Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher Columbus’s journey
A．The bad weather during the journey.
B．The longer time of the journey.
C．One of the ships was leaking badly.
D．The shortage of food.
3．Why did Columbus call the natives Indians
A．Because they lived in the East Indies.
B．Because he thought the islands were in the East Indies.
C．Because they came from the East Indies.
D．Because he liked living in the East Indies.
4．Which is Columbus’s major contribution
A．The discovery of the New World.
B．The discovery of the Caribbean.
C．The discovery of the East Indies.
D．The discovery of the Atlantic Ocean.
5．What can we conclude from the story of Christopher Columbus
A．One is never too old to learn.
B．The longest journey begins with the first step.
C．One minute on stage needs ten years’ practice off stage.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
Ⅲ.Read the whole text and do the following exercises.
1．What’s the similarity between the two explorers
A．They were welcomed by local people.
B．They promoted local construction successfully.
C．Their accomplishments were acknowledged constantly.
D．They made great contributions to our understanding of the world.
2．Which of the following can best describe the two explorers
A．Sensitive and doubt.
B．Brave and persistent.
C．Creative and trustworthy.
D．Independent and sympathetic.
Step 3 读后——讨论深度理解
1．What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so successful？(Critical thinking)
2．What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles？(Creative thinking)
Step 4 总结——课文语法填空
In the summer of 1405，Zheng He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage.His ships 1.____________(load) with china，silk，tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers.Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far reaching impact 2.__________ China and its neighbours.Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen 3.__________(harmony) relations with these countries and regions.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now 4.__________(wide) acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.As a teenager，he loved sailing，and he showed great interest in geography,5.__________ inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.Columbus insisted on 6.__________(search) for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.On 3 August 1492，he 7.__________(depart) from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.Regardless of all the challenges，Columbus managed 8.__________(keep) everyone out of danger with his knowledge and 9.__________(brave) across the ocean.Finally，on 12 October，the crew spotted land in 10.__________ distance.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
Step 5 解读——长句难句分析
1．A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas，with almost 28,000 people on board，which was a splendid scene.
[句式分析] 此句是__________句。with的复合结构在句中作__________。which引导__________从句，指代上文所提到的情况。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2．According to some records，the largest ships were over 140 metres in length，demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
[句式分析] 此句是__________句。此句中的demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships在句中作__________，其中used in constructing ships为过去分词短语作__________，修饰__________。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3．Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions，exposing foreign people to Chinese culture，and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
[句式分析] 此句是__________句。此句中exposing foreign people to Chinese culture，and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands为现在分词短语作__________，其中__________连接两个并列短语。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4．Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.
[句式分析] 此句是__________句。as引导__________，修饰__________。主句中含有一个who引导的__________。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5．His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
[句式分析] 此句是_________句。此句中a period作__________，其中which引导__________。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
Period 1
读前清障
Ⅰ.1.C 2.D 3.F 4.E 5.B 6.A
Ⅱ.1.on behalf of 2.allow for 3.regardless of 4.pay a visit 5.in panic
精读课文
Step 1
Ⅰ.B
Ⅱ.1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B
Step 2
Ⅰ.1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D
Ⅱ.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D
Ⅲ.1.D 2.B
Step 4
1．were loaded 2.on 3.harmonious 4.widely 5.which 6.searching 7.departed 8.to keep 9.bravery 10.the
Step 5
1．复合 状语 非限制性定语 其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。
2．简单 状语 后置定语 skills 据史料记载，郑和船队最大的船长逾140米，可知其造船技术之高超，工艺之独特。
3．简单 状语 and 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国人对海外诸邦的了解。
4．复合 定语从句 主句 定语从句 凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。
5．复合 同位语 定语从句 他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。Period 3 Grammar and usage—Predicative clauses
认真阅读下列句子，感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题。
1．Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian. 2．His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. 3．His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
[自主发现]
1．加黑的句子在句中都作__________。
2．当从句不缺成分且意义完整时，我们可以用______引导表语从句，如句______；
当从句不缺成分但语义不明确时，我们可以用__________引导表语从句，如句______；
当从句缺少成分且意义不完整时，我们可以用__________等引导表语从句，如句______。
一、表语从句的定义
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。
China is no longer what she used to be.
今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
二、表语从句的引导词
(一)引导词的类别：
连接词：that/whether/as if/as though/because
连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what
连接副词：when/where/why/how
(二)引导词的意义和用法
1．连接词
(1)that本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
The fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
事实是，超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖着。
(2)whether意为“是否”，但不充当句子成分；if不可引导表语从句。
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
问题是我们能否在明晚以前完成我们的工作。
(3)as if/though意为“好像”。
It looked as if she had forgotten how to breathe.
她看上去好像是忘了如何呼吸似的。
2．连接代词
连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。
What worries us most is who let out the secret.
最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。
The problem is whose work is the best among the mechanics.
问题是在这些技工中谁的工作最好。
I read about it in some book or another，but what I don’t know is which (book) it is.
我在某本书或另一本书上看到过这件事，但我不知道是哪一本。
[温馨提示]
what在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“什么，什么样子”或“所……的(人或事)”。
The question is what caused the accident.
问题是什么造成了这次事故。
Patience is a good virtue and that’s what it takes to do anything well.
耐心是一种美德，这是做好任何事情所需要的。
To my surprise，the church is no longer what it used to be.
令我惊讶的是，这座教堂已经不是以前的样子了。
3．连接副词
连接副词when，where，why，how等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式等。
Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s where I was born.”
奶奶指着那个医院说：“那是我出生的地方。”
What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.
使莉莉的朋友们困惑的是她为什么总有那么多疯狂的想法。
[温馨提示]
1．That’s why...那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)
2．That’s because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)
3．The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(主语是reason，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
English has many borrowed words；that’s why it is rather confusing to learners.
英语有很多外来词；那就是为什么它会让学习者感到非常困惑。
—I called your office at about ten this morning，but there was no reply.
—Oh，that was probably because I was paying a visit to a friend in hospital.
——我今天上午10点左右给你办公室打电话，但是没有人接。
——噢，那可能是因为我正在探望一位住院的朋友。
The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.
汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。
三、表语从句中应注意的问题——虚拟语气
1．在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order等时，从句谓语形式用“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
2．as though/as if引导的表语从句中虚拟语气形式如下：
(1)从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式，be动词用were；
(2)从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had done；
(3)从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might＋do。
阅读下面的对话，用适当的连接词填空
—Tom，why do you look so upset？What happened
—It is 1.__________ I can’t watch the football match tomorrow.The match is 2._________ I have been looking forward to for a long time.
—Is there anything wrong
—Yes.The problem is 3.__________ my parents want me to have my piano class tomorrow.
—It sounds as 4.__________ you don’t like it.
—No，I don’t like it at all.That is 5.__________ I don’t want to go there tomorrow.
Period 3
语法感悟
1．表语 2.that 2 whether 3 what 1
达标检测
1．because
2.what
3.that
4.if/though
5.whyPeriod 6 Extended reading & Other parts—Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Let me check and see if there is any room a .
2．I decide to __________(打包) a few things and have a holiday in the countryside.
3．The young man was sentenced to 5 years in p for setting fire to a grocery.
4．It’s reported that apart from the flight crew，the plane crash killed all 157 passengers __________(在飞机上)．
5．We’re in a state of complete __________(混乱) so we need a little time to sort ourselves out.
6．She __________(呆住) when the beam of the flashlight struck her.
7．Being constantly exposed to authentic French conversation has allowed me to learn new __________(短语)，widen my vocabulary and improve my accent.
8．When the earthquake happened，the mechanic was browsing the __________(书架) for something interesting to read.
9．In most cases，you just need to wrap a clean cloth tightly around the cut if it is b .
10．Hearing the astonishing news，my niece s into a chair，burying her face in her hands.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1．It is __________ cold in this room and I am absolutely __________.(freeze)
2．He has been enjoying __________ since very young and now many of his __________ works are popular with most people.(literature)
3．The trapped driver’s head was __________ at that moment，and he fainted at the sight of __________.(blood)
4．His __________ astonished me，because he could __________ so many words in such a short time.(memory)
5．The news about domestic __________ reported that a man was arrested for abusing his wife __________.(violent)
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Her parents carefully sorted them out，_______________________________________.(although引导让步状语从句)
她的父母仔细地把这些文件进行了整理，尽管他们发现大部分文件上面都是外国地址。
2．They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order __________________________.(不定式作目的状语)
他们非常受欢迎，以至于他们的粉丝为了更好地熟悉他们而成立了俱乐部。
3．Thanks are due to all those __________________________________.(定语从句)
感谢这么多年来辛勤工作的每一个人。
4．Those women stood at the gate chatting and seeing the manager，____________________.
那些女人正在门口聊天，看见了经理，便匆匆离开了。
adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养(adopted adj.被采用的；收养的 adoption n．采纳；采用；收养)
adopt sb as...收养某人为…… adopted son/daughter 养子/养女；义子/义女
(1)The family have adopted a homeless child as their own.
(2)What he does convinces me that your (adopt) son will treat you better than his biological mother.
(3)Since the (adopt) of the new working method，production has gone up.
(4)In spite of the fact that we are facing great pressure, .
尽管我们面临着巨大的压力，但我们应该采取乐观的态度。
comparison n．对比；比较(compare vt.比较；把……比作 vi.相比 n．比较)
by/in comparison with 和……相比较 by comparison 相比之下；比较起来 compare...and/with...把……和……相比 compare...to...把……比作…… beyond/without compare无与伦比
(1)In comparison being late，absence with no excuse deserves severe punishment.
(2)The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains __________ (compare) with other animals.
(3)If we compare our life a voyage，our teachers and parents are compasses leading us forward.
(4)To be frank，this western artistic work is really exceptional and ompare.
(5)If you compare Columbia with Charleston，you will find the former is a young city.
→ ，Columbia is a young city.(过去分词短语作状语)
→ ，you will find the former is a young city.(现在分词短语作状语)
contrary to 与……相反
to the contrary与此相反地(的) on the contrary恰恰相反
选词填空
(1)Most children tend to be afraid of thunder, while my little brother is .
(2) what people had said，the old couple adopted this poor boy though they led a poor life.
(3)We thought my stubborn sister would insist on her plan. ，she didn’t.
freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵 (freezing adj.极冷的，严寒的 frozen adj.冷冻的，冻僵的)
freeze (sb) to death (把某人)冻死 freezing cold 极其寒冷
(1)Sadly，the little match girl was (freeze) to death on the Christmas Eve.
(2)It’s (freeze) cold outside，so you’d better wear your thick coat.
(3) (freeze) fish is a very healthy convenience food.
(4)(读后续写之恐惧)I as the door slowly opened.
当门慢慢打开时，我吓得僵住了。
不定式短语作定语
教材原句 Out of 37 sets of brothers，Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack.在船上的37对兄弟里，只有拉塞尔和他的兄弟在袭击中幸存下来。(P40)
to survive the attack为不定式短语在句中作定语修饰the only full pair，常用不定式短语作定语的情况有： 当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词的最高级及the next, the only, the last, the very等词修饰时； 一些抽象名词常用动词不定式作定语，常见的有：way，plan, ability, chance, opportunity, wish，reason等。
(1)I think the best way (strengthen) willpower is to make it a habit.
(2)I hope my plan (make) a voyage will be carried out in the near future.
(3)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts
(contact) you failed.
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)I’m writing this letter in the hope of getting the chance ___________________________________________________________________________________________.
我写这封信是希望有机会成为我们学校英语协会的志愿者。
Ⅰ.一词多义
available A.可用的 B．可获得的，易得到的 C．有空的
1．With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching，I’d like to invite you to my family get together on 3rd June if you are available.______
2．We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.______
3．Worried about the time available，I had made a list of the sites I wanted to see in London.______
shift A．vi.& vt.(使)移动；(使)转移 B．vi.& vt.改变；更替 C．n.改变；转移；转换 D．n.轮班
4．Peter is on the day shift and I am on the night.______
5．It is said that a shift in the wind is expected tonight.______
6．He refused to shift his ground，even though many people advised him to.____
7．The White House hopes to shift the media’s attention away from foreign policy issues.______
Ⅱ.熟词生义
As you see in so many offices，the walls and furniture are a uniform grey.
________________________
Period 6
基础知识巩固
Ⅰ.1.available 2.pack 3.prison 4.aboard 5.chaos 6.froze 7.phrases 8.shelves 9.bleeding 10.sank
Ⅱ.1.freezing frozen 2.literature literary 3.bleeding blood 4.memory memorize 5.violence violently
Ⅲ.1.although they found foreign addresses on most of the documents
2．to get more familiar with them
3．who worked so hard for so many years
4．left in a hurry
核心考点突破
1．(1)as (2)adopted (3)adoption (4)we should adopt an optimistic attitude
2．(1)with (2)compared (3)to (4)without/beyond (5)Compared with Charleston Comparing Columbia with Charleston
3．(1)to the contrary (2)Contrary to (3)On the contrary
4．(1)frozen (2)freezing (3)Frozen (4)froze with terror
5．(1)to strengthen (2)to make (3)to contact (4)to be a volunteer of our School English Association
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A
Ⅱ.adj.一致的，统一的Period 4 Integrated skills
教材听力训练(见课堂授课课件)
Activity 1 细节把握
Read the article about popular history books and try to do the exercises.
1．According to the historian，why can popular history books attract a wider audience
________________________________________________________________________
2．What is the historian’s attitude towards popular history books
A．Critical. B．Favorable.
C．Neutral. D．Indifferent.
Activity 2 文章架构
Sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1：Introduce 1.______________________________.
Para.2：State the historian’s 2.____________________ on popular history books.
Para.3：Give 3.____________________ to support the opinion.
Para.4：End the article with a strong 4.______________.
Activity 3 增分靓句
Find sentences using rhetorical devices.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Activity 4 写作模板
本单元的写作要求为写一篇有关历史书籍的文章，要求能够对历史书籍发表看法。
篇章结构
开篇：介绍历史书籍的兴起并发表自己的观点。
主体：举例支持观点。
结尾：作出强有力的总结。
注意事项
1．在此类文章中，有效的开头段是很重要的，好的导入可以告诉读者将要发生的事情并鼓励他们进一步阅读。你可以用一个反问句或一句著名的谚语来吸引读者的注意力。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：人称以第一、三人称为主。
常用表达
开头：
1．Nowadays more and more...is widely and commonly...in everyday life.
2．In recent years...is gaining growing popularity with...
3．Nowadays...has become a very common matter in...
4．Recently...has been brought into focus.
5．Nowadays，there is a growing tendency in...
主体：
1．There are several reasons for...but in general，they come down to three major ones.
2．There are many factors that may account for...but the following are the most typical ones.
3．Generally，the advantages can be listed as follows.
4．The reasons are as follows.
结尾：
1．In a word，I’m in favour of...
2．In conclusion，I think...is favourable to...
随着通俗历史读物的兴起，人们可以用一种比较轻松易懂的方式掌握历史信息。请你以“popular history books”为话题写一篇短文，向历史杂志社投稿，内容包括：
1．介绍通俗历史读物的兴起这一现象，并说明你对这一现象的看法；
2．阐述自己支持通俗历史读物的原因并举例来支持你的观点；
3．作出强有力的总结。
注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步 审题谋篇
审题
本单元的写作任务是写一篇关于通俗历史读物的文章，写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇现象类论说文，写作时注意这类文章的写作特点。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：人称以第一、三人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：介绍通俗历史读物的兴起这一现象，并说明你对这一现象的看法。
第二段：阐述自己支持通俗历史读物的原因并举例来支持你的观点。
第三段：作出强有力的总结。
第二步 遣词造句
[核心词汇](含本单元词汇)
1．承认(属实) __________
2．关于，至于____________
3．喜欢，赞成____________
4．采用，采取__________
5．非正式的__________
6．描述历史人物或事件______________________
7．生动地__________
8．打下坚实的基础______________________
9．精通，擅长____________________
10．学术的__________
[连词成句](含本单元句型)
1．当前，人们承认通俗的历史书籍很受欢迎。
Nowadays，______________________ popular history books enjoy great popularity.
2．我赞成读通俗的历史书。
________________________________________________________________________________
3．作者采用一种自然的、非正式的写作风格。
________________________________________________________________________________
4．这让读者更容易理解。
________________________________________________________________________________
5．它们经常用故事和有趣的比较生动地描述历史人物或事件，这极大地吸引了读者的兴趣。
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
6．它们也可以为那些想要学习历史的人打下坚实的基础。
________________________________________________________________________________
7．如果你想掌握好历史，你需要借助学术性历史书籍。
________________________________________________________________________________
第三步 句式升级
1．用主语从句改写句1。
________________________________________________________________________________
2．用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句3和句4。
________________________________________________________________________________
3．用现在分词短语作结果状语改写句5。
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
第四步 组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
范文赏读
Nowadays，it is acknowledged that popular history books enjoy great popularity.I am in favour of reading popular history books.The reasons are as follows.
First of all，the authors adopt a natural，informal style of writing，which makes it easier for the readers to understand.In addition，they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly，greatly attracting the readers’ interest.Furthermore，they can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study history.
To conclude，reading popular history books is an excellent way for people to learn the basics of history.But if you want to have a good command of history，you need to turn to academic history books.
学校图书馆需要购置一批新书，现向学生征求意见。假定你是李华，你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书(popular science books)和历史类图书(history books)。请你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封信，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr Wang，
As far as I know, our school library plans to buy some books. __________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Period 4
细读文本
Activity 1
1．Because they make history easy to understand and provide a knowledge base for beginners.
2．B
Activity 2
1．the rise of popular history books 2.personal opinion
3．reasons and examples 4.conclusion
Activity 3
1．Not so long ago，history was a heavy topic for the general reader.Luckily，popular history books have made that a thing of the past.(contrast)
2．Think of it this way: popular history books lead you to the doorway of a palace，but if you want to enter the palace and truly explore it，you need to open a few academic history books too！(metaphor)
Activity 4
topic and opinion；reasons and examples；conclusion
写作实践
第二步 遣词造句
核心词汇
1．acknowledge 2.as for/to 3.in favour of 4.adopt 5.informal 6.describe historical figures or events 7.vividly
8．lay the solid foundation 9.have a good command of 10.academic
连词成句
1．people acknowledge that
2．I am in favour of reading popular history books.
3．The authors adopt a natural，informal style of writing.
4．This makes it easier for the readers to understand.
5．They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly，which greatly attracts the readers’ interest.
6．They can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study history.
7．If you want to have a good command of history，you need to turn to academic history books.
第三步 句式升级
1．Nowadays，it is acknowledged that popular history books enjoy great popularity.
2．The authors adopt a natural，informal style of writing，which makes it easier for the readers to understand.
3．They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly，greatly attracting the readers’ interest.
达标检测
参考范文
Dear Mr Wang，
As far as I know, our school library plans to buy some books. What I’m writing for is to suggest buying popular science books and history books.
Not only do popular science books offer us students basic knowledge about science, but also they are helpful to deal with daily problems in a scientific way.Apart from popular science books, history books are also beneficial in many aspects.For instance, they can open our eyes to the past as well as make us reflect on our life.Besides, the more history books we read，the more we will cherish our hard won happiness.
I would appreciate it if you could adopt my advice.
Yours sincerely，
Li HuaPeriod 2 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She got into a __________(恐慌) when she thought of the coverage.
2．The boss decides to __________(解雇) him because he is incredibly lazy.
3．His rapid promotion is a further p that he is a man with great ability.
4．What is known to us is that the astronomer is an I figure in the field of astronomy.
5．Tom is __________(队长) of the school basketball team now.
6．Generally speaking，__________(和谐的) family relationship plays an important part in one’s growth.
7．According to his observation，the captain estimated the b of the lake to be 500 metres.
8．Maybe we can find the reason why the ship sank suddenly in the sailor’s __________(航海日志)．
9．The library is now a multimedia zone，__________(装上) with information in many formats.
10．It was plain to see that finding the right r to return to the campsite was what Jane urgently needed to do.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1．For lack of __________，he was set free.In other words，no one can __________ him to be guilty.(proof)
2．It won’t bother you because the project is __________ by the government，so there are no __________ problems.(finance)
3．In order to __________ his body，Tom takes regular exercise，and now he has become so __________ that he has enough __________ to carry big stones.(strong)
4．John Adams was one of the most __________ statesmen in the early American history who had a great __________ on the development of America.(influence)
5．This area is __________ of water.Leaders evaluate that the water __________ will cause problems to the local people.(short)
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The old lady stood by the door，______________________________.(现在分词短语作状语)
那位老妇人站在门口，朝外面看着，感到很忧伤。
2．The play ________________________ was a big success.(过去分词短语作定语)
老师们表演的戏剧很成功。
3．Do you know the boy ________________________________？(who引导定语从句)
你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗？
4．The room is not so large __________________________________.(as引导比较状语从句)
这个房间没有我们昨天看的那个大。
convince vt.使确信；使相信；使信服；说服，劝说(convinced adj.确信的；深信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)
convince sb of sth使某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事 convince sb that...使某人相信…… be convinced of/that...确信……；相信……
(1)When you are having an interview，you need to convince the interviewers __________ your enthusiasm for the job.
(2)In view of the fact that there was no __________(convince) evidence of his guilt，he was set free.
(3)I’m __________(convince) of your ability to do the job，so just go and apply for it.
(4)He was convinced that his sick son was asleep，so he turned off the light and went to bed.
→__________________________________，he turned off the light and went to bed.(形容词短语作状语)
load vt.& vi.装上，装入；负担 n．负载；承载量；大量
load...with...用……装满…… be loaded with... 负载……；装满…… a load of/loads of 许多的，大量的 take a load off one’s mind 使某人如释重负，打消某人的顾虑
(1)The lorry，which was loaded __________ goods，broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge.The cause was under investigation.
(2)Even though I have loads __________ schoolwork to do，I’ll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and dynamic.
(3)Youth provides us with inspiring articles，through which we can exchange our feelings with friends，and ____________________. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)
《青春》为我们提供了鼓舞人心的文章，通过这些文章我们可以和朋友交流感情，卸下心头的负担。
strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强 (strength n．力量；强项；长处 strong adj.强壮的)
strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点 build up one’s strength/body强身健体
(1)Only when we know our own __________(strength) and weaknesses can we build a harmonious relationship with others.
(2)To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to __________ (strong) your leg muscles.
(3)__________________________________，our school held a 5 kilometer cross country running race. (2020·新高考全国 Ⅰ，应用文写作)
为了能让学生强身健体，我们学校举行了一场5公里的越野赛。
acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)，认可；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢(acknowledgement n．承认；感谢)
acknowledge...to be/as...承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事 It is (widely) acknowledged that...人们(普遍)认为……
(1)This space walk is acknowledged __________ a milestone in the history of astronomy.
(2)With no solid evidence，he refused to acknowledge __________(leak) the secret of his company.
(3)____________________ a good astronaut needs strong will and persistence.
人们普遍认为，一个好的宇航员需要坚强的意志和毅力。
insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
insist on/upon (sb/sb’s) doing sth坚持(某人)做某事 insist that...
(1)He insisted he __________(be) right，regardless of other people’s objection.
(2)The teacher insisted that every minute _______________(make) full use of to do the work well.
(3)He insists on __________(run) 500 meters every day in preparation for the PE test.
panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
in panic惊慌地 get into a panic陷入恐慌 panic sb into doing sth使某人惊慌地做某事
(1)(读后续写之动作、心理描写)Mac rushed into the car，slammed the door and trembled all over __________ panic.
(2)I got into ________ panic when I heard that the damage to the brain was permanent.
(3)The ship leaked badly，which __________________________________________________.
船严重泄漏，这使船上的一些人恐慌地跳入水中。
astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊(astonished adj.惊诧的；感到惊讶的 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonishment n．惊讶，惊奇)
be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶 be astonished at/by sth对某事感到惊讶 in astonishment 吃惊地 to one’s astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
(1)I was __________(astonish) that the pills were so effective for this disease.
(2)People were astonished __________ the coverage that some remains of the plane were found.
(3)妈妈真没想到双胞胎已为她做好了香甜的早餐。
①_______________________ that sweet breakfast had been cooked for her by the twins.(astonish)
②______________________，sweet breakfast had been cooked for her by the twins.(astonishment) (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
as引导非限制性定语从句
教材原句 Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。(P31)
as既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 as引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”。 as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于the same...as...，such...as...，so...as...结构中。 which引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“这一点”或“这”，从句不可位于句首。
(1)I failed to convince him of my innocence，______ made me sad.
(2)His boss dismissed him for his regular absence，________ was expected.
(3)She is such a girl ________ is always finding fault with other people.
(4)众所周知，玩电脑游戏对孩子有害。
①_______________，playing computer games is harmful to children.(as引导非限制性定语从句)
②__________________ playing computer games is harmful to children.(it作形式主语)
Ⅰ.一词多义
log A.n.航海日志 B．n.原木 C．vt.伐木
1．The government imposed a ban on the export of unprocessed logs.______
2．It is illegal to log the trees in the forest without the government’s permission.______
3．The captain described the accident in the ship’s log.______
Ⅱ.熟词生义
We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of everyone who helped us.__________
Period 2
基础知识巩固
Ⅰ.1.panic 2.dismiss 3.proof
4.influential 5.captain 6.harmonious
7.breadth 8.log 9.loaded 10.route
Ⅱ.1.proof prove 2.financed financial
3.strengthen strong strength 4.influential influence
5.short shortage
Ⅲ.1.looking outside and feeling sad
2．put on by the teachers
3．who is standing over there
4．as the one we saw yesterday
核心考点突破
1．(1)of (2)convincing (3)convinced (4)Convinced that his sick son was asleep
2．(1)with (2)of (3)take a load off our minds
3．(1)strengths (2)strengthen (3)To build up the students’ strength/body
4．(1)as (2)leaking (3)It is widely acknowledged that
5．(1)was (2)(should) be made (3)running
6．(1)in (2)a (3)panicked some men on board into diving into the water
7．(1)astonished (2)at/by (3)①It astonished the mother ②To the mother’s astonishment
8．(1)which (2)as (3)as (4)①As is known to all ②It is known to all that
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.1.B 2.C 3.A
Ⅱ.(公开)感谢Period 5 Extended reading—Reading comprehension
Ⅰ.匹配单词
1．aboard A．to pull sb/sth along with effort and difficulty
2．violently B．a state of complete confusion and lack of order
3．freeze C．on or onto a ship，plane，bus or train
4．drag D．with great energy or strong movement，especially caused by a strong emotion
such as fear or hatred
5．chaos E．to go down below the surface or towards the bottom of a liquid or soft substance
6．sink F．to become hard，and often turn to ice as a result of extreme cold
Ⅱ.选词填空
make one’s bed，come to oneself，get in touch with，open up，declare war on/against
1．When he ________________，he found himself lying in hospital，surrounded by his parents.
2．Britain and the United States ______________ Japan and the Pacific War started.
3．If you want much more information，you can ________________ me at any time.
4．The boy can ______________ by himself though he is only six years old.
5．The girl decided to __________ and tell the police what she had seen.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文章
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A．The story of hero Louis.
B．The terrible scene after the war.
C．The attack on Pearl Harbor.
D．A bomb hit the USS Arizona.
Ⅱ.悉层次结构
Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
1．Para.1 A．Russell was saved but he was badly burnt.
2．Para.2 B．The United States joined the Second World War.
3．Para.3 C．The attack on Pearl Harbor will never be forgotten.
4．Para.4 D．Japanese planes suddenly dropped bombs on Pearl Harbor.
5．Para.5 E．With only minor injuries，Louis saved many people.
6．Para.6 F．Everything seemed to be normal on board the ship.
7．Para.7 G．The attack destroyed many ships and airplanes，injuring and killing many people.
Step 2 细读——逐段获取细节
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 and do the following exercise.
When did Japanese planes attack Pearl Harbor
A．In the morning. B．At noon.
C．In the afternoon. D．At midnight.
Ⅱ.Read Paras.2—4 and do the following exercises.
1．What can we know about Russell and Louis from the passage
A．Russell lost his hands，arms and legs in the attack.
B．Russell was seriously burnt in the attack.
C．Louis’s family were sad to hear that he was killed.
D．Louis was proud of his remarkable actions.
2．Which of the following words can best describe Louis
A．Kind and skilled. B．Brave and modest.
C．Brave and clever. D．Helpful and clever.
3．What does the phrase “opened up” in the fourth paragraph mean
A．To make a speech in public.
B．To be in the open air.
C．To express one’s feeling secretly.
D．To express one’s feeling directly and speak out freely.
4．Why did Russell refuse to talk about the attack
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.Read Paras.5—6 and do the following exercises.
1．What’s the writing skill used in paragraph 5
A．Listing numbers.
B．Making a comparison.
C．Giving a definition.
D．Giving examples.
2．What’s the President Roosevelt’s reaction to the attack
(1)He delivered his ____________________，describing December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy” and declaring war on Japan.
(2)The US joined ______________________.
3．Why did the United States join the Second World War
A．To help other countries resist Japanese aggression.
B．In response to the Japanese attack and the president’s address.
C．To show American power and influence.
D．To set a good example for other countries.
Ⅳ.Read Para.7 and do the following exercises.
1．How does the USA present the past history to people
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Which is not the meaning of the memorial
A．To remind people to take history as a mirror.
B．To let people memorize the horror of war.
C．To call on people to maintain peace in the world.
D．To attract people to visit the US.
Ⅴ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises.
1．How is the text developed
A．By place order.
B．By time order.
C．By showing differences.
D．By providing examples.
2．Which of the following can best describe the attack
A．Unexpected，destructive，and unforgettable.
B．Predictable，huge，and remarkable.
C．Surprising，fortunate，and normal.
D．Terrible，confusing and shallow.
Step 3 读后——讨论深度理解
1．What’s your opinion about the attack on Pearl Harbor？(Critical thinking)
2．Why should we never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor？(Creative thinking)
Step 4 总结——课文语法填空
It was Sunday，December 7,1941.As usual，the wake up call 1.________(come) at 5：45 a．m.It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship.
Suddenly，the ship shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror.The scream of Japanese planes’ engines was deafening.Russell felt his blood freeze，but he quickly came to 2.__________(he) and rushed up to the deck.Moments later，a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell 3.__________ (throw) more than 100 meters across the ship.Louis was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.With only minor injuries，he was able to help others 4.__________ wereseverely burnt and in terrible pain.After 5.__________(receive) the order to abandon ship，Louis saved more men from the water，dragging them into the lifeboat.Russell was saved from the water，but he was badly burnt，bleeding 6.__________(heavy)．Fortunately，he was taken to hospital and survived.For many years，Russell refused 7.__________(talk) about what happened that morning，describing it simply as “hell”．
Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack,8.__________ they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona.9.__________ total，more than 2,000 American people were killed and over 1,000 others were wounded that day.More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.Although about eight decades has passed，the attack on Pearl Harbor，one of the 10.__________(dark) episodes in American history，will never be forgotten.
Step 5 解读——长句难句分析
1．Russell felt his blood freeze，but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.
[句式分析] 此句是________句。________是表示转折关系的并列词；第二个分句中，he是主语，________和________为并列谓语。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
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2．The next day，President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech，in which he described December 7 as “a date which will live in infamy” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan.
[句式分析] 此句是_________句。in which 引导的是__________从句，修饰 _____________；which引导的是__________从句，修饰先行词__________；ask后是that引导的__________从句。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3．They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor，to learn about the attack，to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.
[句式分析] 此句是__________句。主句是__________结构，四个并列的动词不定式短语作__________；__________引导定语从句，修饰先行词__________。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
4．Although about eight decades has passed，the attack on Pearl Harbor，one of the darkest episodes in American history，will never be forgotten.
[句式分析] 此句是__________句。__________引导让步状语从句；主句中the attack on Pearl Harbor是__________，one of the darkest episodes in American history是the attack on Pearl Harbor的__________。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________________________
Period 5
读前清障
Ⅰ.1.C 2.D 3.F 4.A 5.B 6.E
Ⅱ.1.came to himself 2.declared war on/against 3.get in touch with 4.make his bed 5.open up
精读课文
Step 1
Ⅰ.C
Ⅱ.1.F 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.G 6.B 7.C
Step 2
Ⅰ.A
Ⅱ.1.B 2.B 3.D 4.Russell described it as “hell”．Any topic related to the attack might awaken memories of his horrible experience.
Ⅲ.1.A 2.(1)Pearl Harbor Speech (2)the Second World War 3.B
Ⅳ.
1．The location of the USS Arizona is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge，which crosses the ship’s sunken remains.
2．D
Ⅴ.1.B 2.A
Step 4
1．came 2.himself 3.was thrown 4.who 5.receiving 6.heavily 7.to talk 8.but 9.In 10.darkest
Step 5
1．并列 but came rushed 拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了，但是他很快镇定下来，冲上了甲板。
2．复合 非限制性定语 Pearl Harbor Speech 定语 a date 宾语 次日，罗斯福总统发表了他著名的《珍珠港演说》，他在演讲中将12月7日描述成“活在耻辱中的日子”，并要求美国国会向日本宣战。
3．复合 主谓 目的状语 who those 他们前来观摩沉在珍珠港底的船只身影，了解这场突袭，向在突袭中失去生命的人致意，并且为世界和平祈祷。
4．复合 although 主语 同位语 尽管珍珠港突袭已经过去约八十年，但它仍然是美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一，永远都不会被人们遗忘。
