2024年高考英语二轮复习满分策略专题13 完形填空说明文题型学案（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024年高考英语二轮复习满分策略专题13 完形填空说明文题型学案（含解析） |  | |
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专题13 完形填空通关练
（说明文）
完形填空说明文解题策略
名校优选完形填空专项通关练
【解题策略】
完形填空常考体裁为记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议文。说明文类完形填空一般在首句提出说明的对象。常见的有人物介绍、地点介绍、节日、习俗介绍、实验报告等。说明文表诉严谨、内容客观真实、语言简练。说明文一般按照一定的顺序，如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑关系等条理清晰的展开。
解题步骤
速读浏览大意：快速阅读全文，通过浏览全文，领会大意，了解文章体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节和写作风格等。
初填扣文意：先易后难，瞻前顾后，紧扣全文内容展开逻辑推理。注意从上下文中寻找线索，同时注意句法、词汇的意义、搭配等多角度综合考虑。
复读再核查：根据多角度衡量试填后，把全文再通读一遍，确保用词准确、语义连贯。所选答案填入空格处应当做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整、逻辑严谨、首尾呼应。
解题策略
1. 抓住首句: 说明文的首句一般就指出了说明对象，即“开篇点题”。指明了方向，对解答问题具有指导下作用。
2. 上下求索找线索：说明文类的文章上下文逻辑很严谨，在阅读时，对特定的语境应做深入的理解。根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空的关键。从近年高考真题看，高考完形越来越侧重对语篇的考查，信息的逻辑推理判断。单词的考查以实词为主，虚词为辅。侧重动词（短语）、名词、形容词的考查。词语在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息需借助上下文甚至全文语境的限定才能准确得出答案。
3. 文化背景、生活常识找线索：解题时，需调动文化背景知识和生活常识，同时还应当注意中西方文化的差异。
4. 语篇标志性逻辑词找线索：句子与句子之间，语篇之中经常给出表明逻辑关系的词语如，表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, now, later, from now/then on,等。
表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, thirdly, besides等。
表示因果关系的so, therefore, because, thus, since, as, owing to, due to等。
表示转折关系的but, however, while, on the other hand等。
表示并列关系的and, also, as well se等。
习惯用法和词语辨析：从近年高考真题看，词、词组的词语辨析试题比重呈加大的趋势。主要考查习惯用法、同义词、近义词等。
【名校优选专项通关练】
1.（2024·浙江嘉兴·高三校考阶段练习）
The Poseidon Effect
Late one autumn day at the local swimming pool in Ancenis, France, an 18-year-old named Jean LeRoy came for his regular evening swim in the 25-metre pool.
When people are drowning, they don’t usually shout and 1 in the way it happens on television. Most people drown quite 2 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water. On the evening, LeRoy was testing how far he could swim underwater 3 one breath. At some moment, as he was doing this, he became unconscious. 4 he tried he couldn’t breathe. He sank to the bottom of the pool. LeRoy was drowning.
Luckily for him, the swimming pool was 5 with an electronic surveillance system called Poseidon. Although the human lifeguards had not noticed, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching the whole thing. Poseidon has underwater cameras which 6 people as they swim. The cameras are connected to a computer. It is 7 to recognize 8 a swimmer is not moving normally. The lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device that 9 when the computer detected a possible problem. Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed LeRoy’s body, the lifeguards had pulled him out of the pool. He started breathing again. After one night in hospital, he was sent home completely 10 . Poseidon had saved his life.
Machines like Poseidon completely change how we live. Think of your life before the answering machine was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced. The change will be just as great. It is 11 happening.
Soon, machines will recognize our faces and our fingerprints. They will 12 for drowning people, for 13 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients. Imagine devices that monitor a baby’s breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 14 quiet signals to nearby computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police. As time passes, more and more of our lives will be 15 by machines. They will know all about us.
1．A．splash B．cry C．yell D．scream
2．A．soon B．quietly C．silently D．simply
3．A．in B．within C．over D．on
4．A．No matter how B．However C．Whoever D．Whatever
5．A．established B．installed C．set D．equipped
6．A．show B．film C．propagate D．outline
7．A．postulated B．made C．programmed D．relayed
8．A．whether B．when C．while D．if
9．A．alarmed B．beeped C．warned D．alerted
10．A．healthy B．normal C．safe D．well
11．A．always B．merely C．readily D．already
12．A．watch out B．take care C．look back D．go over
13．A．terrorists B．invalids C．senators D．tyrants
14．A．will send B．to send C．send D．sending
15．A．recorded B．checked C．monitored D．supervised
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了Poseidon电子监控系统如何改变我们的生活方式，以及它如何帮助拯救溺水者的生命。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人们溺水时，他们通常不会像电视上那样大喊大叫、四处扑腾。A. splash拍水；B. cry哭泣；C. yell大喊；D. scream尖叫。根据后文“Most people drown quite 2 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water.”可知，大多数人溺水时很安静，很快就沉到水下，所以不会大喊大叫、四处扑腾。故选A项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数人溺水时很安静，很快就沉到水下。A. soon很快；B. quietly安静地；C. silently无声地；D. simply仅仅。根据前文“they don’t usually shout”可知，不会大喊大叫，所以沉默无声地。故选C项。
3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：晚上，LeRoy正在测试他一口气能在水下游多远。A. in在……里面；B. within在内部；C. over在……期间；D. on在……上。根据后文“one breath”可知，此处是固定搭配：on one breath意为“一口气”。故选D项。
4．考查状语连接词辨析。句意：无论他怎么努力，他都无法呼吸。A. No matter how不管怎样；B. However不管怎样；C. Whoever无论是谁；D. Whatever无论什么。根据后文“he tried he couldn’t breathe”可知，此处表达“不管怎样”之意，又However是比较正式的用语，大都用于书面语，口语中较少使用；no matter how则比较口语化，它的语势比however重，故常用在强调的场合。故选B项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，游泳池安装了一个名为“波塞冬”的电子监控系统。A. established建立；B. installed安装；C. set设置；D. equipped装备。根据后文“an electronic surveillance system”可知，电子监控系统应该是被安装在游泳池。故选B项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：波塞冬有水下摄像机，可以拍摄人们游泳的过程。A. show显示；B. film拍摄；C. propagate传播；D. outline概述。根据前文“Poseidon has underwater cameras”可知，摄像机是用来拍摄的。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的程序是，当游泳者不正常移动时，它就会识别出来。A. postulated假设；B. made制造；C. programmed编写程序；D. relayed转发。根据前文“an electronic surveillance system called Poseidon”可知，Poseidon是一个电子监控系统，所以应是被编程。故选C项。
8．考查状语连接词辨析。句意：它的程序是，当游泳者不正常移动时，它就会识别出来。A. whether是否；B. when当……时；C. while与……同时；D. if如果。根据后文“a swimmer is not moving normally.”可知，此处表达“当游泳者不正常移动时”之意。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安塞尼斯游泳池的救生员都戴着一种特殊的设备，当电脑检测到可能出现的问题时，它就会发出哔哔声。A. alarmed使担心；B. beeped发出哔哔声；C. warned警告；D. alerted使警惕。根据前文“The lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device”可知，救生员带着装置，由常识推断，这个装置应是提醒救生员有人需要救援，所以应是发出哔哔声进行提醒。故选B项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院住了一夜之后，他完全康复出院了。A. healthy健康的；B. normal正常的；C. safe安全的；D. well状态良好。根据后文“Poseidon had saved his life.”可知，波塞冬救了他的命，所以他是完全恢复了。故选D项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这已经发生了。A. always总是；B. merely仅；C. readily乐意地；D. already已经。根据前文“Think of your life before the answering machine was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced.”可知，作者的举例都是已发生的事。故选D项。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会小心溺水的人、携带炸弹的恐怖分子、超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患者。A. watch out提防；B. take care当心；C. look back回顾；D. go over仔细检查。根据后文“for drowning people, for 13 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients.”可知，对于溺水的人，超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患者都应该小心。故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会小心溺水的人、携带炸弹的恐怖分子、超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患者。A. terrorists恐怖分子；B. invalids病弱者；C. senators参议员；D. tyrants暴君。根据后文“carrying bombs”可知，携带炸弹，应是恐怖分子。故选A项。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，机器向附近的计算机发送安静的信号，这些计算机将向你的医生、律师和当地警察发送信息。A. will send将发送；B. to send去发送；C. send发送；D. sending发送。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词Imagine，所以send用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语machines之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选D项。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们越来越多的生活将被机器监控。A. recorded记录；B. checked检查；C. monitored监视；D. supervised监督。根据前文“Imagine devices that monitor a baby’s breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 14 quiet signals to nearby computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police.”可知，我们越来越多的生活将被机器监控。故选C项。
2.（2024·湖南邵阳·高三邵阳市第二中学校考阶段练习）
When working in person, most of us have a natural understanding of non-verbal (非语言的) signals. That is to say, all the ways in which we 16 work out without words. 17 , in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less 18 .
Many work 19 now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off.
Parts of non-verbal communication have always 20 outside face-to-face interaction, of course. For example, these unnoticeable 21 could begin with a profile picture on your CV (简历); even deciding whether or not to add an emoji (表情图标) in a work group chat can change the 22 of the interaction.
Yet the new workplace shift in where and how we work has 23 the world of non-verbal communication greatly. For instance, in video calls, backgrounds can give all sorts of non-verbal 24 about co-workers’ lifestyles, 25 and level of professionalism.
Let’s say if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin (下巴), 26 others to look up, you begin to dislike him or her, almost 27 . Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 28 how likeable people are noticed to be.
In a new world where 29 working is rapidly developing, being willing to engage non-verbally makes it 30 to understand others and to be understood.
16．A．unite B．communicate C．recognize D．cooperate
17．A．Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore
18．A．important B．separable C．adventurous D．flexible
19．A．conditions B．conversations C．seats D．paces
20．A．survived B．proved C．transformed D．existed
21．A．signals B．maps C．journeys D．articles
22．A．milestone B．analysis C．feel D．study
23．A．quitted B．expanded C．failed D．reduced
24．A．information B．change C．application D．concern
25．A．meetings B．suggestions C．interests D．videos
26．A．inspiring B．forcing C．permitting D．warning
27．A．continuously B．willingly C．carefully D．instantly
28．A．impact B．accomplish C．report D．harm
29．A．specific B．general C．remote D．abstract
30．A．easier B．harder C．more traditional D．more exciting
【答案】
16．B 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。当面工作时，我们大多数人对非语言信号有一种自然的理解，但是在远程工作迅速发展的时代，这种交流似乎不那么重要了，但是愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，我们交流的所有方式都不用言语。A. unite团结；B. communicate交流；C. recognize认出；D. cooperate合作。根据下文“in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less ____3__”可知，此处是指交流的所有方式。故选B。
17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在数字工作空间中，这种交流似乎不那么重要了。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“this kind of communication can seem less”可知，此处和前文构成转折关系。故选B。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. important重要的；B. separable可分离的；C. adventurous勇于冒险的，敢于创新的；D. flexible灵活的。根据后文“and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off (甚至视频会议也可以在关闭摄像头的情况下进行)”可知，此处是指在数字工作空间中这种交流似乎不那么重要了。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，许多工作对话都是通过在线聊天进行的，甚至视频会议也可以在关闭摄像头的情况下进行。A. conditions条件；B. conversations对话；C. seats座位；D. paces节奏。根据下文“via online chats”可知，此处是指许多工作对话。故选B。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。A. survived幸存；B. proved证明；C. transformed转变；D. existed存在。根据上文“Parts of non-verbal communication”和下文“of course”可知，此处是指部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。故选D。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，这些不引人注意的信号可以从你简历上的头像开始；甚至决定是否在工作组聊天中添加表情符号也会改变互动的感觉。A. signals信号；B. maps地图；C. journeys旅行；D. articles文章。根据上文“Parts of non-verbal communication”可知，此处是指这些不引人注意的信号。故选A。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. milestone里程碑；B. analysis分析；C. feel感觉；D. study研究。根据上文“whether or not to add an emoji (表情图标) in a work group chat”可知，此处是指改变互动的感觉。故选C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，新的工作场所在工作地点和工作方式上的转变，极大地扩展了非语言交流的世界。A. quitted停止；B. expanded拓展；C. failed失败；D. reduced减少。根据yet和前文“Parts of non-verbal communication have always existed outside face-to-face interaction, of course.”可知，此处是指极大地扩展了非语言交流的世界。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在视频通话中，背景可以提供关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非语言信息。A. information信息；B. change改变；C. application申请；D. concern担忧。根据下文“about co-workers’ lifestyles, __10___ and level of professionalism”可知，此处是指提供各种非语言信息。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. meetings会议；B. suggestions建议；C. interests兴趣；D. videos录像，视频。根据上文“co-workers’ lifestyles”和下文“and level of professionalism”可知，此处是指关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非语言信息。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：比方说，如果一个同事把镜头放在下巴以下，迫使其他人抬头看，你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌他或她。A. inspiring激励；B. forcing强迫；C. permitting允许；D. warning警告。根据上文“if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin”可知，此处是指迫使其他人抬头看。故选B。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. continuously继续；B. willingly愿意地；C. carefully仔细地；D. instantly立即地。根据上文“you begin to dislike him or her”和“almost”可知，此处是指你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌那个迫使别人抬头看的人。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，数据显示，在视频通话过程中，摄像头角度、与摄像头的距离以及眼神交流的能力等因素都会影响人们的受欢迎程度。A. impact影响；B. accomplish完成；C. report报道；D. harm伤害。根据下文“how likeable people are noticed to be”可知，此处是指影响人们的受欢迎程度。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里，愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。A. specific具体的；B. general一般的；C. remote远程的；D. abstract抽象的。根据上文“In a new world”和前文“Many work __4__ now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off. ”可知，此处是指在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里。故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. easier更容易的；B. harder更难的；C. more traditional更传统的；D. more exciting更令人兴奋的。根据上文“Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 14 how likeable people are noticed to be.”可知，此处是指远程工作中，非语言的方式参与使互相理解更容易。故选A。
3.（2023·广东·高三校联考期末）
An airline loses two suitcases belonging to two different travelers, Lucy and Pete. Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain 31 antiques. An airline manager 32 to compensate for their loss figures that simply asking them for the price is hopeless, for they may 33 it. Instead, he has them write down the price as any dollar between 2 and 100 34 so that they cannot negotiate with each other. If both write the same number, he will pay each of them that amount. If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is 35 and pay both of them the lower number with a 36 and a punishment-the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for 37 and the other will get $2 less instead. For instance, if Lucy writes 46 and Pete writes 100, Lucy will get $48 and Pete will get $44. What numbers will Lucy and Pete write
38 , Lucy’s idea is that she should write the largest possible number, which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly 39 . Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101. But surely this 40 will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too. Continuing with this line of 41 , when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the 42 price of the antique. Experimental studies conducted by economists, however, 43 this narrow view of reason. In their studies, most participants pick $100 or a number close to it, either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll 44 the “unreasonable” number. By doing so, participants ultimately get a much bigger 45 Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies.
31．A．precious B．identical C．missing D．various
32．A．reminded B．enabled C．tasked D．convinced
33．A．value B．highlight C．ignore D．overstate
34．A．at random B．precisely C．with caution D．separately
35．A．dreaming B．cheating C．objecting D．complaining
36．A．bonus B．change C．bill D．credit
37．A．cooperation B．honesty C．selflessness D．intelligence
38．A．Generally B．Surprisingly C．Initially D．Specifically
39．A．foolish B．greedy C．thoughtful D．generous
40．A．experience B．message C．conclusion D．insight
41．A．reasoning B．compromise C．guessing D．struggle
42．A．fair B．high C．real D．low
43．A．confirm B．warn C．challenge D．defeat
44．A．give way to B．get back C．take control of D．benefit from
45．A．compensation B．tip C．investment D．fee
【答案】
31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．B 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．D 41．A 42．C 43．C 44．D 45．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过让两个丢失古董的乘客分别写下古董的价格一事告诉我们，人们似乎有一种自然的合作倾向，其倾向于看似不合理但有益的策略。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两个行李箱碰巧是一样的，里面也装着同样的古董。A. precious宝贵的；B. identical相同的；C. missing找不到的；D. various各种各样的。根据上文“Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain”中also可知，两个行李箱碰巧是一样的，里面也装着同样的古董。后文对古董的估价也能看出来东西是一样的。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位负责赔偿他们损失的航空公司经理说，仅仅问他们价格是没有希望的，因为他们可能会夸大价格。A. reminded提醒；B. enabled使能够；C. tasked委派任务；D. convinced说服。根据后文“to compensate for their loss figures”指经理被委派处理赔偿他们的损失，故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位负责赔偿他们损失的航空公司经理说，仅仅问他们价格是没有希望的，因为他们可能会夸大价格。A. value重视；B. highlight突出；C. ignore忽视；D. overstate夸大。根据上文“simply asking them for the price is hopeless”可知，问价格没有用的原因是会夸大古董的价格，想得到更多赔偿。故选D。
34．考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：相反，他让他们把价格分别写在2到100美元之间，这样他们就不能互相谈判了。A. at random随机地；B. precisely精确地；C. with caution慎重地；D. separately分别地。根据后文“so that they cannot negotiate with each other”可知，想要他们不能互相谈判，就需要让他们分别写下价格。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. dreaming梦想；B. cheating欺骗；C. objecting反对；D. complaining投诉。根据上文“If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is”可知，如果价格写的不一样，那么他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，故选B。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. bonus奖金；B. change改变；C. bill账单；D. credit信用。根据后文“the person writing the lower number will get $2”可知，价格写低的人会得到奖金，故选A。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. cooperation合作；B. honesty诚实；C. selflessness无私；D. intelligence智慧。根据上文“the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for”给写低价格的人奖金的原因是诚实，故选B。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，露西的想法是，她应该写出尽可能大的数字，如果皮特同样贪婪，她将获得100美元。A. Generally通常；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Initially首先；D. Specifically特别。根据后文“Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101.(很快，她突然想到，如果她写99，她会多赚一点——101美元)”可知，露西后来改变了想法，即她最初想写尽可能大的数字。故选C。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初，露西的想法是，她应该写出尽可能大的数字，如果皮特同样贪婪，她将获得100美元。A. foolish愚蠢的；B. greedy贪婪的；C. thoughtful体贴的；D. generous慷慨的。根据上文“which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly”可知，如果皮特同样贪婪，露西将获得100美元。故选B。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但皮特肯定也会有这种想法，他也会选择99。A. experience经历；B. message信息；C. conclusion结论；D. insight想法，洞悉。根据后文“will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too”可知，此处指皮特肯定也会有这种想法，他也会选择99。故选D。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：继续这种推理，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。A. reasoning推理；B. compromise妥协；C. guessing猜测；D. struggle努力。根据上文“What numbers will Lucy and Pete write (露西和皮特会写什么数字？)”可知，上文论述的是两人写价格的推理过程。故选A。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：继续这种推理，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。A. fair公平的；B. high高的；C. real真实的；D. low低的。根据上文“when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the”可知，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。故选C。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，经济学家进行的实验研究挑战了这种狭隘的理性观点。A. confirm确认；B. warn警告；C. challenge挑战；D. defeat打败。后文提到在他们的研究中，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益，即经济学家进行的实验研究挑战了这种狭隘的理性观点。故选C。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他们的研究中，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益。A. give way to让步；B. get back报复；C. take control of控制；D. benefit from受益于。根据上文“either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll”可知，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益。故选D。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，参与者最终得到了更大的补偿。A. compensation补偿；B. tip诀窍；C. investment投资；D. fee费用。根据后文“Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies.(基于此，研究人员得出结论，人们似乎有一种自然的合作倾向，这种倾向倾向于看似不合理但有益的策略)”可知，参与者最终得到了更大的补偿。故选A。
4.（2024·广东汕头·高二金山中学校考期末）
Preet Chandi, an Asian woman, returned from a trek (徒步旅行) across Greenland last year. She hopes to 46 an unsupported trek across Antarctica to the south pole by herself. The 700-mile journey will take about 45 days. She will face the 47 cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she 48 .
Preet Chandi 49 it is a tough journey. But she feels well prepared after years of 50 . In recent weeks she has been 51 tyres around the streets near her home. She has received a number of curious questions from 52 . “If you come from a community that is not involved in 53 at all, it can be really hard,” she said, adding that a number of people thought she was to 54 for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole. “It’s just beyond their 55 .”
In the south pole, one may 56 nothing in front for days except snow. It is quite a mental 57 . Thus, her partner has left messages inside her tent, while friends have 58 voice notes for her to listen to on the journey.
When she returns, she plans to put aside some money to 59 more women to try outdoor adventures. She is pleased to see change in what has 60 been a male-dominated area. What an inspiring woman!
46．A．abandon B．sponsor C．complete D．introduce
47．A．bare B．bitter C．bearable D．breathless
48．A．settles down B．checks out C．sets off D．turns up
49．A．admits B．denies C．hopes D．prays
50．A．working B．adjustment C．struggle D．training
51．A．lifting B．dragging C．rolling D．pushing
52．A．passers-by B．explorers C．visitors D．cyclists
53．A．activities B．adventures C．competitions D．sports
54．A．push B．run C．head D．look
55．A．control B．ability C．reach D．knowledge
56．A．touch B．feel C．see D．smell
57．A．challenge B．trouble C．dilemma D．success
58．A．played B．recorded C．presented D．taken
59．A．urge B．persuade C．command D．fund
60．A．extremely B．incredibly C．temporarily D．typically
【答案】
46．C 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．D 56．C 57．A 58．B 59．D 60．D
【导语】本文是篇说明文。Chandi是一名部队理疗师，她希望成为第一位完成一次穿越南极洲到达南极的无支持的个人远足的有色人种女性，以此来激励人们走出舒适区挑战自我。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的无支撑徒步旅行。A. abandon放弃；B. sponsor赞助；C. complete完成；D. introduce介绍。根据上文“Preet Chandi, an Asian woman, returned from a trek across Greenland last year.(亚洲女性普里特·钱迪去年徒步穿越格陵兰岛回来)”可知，这次她希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的徒步旅行，故选C项。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她出发时拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。A. bare赤裸的；B. bitter痛苦的；C. bearable可忍受的；D. breathless喘不过来气的。根据下文的“cold of -50℃（零下50℃的低温）”可知，这里说的是痛苦的，故选B项。
48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. settles down安定下来；B. checks out检查；C. sets off动身，出发；D. turns up出现。根据上文“She will face the__2____cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg（她拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。）”可知，这里说的是她出发时，故选C项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：普里特·钱迪承认这是一段艰难的旅程。A. admits承认；B. denies否定；C. hopes希望；D. prays祈祷。根据下文“But she feels well prepared after years of ____5____（但经过多年的训练，她觉得自己准备得很好。）”可知，她承认这是个艰难的旅程，所以进行了多年的训练，故选A项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过多年的训练，她觉得自己准备好了。A. working工作；B. adjustment调整；C. struggle斗争；D. training训练。根据上文“Preet Chandi____4____ it is a tough journey. But she feels well prepared But she feels well prepared（普里特·钱迪承认这是一段艰难的旅程。她觉得自己准备好了）”可知，这里说的是多年的训练后，她觉得自己准备好了，故选D项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近几周，她一直在家附近的街道上拖着轮胎。A. lifting举起；B. dragging拖拽；C. rolling翻滚；D. pushing推。根据第一段中“She will face the biting cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she ___3____.（她出发时拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。）”可知，她是在为出发时，拖拽雪橇在进行训练，故选B项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从路人那里收到了许多奇怪的问题。A. passers-by路人；B. explorers探险者；C. visitors游客；D. cyclists骑自行车的人。根据上文“In recent weeks she has been ___6___tyres around the streets near her home.（最近几周，她一直在家附近的街道上拖着轮胎。）”可知，在她家附近遇到的应该是过路人，故选A项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“如果你来自一个完全不参与冒险的社区，那就真的很难了。”A. activities活动；B. adventures冒险经历；C. competitions竞争；D. sports运动。根据下文“adding that a number of people thought she was to____9____ for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole.（她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。）”可知，这里说的是来自不参与冒险的社区，故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。A. push推；B. run跑；C. head朝……行进；D. look看。根据第一段中“She hopes to __1___ an unsupported trek across Antarctica to the south pole by herself.（他希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的无支撑徒步旅行。）”可知，这里说的是要朝南极进发，故选C项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这超出了他们的知识范围。A. control控制；B. ability能力；C. reach河段；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“adding that a number of people thought she was to____9____ for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole.（她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。）”可知，这里说的是超出了他们的知识范围，故选D项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在南极，人们可能会在未来几天里除了雪什么都看不到。A. touch触摸；B. feel感觉；C. see看；D. smell闻。根据上文“In the south pole,（在南极）”以及下文中的“except snow（除了雪）”可知，这里说的是除了雪什么都看不到，故选C项。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个相当大的心理挑战。A. challenge挑战；B. trouble麻烦；C. dilemma窘境；D. success成功。根据上文“In the south pole, one may__11____nothing in front for days except snow（在南极，人们可能会在未来几天里除了雪什么都看不到。）”可知，这里说的是很大的心理挑战，故选A项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，她的伴侣在她的帐篷里留言，而朋友们则录制了语音消息，让她在旅途中听。A. played玩；B. recorded录制；C. presented展示；D. taken取走。根据下文“for her to listen to on the journey.（让她在旅途中听）”可知，这里说的是录制了语音消息，故选B项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她回来的时候，她计划存一些钱来资助更多的女性尝试户外冒险。A. urge敦促；B. persuade说服；C. command命令；D. fund为……提供资金。根据上文“When she returns, she plans to put aside some money（当她回来时，她打算存一些钱）”可知，这里说的是资助更多的女性尝试户外冒险，故选D项。
60．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴看到通常男性占主导地位的领域发生了变化。A. extremely极度地；B. incredibly难以置信地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. typically通常。根据上文的“outdoor adventures（户外冒险）”可知，这是男性通常占主导地位的领域，故选D项。
5.（2023·山东威海·高三统考期末）
Getting a story or a book published is difficult for most ambitious authors. But in Malaysia, a unique program for 61 people offers a helping hand. The Junior Writers Programme (JWP) provides essential writing skills and a chance to be 62 .
“The JWP is not just a writing program,” said Brigitte Rozario, who 63 the program. “It’s an opportunity to help young writers chase their dreams and 64 the effort required for publishing a book.”
The program focuses on writing, revising, and editing, with publication the reward. Only the most dedicated writers are 65 . Those who want to be considered for the program must 66 a strict application process. Some 67 the first time and reapply.
Rozario founded the program in 2018. “A couple I knew said that their daughter was very interested in writing,” she explained, “but they didn’t know how to 68 her talent.” Rozario was 69 to help. After several months of planning, the JWP was born.
Each year, about 20 students get the chance to improve their 70 . They are given a 71 to explore in the anthology (选集) of stories they create for publication. In 2022, the fifth year of the program, the topic was “Secrets and Lies.” 72 in the anthology cover everything from friendships and families to staying true to oneself. 73 from the book go to local charitable organizations. When you 74 an anthology, you know that you are supporting a 75 cause.
The JWP proves the fact that a teacher, friend, or instructor can make your talents shine. That is who Rozario is and what she believes.
61．A．poor B．active C．young D．creative
62．A．sold B．written C．published D．translated
63．A．publicized B．founded C．joined D．supported
64．A．joint B．describe C．double D．understand
65．A．listed B．attracted C．noticed D．accepted
66．A．pass B．record C．design D．study
67．A．fail B．hesitate C．leave D．miss
68．A．measure B．introduce C．nurture D．recognize
69．A．forced B．inspired C．allowed D．reminded
70．A．habits B．grades C．skills D．memories
71．A．question B．book C．secret D．theme
72．A．Stories B．Topics C．Lessons D．Pictures
73．A．Notes B．Profits C．Awards D．Examples
74．A．buy B．collect C．read D．recommend
75．A．common B．worthy C．global D．successful
【答案】
61．C 62．C 63．B 64．D 65．D 66．A 67．A 68．C 69．B 70．C 71．D 72．A 73．B 74．A 75．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马来西亚的青年作家计划为有写作才能的年轻人提供写作技巧和发表作品的机会。
61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在马来西亚，一个独特的年轻人项目伸出了援助之手。A. poor贫穷的；B. active活跃的；C. young年轻的；D. creative创造性的。根据后文“help young writers”可知项目主要帮助年轻人。故选C。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：青年作家计划（JWP）提供必要的写作技巧和发表作品的机会。A. sold出售；B. written写；C. published出版，发表；D. translated翻译。根据后文“the effort required for publishing a book”这个组织提供必要的写作技巧和发表作品的机会。故选C。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“JWP不仅仅是一个写作项目，”该项目创始人布丽吉特·罗萨里奥说。A. publicized宣传；B. founded建立；C. joined加入；D. supported支持。根据上文“Rozario founded the program in 2018.”可知，Brigitte Rozario建立了这个项目。故选B。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个帮助年轻作家追逐梦想、了解出书需要付出努力的机会。”A. joint联合；B. describe描述；C. double翻倍；D. understand理解。根据后文“the effort required for publishing a book”可知，这个主旨主要帮助年轻作家追逐梦想、了解出书需要付出努力。故选D。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有最敬业的作家才会被录用。A. listed列举；B. attracted吸引；C. noticed注意到；D. accepted接受。根据上文“Only the most dedicated writers are”指最敬业的作家才会被组织所接受录用。故选D。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些想要被考虑参加该计划的人必须通过严格的申请程序。A. pass通过；B. record记录；C. design设计；D. study学习。根据后文“a strict application process”可知，想要参加计划的人要通过申请程序。故选A。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些第一次失败了，然后重新申请。A. fail失败；B. hesitate犹豫；C. leave离开；D. miss错过。根据后文“the first time and reapply”指第一次失败，然后重新申请。故选A。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我认识的一对夫妇说，他们的女儿对写作很感兴趣，”她解释说，“但他们不知道如何培养她的天赋。”A. measure测量；B. introduce介绍；C. nurture培养；D. recognize识别。根据上文“A couple I knew said that their daughter was very interested in writing”可知，女儿喜欢写作，但夫妇两不知道如何培养女儿的天赋。故选C。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗萨里奥受到启发，想要帮忙。A. forced迫使；B. inspired鼓舞，启发；C. allowed允许；D. reminded提醒。此处指创始人受到这对夫妇的启发，想要帮助他们培养女儿的天赋。故选B。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年，大约有20名学生有机会提高他们的技能。A. habits习惯；B. grades成绩；C. skills技能；D. memories记忆。呼应上文“provides essential writing skills”指有机会提高技能。故选C。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们被给予一个主题，在他们创作出版的故事集中去探索。A. question问题；B. book书；C. secret秘密；D. theme主题。根据后文“In 2022, the fifth year of the program, the topic was “Secrets and Lies.”(2022年是该计划的第五年，主题是“秘密与谎言”)”可知，参与者会被给予一个主题，故选D。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：选集里的故事涵盖了从友谊、家庭到忠于自我的方方面面。A. Stories故事；B. Topics主题；C. Lessons课程；D. Pictures图片。根据后文“from friendships and families to staying true to oneself”指故事内容多样，涵盖范围广。故选A。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书的收益将捐给当地的慈善组织。A. Notes笔记；B. Profits利润；C. Awards奖励；D. Examples例子。根据后文“go to local charitable organizations”此处指这本书的收益将捐给当地的慈善组织。故选B。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你买了一本选集，你就知道你支持的是一项有价值的事业。A. buy购买；B. collect收集；C. read阅读；D. recommend推荐。根据后文“an anthology, you know that you are supporting a”可知，购买选集就是支持慈善事业，因为书的收益将捐给当地的慈善组织。故选A。
75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你买了一本选集，你就知道你支持的是一项有价值的事业。A. common共同的；B. worthy值得的；C. global全球的；D. successful成功的。上文提到这本书的收益将捐给当地的慈善组织，所以当你买了一本选集，你就知道你支持的是一项有价值的事业。故选B。
6.（2024·广东潮州·高二统考期末）
In the last 100 years, the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75℃. Such a small increase is causing sea levels to rise and 76 the habitat of many species of plants and animals. A(n) 77 of 2℃ in global temperatures could result in 78 of 30% of the world’s land species.
Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100 years and experts 79 that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future. 80 , areas which were land a few hundred years ago are now under water.
As a result of the changing 81 , the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before. So what is 82 climate change The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases like CO2 in the atmosphere, but the reason for this is the world’s population — you and me. As the 83 increases, more land is needed to provide food, and more energy is 84 too. Burning fossil fuels for heating, lighting, transport, or electricity 85 CO2. Furthermore, humans breathe out CO2 and trees “breathe in” CO2 and produce oxygen — so by 86 trees, we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen. As a result of these 87 , CO2 levels are now at their highest for 800,000 years.
The biggest 88 we all face is to prevent further environmental disasters. We need to 89 burning fossil fuels and start using renewable energy. If we can get enough 90 from renewable fuels, we can stop using fossil fuels completely.
76．A．attacking B．ignoring C．threatening D．discovering
77．A．limitation B．reduction C．increase D．improvement
78．A．extinction B．escape C．change D．development
79．A．argue B．explain C．doubt D．predict
80．A．Surprisingly B．Consequently C．Immediately D．Usually
81．A．climate B．height C．period D．environment
82．A．forcing B．allowing C．causing D．helping
83．A．animal B．species C．plants D．population
84．A．wasted B．needed C．supplied D．stored
85．A．produces B．includes C．requires D．provides
86．A．transporting to B．searching for C．planting in D．cutting down
87．A．questions B．activities C．procedures D．disasters
88．A．challenge B．disadvantage C．adventure D．influence
89．A．consider B．deny C．stop D．hate
90．A．time B．energy C．inspiration D．knowledge
【答案】
76．C 77．C 78．A 79．D 80．B 81．A 82．C 83．D 84．B 85．A 86．D 87．B 88．A 89．C 90．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化对全球生态系统的影响和引起气候变化的原因。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如此微小的上升正在导致海平面上升，并威胁到许多动植物的栖息地。A. attacking攻击；B. ignoring忽视；C. threatening威胁；D. discovering发现。根据上文“causing sea levels to rise and”可知，海平面上升威胁到了许多动植物的栖息地。故选C。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球气温每升高2℃，就可能导致世界上30%的陆地物种灭绝。A. limitation限制；B. reduction减少；C. increase升高；D. improvement改善。根据上文“In the last 100 years, the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75℃.(在过去的100年里，全球气温上升了大约0.75℃)”可知，此处指全球气温升高的影响。故选C。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球气温每升高2℃，就可能导致世界上30%的陆地物种灭绝。A. extinction灭绝；B. escape逃走；C. change改变；D. development发展。根据上文“the habitat of many species of plants and animals.”提到了海平面上升威胁到许多动植物的栖息地，由此可知，气温升高会导致物种灭绝。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的100年里，英国的海平面上升了大约10厘米，专家们预测，在不久的将来，全球海平面可能会上升59厘米。A. argue争论；B. explain解释；C. doubt怀疑；D. predict预测。根据后文“that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future”可知，此处是专家的预测：在不久的将来，全球海平面可能会上升59厘米。故选D。
80．考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果，几百年前还是陆地的地区现在都被水淹没了。A. Surprisingly惊人地；B. Consequently结果；C. Immediately立即；D. Usually通常。上文“Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100 years”提到在过去的100年里，英国的海平面上升了大约10厘米，因此结果就是几百年前还是陆地的地区现在都被水淹没了。故选B。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于气候变化，世界生态系统的变化也比以往任何时候都要快。A. climate气候；B. height高度；C. period时期；D. environment环境。根据后文“the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before”可知，生态系统变化是因为气候在发生变化，后文“climate change”也给出了提示。故选A。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么是什么导致了气候变化呢？A. forcing迫使；B. allowing允许；C. causing导致；D. helping帮助。根据后文“The main cause of climate change”可知，此处问的是：是什么导致了气候变化。故选C。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着人口的增长，需要更多的土地来提供食物，同时也需要更多的能源。A. animal动物；B. species物种；C. plants植物；D. population人口。根据上文“The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases like CO2 in the atmosphere, but the reason for this is the world’s population — you and me.(气候变化的主要原因是大气中大量的二氧化碳等温室气体，但其原因是世界人口——你和我)”可知，此处指人口的增长。故选D。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着人口的增长，需要更多的土地来提供食物，同时也需要更多的能源。A. wasted浪费；B. needed需要；C. supplied供应；D. stored储存。根据上文“more land is needed to provide food, and more energy is”可知，随着人口的增长，需要更多的土地来提供食物，同时也需要更多的能源。故选B。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：燃烧化石燃料取暖、照明、运输或发电会产生二氧化碳。A. produces产生；B. includes包含；C. requires需要；D. provides提供。根据上文“Burning fossil fuels for heating, lighting, transport, or electricity”以及常识，燃烧化石燃料会产生二氧化碳。故选A。
86．考查动词短语辨析。句意：此外，人类呼出二氧化碳，树木“吸入”二氧化碳并产生氧气——因此，通过砍伐树木，我们增加了大气中的二氧化碳含量，减少了氧气含量。A. transporting to运送到；B. searching for寻找；C. planting in种植；D. cutting down砍伐。根据后文“trees, we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.”可知，我们增加了大气中的二氧化碳含量，是因为砍伐森林。故选D。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为这些活动的结果，二氧化碳水平现在达到了80万年来的最高水平。A. questions问题；B. activities活动；C. procedures程序；D. disasters灾难。根据语境可知，上文主要列举了人口增加、燃烧化石燃料、砍伐森林等人类的一系列活动，导致了二氧化碳增加。故选B。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们所有人面临的最大挑战是防止进一步的环境灾难。A. challenge挑战；B. disadvantage缺点；C. adventure冒险；D. influence影响。根据后文“we all face is to prevent further environmental disasters”可知，防止进一步的环境灾难是人们面临的最大挑战。故选A。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要停止燃烧化石燃料，开始使用可再生能源。A. consider考虑；B. deny否认；C. stop停止；D. hate讨厌。根据后文“we can stop using fossil fuels completely”指需要停止燃烧化石燃料，开始使用可再生能源。故选C。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们能从可再生燃料中获得足够的能量，我们就能完全停止使用化石燃料。A. time时间；B. energy能量；C. inspiration鼓舞；D. knowledge知识。根据后文“from renewable fuels”可知，从燃料中获得的是能量。故选B。
7.（2024·上海·高三上海市育才中学校考期末）
History has not yet 91 what we will definitively call the postmillennial cohort (2000年后出生的人) that now 92 more than 60 million people in the U.S. These kids and 93 with no concept of life 94 the Internet have so far been called the App Generation and Generation Z. They’ve been referred to as Homelanders, having grown up under the ghost of terorism. They’ve also been 95 the Plurals, for their historic diversity, as well as the Founders, at least by MTV.
Whatever we 96 naming them, marketers and academies are turning their attention to this group, which has billions in 97 and is already shaping the culture. This generation is growing up “totally and utterly connected,” says California State University psychologist Larry Rosen. Experts like Rosen have concerns about these kids’ Google-inspired expectations that everything be 98 . They worry about their inability to 99 even five seconds of boredom. And they worry about the demands that come with 100 several identities online, from Facebook to Twitter to Snapchat. “There’s so much pressure on young people, who are still 101 their identities, to present this crystallized, idealized identity online,” says the University of Washington’s Katie Davis.
Historian Neil Howe sees 102 with the Silent Generation, the spoilt, risk-avoiding, “nice” generation of kids who grew up during the Great Depression and World War II, although some marked differences are found. Today’s youths are also coming of age among geopolitical trouble and fears about the economy, he says, 103 schools emphasize an intense far-reaching sensitivity to other kids. He suspects this 104 will be known for being well behaved and perhaps boring the culture by playing it safe. “There are typical examples that occur repeatedly,” Howe says, “even if they go by different 105 .”
91．A．remarked B．convinced C．guaranteed D．revealed
92．A．numbers B．houses C．accommodates D．contains
93．A．peers B．adolescents C．folks D．guys
94．A．over B．without C．besides D．beyond
95．A．diagnosed B．dismissed C．labeled D．coined
96．A．end up B．consider about C．appeal for D．approve of
97．A．distribution force B．purchasing power C．global view D．unique outlooks
98．A．vivid B．instructive C．instant D．profitable
99．A．feed up with B．put up with C．make up for D．identify with
100．A．faking B．revising C．illustrating D．maintaining
101．A．supervising B．forming C．representing D．promoting
102．A．parallels B．contrasts C．comparisons D．reservations
103．A．because B．although C．while D．when
104．A．emphasis B．generation C．intensity D．cultivation
105．A．routes B．schemes C．names D．definitions
【答案】
91．D 92．A 93．B 94．B 95．C 96．A 97．B 98．C 99．B 100．D 101．B 102．A 103．C 104．B 105．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2000年后出生的这一代人在网络时代成长起来，生活方式与以往的人们不一样，并且成为社会主流人群，开始影响社会文化。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史还没有揭示我们将确切地把现在美国的人数已经超过6000万的后千禧一代的人称之为什么。根据后面的宾语“what we will definitively call the postmillennial cohort”可知，2000年后出生的人历史上会把他们称作什么还不明确，因为还没有成为历史，动词reveal指揭示事实，符合语境，事实还不明朗。A. remarked评论；B. convinced使信服；C. guaranteed担保；D. revealed揭露；证明，展示。故选D项。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史还没有揭示我们将确切地把现在美国的人数已经超过6000万的后千禧一代的人称之为什么。A. numbers总计；B. houses提供住所；C. accommodates提供住宿；D. contains包含；含有；容纳。该空为that引导定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词the postmillennial cohort 做主语，后面宾语是“more than 60 million people”，这里应该是指2000年后出生的人总计达到了6000万。动词number意为“总计”。故选A项。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些对没有互联网的生活毫无概念的孩子和青少年迄今为止被称为应用程序一代和z一代。A. peers同领人；B. adolescents青少年；C. folks家人；人们；D. guys家伙，小伙子；兄弟，伙计。2000年后出生的人都是小孩子和青少年，年龄都还不大。故选B项。
94．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些对没有互联网的生活毫无概念的孩子和青少年迄今为止被称为应用程序一代和z一代。A. over超过；B. without没有；C. besides除…以外；D. beyond超出。该空介词及其宾语“the Internet”作life的后置定语，根据life前的“with no concept of”可知，这里指00后对于没有网络的生活一无所知，因为他们一出生就接触到了网络。故选B项。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也被贴上了the Plurals(多元一代)的标签，因为他们在历史上的多元化，以及the Founders(始创者)，至少在MTV频道上。A. diagnosed诊断；B. dismissed解散；开除；驳回；C. labeled贴标签；D. coined创造新词，首次使用；铸币，造币。根据上一句“These kids and 3 with no concept of life 4 the Internet have so far been called the App Generation and Generation Z. They’ve been referred to as Homelanders, having grown up under the ghost of terorism.”中的“the App Generation and Generation Z”和“Homelanders”是一些人们对00后一代的一些称谓，本句中的“the Plurals和 the Founders”也是给他们专有称谓，他们被贴标签，labeled符合语境与上一句中called和referred to意义一致。故选C项。
96．考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管我们最终给他们起什么名字，营销人员和学术机构都把注意力转向了这个拥有数十亿美元的群体，他们已经在塑造文化。A. end up结束；B. consider about考虑；C. appeal for呼吁，恳请；D. approve of赞成。本文首句表示历史对00后这一代人还没有明确的称呼，但是很多机构已经给出了很多说法。end up doing意为“最终会做某事”，这里指最终历史会给这代人一个什么样的称呼。故选A项。
97．考查名词短语辨析。句意：不管我们最终给他们起什么名字，营销人员和学术机构都把注意力转向了这个拥有数十亿美元购买力的群体，他们已经在塑造文化。A. distribution force分布力；B. purchasing power购买力；C. global view全球视野；D. unique outlooks独特的观点。空前的主语which指代先行词the group，空前的billions应该指的是钱数，指的是00后一代人的消费能力，购买力，他们已经成为社会不容忽视的群体，“marketers”关注的应该是消费者的消费能力。故选B项。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像罗森这样的专家对这些孩子受到谷歌启发的期望感到担忧，他们认为所有东西都能立即获得。 A. vivid生动的；B. instructive有教育意义的，有启发的；C. instant立即的；即时的；D. profitable有利可图的，盈利的。“that everything be 8 .”为expectations的同位语从句，谷歌的特点就是反馈“快”，所以这些孩子会期待一切都应该立即得到反应，回应。呼应下一句“their inability to 9 even five seconds of boredom”的说法，认为他们忍受不了5秒钟的无聊等待。故选C项。
99．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们担心自己无法忍受哪怕五秒钟的无聊。 A. feed up with厌倦；B. put up with容忍；C. make up for弥补；D. identify with认同，产生共鸣。该空动词短语的宾语是“even five seconds of boredom”，专家担心这些生活在网络时代的孩子会认为一切都应该快速得到回复，有可能五分钟的无聊也忍受不了。故选B项。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还担心在Facebook、Twitter和Snapchat等网站上保持多重身份所带来的要求。A. faking伪造，冒充；不懂装懂；B. revising修改；C. illustrating阐明；加插图；D. maintaining保持。网络时代长大的这些孩子在各社交媒体网站都有账户ID，他们得要维护这些网站上自己的身份。故选D项。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：年轻人的压力太大了，他们还在形成自己的身份，要在网上展示这种具体化、理想化的身份。A. supervising指导，监督；B. forming形成，组成；C. representing代表，象征；D. promoting促进；宣传；晋升，提拔。现在孩子们还可能会因为有新的社交媒体，可能还会形成新的身份。故选B项。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：历史学家尼尔·豪(Neil Howe)看到了与“沉默的一代”(Silent Generation)的相似之处，“沉默的一代”是在大萧条和第二次世界大战期间长大的、被宠坏的、不愿冒险的“好”一代，尽管他们也发现了一些明显的差异。A. parallels相似的手法，相似之处；B. contrasts对比，对照；C. comparisons比较；D. reservations预定。根据下文“although some marked differences are found”可知，虽然这两代人有明显的差异，但是他们看到了他们之间的相似之处。parallels与differences呼应。故选A项。
103．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说，如今的年轻人也是在地缘政治问题和对经济的担忧中长大的，而学校则强调对其他孩子有着强烈而深远的敏感性。A. because因为；B. although尽管；C. while当……时候；而却；D. when当……的时候。这里指社会和学校对孩子的要求进行对比，并列连词while可以表示前后对比。故选C项。
104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他怀疑这一代人将以举止得体而闻名，也许会因为行事谨慎而令文化感到厌烦。A. emphasis强调；B. generation一代，一辈儿；C. intensity强烈；强度；D. cultivation耕作，开垦；培养。根据“will be known for being well behaved ”可知，该句主语应该是人，这里指00后这一代人。故选B项。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“有一些典型的例子反复出现，”Howe说，“即使它们有不同的名字。”A. routes路线；B. schemes计划，方案；C. names 姓名；名义；D. definitions定义。在even if的从句中主语they指代typical examples ,by...names或by the name of 意为“以……的名义”或使用……的名字，符合语境。这里指这一代人中的典型例子有可能会有各种不同的名称，呼应第一段中的“the App Generation and Generation Z”和“Homelanders”“the Plurals和 the Founders”。故选C项。
8.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨三中校考期末）
Years ago, I lived in the English midlands and would walk the same route along the local canal each evening. On winter mornings, I would see the 106 sight of bird flocks dancing across the landscape, a distant cacophony (刺耳的嘈杂声) 107 above the fields. They were jackdaws (寒鸦), the smallest member of the crow family.
Research led by Masters student Alex Dibnah asked: Why are jackdaws so loud when they 108 Then he began to work with a team. The team’s 109 was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “ 110 ”. Each individual’s call might 111 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate (协调) their 112 .
To test this, the researchers artificially 113 call levels during the jackdaws’ morning cacophony using speakers at their sleeping sites. When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 114 earlier, showing they use calls as a check-in system.
Individual jackdaws 115 from leaving with the flock because they get more social information like where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food, and they’re less 116 being attacked. This sort of decision-making isn’t 117 to jackdaws — it’s been reported in other species as well.
So, the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to 118 a large group. If you’re 119 by the noise, find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in 120 .
106．A．frightening B．peaceful C．familiar D．unusual
107．A．fading B．stopping C．changing D．rising
108．A．fly B．gather C．appear D．return
109．A．evidence B．theory C．experiment D．difficulty
110．A．fitting in B．breaking in C．stepping in D．signing in
111．A．resign B．count C．check D．rank
112．A．movement B．progress C．gesture D．demand
113．A．created B．graded C．increased D．maintained
114．A．settled B．left C．escaped D．arrived
115．A．benefit B．learn C．suffer D．keep
116．A．in defense of B．in control of C．at risk of D．at the sight of
117．A．common B．essential C．open D．unique
118．A．joining B．organizing C．mastering D．warning
119．A．bothered B．impressed C．surprised D．fascinated
120．A．trouble B．wonder C．peace D．charge
【答案】
106．C 107．D 108．B 109．B 110．D 111．B 112．A 113．C 114．B 115．A 116．C 117．D 118．B 119．A 120．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳（Alex Dibnah）领导着做了一项关于为什么寒鸦聚集时声音大的研究。
106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在冬天的早晨，我会看到熟悉的景象，成群的鸟在风景中跳舞，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。A. frightening令人害怕的；B. peaceful和平的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据上文“would walk the same route along the local canal each evening”可知，亚历克斯·迪布纳每天晚上都会沿着当地的运河走同样的路，所以他看到的是每天都会看见的熟悉的景象。故选C。
107．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. fading褪色；B. stopping停止；C. changing改变；D. rising上升。根据下文“above the fields”可知，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。故选D。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳领导着做的研究问道：为什么寒鸦聚集时声音这么大？A. fly飞；B. gather聚集；C. appear出现；D. return回来。根据下文“showing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦声音这么大是在它们早上聚集时发出的。故选B。
109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队的理论是，早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。A. evidence证明；B. theory理论；C. experiment实验；D. difficulty困难。根据下文“was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “ 5 ” .”可知，接下来是亚历克斯·迪布纳先推测的理论结果。故选B。
110．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第4题详解。A. fitting in适应；B. breaking in破门而入；C. stepping in迈进；D. signing in签到。根据下文“Each individual’s call might 6 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate(协调) their 7 .”和“showing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。故选D。
111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个成员的喊叫都可以认为是“我加入了！”帮助他们协调行动。A. resign辞职；B. count计数，认为；C. check检查；D. rank排名。根据下文“as an “I’m in!””可知，这里指每个寒鸦成员的喊叫都被认为是“我加入了！”的信号。故选B。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. movement移动；B. progress进步；C. gesture姿势；D. demand要求。根据下文“When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 9 earlier, showing they use calls as a check-in system.”可知，这里指寒鸦成员的叫声协调了它们的到来和离开的行动。故选A。
113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了测试这一点，研究人员在寒鸦睡觉的地方使用扬声器，人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。A. created创造；B. graded分级；C. increased增加；D. maintained保持。根据下文“using speakers”可知，研究人员使用扬声器，应该是人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。故选C。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当播放额外的喊叫时，寒鸦会提前离开，这表明它们将叫声作为登记系统。A. settled定居；B. left离开；C. escaped逃脱；D. arrived到达。根据上文“When extra calls were played”和下文“leaving with the flock”可知，当额外的叫声被播放时，寒鸦会当成是要离开的信号，所以会提前离开。故选B。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：个体寒鸦从与群体一起离开中受益，因为它们可以获得更多的社会信息，比如在哪里寻找食物，它们可以最大限度地延长寻找食物的时间，而且它们被攻击的风险更小。A. benefit获益；B. learn学习；C. suffer遭受；D. keep保持。根据下文“because they get more social information like where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food”可知，这是和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处。故选A。
116．考查介词短语辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. in defense of防御；B. in control of控制；C. at risk of冒险；D. at the sight of看见。根据上文“Individual jackdaws 10 from leaving with the flock”可知，这是个体寒鸦和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处，所以个体寒鸦被攻击的风险应该是更小。故选C。
117．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种决策并非寒鸦独有，其他物种也有报道。A. common常见的；B. essential基础的；C. open开的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“it’s been reported in other species as well”可知，其他物种也有报道这种决策，所以它并非寒鸦独有的。故选D。
118．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。A. joining加入；B. organizing组织；C. mastering精通；D. warning警告。根据上文“the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to”可知，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声应该是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。故选B。
119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你被噪音困扰，请从噪音越大，越早让你平静下来这一事实中找到安慰。A. bothered打扰；B. impressed给…印象；C. surprised使吃惊；D. fascinated迷住。根据下文“by the noise”可知，这里应该是指人们会被寒鸦的喊叫烦扰。故选A。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第14题详解。A. trouble麻烦；B. wonder奇迹；C. peace和平；D. charge控告。根据上文“find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in”可知，寒鸦叫的声音越大越早，说明它们会越早离开，就会让你越早平静下来。故选C。
9.（2023·河南口·高三周口市文昌中学阶段练习）
It is 8:30 a.m. at the Chengdu Research Base. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and 121 . When the babies see the keepers, they run over to them with 122 and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and 123 ! They’re so cute and lovely, and the keepers takes care of them like they’re their own babies. 124 , many people around the world love these black and white animals. Pandas have become so 125 that they are now a symbol of China.
Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. 126 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. Pandas do not have 127 babies, maybe only one every two years. The babies often 128 illnesses and do not live very long. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day 129 about 10 kilos of bamboo. Many years ago, there were a lot more bamboo forests and pandas in China, but then humans started to 130 these forests. As the forests get smaller and other human activities 131 more problems, pandas cannot find enough to eat and they are having 132 babies.
An education program in Chengdu teaches children about pandas and other 133 wild animals. They send people to schools to tell children about the importance of 134 these animals. And the Chinese government is trying hard to help save the pandas. Scientists are doing research to better 135 the habits of pandas. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas.
121．A．angry B．hungry C．scary D．satisfactory
122．A．excitement B．amazement C．puzzlement D．embarrassment
123．A．fall back B．fall away C．fall behind D．fall over
124．A．Finally B．Nevertheless C．Actually D．Therefore
125．A．boring B．popular C．pitiful D．careful
126．A．more B．part C．all D．Another
127．A．many B．any C．some D．few
128．A．die for B．die away C．die from D．die down
129．A．producing B．wasting C．growing D．eating
130．A．cut down B．cut up C．cut in D．cut back
131．A．solve B．cause C．find D．forget
132．A．more B．fewer C．no D．stronger
133．A．injured B．homeless C．poor D．endangered
134．A．killing B．seizing C．saving D．enjoying
135．A．understand B．break C．change D．overlook
【答案】
121．B 122．A 123．D 124．C 125．B 126．D 127．A 128．C 129．D 130．A 131．B 132．B 133．D 134．C 135．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大熊猫，包括其生活习性、生存状况以及保护措施。
121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早上9点，他们发现大多数宝宝已经醒了，而且饿了。A. angry生气的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. scary令人害怕的；D. satisfactory令人满意的。根据上文的“It is 8:30 a.m. at the Chengdu Research Base. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast.”可知，八点半时，饲养员已经在准备熊猫的早饭；而根据空前的“At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake”以及常理可知，九点的时候，熊猫宝宝应该饿了。故选B。
122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当熊猫宝宝看到饲养员时，它们兴奋地跑向饲养员，一些熊猫宝宝甚至撞到它们的朋友身上摔倒了！A. excitement兴奋；B. amazement惊异；C. puzzlement困惑；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据空前的“they run over to them”以及下文“some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and ____3____!”可知，熊猫宝宝看到伺养员的时候非常兴奋。故选A。
123．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当熊猫宝宝看到饲养员时，它们兴奋地跑向饲养员，一些熊猫宝宝甚至撞到它们的朋友身上摔倒了！A. fall back后退；B. fall away疏远；C. fall behind落后；D. fall over绊倒、跌倒。根据空前的“some of the young pandas even walk into their friends”可知，有些熊猫宝宝会撞到朋友，因此会摔倒。故选D。
124．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，世界上很多人都喜欢这些黑白相间的动物。A. Finally最终；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Actually事实上；D. Therefore因此。根据下文“many people around the world love these black and white animals”可知，很多人都喜欢大熊猫是个事实。故选C。
125．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：熊猫已经变得如此受欢迎，它们现在是中国的象征。A. boring令人无聊的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. pitiful可怜的；D. careful仔细的。根据空后的“they are now a symbol of China.”可知，熊猫非常受欢迎，所以成为了中国的象征。故选B。
126．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另有300只左右生活在中国和其他国家的动物园或研究中心。A. more更多的；B. part分离的；C. all所有的；D. Another另一个的。根据上文“Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests.”可知，生活在森林里的大
（说明文）
完形填空说明文解题策略
名校优选完形填空专项通关练
【解题策略】
完形填空常考体裁为记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议文。说明文类完形填空一般在首句提出说明的对象。常见的有人物介绍、地点介绍、节日、习俗介绍、实验报告等。说明文表诉严谨、内容客观真实、语言简练。说明文一般按照一定的顺序，如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑关系等条理清晰的展开。
解题步骤
速读浏览大意：快速阅读全文，通过浏览全文，领会大意，了解文章体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节和写作风格等。
初填扣文意：先易后难，瞻前顾后，紧扣全文内容展开逻辑推理。注意从上下文中寻找线索，同时注意句法、词汇的意义、搭配等多角度综合考虑。
复读再核查：根据多角度衡量试填后，把全文再通读一遍，确保用词准确、语义连贯。所选答案填入空格处应当做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整、逻辑严谨、首尾呼应。
解题策略
1. 抓住首句: 说明文的首句一般就指出了说明对象，即“开篇点题”。指明了方向，对解答问题具有指导下作用。
2. 上下求索找线索：说明文类的文章上下文逻辑很严谨，在阅读时，对特定的语境应做深入的理解。根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空的关键。从近年高考真题看，高考完形越来越侧重对语篇的考查，信息的逻辑推理判断。单词的考查以实词为主，虚词为辅。侧重动词（短语）、名词、形容词的考查。词语在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息需借助上下文甚至全文语境的限定才能准确得出答案。
3. 文化背景、生活常识找线索：解题时，需调动文化背景知识和生活常识，同时还应当注意中西方文化的差异。
4. 语篇标志性逻辑词找线索：句子与句子之间，语篇之中经常给出表明逻辑关系的词语如，表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, now, later, from now/then on,等。
表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, thirdly, besides等。
表示因果关系的so, therefore, because, thus, since, as, owing to, due to等。
表示转折关系的but, however, while, on the other hand等。
表示并列关系的and, also, as well se等。
习惯用法和词语辨析：从近年高考真题看，词、词组的词语辨析试题比重呈加大的趋势。主要考查习惯用法、同义词、近义词等。
【名校优选专项通关练】
1.（2024·浙江嘉兴·高三校考阶段练习）
The Poseidon Effect
Late one autumn day at the local swimming pool in Ancenis, France, an 18-year-old named Jean LeRoy came for his regular evening swim in the 25-metre pool.
When people are drowning, they don’t usually shout and 1 in the way it happens on television. Most people drown quite 2 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water. On the evening, LeRoy was testing how far he could swim underwater 3 one breath. At some moment, as he was doing this, he became unconscious. 4 he tried he couldn’t breathe. He sank to the bottom of the pool. LeRoy was drowning.
Luckily for him, the swimming pool was 5 with an electronic surveillance system called Poseidon. Although the human lifeguards had not noticed, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching the whole thing. Poseidon has underwater cameras which 6 people as they swim. The cameras are connected to a computer. It is 7 to recognize 8 a swimmer is not moving normally. The lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device that 9 when the computer detected a possible problem. Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed LeRoy’s body, the lifeguards had pulled him out of the pool. He started breathing again. After one night in hospital, he was sent home completely 10 . Poseidon had saved his life.
Machines like Poseidon completely change how we live. Think of your life before the answering machine was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced. The change will be just as great. It is 11 happening.
Soon, machines will recognize our faces and our fingerprints. They will 12 for drowning people, for 13 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients. Imagine devices that monitor a baby’s breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 14 quiet signals to nearby computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police. As time passes, more and more of our lives will be 15 by machines. They will know all about us.
1．A．splash B．cry C．yell D．scream
2．A．soon B．quietly C．silently D．simply
3．A．in B．within C．over D．on
4．A．No matter how B．However C．Whoever D．Whatever
5．A．established B．installed C．set D．equipped
6．A．show B．film C．propagate D．outline
7．A．postulated B．made C．programmed D．relayed
8．A．whether B．when C．while D．if
9．A．alarmed B．beeped C．warned D．alerted
10．A．healthy B．normal C．safe D．well
11．A．always B．merely C．readily D．already
12．A．watch out B．take care C．look back D．go over
13．A．terrorists B．invalids C．senators D．tyrants
14．A．will send B．to send C．send D．sending
15．A．recorded B．checked C．monitored D．supervised
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了Poseidon电子监控系统如何改变我们的生活方式，以及它如何帮助拯救溺水者的生命。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人们溺水时，他们通常不会像电视上那样大喊大叫、四处扑腾。A. splash拍水；B. cry哭泣；C. yell大喊；D. scream尖叫。根据后文“Most people drown quite 2 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water.”可知，大多数人溺水时很安静，很快就沉到水下，所以不会大喊大叫、四处扑腾。故选A项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数人溺水时很安静，很快就沉到水下。A. soon很快；B. quietly安静地；C. silently无声地；D. simply仅仅。根据前文“they don’t usually shout”可知，不会大喊大叫，所以沉默无声地。故选C项。
3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：晚上，LeRoy正在测试他一口气能在水下游多远。A. in在……里面；B. within在内部；C. over在……期间；D. on在……上。根据后文“one breath”可知，此处是固定搭配：on one breath意为“一口气”。故选D项。
4．考查状语连接词辨析。句意：无论他怎么努力，他都无法呼吸。A. No matter how不管怎样；B. However不管怎样；C. Whoever无论是谁；D. Whatever无论什么。根据后文“he tried he couldn’t breathe”可知，此处表达“不管怎样”之意，又However是比较正式的用语，大都用于书面语，口语中较少使用；no matter how则比较口语化，它的语势比however重，故常用在强调的场合。故选B项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，游泳池安装了一个名为“波塞冬”的电子监控系统。A. established建立；B. installed安装；C. set设置；D. equipped装备。根据后文“an electronic surveillance system”可知，电子监控系统应该是被安装在游泳池。故选B项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：波塞冬有水下摄像机，可以拍摄人们游泳的过程。A. show显示；B. film拍摄；C. propagate传播；D. outline概述。根据前文“Poseidon has underwater cameras”可知，摄像机是用来拍摄的。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的程序是，当游泳者不正常移动时，它就会识别出来。A. postulated假设；B. made制造；C. programmed编写程序；D. relayed转发。根据前文“an electronic surveillance system called Poseidon”可知，Poseidon是一个电子监控系统，所以应是被编程。故选C项。
8．考查状语连接词辨析。句意：它的程序是，当游泳者不正常移动时，它就会识别出来。A. whether是否；B. when当……时；C. while与……同时；D. if如果。根据后文“a swimmer is not moving normally.”可知，此处表达“当游泳者不正常移动时”之意。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安塞尼斯游泳池的救生员都戴着一种特殊的设备，当电脑检测到可能出现的问题时，它就会发出哔哔声。A. alarmed使担心；B. beeped发出哔哔声；C. warned警告；D. alerted使警惕。根据前文“The lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device”可知，救生员带着装置，由常识推断，这个装置应是提醒救生员有人需要救援，所以应是发出哔哔声进行提醒。故选B项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在医院住了一夜之后，他完全康复出院了。A. healthy健康的；B. normal正常的；C. safe安全的；D. well状态良好。根据后文“Poseidon had saved his life.”可知，波塞冬救了他的命，所以他是完全恢复了。故选D项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这已经发生了。A. always总是；B. merely仅；C. readily乐意地；D. already已经。根据前文“Think of your life before the answering machine was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced.”可知，作者的举例都是已发生的事。故选D项。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会小心溺水的人、携带炸弹的恐怖分子、超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患者。A. watch out提防；B. take care当心；C. look back回顾；D. go over仔细检查。根据后文“for drowning people, for 13 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients.”可知，对于溺水的人，超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患者都应该小心。故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会小心溺水的人、携带炸弹的恐怖分子、超速驾驶的司机和心脏病患者。A. terrorists恐怖分子；B. invalids病弱者；C. senators参议员；D. tyrants暴君。根据后文“carrying bombs”可知，携带炸弹，应是恐怖分子。故选A项。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，机器向附近的计算机发送安静的信号，这些计算机将向你的医生、律师和当地警察发送信息。A. will send将发送；B. to send去发送；C. send发送；D. sending发送。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词Imagine，所以send用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语machines之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选D项。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我们越来越多的生活将被机器监控。A. recorded记录；B. checked检查；C. monitored监视；D. supervised监督。根据前文“Imagine devices that monitor a baby’s breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 14 quiet signals to nearby computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police.”可知，我们越来越多的生活将被机器监控。故选C项。
2.（2024·湖南邵阳·高三邵阳市第二中学校考阶段练习）
When working in person, most of us have a natural understanding of non-verbal (非语言的) signals. That is to say, all the ways in which we 16 work out without words. 17 , in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less 18 .
Many work 19 now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off.
Parts of non-verbal communication have always 20 outside face-to-face interaction, of course. For example, these unnoticeable 21 could begin with a profile picture on your CV (简历); even deciding whether or not to add an emoji (表情图标) in a work group chat can change the 22 of the interaction.
Yet the new workplace shift in where and how we work has 23 the world of non-verbal communication greatly. For instance, in video calls, backgrounds can give all sorts of non-verbal 24 about co-workers’ lifestyles, 25 and level of professionalism.
Let’s say if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin (下巴), 26 others to look up, you begin to dislike him or her, almost 27 . Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 28 how likeable people are noticed to be.
In a new world where 29 working is rapidly developing, being willing to engage non-verbally makes it 30 to understand others and to be understood.
16．A．unite B．communicate C．recognize D．cooperate
17．A．Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore
18．A．important B．separable C．adventurous D．flexible
19．A．conditions B．conversations C．seats D．paces
20．A．survived B．proved C．transformed D．existed
21．A．signals B．maps C．journeys D．articles
22．A．milestone B．analysis C．feel D．study
23．A．quitted B．expanded C．failed D．reduced
24．A．information B．change C．application D．concern
25．A．meetings B．suggestions C．interests D．videos
26．A．inspiring B．forcing C．permitting D．warning
27．A．continuously B．willingly C．carefully D．instantly
28．A．impact B．accomplish C．report D．harm
29．A．specific B．general C．remote D．abstract
30．A．easier B．harder C．more traditional D．more exciting
【答案】
16．B 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。当面工作时，我们大多数人对非语言信号有一种自然的理解，但是在远程工作迅速发展的时代，这种交流似乎不那么重要了，但是愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，我们交流的所有方式都不用言语。A. unite团结；B. communicate交流；C. recognize认出；D. cooperate合作。根据下文“in the digital workspace, this kind of communication can seem less ____3__”可知，此处是指交流的所有方式。故选B。
17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在数字工作空间中，这种交流似乎不那么重要了。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“this kind of communication can seem less”可知，此处和前文构成转折关系。故选B。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. important重要的；B. separable可分离的；C. adventurous勇于冒险的，敢于创新的；D. flexible灵活的。根据后文“and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off (甚至视频会议也可以在关闭摄像头的情况下进行)”可知，此处是指在数字工作空间中这种交流似乎不那么重要了。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，许多工作对话都是通过在线聊天进行的，甚至视频会议也可以在关闭摄像头的情况下进行。A. conditions条件；B. conversations对话；C. seats座位；D. paces节奏。根据下文“via online chats”可知，此处是指许多工作对话。故选B。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。A. survived幸存；B. proved证明；C. transformed转变；D. existed存在。根据上文“Parts of non-verbal communication”和下文“of course”可知，此处是指部分非语言交流一直存在于面对面的互动之外。故选D。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，这些不引人注意的信号可以从你简历上的头像开始；甚至决定是否在工作组聊天中添加表情符号也会改变互动的感觉。A. signals信号；B. maps地图；C. journeys旅行；D. articles文章。根据上文“Parts of non-verbal communication”可知，此处是指这些不引人注意的信号。故选A。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. milestone里程碑；B. analysis分析；C. feel感觉；D. study研究。根据上文“whether or not to add an emoji (表情图标) in a work group chat”可知，此处是指改变互动的感觉。故选C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，新的工作场所在工作地点和工作方式上的转变，极大地扩展了非语言交流的世界。A. quitted停止；B. expanded拓展；C. failed失败；D. reduced减少。根据yet和前文“Parts of non-verbal communication have always existed outside face-to-face interaction, of course.”可知，此处是指极大地扩展了非语言交流的世界。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在视频通话中，背景可以提供关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非语言信息。A. information信息；B. change改变；C. application申请；D. concern担忧。根据下文“about co-workers’ lifestyles, __10___ and level of professionalism”可知，此处是指提供各种非语言信息。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. meetings会议；B. suggestions建议；C. interests兴趣；D. videos录像，视频。根据上文“co-workers’ lifestyles”和下文“and level of professionalism”可知，此处是指关于同事的生活方式、兴趣和专业水平的各种非语言信息。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：比方说，如果一个同事把镜头放在下巴以下，迫使其他人抬头看，你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌他或她。A. inspiring激励；B. forcing强迫；C. permitting允许；D. warning警告。根据上文“if a co-worker positions the camera below the chin”可知，此处是指迫使其他人抬头看。故选B。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. continuously继续；B. willingly愿意地；C. carefully仔细地；D. instantly立即地。根据上文“you begin to dislike him or her”和“almost”可知，此处是指你几乎立刻就会开始讨厌那个迫使别人抬头看的人。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，数据显示，在视频通话过程中，摄像头角度、与摄像头的距离以及眼神交流的能力等因素都会影响人们的受欢迎程度。A. impact影响；B. accomplish完成；C. report报道；D. harm伤害。根据下文“how likeable people are noticed to be”可知，此处是指影响人们的受欢迎程度。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里，愿意以非语言的方式参与会让你更容易理解别人，也更容易被别人理解。A. specific具体的；B. general一般的；C. remote远程的；D. abstract抽象的。根据上文“In a new world”和前文“Many work __4__ now happen via online chats, and even video meetings can go ahead with cameras off. ”可知，此处是指在一个远程工作迅速发展的新世界里。故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. easier更容易的；B. harder更难的；C. more traditional更传统的；D. more exciting更令人兴奋的。根据上文“Indeed, data have shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all 14 how likeable people are noticed to be.”可知，此处是指远程工作中，非语言的方式参与使互相理解更容易。故选A。
3.（2023·广东·高三校联考期末）
An airline loses two suitcases belonging to two different travelers, Lucy and Pete. Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain 31 antiques. An airline manager 32 to compensate for their loss figures that simply asking them for the price is hopeless, for they may 33 it. Instead, he has them write down the price as any dollar between 2 and 100 34 so that they cannot negotiate with each other. If both write the same number, he will pay each of them that amount. If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is 35 and pay both of them the lower number with a 36 and a punishment-the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for 37 and the other will get $2 less instead. For instance, if Lucy writes 46 and Pete writes 100, Lucy will get $48 and Pete will get $44. What numbers will Lucy and Pete write
38 , Lucy’s idea is that she should write the largest possible number, which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly 39 . Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101. But surely this 40 will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too. Continuing with this line of 41 , when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the 42 price of the antique. Experimental studies conducted by economists, however, 43 this narrow view of reason. In their studies, most participants pick $100 or a number close to it, either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll 44 the “unreasonable” number. By doing so, participants ultimately get a much bigger 45 Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies.
31．A．precious B．identical C．missing D．various
32．A．reminded B．enabled C．tasked D．convinced
33．A．value B．highlight C．ignore D．overstate
34．A．at random B．precisely C．with caution D．separately
35．A．dreaming B．cheating C．objecting D．complaining
36．A．bonus B．change C．bill D．credit
37．A．cooperation B．honesty C．selflessness D．intelligence
38．A．Generally B．Surprisingly C．Initially D．Specifically
39．A．foolish B．greedy C．thoughtful D．generous
40．A．experience B．message C．conclusion D．insight
41．A．reasoning B．compromise C．guessing D．struggle
42．A．fair B．high C．real D．low
43．A．confirm B．warn C．challenge D．defeat
44．A．give way to B．get back C．take control of D．benefit from
45．A．compensation B．tip C．investment D．fee
【答案】
31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．B 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．D 41．A 42．C 43．C 44．D 45．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过让两个丢失古董的乘客分别写下古董的价格一事告诉我们，人们似乎有一种自然的合作倾向，其倾向于看似不合理但有益的策略。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两个行李箱碰巧是一样的，里面也装着同样的古董。A. precious宝贵的；B. identical相同的；C. missing找不到的；D. various各种各样的。根据上文“Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain”中also可知，两个行李箱碰巧是一样的，里面也装着同样的古董。后文对古董的估价也能看出来东西是一样的。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位负责赔偿他们损失的航空公司经理说，仅仅问他们价格是没有希望的，因为他们可能会夸大价格。A. reminded提醒；B. enabled使能够；C. tasked委派任务；D. convinced说服。根据后文“to compensate for their loss figures”指经理被委派处理赔偿他们的损失，故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位负责赔偿他们损失的航空公司经理说，仅仅问他们价格是没有希望的，因为他们可能会夸大价格。A. value重视；B. highlight突出；C. ignore忽视；D. overstate夸大。根据上文“simply asking them for the price is hopeless”可知，问价格没有用的原因是会夸大古董的价格，想得到更多赔偿。故选D。
34．考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：相反，他让他们把价格分别写在2到100美元之间，这样他们就不能互相谈判了。A. at random随机地；B. precisely精确地；C. with caution慎重地；D. separately分别地。根据后文“so that they cannot negotiate with each other”可知，想要他们不能互相谈判，就需要让他们分别写下价格。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. dreaming梦想；B. cheating欺骗；C. objecting反对；D. complaining投诉。根据上文“If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is”可知，如果价格写的不一样，那么他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，故选B。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. bonus奖金；B. change改变；C. bill账单；D. credit信用。根据后文“the person writing the lower number will get $2”可知，价格写低的人会得到奖金，故选A。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. cooperation合作；B. honesty诚实；C. selflessness无私；D. intelligence智慧。根据上文“the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for”给写低价格的人奖金的原因是诚实，故选B。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，露西的想法是，她应该写出尽可能大的数字，如果皮特同样贪婪，她将获得100美元。A. Generally通常；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Initially首先；D. Specifically特别。根据后文“Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101.(很快，她突然想到，如果她写99，她会多赚一点——101美元)”可知，露西后来改变了想法，即她最初想写尽可能大的数字。故选C。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初，露西的想法是，她应该写出尽可能大的数字，如果皮特同样贪婪，她将获得100美元。A. foolish愚蠢的；B. greedy贪婪的；C. thoughtful体贴的；D. generous慷慨的。根据上文“which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly”可知，如果皮特同样贪婪，露西将获得100美元。故选B。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但皮特肯定也会有这种想法，他也会选择99。A. experience经历；B. message信息；C. conclusion结论；D. insight想法，洞悉。根据后文“will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too”可知，此处指皮特肯定也会有这种想法，他也会选择99。故选D。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：继续这种推理，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。A. reasoning推理；B. compromise妥协；C. guessing猜测；D. struggle努力。根据上文“What numbers will Lucy and Pete write (露西和皮特会写什么数字？)”可知，上文论述的是两人写价格的推理过程。故选A。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：继续这种推理，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。A. fair公平的；B. high高的；C. real真实的；D. low低的。根据上文“when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the”可知，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。故选C。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，经济学家进行的实验研究挑战了这种狭隘的理性观点。A. confirm确认；B. warn警告；C. challenge挑战；D. defeat打败。后文提到在他们的研究中，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益，即经济学家进行的实验研究挑战了这种狭隘的理性观点。故选C。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他们的研究中，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益。A. give way to让步；B. get back报复；C. take control of控制；D. benefit from受益于。根据上文“either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll”可知，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益。故选D。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，参与者最终得到了更大的补偿。A. compensation补偿；B. tip诀窍；C. investment投资；D. fee费用。根据后文“Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies.(基于此，研究人员得出结论，人们似乎有一种自然的合作倾向，这种倾向倾向于看似不合理但有益的策略)”可知，参与者最终得到了更大的补偿。故选A。
4.（2024·广东汕头·高二金山中学校考期末）
Preet Chandi, an Asian woman, returned from a trek (徒步旅行) across Greenland last year. She hopes to 46 an unsupported trek across Antarctica to the south pole by herself. The 700-mile journey will take about 45 days. She will face the 47 cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she 48 .
Preet Chandi 49 it is a tough journey. But she feels well prepared after years of 50 . In recent weeks she has been 51 tyres around the streets near her home. She has received a number of curious questions from 52 . “If you come from a community that is not involved in 53 at all, it can be really hard,” she said, adding that a number of people thought she was to 54 for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole. “It’s just beyond their 55 .”
In the south pole, one may 56 nothing in front for days except snow. It is quite a mental 57 . Thus, her partner has left messages inside her tent, while friends have 58 voice notes for her to listen to on the journey.
When she returns, she plans to put aside some money to 59 more women to try outdoor adventures. She is pleased to see change in what has 60 been a male-dominated area. What an inspiring woman!
46．A．abandon B．sponsor C．complete D．introduce
47．A．bare B．bitter C．bearable D．breathless
48．A．settles down B．checks out C．sets off D．turns up
49．A．admits B．denies C．hopes D．prays
50．A．working B．adjustment C．struggle D．training
51．A．lifting B．dragging C．rolling D．pushing
52．A．passers-by B．explorers C．visitors D．cyclists
53．A．activities B．adventures C．competitions D．sports
54．A．push B．run C．head D．look
55．A．control B．ability C．reach D．knowledge
56．A．touch B．feel C．see D．smell
57．A．challenge B．trouble C．dilemma D．success
58．A．played B．recorded C．presented D．taken
59．A．urge B．persuade C．command D．fund
60．A．extremely B．incredibly C．temporarily D．typically
【答案】
46．C 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．D 56．C 57．A 58．B 59．D 60．D
【导语】本文是篇说明文。Chandi是一名部队理疗师，她希望成为第一位完成一次穿越南极洲到达南极的无支持的个人远足的有色人种女性，以此来激励人们走出舒适区挑战自我。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的无支撑徒步旅行。A. abandon放弃；B. sponsor赞助；C. complete完成；D. introduce介绍。根据上文“Preet Chandi, an Asian woman, returned from a trek across Greenland last year.(亚洲女性普里特·钱迪去年徒步穿越格陵兰岛回来)”可知，这次她希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的徒步旅行，故选C项。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她出发时拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。A. bare赤裸的；B. bitter痛苦的；C. bearable可忍受的；D. breathless喘不过来气的。根据下文的“cold of -50℃（零下50℃的低温）”可知，这里说的是痛苦的，故选B项。
48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. settles down安定下来；B. checks out检查；C. sets off动身，出发；D. turns up出现。根据上文“She will face the__2____cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg（她拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。）”可知，这里说的是她出发时，故选C项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：普里特·钱迪承认这是一段艰难的旅程。A. admits承认；B. denies否定；C. hopes希望；D. prays祈祷。根据下文“But she feels well prepared after years of ____5____（但经过多年的训练，她觉得自己准备得很好。）”可知，她承认这是个艰难的旅程，所以进行了多年的训练，故选A项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过多年的训练，她觉得自己准备好了。A. working工作；B. adjustment调整；C. struggle斗争；D. training训练。根据上文“Preet Chandi____4____ it is a tough journey. But she feels well prepared But she feels well prepared（普里特·钱迪承认这是一段艰难的旅程。她觉得自己准备好了）”可知，这里说的是多年的训练后，她觉得自己准备好了，故选D项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近几周，她一直在家附近的街道上拖着轮胎。A. lifting举起；B. dragging拖拽；C. rolling翻滚；D. pushing推。根据第一段中“She will face the biting cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she ___3____.（她出发时拖着一辆95公斤重的雪橇，将面临-50℃的严寒。）”可知，她是在为出发时，拖拽雪橇在进行训练，故选B项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从路人那里收到了许多奇怪的问题。A. passers-by路人；B. explorers探险者；C. visitors游客；D. cyclists骑自行车的人。根据上文“In recent weeks she has been ___6___tyres around the streets near her home.（最近几周，她一直在家附近的街道上拖着轮胎。）”可知，在她家附近遇到的应该是过路人，故选A项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“如果你来自一个完全不参与冒险的社区，那就真的很难了。”A. activities活动；B. adventures冒险经历；C. competitions竞争；D. sports运动。根据下文“adding that a number of people thought she was to____9____ for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole.（她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。）”可知，这里说的是来自不参与冒险的社区，故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。A. push推；B. run跑；C. head朝……行进；D. look看。根据第一段中“She hopes to __1___ an unsupported trek across Antarctica to the south pole by herself.（他希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的无支撑徒步旅行。）”可知，这里说的是要朝南极进发，故选C项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这超出了他们的知识范围。A. control控制；B. ability能力；C. reach河段；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“adding that a number of people thought she was to____9____ for Southall, in west London, not to the south pole.（她补充说，许多人认为她是去伦敦西部的索斯霍尔，而不是去南极。）”可知，这里说的是超出了他们的知识范围，故选D项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在南极，人们可能会在未来几天里除了雪什么都看不到。A. touch触摸；B. feel感觉；C. see看；D. smell闻。根据上文“In the south pole,（在南极）”以及下文中的“except snow（除了雪）”可知，这里说的是除了雪什么都看不到，故选C项。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个相当大的心理挑战。A. challenge挑战；B. trouble麻烦；C. dilemma窘境；D. success成功。根据上文“In the south pole, one may__11____nothing in front for days except snow（在南极，人们可能会在未来几天里除了雪什么都看不到。）”可知，这里说的是很大的心理挑战，故选A项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，她的伴侣在她的帐篷里留言，而朋友们则录制了语音消息，让她在旅途中听。A. played玩；B. recorded录制；C. presented展示；D. taken取走。根据下文“for her to listen to on the journey.（让她在旅途中听）”可知，这里说的是录制了语音消息，故选B项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她回来的时候，她计划存一些钱来资助更多的女性尝试户外冒险。A. urge敦促；B. persuade说服；C. command命令；D. fund为……提供资金。根据上文“When she returns, she plans to put aside some money（当她回来时，她打算存一些钱）”可知，这里说的是资助更多的女性尝试户外冒险，故选D项。
60．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴看到通常男性占主导地位的领域发生了变化。A. extremely极度地；B. incredibly难以置信地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. typically通常。根据上文的“outdoor adventures（户外冒险）”可知，这是男性通常占主导地位的领域，故选D项。
5.（2023·山东威海·高三统考期末）
Getting a story or a book published is difficult for most ambitious authors. But in Malaysia, a unique program for 61 people offers a helping hand. The Junior Writers Programme (JWP) provides essential writing skills and a chance to be 62 .
“The JWP is not just a writing program,” said Brigitte Rozario, who 63 the program. “It’s an opportunity to help young writers chase their dreams and 64 the effort required for publishing a book.”
The program focuses on writing, revising, and editing, with publication the reward. Only the most dedicated writers are 65 . Those who want to be considered for the program must 66 a strict application process. Some 67 the first time and reapply.
Rozario founded the program in 2018. “A couple I knew said that their daughter was very interested in writing,” she explained, “but they didn’t know how to 68 her talent.” Rozario was 69 to help. After several months of planning, the JWP was born.
Each year, about 20 students get the chance to improve their 70 . They are given a 71 to explore in the anthology (选集) of stories they create for publication. In 2022, the fifth year of the program, the topic was “Secrets and Lies.” 72 in the anthology cover everything from friendships and families to staying true to oneself. 73 from the book go to local charitable organizations. When you 74 an anthology, you know that you are supporting a 75 cause.
The JWP proves the fact that a teacher, friend, or instructor can make your talents shine. That is who Rozario is and what she believes.
61．A．poor B．active C．young D．creative
62．A．sold B．written C．published D．translated
63．A．publicized B．founded C．joined D．supported
64．A．joint B．describe C．double D．understand
65．A．listed B．attracted C．noticed D．accepted
66．A．pass B．record C．design D．study
67．A．fail B．hesitate C．leave D．miss
68．A．measure B．introduce C．nurture D．recognize
69．A．forced B．inspired C．allowed D．reminded
70．A．habits B．grades C．skills D．memories
71．A．question B．book C．secret D．theme
72．A．Stories B．Topics C．Lessons D．Pictures
73．A．Notes B．Profits C．Awards D．Examples
74．A．buy B．collect C．read D．recommend
75．A．common B．worthy C．global D．successful
【答案】
61．C 62．C 63．B 64．D 65．D 66．A 67．A 68．C 69．B 70．C 71．D 72．A 73．B 74．A 75．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马来西亚的青年作家计划为有写作才能的年轻人提供写作技巧和发表作品的机会。
61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在马来西亚，一个独特的年轻人项目伸出了援助之手。A. poor贫穷的；B. active活跃的；C. young年轻的；D. creative创造性的。根据后文“help young writers”可知项目主要帮助年轻人。故选C。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：青年作家计划（JWP）提供必要的写作技巧和发表作品的机会。A. sold出售；B. written写；C. published出版，发表；D. translated翻译。根据后文“the effort required for publishing a book”这个组织提供必要的写作技巧和发表作品的机会。故选C。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“JWP不仅仅是一个写作项目，”该项目创始人布丽吉特·罗萨里奥说。A. publicized宣传；B. founded建立；C. joined加入；D. supported支持。根据上文“Rozario founded the program in 2018.”可知，Brigitte Rozario建立了这个项目。故选B。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个帮助年轻作家追逐梦想、了解出书需要付出努力的机会。”A. joint联合；B. describe描述；C. double翻倍；D. understand理解。根据后文“the effort required for publishing a book”可知，这个主旨主要帮助年轻作家追逐梦想、了解出书需要付出努力。故选D。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有最敬业的作家才会被录用。A. listed列举；B. attracted吸引；C. noticed注意到；D. accepted接受。根据上文“Only the most dedicated writers are”指最敬业的作家才会被组织所接受录用。故选D。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些想要被考虑参加该计划的人必须通过严格的申请程序。A. pass通过；B. record记录；C. design设计；D. study学习。根据后文“a strict application process”可知，想要参加计划的人要通过申请程序。故选A。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些第一次失败了，然后重新申请。A. fail失败；B. hesitate犹豫；C. leave离开；D. miss错过。根据后文“the first time and reapply”指第一次失败，然后重新申请。故选A。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我认识的一对夫妇说，他们的女儿对写作很感兴趣，”她解释说，“但他们不知道如何培养她的天赋。”A. measure测量；B. introduce介绍；C. nurture培养；D. recognize识别。根据上文“A couple I knew said that their daughter was very interested in writing”可知，女儿喜欢写作，但夫妇两不知道如何培养女儿的天赋。故选C。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗萨里奥受到启发，想要帮忙。A. forced迫使；B. inspired鼓舞，启发；C. allowed允许；D. reminded提醒。此处指创始人受到这对夫妇的启发，想要帮助他们培养女儿的天赋。故选B。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年，大约有20名学生有机会提高他们的技能。A. habits习惯；B. grades成绩；C. skills技能；D. memories记忆。呼应上文“provides essential writing skills”指有机会提高技能。故选C。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们被给予一个主题，在他们创作出版的故事集中去探索。A. question问题；B. book书；C. secret秘密；D. theme主题。根据后文“In 2022, the fifth year of the program, the topic was “Secrets and Lies.”(2022年是该计划的第五年，主题是“秘密与谎言”)”可知，参与者会被给予一个主题，故选D。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：选集里的故事涵盖了从友谊、家庭到忠于自我的方方面面。A. Stories故事；B. Topics主题；C. Lessons课程；D. Pictures图片。根据后文“from friendships and families to staying true to oneself”指故事内容多样，涵盖范围广。故选A。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书的收益将捐给当地的慈善组织。A. Notes笔记；B. Profits利润；C. Awards奖励；D. Examples例子。根据后文“go to local charitable organizations”此处指这本书的收益将捐给当地的慈善组织。故选B。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你买了一本选集，你就知道你支持的是一项有价值的事业。A. buy购买；B. collect收集；C. read阅读；D. recommend推荐。根据后文“an anthology, you know that you are supporting a”可知，购买选集就是支持慈善事业，因为书的收益将捐给当地的慈善组织。故选A。
75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你买了一本选集，你就知道你支持的是一项有价值的事业。A. common共同的；B. worthy值得的；C. global全球的；D. successful成功的。上文提到这本书的收益将捐给当地的慈善组织，所以当你买了一本选集，你就知道你支持的是一项有价值的事业。故选B。
6.（2024·广东潮州·高二统考期末）
In the last 100 years, the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75℃. Such a small increase is causing sea levels to rise and 76 the habitat of many species of plants and animals. A(n) 77 of 2℃ in global temperatures could result in 78 of 30% of the world’s land species.
Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100 years and experts 79 that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future. 80 , areas which were land a few hundred years ago are now under water.
As a result of the changing 81 , the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before. So what is 82 climate change The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases like CO2 in the atmosphere, but the reason for this is the world’s population — you and me. As the 83 increases, more land is needed to provide food, and more energy is 84 too. Burning fossil fuels for heating, lighting, transport, or electricity 85 CO2. Furthermore, humans breathe out CO2 and trees “breathe in” CO2 and produce oxygen — so by 86 trees, we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen. As a result of these 87 , CO2 levels are now at their highest for 800,000 years.
The biggest 88 we all face is to prevent further environmental disasters. We need to 89 burning fossil fuels and start using renewable energy. If we can get enough 90 from renewable fuels, we can stop using fossil fuels completely.
76．A．attacking B．ignoring C．threatening D．discovering
77．A．limitation B．reduction C．increase D．improvement
78．A．extinction B．escape C．change D．development
79．A．argue B．explain C．doubt D．predict
80．A．Surprisingly B．Consequently C．Immediately D．Usually
81．A．climate B．height C．period D．environment
82．A．forcing B．allowing C．causing D．helping
83．A．animal B．species C．plants D．population
84．A．wasted B．needed C．supplied D．stored
85．A．produces B．includes C．requires D．provides
86．A．transporting to B．searching for C．planting in D．cutting down
87．A．questions B．activities C．procedures D．disasters
88．A．challenge B．disadvantage C．adventure D．influence
89．A．consider B．deny C．stop D．hate
90．A．time B．energy C．inspiration D．knowledge
【答案】
76．C 77．C 78．A 79．D 80．B 81．A 82．C 83．D 84．B 85．A 86．D 87．B 88．A 89．C 90．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化对全球生态系统的影响和引起气候变化的原因。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如此微小的上升正在导致海平面上升，并威胁到许多动植物的栖息地。A. attacking攻击；B. ignoring忽视；C. threatening威胁；D. discovering发现。根据上文“causing sea levels to rise and”可知，海平面上升威胁到了许多动植物的栖息地。故选C。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球气温每升高2℃，就可能导致世界上30%的陆地物种灭绝。A. limitation限制；B. reduction减少；C. increase升高；D. improvement改善。根据上文“In the last 100 years, the global temperature has gone up by around 0.75℃.(在过去的100年里，全球气温上升了大约0.75℃)”可知，此处指全球气温升高的影响。故选C。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球气温每升高2℃，就可能导致世界上30%的陆地物种灭绝。A. extinction灭绝；B. escape逃走；C. change改变；D. development发展。根据上文“the habitat of many species of plants and animals.”提到了海平面上升威胁到许多动植物的栖息地，由此可知，气温升高会导致物种灭绝。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的100年里，英国的海平面上升了大约10厘米，专家们预测，在不久的将来，全球海平面可能会上升59厘米。A. argue争论；B. explain解释；C. doubt怀疑；D. predict预测。根据后文“that global sea levels could rise by up to 59 cm in the near future”可知，此处是专家的预测：在不久的将来，全球海平面可能会上升59厘米。故选D。
80．考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果，几百年前还是陆地的地区现在都被水淹没了。A. Surprisingly惊人地；B. Consequently结果；C. Immediately立即；D. Usually通常。上文“Sea levels in the UK have increased by around 10 cm in the last 100 years”提到在过去的100年里，英国的海平面上升了大约10厘米，因此结果就是几百年前还是陆地的地区现在都被水淹没了。故选B。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于气候变化，世界生态系统的变化也比以往任何时候都要快。A. climate气候；B. height高度；C. period时期；D. environment环境。根据后文“the world’s ecosystems are also changing faster than ever before”可知，生态系统变化是因为气候在发生变化，后文“climate change”也给出了提示。故选A。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么是什么导致了气候变化呢？A. forcing迫使；B. allowing允许；C. causing导致；D. helping帮助。根据后文“The main cause of climate change”可知，此处问的是：是什么导致了气候变化。故选C。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着人口的增长，需要更多的土地来提供食物，同时也需要更多的能源。A. animal动物；B. species物种；C. plants植物；D. population人口。根据上文“The main cause of climate change is the huge amount of greenhouse gases like CO2 in the atmosphere, but the reason for this is the world’s population — you and me.(气候变化的主要原因是大气中大量的二氧化碳等温室气体，但其原因是世界人口——你和我)”可知，此处指人口的增长。故选D。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着人口的增长，需要更多的土地来提供食物，同时也需要更多的能源。A. wasted浪费；B. needed需要；C. supplied供应；D. stored储存。根据上文“more land is needed to provide food, and more energy is”可知，随着人口的增长，需要更多的土地来提供食物，同时也需要更多的能源。故选B。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：燃烧化石燃料取暖、照明、运输或发电会产生二氧化碳。A. produces产生；B. includes包含；C. requires需要；D. provides提供。根据上文“Burning fossil fuels for heating, lighting, transport, or electricity”以及常识，燃烧化石燃料会产生二氧化碳。故选A。
86．考查动词短语辨析。句意：此外，人类呼出二氧化碳，树木“吸入”二氧化碳并产生氧气——因此，通过砍伐树木，我们增加了大气中的二氧化碳含量，减少了氧气含量。A. transporting to运送到；B. searching for寻找；C. planting in种植；D. cutting down砍伐。根据后文“trees, we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and reducing the amount of oxygen.”可知，我们增加了大气中的二氧化碳含量，是因为砍伐森林。故选D。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为这些活动的结果，二氧化碳水平现在达到了80万年来的最高水平。A. questions问题；B. activities活动；C. procedures程序；D. disasters灾难。根据语境可知，上文主要列举了人口增加、燃烧化石燃料、砍伐森林等人类的一系列活动，导致了二氧化碳增加。故选B。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们所有人面临的最大挑战是防止进一步的环境灾难。A. challenge挑战；B. disadvantage缺点；C. adventure冒险；D. influence影响。根据后文“we all face is to prevent further environmental disasters”可知，防止进一步的环境灾难是人们面临的最大挑战。故选A。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要停止燃烧化石燃料，开始使用可再生能源。A. consider考虑；B. deny否认；C. stop停止；D. hate讨厌。根据后文“we can stop using fossil fuels completely”指需要停止燃烧化石燃料，开始使用可再生能源。故选C。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们能从可再生燃料中获得足够的能量，我们就能完全停止使用化石燃料。A. time时间；B. energy能量；C. inspiration鼓舞；D. knowledge知识。根据后文“from renewable fuels”可知，从燃料中获得的是能量。故选B。
7.（2024·上海·高三上海市育才中学校考期末）
History has not yet 91 what we will definitively call the postmillennial cohort (2000年后出生的人) that now 92 more than 60 million people in the U.S. These kids and 93 with no concept of life 94 the Internet have so far been called the App Generation and Generation Z. They’ve been referred to as Homelanders, having grown up under the ghost of terorism. They’ve also been 95 the Plurals, for their historic diversity, as well as the Founders, at least by MTV.
Whatever we 96 naming them, marketers and academies are turning their attention to this group, which has billions in 97 and is already shaping the culture. This generation is growing up “totally and utterly connected,” says California State University psychologist Larry Rosen. Experts like Rosen have concerns about these kids’ Google-inspired expectations that everything be 98 . They worry about their inability to 99 even five seconds of boredom. And they worry about the demands that come with 100 several identities online, from Facebook to Twitter to Snapchat. “There’s so much pressure on young people, who are still 101 their identities, to present this crystallized, idealized identity online,” says the University of Washington’s Katie Davis.
Historian Neil Howe sees 102 with the Silent Generation, the spoilt, risk-avoiding, “nice” generation of kids who grew up during the Great Depression and World War II, although some marked differences are found. Today’s youths are also coming of age among geopolitical trouble and fears about the economy, he says, 103 schools emphasize an intense far-reaching sensitivity to other kids. He suspects this 104 will be known for being well behaved and perhaps boring the culture by playing it safe. “There are typical examples that occur repeatedly,” Howe says, “even if they go by different 105 .”
91．A．remarked B．convinced C．guaranteed D．revealed
92．A．numbers B．houses C．accommodates D．contains
93．A．peers B．adolescents C．folks D．guys
94．A．over B．without C．besides D．beyond
95．A．diagnosed B．dismissed C．labeled D．coined
96．A．end up B．consider about C．appeal for D．approve of
97．A．distribution force B．purchasing power C．global view D．unique outlooks
98．A．vivid B．instructive C．instant D．profitable
99．A．feed up with B．put up with C．make up for D．identify with
100．A．faking B．revising C．illustrating D．maintaining
101．A．supervising B．forming C．representing D．promoting
102．A．parallels B．contrasts C．comparisons D．reservations
103．A．because B．although C．while D．when
104．A．emphasis B．generation C．intensity D．cultivation
105．A．routes B．schemes C．names D．definitions
【答案】
91．D 92．A 93．B 94．B 95．C 96．A 97．B 98．C 99．B 100．D 101．B 102．A 103．C 104．B 105．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2000年后出生的这一代人在网络时代成长起来，生活方式与以往的人们不一样，并且成为社会主流人群，开始影响社会文化。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史还没有揭示我们将确切地把现在美国的人数已经超过6000万的后千禧一代的人称之为什么。根据后面的宾语“what we will definitively call the postmillennial cohort”可知，2000年后出生的人历史上会把他们称作什么还不明确，因为还没有成为历史，动词reveal指揭示事实，符合语境，事实还不明朗。A. remarked评论；B. convinced使信服；C. guaranteed担保；D. revealed揭露；证明，展示。故选D项。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史还没有揭示我们将确切地把现在美国的人数已经超过6000万的后千禧一代的人称之为什么。A. numbers总计；B. houses提供住所；C. accommodates提供住宿；D. contains包含；含有；容纳。该空为that引导定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词the postmillennial cohort 做主语，后面宾语是“more than 60 million people”，这里应该是指2000年后出生的人总计达到了6000万。动词number意为“总计”。故选A项。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些对没有互联网的生活毫无概念的孩子和青少年迄今为止被称为应用程序一代和z一代。A. peers同领人；B. adolescents青少年；C. folks家人；人们；D. guys家伙，小伙子；兄弟，伙计。2000年后出生的人都是小孩子和青少年，年龄都还不大。故选B项。
94．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些对没有互联网的生活毫无概念的孩子和青少年迄今为止被称为应用程序一代和z一代。A. over超过；B. without没有；C. besides除…以外；D. beyond超出。该空介词及其宾语“the Internet”作life的后置定语，根据life前的“with no concept of”可知，这里指00后对于没有网络的生活一无所知，因为他们一出生就接触到了网络。故选B项。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也被贴上了the Plurals(多元一代)的标签，因为他们在历史上的多元化，以及the Founders(始创者)，至少在MTV频道上。A. diagnosed诊断；B. dismissed解散；开除；驳回；C. labeled贴标签；D. coined创造新词，首次使用；铸币，造币。根据上一句“These kids and 3 with no concept of life 4 the Internet have so far been called the App Generation and Generation Z. They’ve been referred to as Homelanders, having grown up under the ghost of terorism.”中的“the App Generation and Generation Z”和“Homelanders”是一些人们对00后一代的一些称谓，本句中的“the Plurals和 the Founders”也是给他们专有称谓，他们被贴标签，labeled符合语境与上一句中called和referred to意义一致。故选C项。
96．考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管我们最终给他们起什么名字，营销人员和学术机构都把注意力转向了这个拥有数十亿美元的群体，他们已经在塑造文化。A. end up结束；B. consider about考虑；C. appeal for呼吁，恳请；D. approve of赞成。本文首句表示历史对00后这一代人还没有明确的称呼，但是很多机构已经给出了很多说法。end up doing意为“最终会做某事”，这里指最终历史会给这代人一个什么样的称呼。故选A项。
97．考查名词短语辨析。句意：不管我们最终给他们起什么名字，营销人员和学术机构都把注意力转向了这个拥有数十亿美元购买力的群体，他们已经在塑造文化。A. distribution force分布力；B. purchasing power购买力；C. global view全球视野；D. unique outlooks独特的观点。空前的主语which指代先行词the group，空前的billions应该指的是钱数，指的是00后一代人的消费能力，购买力，他们已经成为社会不容忽视的群体，“marketers”关注的应该是消费者的消费能力。故选B项。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像罗森这样的专家对这些孩子受到谷歌启发的期望感到担忧，他们认为所有东西都能立即获得。 A. vivid生动的；B. instructive有教育意义的，有启发的；C. instant立即的；即时的；D. profitable有利可图的，盈利的。“that everything be 8 .”为expectations的同位语从句，谷歌的特点就是反馈“快”，所以这些孩子会期待一切都应该立即得到反应，回应。呼应下一句“their inability to 9 even five seconds of boredom”的说法，认为他们忍受不了5秒钟的无聊等待。故选C项。
99．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们担心自己无法忍受哪怕五秒钟的无聊。 A. feed up with厌倦；B. put up with容忍；C. make up for弥补；D. identify with认同，产生共鸣。该空动词短语的宾语是“even five seconds of boredom”，专家担心这些生活在网络时代的孩子会认为一切都应该快速得到回复，有可能五分钟的无聊也忍受不了。故选B项。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还担心在Facebook、Twitter和Snapchat等网站上保持多重身份所带来的要求。A. faking伪造，冒充；不懂装懂；B. revising修改；C. illustrating阐明；加插图；D. maintaining保持。网络时代长大的这些孩子在各社交媒体网站都有账户ID，他们得要维护这些网站上自己的身份。故选D项。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：年轻人的压力太大了，他们还在形成自己的身份，要在网上展示这种具体化、理想化的身份。A. supervising指导，监督；B. forming形成，组成；C. representing代表，象征；D. promoting促进；宣传；晋升，提拔。现在孩子们还可能会因为有新的社交媒体，可能还会形成新的身份。故选B项。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：历史学家尼尔·豪(Neil Howe)看到了与“沉默的一代”(Silent Generation)的相似之处，“沉默的一代”是在大萧条和第二次世界大战期间长大的、被宠坏的、不愿冒险的“好”一代，尽管他们也发现了一些明显的差异。A. parallels相似的手法，相似之处；B. contrasts对比，对照；C. comparisons比较；D. reservations预定。根据下文“although some marked differences are found”可知，虽然这两代人有明显的差异，但是他们看到了他们之间的相似之处。parallels与differences呼应。故选A项。
103．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说，如今的年轻人也是在地缘政治问题和对经济的担忧中长大的，而学校则强调对其他孩子有着强烈而深远的敏感性。A. because因为；B. although尽管；C. while当……时候；而却；D. when当……的时候。这里指社会和学校对孩子的要求进行对比，并列连词while可以表示前后对比。故选C项。
104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他怀疑这一代人将以举止得体而闻名，也许会因为行事谨慎而令文化感到厌烦。A. emphasis强调；B. generation一代，一辈儿；C. intensity强烈；强度；D. cultivation耕作，开垦；培养。根据“will be known for being well behaved ”可知，该句主语应该是人，这里指00后这一代人。故选B项。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“有一些典型的例子反复出现，”Howe说，“即使它们有不同的名字。”A. routes路线；B. schemes计划，方案；C. names 姓名；名义；D. definitions定义。在even if的从句中主语they指代typical examples ,by...names或by the name of 意为“以……的名义”或使用……的名字，符合语境。这里指这一代人中的典型例子有可能会有各种不同的名称，呼应第一段中的“the App Generation and Generation Z”和“Homelanders”“the Plurals和 the Founders”。故选C项。
8.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨三中校考期末）
Years ago, I lived in the English midlands and would walk the same route along the local canal each evening. On winter mornings, I would see the 106 sight of bird flocks dancing across the landscape, a distant cacophony (刺耳的嘈杂声) 107 above the fields. They were jackdaws (寒鸦), the smallest member of the crow family.
Research led by Masters student Alex Dibnah asked: Why are jackdaws so loud when they 108 Then he began to work with a team. The team’s 109 was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “ 110 ”. Each individual’s call might 111 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate (协调) their 112 .
To test this, the researchers artificially 113 call levels during the jackdaws’ morning cacophony using speakers at their sleeping sites. When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 114 earlier, showing they use calls as a check-in system.
Individual jackdaws 115 from leaving with the flock because they get more social information like where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food, and they’re less 116 being attacked. This sort of decision-making isn’t 117 to jackdaws — it’s been reported in other species as well.
So, the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to 118 a large group. If you’re 119 by the noise, find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in 120 .
106．A．frightening B．peaceful C．familiar D．unusual
107．A．fading B．stopping C．changing D．rising
108．A．fly B．gather C．appear D．return
109．A．evidence B．theory C．experiment D．difficulty
110．A．fitting in B．breaking in C．stepping in D．signing in
111．A．resign B．count C．check D．rank
112．A．movement B．progress C．gesture D．demand
113．A．created B．graded C．increased D．maintained
114．A．settled B．left C．escaped D．arrived
115．A．benefit B．learn C．suffer D．keep
116．A．in defense of B．in control of C．at risk of D．at the sight of
117．A．common B．essential C．open D．unique
118．A．joining B．organizing C．mastering D．warning
119．A．bothered B．impressed C．surprised D．fascinated
120．A．trouble B．wonder C．peace D．charge
【答案】
106．C 107．D 108．B 109．B 110．D 111．B 112．A 113．C 114．B 115．A 116．C 117．D 118．B 119．A 120．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳（Alex Dibnah）领导着做了一项关于为什么寒鸦聚集时声音大的研究。
106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在冬天的早晨，我会看到熟悉的景象，成群的鸟在风景中跳舞，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。A. frightening令人害怕的；B. peaceful和平的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据上文“would walk the same route along the local canal each evening”可知，亚历克斯·迪布纳每天晚上都会沿着当地的运河走同样的路，所以他看到的是每天都会看见的熟悉的景象。故选C。
107．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. fading褪色；B. stopping停止；C. changing改变；D. rising上升。根据下文“above the fields”可知，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。故选D。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳领导着做的研究问道：为什么寒鸦聚集时声音这么大？A. fly飞；B. gather聚集；C. appear出现；D. return回来。根据下文“showing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦声音这么大是在它们早上聚集时发出的。故选B。
109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队的理论是，早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。A. evidence证明；B. theory理论；C. experiment实验；D. difficulty困难。根据下文“was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “ 5 ” .”可知，接下来是亚历克斯·迪布纳先推测的理论结果。故选B。
110．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第4题详解。A. fitting in适应；B. breaking in破门而入；C. stepping in迈进；D. signing in签到。根据下文“Each individual’s call might 6 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate(协调) their 7 .”和“showing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。故选D。
111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个成员的喊叫都可以认为是“我加入了！”帮助他们协调行动。A. resign辞职；B. count计数，认为；C. check检查；D. rank排名。根据下文“as an “I’m in!””可知，这里指每个寒鸦成员的喊叫都被认为是“我加入了！”的信号。故选B。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. movement移动；B. progress进步；C. gesture姿势；D. demand要求。根据下文“When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 9 earlier, showing they use calls as a check-in system.”可知，这里指寒鸦成员的叫声协调了它们的到来和离开的行动。故选A。
113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了测试这一点，研究人员在寒鸦睡觉的地方使用扬声器，人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。A. created创造；B. graded分级；C. increased增加；D. maintained保持。根据下文“using speakers”可知，研究人员使用扬声器，应该是人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。故选C。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当播放额外的喊叫时，寒鸦会提前离开，这表明它们将叫声作为登记系统。A. settled定居；B. left离开；C. escaped逃脱；D. arrived到达。根据上文“When extra calls were played”和下文“leaving with the flock”可知，当额外的叫声被播放时，寒鸦会当成是要离开的信号，所以会提前离开。故选B。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：个体寒鸦从与群体一起离开中受益，因为它们可以获得更多的社会信息，比如在哪里寻找食物，它们可以最大限度地延长寻找食物的时间，而且它们被攻击的风险更小。A. benefit获益；B. learn学习；C. suffer遭受；D. keep保持。根据下文“because they get more social information like where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food”可知，这是和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处。故选A。
116．考查介词短语辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. in defense of防御；B. in control of控制；C. at risk of冒险；D. at the sight of看见。根据上文“Individual jackdaws 10 from leaving with the flock”可知，这是个体寒鸦和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处，所以个体寒鸦被攻击的风险应该是更小。故选C。
117．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种决策并非寒鸦独有，其他物种也有报道。A. common常见的；B. essential基础的；C. open开的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“it’s been reported in other species as well”可知，其他物种也有报道这种决策，所以它并非寒鸦独有的。故选D。
118．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。A. joining加入；B. organizing组织；C. mastering精通；D. warning警告。根据上文“the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to”可知，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声应该是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。故选B。
119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你被噪音困扰，请从噪音越大，越早让你平静下来这一事实中找到安慰。A. bothered打扰；B. impressed给…印象；C. surprised使吃惊；D. fascinated迷住。根据下文“by the noise”可知，这里应该是指人们会被寒鸦的喊叫烦扰。故选A。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第14题详解。A. trouble麻烦；B. wonder奇迹；C. peace和平；D. charge控告。根据上文“find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in”可知，寒鸦叫的声音越大越早，说明它们会越早离开，就会让你越早平静下来。故选C。
9.（2023·河南口·高三周口市文昌中学阶段练习）
It is 8:30 a.m. at the Chengdu Research Base. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and 121 . When the babies see the keepers, they run over to them with 122 and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and 123 ! They’re so cute and lovely, and the keepers takes care of them like they’re their own babies. 124 , many people around the world love these black and white animals. Pandas have become so 125 that they are now a symbol of China.
Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. 126 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. Pandas do not have 127 babies, maybe only one every two years. The babies often 128 illnesses and do not live very long. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day 129 about 10 kilos of bamboo. Many years ago, there were a lot more bamboo forests and pandas in China, but then humans started to 130 these forests. As the forests get smaller and other human activities 131 more problems, pandas cannot find enough to eat and they are having 132 babies.
An education program in Chengdu teaches children about pandas and other 133 wild animals. They send people to schools to tell children about the importance of 134 these animals. And the Chinese government is trying hard to help save the pandas. Scientists are doing research to better 135 the habits of pandas. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas.
121．A．angry B．hungry C．scary D．satisfactory
122．A．excitement B．amazement C．puzzlement D．embarrassment
123．A．fall back B．fall away C．fall behind D．fall over
124．A．Finally B．Nevertheless C．Actually D．Therefore
125．A．boring B．popular C．pitiful D．careful
126．A．more B．part C．all D．Another
127．A．many B．any C．some D．few
128．A．die for B．die away C．die from D．die down
129．A．producing B．wasting C．growing D．eating
130．A．cut down B．cut up C．cut in D．cut back
131．A．solve B．cause C．find D．forget
132．A．more B．fewer C．no D．stronger
133．A．injured B．homeless C．poor D．endangered
134．A．killing B．seizing C．saving D．enjoying
135．A．understand B．break C．change D．overlook
【答案】
121．B 122．A 123．D 124．C 125．B 126．D 127．A 128．C 129．D 130．A 131．B 132．B 133．D 134．C 135．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大熊猫，包括其生活习性、生存状况以及保护措施。
121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早上9点，他们发现大多数宝宝已经醒了，而且饿了。A. angry生气的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. scary令人害怕的；D. satisfactory令人满意的。根据上文的“It is 8:30 a.m. at the Chengdu Research Base. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast.”可知，八点半时，饲养员已经在准备熊猫的早饭；而根据空前的“At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake”以及常理可知，九点的时候，熊猫宝宝应该饿了。故选B。
122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当熊猫宝宝看到饲养员时，它们兴奋地跑向饲养员，一些熊猫宝宝甚至撞到它们的朋友身上摔倒了！A. excitement兴奋；B. amazement惊异；C. puzzlement困惑；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据空前的“they run over to them”以及下文“some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and ____3____!”可知，熊猫宝宝看到伺养员的时候非常兴奋。故选A。
123．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当熊猫宝宝看到饲养员时，它们兴奋地跑向饲养员，一些熊猫宝宝甚至撞到它们的朋友身上摔倒了！A. fall back后退；B. fall away疏远；C. fall behind落后；D. fall over绊倒、跌倒。根据空前的“some of the young pandas even walk into their friends”可知，有些熊猫宝宝会撞到朋友，因此会摔倒。故选D。
124．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，世界上很多人都喜欢这些黑白相间的动物。A. Finally最终；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Actually事实上；D. Therefore因此。根据下文“many people around the world love these black and white animals”可知，很多人都喜欢大熊猫是个事实。故选C。
125．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：熊猫已经变得如此受欢迎，它们现在是中国的象征。A. boring令人无聊的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. pitiful可怜的；D. careful仔细的。根据空后的“they are now a symbol of China.”可知，熊猫非常受欢迎，所以成为了中国的象征。故选B。
126．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另有300只左右生活在中国和其他国家的动物园或研究中心。A. more更多的；B. part分离的；C. all所有的；D. Another另一个的。根据上文“Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests.”可知，生活在森林里的大