Period 4 Integrated skills
教材听力训练 (见课堂授课课件)
Activity 1 细节把握
1．What are the benefits of reading
2．What information can you get from the two charts
(1) is more popular than .
(2)Chinese people prefer to .
Activity 2 文章架构
Generally speaking，the report includes ， ，__________________ and .
Activity 3 增分靓句
Find sentences describing the importance of reading.
Activity 4 写作模板
According to the report found by Amy and the interview with Mr Zhou，when we write an article calling for people to do something，we can use the following outline.
A Proposal on... Dear /To ： The introduction to the proposal(the background/reasons/purpose of the proposal)： The contents of the proposal(the suggestions/requirements)： The end of the proposal(the wishes/expectations/hopes，etc.)： The name The date
本单元的写作任务是写倡议书。倡议书是为倡议或发起某项活动而写的书信，其目的是倡议展开某项有意义的活动或推行某种卓有成效的做法。倡议书遵循书信的一般格式，但由于作用的差异，在许多细微之处有所不同。倡议书的正文内容一般包括三部分：
1．开头。简明扼要地写出倡议的目的、意义和有关背景，让响应者懂得为什么要去做所倡议的活动。
2．主体。写倡议的主要内容和具体措施，最好分条列出，让响应者清楚要做什么和怎么去做。
3．结尾。写倡议者的决心和希望。要写得热情洋溢，富有鼓舞性，最好提出一个能概括全文主旨的响亮、有力的口号，让响应者既能容易记住倡议的主要内容，又能受到鼓舞。
常用表达
1．In order to.../With/For the purpose of...为了……
2．sb be supposed to do sth某人应该做某事
3．call on sb to do sth号召某人做某事
4．take action采取行动
5．appeal to sb to do sth呼吁某人做某事
6．In recent years，with the popularity of...，students pay more and more attention to...
近年来，随着……的普及，学生们越来越关注……
7．No one can deny the fact that...is getting more and more serious.
没人能否认……正变得越来越严重这个事实。
8．To solve the problem，we should do as follows.
为了解决这个问题，我们应该做到如下几点。
9．It’s high time that we took/should take measures to change the present situation.
是我们该采取措施去改变现状的时候了。
10．Please keep in mind that a small action can make a huge difference.
请记住，小的行为会产生巨大的影响。
近日，一网络平台掀起了关于读书是否重要的讨论。假如你是李华，请你针对这一讨论，以一名学生的名义写一封80词左右的倡议书，呼吁所有人要爱读书，多读书。内容须包括：
1．读书的重要性和意义；
2．读书习惯的变化；
3．存在的问题；
4．对多读书的呼吁。
注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
第一步 审题谋篇
审题
写作要求是写一封倡议书，写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇关于倡议书的应用文写作。写作时注意倡议书的写作特点。
2．主体时态：以一般现在时或者一般将来时为主。
3．主体人称：以第一人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：引出话题，发出倡议；
第二段：提出具体建议和要求；
第三段：表达希望。
第二步 遣词造句
核心词汇
1．使我们更好地理解……
2．号召某人做某事
3．随着技术进步
4．使某人方便做某事
5．同等有益
6．立即行动起来
连词成句
1．读书不仅是消遣，而且可以使我们更好地了解世界。
Reading is not only ，but it can also .
2．人们可以很容易地接触智能手机，而且它们方便了年轻人在线阅读。
Smartphones are to people，and they make it for the young to read online.
3．老年人更喜欢这些印刷的书。
Seniors these printed books.
4．我们大家是时候行动起来阅读更多的书了。
It’s time for us all to ，ready to read more books.
第三步 句式升级
1．将句1改写成倒装句。
2．用非谓语动词作状语改写句2。
3．用表语从句改写句3。
4．用虚拟语气改写句4。
第四步 组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
范文赏读
To people concerned，
The value of reading cannot be overestimated.Not only is reading recreation，but it can also better our understanding of the world，so I am writing to call on all people to read more.
With technology developing，smartphones are easily accessible to people，making it convenient for the young to read online，while these printed books are what seniors show a preference for.Therefore，we all are supposed to find a way to read.Whatever book we like，and wherever we get it，it is of equal benefit as long as the book is of nutrition and suitable to read.
In a word，it’s time that we all swung/should swing into action，ready to read more books.
Li Hua
August 10th,2023
假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，你校正在开展“创建美丽校园”的活动。请你用英语给全校学生写一封倡议书，要点包括：
1．创建美丽校园的重要性；
2．校园内存在的不文明现象；
3．你的倡议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students，
Yours，
Li HuaPeriod 2 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The professor could tell by the b look on Mary’s face that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture.
2．The difficulties on her way didn’t frighten her away but strengthened her (决心)．
3．Lacking o criteria for selection led to inequality when candidates were judged.
4．Whether these classes will be open to students depends on how many students have r for them.
5．He behaved strangely，saying nothing during the whole day，which was completely beyond c .
6．With (具体的，确实的) evidence found，the man was arrested without delay and put into prison.
7．The research shows that pre-school children are capable of thinking in (抽象的) terms.
8．The highlight of the activity is that you can experience different (职业) on one day.
9.Confucius is an outstanding language master as well as the first great (教育家) in China.
10．There is no denying that the (展望) of a month without work is appealing to each of us.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1．As a ， Beethoven a great deal of music.The Ninth Symphony is one of his finest .(compose)
2．It was first that he was the murderer，but later it turned out to be a false .(assume)
3．The said reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was___________ to future development and he also the bad behavior.(criticize)
4．The says every person should have the equal opportunity to be ，whatever his or her age is，because is important.(educate)
5．Over 300 people the job，but only one has been sent to us up to now.(inquire)
6．If you don’t to the magazine successfully, the can be cancelled within 7 days and you can get your money back.(subscribe)
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He knew that meant that he had to practise more.(动名词短语作主语)
他知道比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。
2．He made a telescope .(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
他做了一台望远镜，通过它能研究天空。
3． that perhaps she was lying.(it作形式主语)
我从未想到或许她是在说谎。
4．It is common knowledge that .
(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
离地面越高，空气就越稀薄，这是常识。
5．Everything is fine with me； .
(there is no need for...)
我一切都好，你不必担心。
resolve vt.& vi.解决；表决；决心，决定 n．决心，坚定的信念(resolution n．决议；解决；决心 resolved adj.坚决的；下定决心的)
resolve to do sth决心做某事，决定做某事 resolve on/upon (doing) sth决定/心(做)某事 make a resolution to do sth决心做某事，决定做某事 be resolved to do sth决心做某事
(1)The government swung into action，resolving the application of laws to frozen food.
(2)Once she has made a (resolve) to do something，nothing would change her mind.
→Once ，nothing would change her mind.(resolved adj.)
→Once ，nothing would change her mind.(resolve)
(3)(话题写作之文化遗产)Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors, so our country .
文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。
refresh vt.使变新；使恢复精力；使想起(refreshing adj.使人精力充沛的；使人耳目一新的 refreshed adj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的 refreshment n．恢复活力，焕发精神；茶点，点心)
refresh sb/oneself with...用……使某人/自己振奋/神清气爽 refresh one’s memory唤起某人的记忆，使某人记忆犹新
(1)I find the countryside air really ； in the morning，I can myself with a cup of coffee and eat some ，which can easily make me .(refresh)
(2)To make himself less tired and more comfortable，he refreshed himself a cool shower.
(3)These old photos .
这些旧照片唤起了我对那些我们一起度过的甜蜜日子的记忆。
inquire vi.& vt.询问，打听(inquiring adj.好奇的，爱探索的；探询的，探究的 inquiry n．调查；询问，打听)
inquire about sb/sth询问……，打听…… inquire sth of sb向某人打听(或询问)某事 inquire into sth调查某事，查问某事 hold/launch an inquiry into sth对某事进行调查 make an inquiry about询问，打听
(1)Yesterday，I inquired some knowledge of car insurance the sales consultant.
(2)But if you reply to an (inquire) from a new source，you must deal with it more carefully.
(3)All this helps children to develop an (inquire) attitude to learning.
(4)我打电话是想询问一下你在今天的报纸上刊登的职位。
①I am calling to you advertised on today’s newspaper.(inquire v．)
②I am calling to you advertised on today’s newspaper.(inquiry n．)
assumption n．假定，假设(assume vt.假定；设想)
make an assumption作出臆断；假定 on the assumption that...假定…… assume sb/sth to be/as...假定/假设某人/某物为…… It is assumed that...人们认为…… assuming (that)．..假设/假定……
(1)Equipped with a good command of skills，he is assumed the most suitable candidate.
(2)We are working on the (assume) that the presentation will take place as planned.
(3) is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.
(4)(应用文写作之招聘信)假设你对这个职位感兴趣，请在5月1日号前填写申请表并寄给我们。
→ ，
please fill in the application form and send it to us before May 15th.(assume)
→ ，
please fill in the application form and send it to us before May 15th.(assumption)
keep pace with sb/sth与……步调一致，与……并驾齐驱
pace up and down踱来踱去 set/make the pace确定步调；领先 pick up the pace加快节奏(或步伐) at one’s own pace以某人自己的节奏 at the pace of以……的速度/节奏
选词填空
(1)As the educators say, we must the new development of modern scientific research.
(2)The company is no longer in the home computer market.
(3)The train leaves at 7∶30, so he has to to get there.
(4)The knowledgeable professor believes that students should study .
make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 Be objective and make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas.
客观一点，接受新的知识和想法。(P45)
make作及物动词时，意为“使某人/某物做什么/怎么样”，其后除了接名词或代词作宾语外，还要在宾语后面加上宾语补足语，组成复合宾语。用法如下： make＋宾语＋ 当动词不定式(短语)或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，即：make＋it＋名词/形容词＋动词不定式(短语)或宾语从句。 常用于这种结构的动词还有： think，consider，find，feel，leave等。
(1)Any child caught misbehaving was made (stand) at the front of the class.
(2)Because of his limited English，he is afraid that he can’t make himself__________ (understand)．
(3)She makes a rule to keep her room neat and tidy after coming back from school.
(4)No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left (want) more next time.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
(5)Playing ping-pang will but also help you make friends sharing the same interest.
打乒乓球不仅会让你更健康，还会帮你结识与你志趣相投的朋友。
so that结构
教材原句 At the same time，you need to develop critical thinking skills so that you do not blindly accept new ideas.同时，你需要培养批判性思考能力，以免对新观点一味盲从。(P45)
本句中使用了so that结构。 so that有两个常见用法：一是可以引导结果状语从句，表示“因此，所以”的含义；二是可以引导目的状语从句，意思是“为了，以便”，从句中常含有情态动词can/could，may/might，will/would等，相当于in order that。so that有时可转换成so...that...结构。 注意：so that在引导目的状语从句时，如果主句和从句的主语一致，也可以转化成in order to do/so as to do形式的目的状语，但是so as to do作目的状语不可以放在句首。
(1)For the purpose of buying his mother a present on Mother’s Day，the little boy put every coin in his savings.
→The little boy put every coin in his savings on Mother’s Day.(目的状语从句)
(2)Please come up with a workout schedule and stick to it .
请制定一个锻炼计划并坚持下去，这样你就能很快恢复健康。
(3)We would appreciate it if you could inform us of the schedule .
如果你能把时间表告知我们，以便我们能提前安排，我们将不胜感激。
Ⅰ.一词多义
subscribe A.订阅；定期订购 或订阅等 B.同意，赞成 C.捐款
1．He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.
2．I like reading in my spare time and have subscribed to several magazines recently.
3．Many people were attracted by the education fund so that they finally subscribed some money to it.
resolve A.决心，坚定的信念 n. B.表决；决定 v. ,C.解决 v.
4．The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve.
5．We must find a way to resolve these problems before it’s too late.
6．She resolved to report the matter to the hospital’s nursing manager.
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.
2．He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.
3．She has many occupations including gardening and wine-making.Period 3 Grammar and usage—Analysis of complicated sentences
阅读以下短文，感知以下句子，并把句子序号写在下面方框中相应的句子类型后面。
(1)We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.(2)So we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.(3)Our website has many articles about teenagers’ physical and mental health.(4)You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.(5)It may not have been addressed before，but don’t worry.(6)You can visit the “teen health” forum on our website instead.(7)We are proud to say this forum is the heart of our website.(8)Users are encouraged to post their problems，and they will get advice from our health experts and other forum users.(9)Before you write your post，however，take a look at other users’ posts first.(10)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.(11)If your problem is a new one，write a post about it.(12)Our health experts will be glad to tell you what steps you can take to improve your situation.(13)There is a lot to see，so take some time to look around our website.
Simple sentences
Compound sentences
Complex sentences
一、句子的分类
英文中的句子按照结构可分为三类：简单句(Simple Sentence)；并列句(Compound Sentence)；主从复合句(Complex Sentence)。
二、简单句
1．简单句的概念和结构
(1)基本概念：简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。
(2)结构：一个主语(或并列主语)＋一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
2．简单句的分类
类型 构成
主谓 主语＋不及物动词
主谓宾 主语＋及物动词＋宾语
主系表 主语＋系动词＋表语
主谓宾宾 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
主谓宾宾补 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
There be句型 There＋be动词＋主语
典型例句：
[As a matter of fact]，many college graduates go on to pursue career [in fields (entirely unrelated to their college majors)][with little difficulty]．事实上，很多大学毕业生在与自己的大学专业完全不相关的领域追求事业并没多大困难。
分析：
本句在略去所有的状语成分后，可以简化成“...，many college graduates go on to pursue career...”，通过分析可以看到此句只有一个主谓结构，所以这是一个简单句。
It is raining heavily.(主谓)
雨下得很大。
I met John in the street yesterday.(主谓宾)
我昨天在街上遇见约翰了。
The apple pie tasted really delicious.(主系表)
这个苹果派尝起来真美味。
She gave me a book.(主谓宾宾) 她给了我一本书。
He makes me happy.(主谓宾宾补) 他使我开心。
There are many kinds of TV sets on sale in that store.(There be句型)
那家商店有很多种电视机在打折销售。
三、并列句
1．并列句的概念和结构
(1)基本概念：由并列连词(如：and，so，but，or等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。
(2)结构：并列句＝简单句＋并列连词＋简单句。
2．并列句的分类和并列连词
并列连词 举例
并列关系 and，both...and...，not only...but (also)．.., neither...nor...
转折/对比关系 but，while，yet，whereas
选择关系 or，whether...or...，either...or...，not...but...
因果关系 for，so
Find ways to praise your children often，and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。
Either you can do it by yourself，or you can ask someone else to do it.
或者你可以自己做，或者可以让别人去做。
He found it increasingly interesting to read，but his eyesight was beginning to fail.他发现阅读越来越有意思，但他的视力却开始下降。
四、主从复合句
1．基本概念
主从复合句由两个或两个以上的句子连接而成，但其中有一个主要的句子，是全句的中心所在，叫作主句，而另外的句子是次要的、从属的，只是主要句子中的一个成分，为从句。
2．主从句之间的关系
无论是主句还是从句，都有主语部分和谓语部分，都具有完整的句子结构。不同的是主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是主要句子里的成分，不能独立存在，且从句由从属连词或关系词等引导。
3．主从复合句的分类
主从复合句涵盖了三大类从句：定语从句；名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)；状语从句。
类型 分类 例句
定语 从句 限制性定语从句 Those who want to go please sign your names here. 想去的人请在这里签名。
非限制性定语从句 We will put off the outing until the next week，when we won’t be so busy.我们将把郊游推迟到下周，那时我们就不那么忙了。
名词性 从句 主语从句 Whether he will come or not is still unknown.他是否会来还不知道。
宾语从句 Please tell me whether or not you agree with him.请告诉我你是否同意他(的观点)。
表语从句 This is where I don’t agree. 这是我不赞同的地方。
同位语从句 I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她什么时候会回来。
状语 从句 时间状语从句 Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong. 一旦你反对一个人，那么他做的一切都是错的。
原因状语从句 Now that you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision. 既然你们都来了，让我们试着做出决定。
目的状语从句 We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time. 我们用航空邮件邮寄这封信，以便他们能及时收到。
结果状语从句 Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. 杰克病得很重，所以他必须休息。
条件状语从句 As long as we don’t lose heart, we will find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们不泄气，就会找到克服困难的方法。
让步状语从句 Though we fight like cat and dog, we still love each other. 虽然我们争吵得很凶，但我们仍然彼此相爱。
比较状语从句 She is still as active as she used to be. 她仍然像以前一样活跃。
方式状语从句 He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat. 他说起话来声音嘶哑。
五、并列主从复合句
并列主从复合句既含有并列分句，并列分句中又内含从句，或者说就是含有主从复合句的并列句。也就是说一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。
典型例句：
①I asked a man who did the cooking in his house.
我问了一个男人，在他家谁做饭。
②He replied that he did it more often than his wife.
他回答说，他比他妻子做得多。
分析：
根据前面的分析方法，我们对以上两个句子分别进行主谓结构的抽取。
第①个句子中有两个主谓结构，分别是“I asked a man”和“who did the cooking...”。其中“I asked a man”为主句，而“who did the cooking...”则为who引导的宾语从句，作ask的宾语。所以这是一个主从复合句。
第②个句子中有两个主谓结构，分别是“He replied”和“that he did it more often than his wife”。先确定主句为“He replied”，后面则为replied的宾语从句，由that引导。所以该句也是一个主从复合句。
③I asked a man who did the cooking in his house，and he replied that he did it more often than his wife.
我问了一个男人，在他家谁做饭，他回答说，他比他妻子做得多。
分析：
对比这三个句子可以发现，第③个句子中加入了并列连词and，所以这就变成了并列主从复合句。
完成下列语段
我很抱歉通知你，你的讲座必须在网上进行。因为大厅里的设备坏了，需要修理，我们别无选择，只能重新安排你的讲座。我想知道您是否有可能在本周六晚上举行线上会议。如果您有任何问题或建议，请随时与我联系以获取更多信息。对于我们可能造成的任何不便，我深表歉意。你的早日答复是我们所期待的。
1． your lecture will have to be made online.2. and needs repairing，we have no choice but to rearrange your lecture.I wonder 3._____________________ conduct an online conference this Saturday evening.4. ，do feel free to contact me for further information.I deeply apologize for any inconvenience 5. . Your early reply is 6. .Period 6 Extended reading & Other parts—Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Susan has a c in drama education，which qualifies her as a drama player.
2．The dress is too t for me so I have to exchange for a bigger size.
3．He has changed a great deal over the past year，becoming (成熟的) and responsible.
4．She decided to head for the (宿舍) to take another look，hoping to find her lost dictionary.
5．I’ve just made a rough d of the letter，which needs to be polished up later.
6．I came across him in the school c ，where he was helping serve the meals to the students.
7．Having finished all her homework，she (跳动) up and down excitedly on the bed.
8．His (能力) is not in question but what I am worried about is his casual attitude.
9．When he heard the news that he was fired，his (前额) was bunched in a frown.
10．When writing a composition， leave two blank spaces at the beginning of each (段落)．
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1．With to global warming, the professor to it at least three times in his class.(reference)
2．He lived in an family，where he couldn’t have received education. However，with the of the network，he was well educated and finally became a lawyer.(extend)
3．With many paper and working experience, I believe I am well___________ for the position.(qualify)
4．The who has worked in several is making great contributions to the local youngster’s education.(library)
5．She found a that suited her best，but before on duty，she must receive some necessary training.(vocation)
Ⅲ.完成句子
1． because they are always on a tight budget.(否定词放句首引起的倒装)
他们很少出去吃饭，因为他们总是预算紧张。
2． (do表强调)
我真希望你将再次来中国。
3．But ，the telephones which were in the same room started ringing.(as soon as 引导时间状语从句)
而节目一结束，在同一房间里的电话就开始响了起来。
4．In the end program .(过去分词短语作后置定语)
最后威尔逊(Wilson)提出的计划被采用了。
5．We must do everything in our power to protect the ocean .(before引导时间状语从句)
在海洋环境变得更糟糕前，我们必须要竭尽全力去保护它。
reference n．参考；提到；推荐信vt.查阅，参考(refer v．谈及；提到；查阅，参考)
reference books/materials参考书/参考资料 for reference供参考 in/with reference to关于；根据……而论 refer to谈到，提到，指的是；查阅，参考；涉及，与……相关 refer to...as...把……称作……
(1)The statistics may not be accurate，so they are only for your (refer)．
(2)You are not allowed to throughout the whole examination.
在整个考试过程中，不允许查阅任何参考书。
(3)(话题写作之人物介绍)Teacher Zhang Guimei Mum Zhang by her students.
张桂梅老师经常被她的学生们称为张妈妈。
(4)(2021·全国甲)I am writing to ask for your advice appeal to foreigners most.我写信是想寻求您的建议，关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人。
presentation n．幻灯片演示；提交；授予；展示会；演出(present v．颁发，授予；提出，提交；呈现，展现n.礼物，礼品；目前adj.当前的；出席的，在场的)
give a presentation介绍，展示；举办展示会 on presentation of持有，出示 present sb with sth＝present sth to sb颁发/授予……给某人 at present ＝for the present目前，现在 be present at出席
(1)To attract more potential customers，the sales manager will give a (present) on the new tablets online.
(2)My objective the present is to study hard and pass the oral exam.
(3)The headmaster will present all the prizes to the winners after the reading contest.
→The headmaster will after the reading contest.
(4)Some artists enjoying a high reputation .
一些享有盛誉的艺术家将出席开幕式。
compose oneself 使自己镇定下来(compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 composer n．作曲家 composition n．构图；构成；成分；作品；作曲艺术)
be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of由……组成
(1)Believe it or not，the great ，which is of three parts，was by an amateur .(compose)
(2)Faced with the dilemma，he was firstly upset and anxious， .
面对这种进退两难的局面，他起初感到烦恼和焦虑，但很快就镇定下来了。
(3)海水主要由水和盐组成。
①The sea water water and salt.(compose)
②The sea water water and salt.(consist)
③The sea water water and salt.(make up)
before 引导时间状语从句
教材原句 Before I knew it，the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life.不知不觉中，典礼结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。(P53)
本句中before引导时间状语从句。 before最基本的用法表示“在……之前”，也可以灵活翻译： 在“It＋be＋时间段＋before 从句”中，before意为“……之后才……”。若before从句时态为一般现在时，则主句用一般将来时；若before从句时态为一般过去时，则主句用一般过去时或过去完成时。 在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，before意为“……不久就……”。
(1)写出下列句子中before的汉语意思
①Before they reached the stadium，the match had begun.
②It will be a few years before we can make a breakthrough in this research.
③It will not be long before we get rid of the trouble in finance.
④He took the bad news out of his mouth before I could stop him.
(2)He (study) Chinese for one year he came to China.
(3)How time flies.
时光飞逝。离我们高中毕业只有一个月的时间了。
little 置于句首引起的部分倒装
教材原句 Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.
我未曾想到，自己即将经历生命中最美好的四年。(P53)
该句为否定副词little置于句首引起的部分倒装句式。 在正式文体中，表示否定意义的副词、短语位于句首时，其后要使用部分倒装。部分倒装的结构为：be/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has/had)＋主语。 常见的否定意义的副词、短语有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，nowhere，in no way，by no means等等。
(1)Seldom (do) he go out to eat because he enjoys cooking at home.
(2)Little (do) I think that I would pursue fashion design as my job and qualify as a fashion designer eventually.
(3)I had no sooner sat down than there was a loud knock on the door.
→No sooner .
(4)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The twins would in no case give in to their failure in cooking the breakfast.
→In no case .
(5) ，but also he brought her a nice birthday present.
他不仅出席了聚会，还给她带来了一份漂亮的生日礼物。
Ⅰ.一词多义
polish A.v.修改，润饰 B.v.擦光，磨光 C.n.完美，娴熟，精湛
1．I advise you to polish up your article once more before you send it to the editor.
2．His writing has potential but lacks polish.
3．The young man has formed a habit of polishing his shoes before he leaves home.
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．He bounced ideas off colleagues everywhere he went.
2．There was tremendous applause when the curtain came down.
3．The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor.Unit 4 Never too old to learn
Period 1
读前清障
Ⅰ.1.C 2.D 3.E 4.B 5.F 6.A
Ⅱ.1.keep pace with 2.be bound to 3.take advantage of 4.In summary 5.subscribes to
精读课文
Step 1
Ⅰ.A
Ⅱ.Para.1 D Para.2 A Para.3 B Para.4 C
Step 2
Ⅰ.1.B 2.B
Ⅱ.A
Ⅲ.1.B 2.A
Ⅳ.D
Ⅴ.1.A 2.C
Step 4
1．acquiring 2.be exposed 3.beneficial 4.an 5.yourself 6.simply 7.opportunities 8.where 9.to know 10.In
Step 5
1．复合 时间状语 宾语 主语 定语 宾语
当我走在人生的旅途中时，我开始领悟到，求知不光是让你能更好地了解世界的一种手段，也是洞悉自己作为个体还有多少未知的一种方式。
2．复合 时间状语 形式主语 主语 像……一样……
当我在画静物时，我意识到，成功的构图中，物体之间的留白和实际的物体本身一样关键。
3．复合 宾语 suggest acknowledge 对某人来说做某事没必要
这并不是说学校教育对你来说没有必要，而是承认通过终身学习来更新你的知识是必不可少且十分有益的。
4．复合 宾语 know 宾语 that all
因此，要知道自己知道什么并运用所知；要知道自己不知道什么并接纳未知；要知道人生有涯而知无涯，对未知保有一颗敬畏之心。
Period 2
基础知识巩固
Ⅰ.1.blank 2.resolve 3.objective 4.registered 5.comprehension 6.concrete 7.abstract 8.occupations
9．educator 10.prospect
Ⅱ.1.composer；composed；compositions 2.assumed；assumption 3.critic；critical；criticized 4.educator；educated；education 5.inquired；inquiry 6.subscribe；subscription
Ⅲ.1.being shorter than other players
2．through which he could study the skies
3．It never occurred to me
4．the higher the ground is，the thinner the air becomes
5．there is no need for you to be concerned
核心考点突破
1．(1)on/upon (2)resolution；she has been resolved to do something；she has resolved to do something/resolved on/upon something (3)has resolved to spare no effort to protect them
2．(1)refreshing；refresh；refreshments；refreshed (2)with (3)refresh my memories of the sweet days (that/which) we spent together
3．(1)of (2)inquiry (3)inquiring (4)①inquire about the position ②make an inquiry about the position
4．(1)as (2)assumption (3)It (4)Assuming (that) you are interested in the position；On the assumption that you are interested in the position
5．(1)keep pace with (2)setting the pace (3)pick up the pace (4)at their own pace
6．(1)to stand (2)understood (3)it (4)wanting (5)not only make you healthier
7．(1)so that/in order that he could buy his mother a present (2)so that you can recover soon (3)so that we can make arrangements in advance.
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B
Ⅱ.1.茫然的 2.摘要，概要 3.消遣，业余活动
Period 3
语境感悟
(2)(3)(4)(6) (5)(8)(13) (1)(7)(9)(10)(11)(12)
达标检测
1．I’m sorry to inform you that 2.Because the equipment in the hall broke down 3.if/whether it is possible for you to
4．If you have any problem or suggestion 5.(that) we may have caused 6.what we are expecting
Period 4
细读文本
Activity 1
1．Not only is it recreation，but it also lights a lamp in the mind，bettering our understanding of the world around us.
2．(1)Reading digital materials；reading printed materials
(2)digital reading；print reading
Activity 2
title；importance of reading；results of the survey；charts
Activity 3
1．The value of reading cannot be overestimated.
2．Not only is it recreation，but it also lights a lamp in the mind，bettering our understanding of the world around us.
写作指导
核心词汇
1．better our understanding of... 2.call on sb to do sth
3．with technology developing 4.make it convenient for sb to do sth 5.be of equal benefit 6.swing into action
连词成句
1．recreation；better our understanding of the world
2．easily accessible；convenient
3．prefer to read/show a preference for
4．swing into action
第三步 句式升级
1．Not only is reading recreation，but it can also better our understanding of the world.
2．Smartphones are easily accessible to people，making it convenient for the young to read online.
3．These printed books are what seniors prefer to read/show a preference for.
4．It’s time that we all swung/should swing into action，ready to read more books.
达标检测
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Dear fellow students，
I’m writing to call on everyone to take an active part in building a beautiful campus.
As we know，an attractive campus can make our learning pleasant.However，there are some bad behaviours among students，such as running on the lawn，picking off flowers，etc.These deeds have already done great harm to our school environment and it’s time that we did something to change the situation.I think everyone is responsible for the beauty of our campus.Every effort matters.
Take action now and we can make a big difference in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
Period 5
读前清障
Ⅰ.1.F 2.C 3.E 4.B 5.D 6.A
Ⅱ.1.hold on to 2.in a flash 3.Reflect on 4.compose himself 5.bounce ideas off
精读课文
Step 1
Ⅰ.A
Ⅱ.Para.1 D Para.2 B Para.3 E Para.4 C Para.5 A Para.6 F
Step 2
Ⅰ.1.A 2.D
Ⅱ.C
Ⅲ.1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A
Ⅳ.A
Ⅴ.1.D 2.C 3.A
Step 4
1．had disappeared 2.reflecting 3.slightly 4.to experience
5．that 6.designed 7.projects 8.what 9.a 10.more confident
Step 5
1．复合 时间状语 并列
不知不觉中，典礼结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。
2．复合 时间状语 定语 that/which the reference books 后置定语 an outline
在我刚收到第二份作业时，我就直奔图书馆，查阅研究所需的文献，然后定提纲、写初稿。
3．并列 比较级 主系表
经过仔细校订和润色之后，结果是比上一稿好很多的文章，并且在截止日期前几天它就在书桌抽屉里，随时可交。
4．形式主语 that 并列 宾语 主谓宾 谓语
很快我就开始明白，许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的，并且他们的确真心实意地关注学生的智力发展。
Period 6
基础知识巩固
Ⅰ.1.certificate 2.tight 3.mature 4.dormitory 5.draft 6.cafeteria 7.bounced 8.competence 9.forehead
10．paragraph
Ⅱ.1.reference；referred 2.extended；extensive；extension
3．qualifications；qualified 4.librarian；libraries 5.vocation；vocational
Ⅲ.1.Seldom do they go out to eat 2.I do hope you’ll come to China again. 3.as soon as the programme was over
4．offered by Wilson was adopted 5.before it gets worse
核心考点突破
1．(1)reference (2)refer to any reference books (3)is often referred to as (4)in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures
2．(1)presentation (2)for (3)present the winners with all the prizes (4)will be present at the opening ceremony
3．(1)composition；composed；composed；composer (2)but soon composed himself (3)①is mainly composed of
②mainly consists of ③is mainly made up of
4．(1)①在……之前 ②要过……才…… ③(过不了多久)就…… ④还没来得及就…… (2)had studied；before (3)It will be only a month before we graduate from high school.
5．(1)does (2)did (3)had I sat down than there was a loud knock on the door (4)would the twins give in to their failure in cooking the breakfast (5)Not only was he present at the party
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.B
Ⅱ.1.(向某人)透露主意 2.幕布 3.(意见等的)征求，征询ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume1 that the human brain is set on “automatic2”—that means it learns all by itself. But this isn’t always true. We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on3 what we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. I suggest doing three things to take an active role in your learning.
Listen to the outer voice
There are two kinds of voices：the inner voice and the outer voice. Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read. Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of4 learning. If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information. Instead, active learners are open minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying in the background. In this way, they are in a better position to make decisions.
Argue with your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do. When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right. Be flexible5 in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all. If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote6 active learning. When you get information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic. The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic. In short7：Do not stop being curious.
(改编自北师大版新教材必修第三册UNIT 9)
词汇积累1.assume / 'sju m/ vt.认为；假定，假设
2．automatic / t 'm t k/ adj.自动的；无意识的
3．reflect on考虑，认真思考；反思
4．get in the way of挡……的路；妨碍
5．flexible /'fleks b l/ adj.灵活的，可变通的
6．promote /pr 'm t/ vt.促进，增进
7．in short总而言之；简单地说
Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension
Ⅰ.匹配单词
1．educator A．a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen，although there is no proof
2．refresh B．to record sb’s name on an official list
3．objective C．a person whose job is to teach or educate people
4．register D．to make sb feel less tired or less hot
5．cease E．not influenced by personal feelings or opinions
6．assumption F．to stop sth from happening or existing
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Our school librarian walked so fast that I could hardly her.
2．Everyone will support the result according to the scientific statistic.
3．We intend to this drill to improve students’ competence in English.
4． ， I think it’s very important to keep the balance between study and recreation.
5．Every year our school a large number of newspapers and magazines for us students.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the passage mainly about
A．We should be lifelong learners.
B．We are living in a rapidly changing world.
C．We had better accept new ideas completely.
D．We should be content with our current situations.
Ⅱ.悉层次结构
Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Reasons for lifelong learning.
Para.2 B．Ways of lifelong learning.
Para.3 C．One should never cease to learn.
Para.4 D．It is important to understand how much you do not know.
Step 2 细读——逐段获取细节
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What does the word “this” in “The ability to admit this...” in paragraph 1 most probably refer to
A．The journey through life.
B．The fact that you have something unknown.
C．The way to acquire new knowledge.
D．The way to understand the world.
2．Why is Confucius mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To indicate that we should show much respect for Confucius.
B．To prove that it is important to admit there is a lot to learn.
C．To make us aware that acquiring knowledge is the only means of learning.
D．To tell us how to recognize what we do not know.
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercise.
What can we infer from paragraph 2
A．Being a lifelong learner is both essential and beneficial.
B．Working in new environments is hard but rewarding.
C．Revising what we already know can assist us to solve the current difficulties.
D．Keeping up with the latest developments can help you find a good job.
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Who is likely to become a lifelong learner
A．A man who is good at studying.
B．A man who is objective and open minded.
C．A person who likes to make critical comments.
D．A person who is unwilling to put what he learned into practice.
2．What do lifelong learners need to do in order not to accept new ideas blindly
A．Develop critical thinking skills.
B．Have positive attitudes towards new technology.
C．Make themselves open to new knowledge and ideas.
D．Reject new knowledge that differs from what they know.
Ⅳ.Read Para.4 carefully and do the following exercise.
Which of the following is NOT the reason why one should never cease to learn
A．Lifelong learning will help you develop your skills and further your career.
B．Lifelong learning will boost your sense of self worth.
C．Lifelong learning will keep your mind active.
D．Lifelong learning will enable you to know everything.
Ⅴ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises.
1．The author uses the following writing techniques EXCEPT .
A．giving definitions B．quoting
C．listing D．giving examples
2．What is the author’s attitude towards lifelong learning
A．Doubtful. B．Neutral.
C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.
Step 3 读后——讨论深度理解
1．Why do you think learning is important？(Critical thinking)
2．What would you do when learning is tough and frustrating？(Creative thinking)
Step 4 总结——课文语法填空
As I journey through my life，I have become aware that 1. (acquire) knowledge is not only a way to better understand the world，but also a way of appreciating how much you do not know.
As you progress through life，you may study and work in new environments.Consequently，you will 2. (expose) to many new ideas，beliefs，practices and learning experiences.So refreshing your knowledge with lifelong learning is both essential and 3.__________ (benefit)．
So，how can you proceed Firstly，lifelong learning is an attitude.Lifelong learners are those who have 4. open mind.Be objective and make 5. (you) open to new knowledge and ideas.Do not criticize them or reject them 6. (simple) because they differ from what you know or believe.Secondly，take advantage of 7. (opportunity) for lifelong learning.You could register online and subscribe to e learning courses，which have been increasingly popular in recent years.You could also visit the local library 8. resources are rich and diverse.Finally，understand that it is not sufficient 9. (know) something or to understand what you know，because knowledge must be applied.
10． summary，in a world of constant change，one should never cease to learn.
Step 5 解读——长句难句分析
1．As I journey through my life，I have become aware that acquiring knowledge is not only a means by which you can better understand the world，but also a way of appreciating how much，as an individual，you do not know.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。As引导 从句；that引导 从句，acquiring knowledge为动名词短语作从句的 ，by which引导 从句；how much引导 从句。
[自主翻译]
2．When I drew a still life，it was impressed upon me that the blank spaces between the objects were just as vital to the success of the composition as the actual objects themselves.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。When引导 从句；主句中it是 ，后面的that引导的从句是真正的 ；that从句中包括“as＋adj.＋as＋n.”结构，意为“ ”。
[自主翻译]
3．This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that refreshing your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。两个that引导的都是 从句，分别作动词________和 的宾语；there is no need for sb to do sth意思是“ ”。
[自主翻译]
4．Therefore，know what you know and use it; know what you do not know and embrace it; know that you will never know all there is to know and wonder at it.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。两个what引导的都是 从句，分别作动词_______的宾语；that引导的是 从句；there is to know...是省略关系代词 的定语从句，先行词是 。
[自主翻译] Period 5 Extended reading—Reading comprehension
Ⅰ.匹配单词
1．competence A．feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you’re not able to balance
2．random B．to make changes to sth in order to improve it
3．tight C．done or chosen without any regular pattern
4．polish D．to jump up and down on sth
5．bounce E．held or fixed in position firmly; difficult to move or undo
6．dizzy F．the ability to do sth well
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．She managed to her job when several of her colleagues lost theirs.
2．He was excited to be the winner of the contest，but his excitement disappeared when he knew he actually ranked second.
3． where your genuine interest lies，and then decide what you will learn in university.
4．Tom took a deep breath before giving a presentation，trying to .
5．The members of the literature club would meet and each other in the school cafeteria on a regular basis.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A．A university student’s reflection on his four years of university life when graduating.
B．How to make preparations for university life.
C．Taking full advantage of university life is of great importance.
D．How to become successful in university.
Ⅱ.悉层次结构
Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．My memory about visiting my favourite professor.
Para.2 B．My very first day about arriving at university.
Para.3 C．My memory about cooperating with my classmates on group projects.
Para.4 D．During my graduation ceremony，I was receiving my degree certificate and reflected on those four years.
Para.5 E．My memory about working on my first assignment.
Para.6 F．Returning to the moment，I am more confident about my future.
Step 2 细读——逐段获取细节
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．How did the author feel when he was waiting for receiving his degree certificate
A．Happy but anxious.
B．Worried and anxious.
C．Happy and relieved.
D．Excited and delighted.
2．In the writer’s opinion，his university life .
A．offered him nothing
B．got him more anxious
C．got him less confident
D．passed very quickly
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercise.
How did the author feel on his first day at the university
A．He was excited.
B．He was hopeful.
C．He was nervous.
D．He was disappointed.
Ⅲ.Read Paras.3－5 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What is the correct order used by the author to finish his studies after he finished his first assignment
①write a draft
②create an outline
③edit and polish carefully
④head straight for the library to find the reference books
A．①②③④ B．④②①③
C．④③②① D．①④②③
2．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 3
A．Asking for advice is essential when faced with difficulties.
B．Setting out to work immediately as soon as you receive it is important.
C．Staying up late will make people ill.
D．Turning to the library for help can help you finish your work ahead of time.
3．Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “a solo effort” in paragraph 4
A．Singing alone.
B．Working hard.
C．Working individually.
D．Learning new knowledge.
4．The phrase “dawned on me” in paragraph 5 can be replaced by “ ”．
A．made me aware
B．made me interested
C．made me surprised
D．made me inspired
Ⅳ.Read Para.6 carefully and do the following exercise.
What is the author’s attitude to his future life
A．Optimistic and confident.
B．Uncertain and pessimistic.
C．Determined but nervous.
D．Expected but scared.
Ⅴ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises.
1．Which of the following is the purpose of the passage
A．To prove a theory.
B．To tell us a funny story.
C．To advertise the author’s university.
D．To look back on unforgettable experiences in college.
2．Where will you probably read such a passage
A．A travel brochure.
B．A financial magazine.
C．A college website.
D．A commercial newspaper.
3．What’s the tone of this article
A．Warm and casual.
B．Friendly and formal.
C．Serious and formal.
D．Indifferent and informal.
Step 3 读后——讨论深度理解
1．How will parents treat the author in the future？(Creative thinking)
2．Does graduating from the university mean the end of learning Why？(Critical thinking)
Step 4 总结——课文语法填空
My university life
Happy but anxious，I was waiting to receive my degree certificate.Before I knew it，the ceremony was over.Four years 1. (disappear) in a flash.I couldn’t help 2.____________ (reflect) on those four years.
Firstly，when arriving at university on my first day，I could feel my hands sweating 3.___________ (slight) and I saw many anxious parents and excited students.Little did I know that I was about 4. (experience) the best four years of my life.Secondly，I remembered working on my first assignment.It was so difficult 5. I left it to the last minute.With the deadline approaching，I had to stay up late to complete it.Unsurprisingly，it wasn’t a good essay.From then on，I determined to use another approach 6. (design) to finish it quickly.Thirdly，when cooperating with my classmates on group 7.__________ (project)，I realized that working with others could be more productive than working independently.I also remembered visiting my favourite professor and I came to know many university professors are quite willing to share 8. they know，and that they do take 9._________ genuine interest in their students’ intellectual development.
Returning to the moment，not only am I now more intellectually prepared for the world of work，but I am also 10. (confident) about my own abilities.
Step 5 解读——长句难句分析
1．Before I knew it，the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。before引导的是 从句；主句是由and连接的________ 句。
[自主翻译]
2．As soon as I received the next assignment，I headed straight for the library to find the reference books I needed for my research，and then created an outline followed by a draft.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。As soon as引导的是 从句；I needed for...是一个 从句，省略了关系代词 ，修饰先行词 ；followed by...是过去分词短语作 ，修饰前面的 。
[自主翻译]
3．After careful editing and polishing，the result was a much better essay than the last，and it was ready in my desk drawer days before the deadline.
[句式分析] 本句是由and连接的 句。and前面是一个含有 结构的简单句；and后面是一个 结构的简单句。
[自主翻译]
4．It soon dawned on me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know，and they do take a genuine interest in their students’ intellectual development.
[句式分析] 此句是复合句。It是 ，真正的主语是 引导的主语从句；此主语从句中包含and连接的两个 句，第一个分句中what引导的是 从句，第二个分句是一个 结构的简单句，其中do强调 。
[自主翻译]
