2023学年下学期高二年级学科综合素养评估
英语
本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 开考前，考生用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号等信息填写在答题卡指定区域;
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后， 再选涂其它答案;
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上，不得使用涂改液。
第一部分 选择题 (共90分)
一、听力理解(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is Linda
A. A writer. B. A student. C. A teacher.
2. What is the man afraid of
A. Having an accident. B. Missing the interview C Saying something wrong.
3. What does the woman want to do
A. To return a jacket. B. To change a jacket. C. To buy another jacket.
4. Why does the man feel upset
A. A guy stole his clothes. B. He found his clothes ugly.
C. Someone said he was ugly.
5. What does the woman mean
A. She disbelieves her son. B. She feels very sorry for her son.
C. She wants her son to use a new key.
第二节 听下面对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Who is arranging the meeting
A. Peter. B. David. C Janet.
7. When does the man prefer to have the meeting
A. This Wednesday. B. This Friday. C. Next Monday.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9、10 题。
8. What helped change the speaker’s attitude towards study
A. Her professor’s advice. B. Her graduate program. C. Her trip to Africa.
9. How does the speaker feel when she talks about her past experiences
A. Regretful. B. Relieved. C. Grateful.
10. Who is the speaker probably talking to
A. Conservation workers. B. High school students. C. College teachers.
第三节 听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下关键信息。独白播放两遍。
An introduction of Robert Burns
Education background Born in 1759 into a farmer’s family, he never went to school.
Fame and achievement He grew to be the 11.__________ of Scotland and is best known for Auld Lang Syne.
Themes of poems He focused on not only big topics but also 12. ____________
Motivation of creation 13. __________ his Scottish identity, he created the poem Auld Lang Syne to set to the tune of a traditional folk song in 1788.
Influence of Auld Lang Syne ■In many countries, the song is sung at midnight on New Year’s Eve to remember friendships and life. ■I n Scotland, it is common for friends and family to 14. __________as they sing the song. ■On Burns Night, people gather to have haggis, 15. __________ , and sing Auld Lang Syne.
二、单项选择(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
1. The days are gone ______ physical strength was all ______ matters for her athletic career.
A. because; what B. when; that C. because; that D. when; what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：体力对她的运动生涯至关重要的日子已经一去不复返了。“ matters for her athletic career”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词all，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中主语，用关系代词引导定语从句，又因先行词all是不定代词，只能用that引导该从句；“ physical strength was all that matters for her athletic career”是定语从句，修饰先行词days，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中时间状语，表示“在那些日子”，用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选B项。
2. —Next Sunday will be my parents’ 30-year anniversary. I am throwing them a surprise party. Would you like to come
—What a pity! I’d like to, but I ________ with my son then in Italy as promised.
A. will be travelling B. will travel
C. am travelling D. shall travel
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——下星期天是我父母结婚30周年纪念日。我要给他们办个惊喜派对。你愿意来吗？——真遗憾！我很想去，但按照承诺我那时正和儿子一起在意大利旅行。根据提问者所说的“Next Sunday”和回答者所说的“then”可知，此处指下星期天那个时候“我”正和儿子一起在意大利旅行，描述的是将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，时态应用将来进行时，空处应用will be doing的形式。故选A。
3. No sooner ________ home________ he hugged his two sons.
A. he had returned; than B. he had returned; when
C. had he returned; than D. had he returned; when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、时态和部分倒装。句意：他一回家就拥抱了他的两个儿子。此题考查固定句型no sooner...than...“一……就……”。no sooner位于句首时，主句部分用部分倒装，即把情态动词/助动词/be动词提到主语之前；than后面的从句部分不倒装。动词return“返回”发生在从句谓语动词hugged之前，主句时态用过去完成时，no sooner位于句首，助动词had提到主语he之前，即 had he returned。故答案选C。
4. He was found ________ on a bench with a ________ look, most probably concerned about the coming test.
A. seated; worrying B. sit; worried
C. sitting; worrying D. seated; worried
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他被发现坐在长凳上，神情焦虑，很可能是担心即将到来的考试。find +宾语+宾补，seat使……就坐，及物动词，与宾语He之间是被动关系，用过去分词 seated 作宾语补足语；第二空look（表情），是名词，前面用形容词修饰。一般情况下用ing形式形容词修饰物或事，但如果名词是voice, look, expression等名词时，用动词的过去分词修饰。故选D。
5. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures ________-10℃.
A. averaged B. averaging
C. to average D. being averaged
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：埃德蒙顿冬天很冷，日平均气温为-10℃。这里为“with+宾语+宾补”结构中，宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等。average的逻辑主语是daily temperatures，二者是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故选 B。
6. ________ to tears, the audience stood up and ________ their hands violently.
A. Moving; clapped B. Moved; clapping
C. Moved; clapped D. Being moved; clapping
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：观众被感动得流下了眼泪，他们站起来，热烈鼓掌。分析句子可知，逻辑主语the audience和move之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语；第二空stood up和clap是两个并列的动作，都用一般过去时。故选C。
7. For Dutches unfamiliar with American culture, it can be an ________ occasion because they think ________ for dinner means the relationship is distant.
A. upsetting; being thanked B. upsetting; thanked
C. upset: being thanked D. upset; thanking
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、形容词词义辨析。句意：对于不熟悉美国文化荷兰人来说，这可能是一个令人沮丧的时刻，因为他们认为晚餐受到感谢意味着他们的关系很遥远。upsetting令人沮丧的；upset沮丧的；thanked感谢，动词thank的过去式或过去分词；being thanked被感谢，为动名词短语；thanking感谢，动词thank的现在分词。根据句意可知第一个空应该用形容词upsetting，修饰名词occasion“时刻”，作定语。第二个空应该用being thanked，动名词短语作主语，be thanked for因……而被感谢。故选A.
8. He couldn’t be the person ________ since he was the only one absent from work that day.
A. blamed B. to be blamed C. blaming D. to blame
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他不应该受到责备，因为那天只有他一个人没来上班。blame作后置定语，修饰名词the person，用不定式to blame，意为“该受责备；应该负责”，主动形式表示被动含义。故选D项。
9. They added some hi-tech elements, which was ________ their program was supposed to shine.
A. what B. where C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们加入了一些高科技元素，这是他们的节目应该出彩的地方。分析句子可知，“ their program was supposed to shine”是表语从句，从句不缺主语，无需宾语，结合句意，表示“(他们的节目应该出彩的)地方”，用连接副词where引导该表语从句，且在句中作状语。故选B项。
10. I asked him ________ he was getting on with his Chinese learning since I was unsure ________ he had passed the HSK exam.
A. how; whether B. what; if C. whether; that D. if; what
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我问他汉语学习进展如何，因为我不确定他是否通过了HSK考试。分析句子可知，“ he was getting on with his Chinese learning”是宾语从句，作asked后直接宾语，结合句意，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how引导该从句，在从句中作状语；“ he had passed the HSK exam”是形容词unsure后宾语从句，从句不缺成分，结合句意，表示“是否……”，用连词whether引导该从句。故选A项。
11. Tom did not accept the excuse ________ his daughter gave ________ she had been caught up in a traffic jam at midnight.
A. /; whether B. what; that C. /; that D. that; if
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和同位语从句。句意：汤姆不接受女儿给的借口，说她半夜遇上了交通堵塞。分析句子可知，第一空是限制性定语从句his daughter gave的引导词，该定语从句修饰先行词excuse，先行词指物，在从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词，或省略关系代词；第二空后的she had been caught up in a traffic jam at midnight是excuse的内容，该空引导名词性从句作excuse的同位语，同位语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故选C。
12. My experience tells me that it’s not _______ you are given but how you make use of it _______determines who you are.
A. which; what B. what; that C. that; which D. what; which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和强调句。句意：我的经验告诉我，决定你是谁的不是你被给予了什么，而是你如何利用它。分析句子结构，that引导的宾语从句使用强调句结构“it is+被强调部分+that+其他部分”，not _______ you are given but how you make use of it是被强调部分，所以第二空应用that，被强调部分在原句中作主语，空处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，应用what引导从句。故选B项。
13. The old man insisted that I ________ his wallet, and I explained to the police I had no motive of theft.
A. has taken B. took C. should take D. had taken
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：老人坚持说我拿了他的钱包，我向警察解释说我没有偷窃的动机。动词insist作为“坚持说，坚持认为”时，不用虚拟语气。动词take发生在过去动作insisted之前，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。故选D。
14. To ________ students’ interest in home decorating, a workshop is to be held.
A. arouse B. raise C. rise D. arise
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了激发学生对家居装饰的兴趣，将举办一场研讨会。A. arouse激起；B. raise提升；C. rise上升；D. arise出现。根据下文“students’ interest in home decorating(学生对家居装饰的兴趣)”可知，激起学生对家居装饰的兴趣。故选A项。
15. I can barely cook, so I ________ ready meals.
A. live in B. live for C. live on D. live by
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我几乎不会做饭，所以我以即食食品为生。A. live in住在；B. live for为……而活；C. live on靠过活，以……为主要食物；D. live by以……谋生。结合“ready meals”可知，空格处应表达“靠过活，以……为主要食物”，故用live on。故选C。
三、阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题， 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every event here features a noted scientist who discusses a different cosmic (宇宙的) topic. They will be presented with a live stream to our Science World official website and questions can be asked in the website chat.
Black Holes
7:30 PM-8:30 PM, May. 19, 2023
Description: Most galaxies (星系) have a supermassive black hole at their center. These black holes help determine how galaxies will develop over time. Join Dr. Ansel Netscher for an outline of black holes. You can also explore how supermassive black holes may decide the development of galaxies.
The Webb Imagery
8:00 PM-9:30 PM, May. 28, 2023
Description: The amazing visions have attracted the world. But there’s a long and involved process by which scientists’ black-and-white observational data is transformed into dynamic color imagery for the public. Join image specialist Ralph Wilson as he discusses the art and science of translating infrared light.
Hunt for Distant Worlds
7:00 PM-8:00 PM, Jun. 3, 2023
Description: Since the discovery of the first planet orbiting a Sun-like star in 1995, more than 4, 000 exoplanets have been found. These widespread planet systems confirm that our solar system is just one of many in our Milky Way galaxy. The discovery of such systems has provided interesting insights, challenging our views about how planet systems form and develop. Join Dr. Amanda Garcia as she describes the scientific hunt for these distant worlds.
Mars and Beyond
10:00 AM-11:30 AM, Jun.4, 2023
Description: Will we ever reach Mars And what will it take to travel to other stars Dr. Camille Lopez will meet these questions with a speech of what we can expect in the next 30 years. It’s based on what is practical and reasonable when we consider the biological, economic, and philosophical concerns that connect with the engineering challenges of space habitation and exploration.
16. Interested in the development of planet or star system, you can choose ________.
① Black Holes
② The Webb Imagery
③ Hunt for Distant Worlds
④ Mars and Beyond
A. ①④ B. ②④ C. ①③ D. ②③
17. What will you learn from Mars and Beyond
A. Prospect of space travel. B. Application of art to science.
C. The origin and future of Mars. D. Detailed plan of space habitation.
18. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To publicize online public lectures.
B. To compare events of studying science.
C. To stress the importance of space exploration.
D. To expand people’s knowledge about universe.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个网上讲座的情况。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据Black Holes部分中“These black holes help determine how galaxies will develop over time.(这些黑洞有助于确定星系如何随着时间的推移而发展)”以及Hunt for Distant Worlds部分中“The discovery of such systems has provided interesting insights, challenging our views about how planet systems form and develop.(这些系统的发现提供了有趣的见解，挑战了我们关于行星系统如何形成和发展的观点)”可知，对行星或恒星系统的发展感兴趣，可以选择Black Holes和Hunt for Distant Worlds。故选C。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Description: Will we ever reach Mars And what will it take to travel to other stars Dr. Camille Lopez will meet these questions with a speech of what we can expect in the next 30 years.(我们会到达火星吗？去其他星球旅行需要什么？卡米尔·洛佩斯博士将在演讲中回答这些问题，讲述我们对未来30年的期望)”可知，可以从Mars and Beyond了解到太空旅行的前景。故选A。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Every event here features a noted scientist who discusses a different cosmic (宇宙的) topic. They will be presented with a live stream to our Science World official website and questions can be asked in the website chat.(这里的每个活动都有一位著名的科学家来讨论不同的宇宙主题。他们将在我们的科学世界官方网站上进行直播，并可以在网站聊天中提出问题)”结合文章主要介绍了四个网上讲座的情况。可推知，文章的主要目的是宣传网上公开讲座。故选A。
B
On June 6th Columbia University announced that it will no longer co-operate with US News & World Report’s undergraduate rankings. It is the first top-notch institution to do so. Might its departure be the start of a mass departure
Columbia’s decision follows a rankings scandal last year. In February 2022 one of Columbia’s own maths professors accused the college of fudging its data in several areas. The university later admitted to having used “outdated and/or incorrect methodologies”.
In the 1980s prospective students started to expand their college search beyond their local area, and it was hard to learn about universities and compare them. Hence, US News began ranking America’s top universities in 1983, and has released its findings annually since 1988.
Colleges have gone to great lengths to move up in the ratings. Richard Freeland, Northeastern University’s former president, capped class sizes and hired faculty to improve its spot; it moved from 127th in 2003 to 44th this year. Others went too far. A dean at Temple University’s business school was sentenced to prison and was ordered to pay a $250,000 fine after being found guilty of fraud in relation to artificially inflating his programme’s rankings.
The ranking system used to seem unstoppable. Universities have tried to ditch it before, only to find that doing so can backfire badly. US News still ranks non-participating universities, using publicly available information, and the data often do not go in their favour. Reed College, a liberal-arts college, stopped taking part in 1995. It tumbled from the top quartile to the bottom. Columbia did not submit data for this year’s analysis, citing concerns about Dr Thaddeus’s claims, and its ranking fell from second in 2021-22 (tied with Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology) to 18th in 2022-23 (tied with the University of Notre Dame).
Recently the mood has begun to change, however, especially among graduate schools. In 2022, of the 15 highest-ranked law schools, only the University of Chicago submitted data. Some undergraduate schools have already opted out this year (Rhode Island School of Design, Colorado College, Stillman College), but none are as prestigious as Columbia.
In May US News announced changes to its ranking methodology. It is moving away from metrics that rely on reputation and towards student outcomes. One way or another, the rankings—and universities more broadly—are in a state of constant change.
19. What is true about the US News undergraduate rankings
A. It faked the information for the ratings. B. It filled an information gap at one time.
C. It promoted the quality of higher education. D. It has been released every year for 40 years.
20. If a college does not cooperate with US News, ______.
A. it will be ordered to pay a fine B. it will be excluded from the list
C. its ranking will suffer consequently D. its spot in the ranking won’t be affected
21. The underlined word “capped” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. limited B. increased C. inflated D. maintained
22. It can be inferred from the passage that US News undergraduate rankings may focus more on ______ in the future.
A. scores given by former students B. donations from all walks of life
C. evaluations from other colleges D. earnings for college graduates
【答案】19. B 20. C 21. A 22. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了哥伦比亚大学决定退出《美国新闻与世界报道》的大学排名。该大学排名存在一些弊端，而且曾经尝试退出的那些大学会导致自己的排名下滑。最近有许多大学开始效仿哥伦比亚大学，US News也宣布改变排名方法。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In the 1980s prospective students started to expand their college search beyond their local area, and it was hard to learn about universities and compare them. Hence, US News began ranking America’s top universities in 1983, and has released its findings annually since 1988.(20世纪80年代，准学生开始将他们的大学搜索范围扩大到当地以外，而他们很难了解大学并进行比较。因此，《美国新闻》从1983年开始对美国顶尖大学进行排名，自1988年以来每年都会发布调查结果)”可知，在20世纪80年代，学生们无法了解外地的大学并进行比较，而《美国新闻》对美国顶尖大学进行排名并公布调查结果，这在一定程度上能够帮助学生获取信息。由此推知，该大学排名曾经填补了信息差。故选B。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Universities have tried to ditch it before, only to find that doing so can backfire badly. US News still ranks non-participating universities, using publicly available information, and the data often do not go in their favour. Reed College, a liberal-arts college, stopped taking part in 1995. It tumbled from the top quartile to the bottom.(大学以前曾试图抛弃它，但却发现这样做会适得其反。《美国新闻》仍然使用公开可用的信息对未参与的大学进行排名，而且这些数据往往对他们不利。里德学院是一所文科学院，于1995年停止参加排名。它从前四分之一跌落到底部)”可推知，如果一所大学不与《美国新闻》合作，那么它的排名将会受到影响。故选C。
【21题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“class sizes and hired faculty to improve its spot”可推测出，Richard Freeland为了提高学校的排名，限制了班级人数并雇用了更多教职员工。划线词cap表示“限制”，与limit的意思最接近。故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It is moving away from metrics that rely on reputation and towards student outcomes.(它正在从依赖声誉的度量指标转向依赖学生成果的度量指标)”可知，《美国新闻》大学排名将更加重视学生成果这一指标。由此推知，毕业生的收入或许成为其关注重点。故选D。
C
A moment occurs in the exchange between professor and student when each of us adopts a look. My look says, “What, you don’t understand ” Theirs says, “We don’t. And we think you’re making it up.” We are having a problem. Basically, we’ve all read the same story, but we haven’t used the same analytical approaches. It may seem at times as if the professor is inventing interpretations out of thin air.
Actually, the truth is that as the slightly more experienced reader, the professor has acquired over the years the use of a certain “language reading”. Besides, he has grasped three professional tools-memory, symbol and pattern. These items separate the professional readers from the ordinary ones.
English professors are cursed with memory. When reading a new book, I constantly seek out connections and inferences, recalling faces and themes from past readings. I can’t not do it, although there are plenty of times when that ability is not something I want to exercise. This does not necessarily improve the experience of popular entertainment.
Professors also read and think symbolically. Everything is a symbol of something, it seems, until proven otherwise. We ask: What does the thing over there represent The kind of mind that works its way through undergraduate and then graduate classes in literature and criticism tends to see things as existing in themselves while also representing something else. This tendency to understand the world in symbolic terms is enhanced by years of training and rewards the symbolic imagination.
A related phenomenon in professorial reading is pattern recognition. Most professional students of literature learn to take in the specific detail while seeing the patterns that the detail reveals. Experience has proved to them that life and books fall into similar patterns. Literature is full of patterns, and your reading experience will be much more rewarding when you can step back from the work, even while you are reading it, and look for those patterns.
23. How does the author introduce the topic
A By describing a real-life scene. B. By using popular quotes.
C. By presenting conflicting ideas. D. By raising an interesting question.
24. Why do the students think the professor is making up interpretations
A. They have limited life experience.
B. They lack chances for sufficient reading.
C. They are unable to analyze the text thoroughly.
D. They do not trust the professor’s teaching abilities.
25. What does paragraph 3 say about English professors
A. They have a strong desire to not have their good memory.
B. Their reading habit doesn’t always guarantee desirable effects.
C. Their memory adds to their reading pleasure of popular works.
D. They keep making connections with their own life while reading.
26. Which is the author’s suggestion on reading literature
A. Identify the hidden text modes. B. Perceive many things at the same time.
C. Look for details and language patterns. D. Memorize patterns of symbolic meanings.
【答案】23 A 24. C 25. B 26. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了教授和学生在阅读文学作品时采用的不同分析方法以及他们之间的交流和理解上的挑战。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A moment occurs in the exchange between professor and student when each of us adopts a look. My look says, “What, you don’t understand ” Theirs says, “We don’t. And we think you’re making it up.” ( 在教授和学生的交流中，我们每个人都有一个眼神。我的表情在说：“什么，你不明白吗？”他们的回答是：“我们没有。我们认为这是你瞎编的”)”并结合下文指出是分析方法的不同导致交流和理解上的挑战推知，作者通过描述教授和学生之间交流的实际场景引入了话题，故选A。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Actually, the truth is that as the slightly more experienced reader, the professor has acquired over the years the use of a certain “language reading”. Besides, he has grasped three professional tools-memory, symbol and pattern. These items separate the professional readers from the ordinary ones. (事实上，事实是，作为稍微有经验的读者，教授多年来已经学会了使用某种“语言阅读”。此外，他还掌握了三种专业工具——记忆、符号和图案。这些项目将专业读者与普通读者区分开来)”推知，学生们可能认为教授在编造解释，是因为相较于教授他们是普通的读者，没有掌握一些阅读技巧，导致无法完全理解文章内容。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“English professors are cursed with memory. When reading a new book, I constantly seek out connections and inferences, recalling faces and themes from past readings. I can’t not do it, although there are plenty of times when that ability is not something I want to exercise. This does not necessarily improve the experience of popular entertainment(英语教授的记忆力很差。在阅读一本新书时，我不断地寻找联系和推理，从过去的阅读中回忆面孔和主题。我不能不做，尽管很多时候我不想锻炼这种能力。这并不一定会改善大众娱乐的体验)”可知，英语教授的阅读习惯并不一定能保证理想的效果。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Literature is full of patterns, and your reading experience will be much more rewarding when you can step back from the work, even while you are reading it, and look for those patterns.(文学作品充满了模式，如果你能从作品中退一步，甚至在阅读的过程中寻找这些模式，你的阅读体验将会更有意义。)”可知，文学阅读充满着规律和模式，我们在阅读过程中需要停下来，统揽全局，然后在全局中寻找这些规律和模式，故选A。
D
Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems.
Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules.
Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”.
Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently.
There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade.
Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says.
27. What does the AI jailbreak refer to
A. The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B. The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C. The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D. The process of AI models learning new information.
28. What can we know about the persona modulation
A. It can help AI models understand emotions.
B. It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C. It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
D. It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
29. What is Yinzhen Li’s attitude towards LLMs
A. Unclear. B. Cautious. C. Approving. D. Negative.
30. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B. LLMs: The Latest Advancement
C. AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D. AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach
【答案】27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能领域面临一项新挑战——AI“越狱”。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸弹，这表明防止这种AI‘jailbreaks’比看起来要困难得多。)”以及第二段“Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules. (许多公开可用的大型语言模型（LLMs），如ChatGPT，都有硬编码规则，旨在防止它们表现出种族或性别歧视，或者用非法或有问题的答案回答问题——这些都是它们通过训练数据从人类那里学到的。但这并没有阻止人们找到精心设计的指令，阻止这些保护措施，即所谓的‘jailbreaks’，使人工智能模型不遵守规则。)”可知，许多公开可用的大型语言模型都有硬编码规则阻止非法、歧视等内容，但是人工智能模型可以突破保护限制措施，互相欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的指令；由此可知，AI“jailbreak”指的是打破人工智能模型限制，使人工智能模型违反规则的技术。故选A。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently. (Tagade表示，这种方法之所以有效，是因为大型模型消耗的大部分训练数据来自在线对话，模型学会以特定的方式响应不同的输入。通过与模型进行正确的对话，可以使其采用特定的角色，从而使其采取不同的行动。)”可知，“角色调节（the persona modulation）”可以通过与人工智能模型进行正确的对话让其采用特定的角色，采取不同的行动。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says. (伦敦帝国理工学院的Yinzhen Li表示，目前的模型可能会被滥用，这令人担忧，但开发者需要权衡这些风险与LLM的潜在好处。‘就像药物一样，它们也有需要控制的副作用，’她说。)”可知，Yinzhen Li认为，目前的模型可能会被滥用，但是开发者需要权衡这些风险与LLMs的潜在好处，由此可知，Yinzhen Li对LLMs持谨慎的态度。故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸弹，这表明防止这种人工智能“越狱”比看起来更困难。)”以及下文内容可知本文介绍了人工智能“越狱”、研究者们发现的一个“越狱”过程——“角色调节”以及专家对其态度；由此可知，本文主要阐述人工智能发展面临的人工智能“越狱”这一新的挑战；C选项“AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge (AI越狱：一个新的挑战)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读补全。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。
Home gardens produce delicious food.But that’s not their main virtue.
Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a super-market box, probably harvested unripe. ____31____The other was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten. The first one will probably taste like a slightly sour grape while the second is likely to be sweet and rich in flavour.
Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages. They are convenient and available in the northern globe even in February. But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old tape.____32____
Other people, however, believe gardening a waste of time. But the same could be said of cooking. There are cheap and decent restaurants around, so why bother to make your own meals ____33____They mistake the product for the purpose.
Actually, a garden, especially in the early years, can produce little but frustration(挫败感). New gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. Rabbits have an annoying habit of taking single bites of vegetable, then leaving the rest to go bad.____34____ No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure — as with cooking, writing, bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile — is in the work itself.A gardener’s memories revolve not around the food produced, but around long afternoons with hands in the dirt.
____35____
A. No one can ever avoid this hard stage.
B. So why don’t we start home gardening for delicious food
C. This might explain why many people desire a home garden.
D. These people misunderstand the ultimate appeal of gardening.
E. By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the plant for days.
F. To garden is to patiently and lovingly help life grow, in the ground and above it.
G. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to uncooperative weather.
【答案】31. E 32. C 33. D 34. G 35. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了园艺的真正乐趣。
【31题详解】
上文“One came out of a supermarket box, probably harvested unripe.(一个来自从超市的箱子，可能是未成熟的收获)”和下文的“The other was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten. ”说明这颗草莓在未成熟时就摘下来了，推断出这颗草莓等待了好几天在成熟后才能装入盘子进行食用，E项“当它被放到盘子里的时候，它可能已经离开植物几天了”，承接上下文，符合语境。故选E项。
【32题详解】
上文“But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata in a concert hall differs from listening to it on a old tape.(但这两种浆果彼此不同，就像在音乐厅听贝多芬的《月光奏鸣曲》不同于用旧录音带听一样)”可知，这里讲述了家庭花园的优点。C项“这或许可以解释为什么许多人渴望拥有一个家庭花园”和上文构成因果关系，是对上文内容的承接。故选C项。
【33题详解】
上文“Other people, however, believe gardening a waste of time. But the same could be said of cooking. There are cheap and decent restaurants around, so why bother to make your own meals (然而，其他人认为园艺是浪费时间。但烹饪也是如此。周围有便宜又体面的餐馆，所以为什么要自己做饭呢 )”及下文“They mistake the product for the purpose.(他们错误地将产品用于目的)”可知人们对园艺是存在误解的，D项“这些人们误解了园艺的终极魅力”， 承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。
【34题详解】
上文“Actually, a garden, especially in the early years, can produce little but frustration(挫败感). (确实，一个园子尤其是在早些年的时候，产出很少而且会有挫败感）”，G项 “即使是专业的园也会因为不配合的天气而损失一季的收成”是对上文产出少这个内容的举例说明。故选G项。
【35题详解】
上文“The deepest pleasure-as with cooking, writing,bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile-is in the work itself. A gardener’s memories revolve not around the food produced, but around long afternoons with hands in the dirt.(最深层的乐趣——就像烹饪、 写作、抚养孩子或任何有意义的事情一样——在于做这件事本身。园丁的记忆不是围绕着生产的食物，而是围绕着长时间的下午，双手沾满泥土)”可知，这里讲述了做园艺活的乐趣，F项“做园艺活就是耐心地和爱护地帮助那些地上和地下的生命茁壮成长”是对做园艺这件事情意义的升华，是对上文内容的承接。故选F项。
四、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I’ve reached the turn-around point of the day’s kayaking (皮划艇) trip. Sweat runs down my cheek as I ___36___ my fingers through the cool water. I look around. It’s just me, a couple of seagulls, and shining freshwater to the horizon. This, I whisper to myself, is ___37___.
Solo outings had never ___38___ my mind before because I always had loyal friends willing to tag along. But three years ago, I moved to Cleveland. Meeting close friends in a new city is ___39___. And a world wide health crisis made ___40___ impossible.
In October 2022, I decided to ___41___ a whole day on a solo hiking trip. I went to Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) to ___42___ the autumn leaves. Five miles in, I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so alive. I was more ___43___ of my surroundings than I’d ever been while hiking that day. I studied the markings of trees, focused my ears on each forest sound and did something I had almost never spared ___44___ for: I listened to my own thoughts. Every word in my mind pointed to a newfound ___45___—solo hiking is my happy place. From then on, I have adjusted myself to any solo activity.
Pride ___46___ through my body when I first launched my kayak. My chest, ___47___ tightened by nerves, was bursting with happiness as I finally reached the middle of the river that I’d long ___48___ standing on shore before.
Adventuring alone has become like medicine for me! It’s also pushed me to go ___49___ my comfort zone and to meet new people. Through meetups and social media, my adventure friend circle has ___50___. But at least once per month, I schedule time to hit nature with my favorite trail buddy: me.
36.
A. dip B. raise C. point D. slip
37.
A. exhausting B. awesome C. surprising D. terrible
38.
A. crossed B. lost C. cleared D. occupied
39.
A. available B. crucial C. tough D. common
40.
A. admissions B. circumstances C. connections D. relationships
41.
A. bring up B. take up C. pull up D. put up
42.
A. appreciate B. collect C. cut D. sweep
43.
A. ashamed B. scared C. aware D. tired
44.
A. time B. effort C. room D. money
45.
A. myth B. regulation C. definition D. truth
46.
A. pulled B. looked C. coursed D. carried
47.
A. occasionally B. initially C. constantly D. instantly
48.
A. visited B. swam C. rowed D. admired
49.
A. within B. into C. beyond D. through
50.
A. emerged B. ballooned C. surrounded D. encountered
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C 41. B 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者以前从未尝试过独自出门旅行，因为总有人陪伴她。后来作者决定独自去徒步旅行。第一次独自徒步旅行给作者带来了极大的快乐，她学会了享受个人时光，并且从中获得勇气去结识新朋友。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我把手指滑过凉水时，汗水顺着我的脸颊流下来。A. dip蘸；把（手）伸入；B. raise提高；C. point指；D. slip滑过。由上文“I’ve reached the tum-around point of the day’s kayaking (皮划艇) trip.”可知作者滑了一天的皮划艇，所以应该是作者的手指滑过凉水，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对自己低语道，这太棒了。A. exhausting令人筋疲力尽的；B. awesome让人惊叹的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. terrible可怕的。由上文“It’s just me, a couple of seagulls, and shining freshwater to the horizon”可知，这里有一对海鸥，闪耀的淡水一望无际，景色优美，令人惊叹，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以前从来没有想过单独外出，因为我总是有忠实的朋友愿意跟着我。A. crossed穿越，掠过脑海；B. lost丢失；C. cleared清理；D. occupied占有。由下文“my mind before because I always had loyal friends willing to tag along.”可知，以前作者身边总是有朋友跟着作者，所以作者没有想过要单独外出，故选A。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个新的城市遇到亲密的朋友是很困难的。A. available可利用的；B. crucial关键的；C. tough艰难的；D. common共同的。由下文“And a world wide health crisis made ________ impossible.”可知，在一个新的城市遇到亲密的朋友是很困难的，全球疫情使遇到新朋友更加困难，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场全球性的健康危机让人们无法沟通。A. admissions承认；B. circumstances环境；C. connections连接，联络，关系；D. relationships关系。由上文“And a world wide health crisis made”可知，全球疫情使得人们无法进行联络，make connections固定搭配，意为“进行联络”，故选C。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：2022年10月，我决定花一整天的时间进行一次独自徒步旅行。A. bring up抚养；B. take up占据，使用，占用（时间或空间等）；C. pull up停车；D. put up张贴。由下文“a whole day on a solo hiking trip.”可知，作者决定花一整天去徒步旅行，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去库雅荷加谷国家公园(CVNP)欣赏秋叶。A. appreciate欣赏；B. collect收集；C. cut切；D. sweep清除。上文提到作者决定去徒步旅行，结合下文“the autumn leaves”可知，作者去徒步旅，决定去库雅荷加谷国家公园欣赏秋叶，故选A。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天徒步旅行时，我比以往任何时候都更加注意周围的环境。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. scared害怕的；C. aware意识到的；D. tired累的。根据下文“of my surroundings than I’d ever been while hiking that day.”和“I studied the markings of trees, focused my ears on each forest sound and did something”可知，be aware of固定搭配，意为“注意到，意识到”，作者研究着周围的树木的标记，这说明作者比以往任何时候都更加注意欣赏周围的环境，故选C。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我研究着树木的标记，把我的耳朵集中在每一个森林的声音上，并且做了一件我几乎从来没有花时间去做的事情：我倾听我自己的思想。A. time时间；B. effort努力；C. room房间；D. money金钱。由上文“I had almost never spared________”可知，作者以前几乎从来没有花时间这样做过，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我脑海中的每一个字都指向一个新发现的事实——独自徒步旅行让我快乐。A. myth神话；B. regulation规章；C. definition定义；D. truth事实。由下文“solo hiking is my happy place”可知，独自徒步旅行让作者快乐，这是作者新发现的事实，故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次启动我的皮划艇时，骄傲充斥着我的全身。A. pulled拉；B. looked看；C. coursed奔跑，（感情、思想等）涌动；D. carried搬运。由下文“through my body when I first launched my kayak.”可知，作者第一次启动皮划艇时，骄傲充斥着全身，course through意为“贯穿”。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的胸口最初因为紧张而紧绷着，当我终于到达河中央的时候，我的心里充满了喜悦，我以前一直很喜欢站在岸上欣赏这条河。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. initially最初；C. constantly持续地；D. instantly立即。由上文“tightened by nerves”和下文finally可知，作者最初很紧张，最后到达河中央后很高兴，故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的胸口最初因为紧张而紧绷着，当我终于到达河中央的时候，我的心里充满了喜悦，我以前一直很喜欢站在岸上欣赏这条河。A. visited参观；B. swam游泳；C. rowed划船；D. admired钦佩，欣赏。由下文“standing on shore before.”可知，作者以前一直站在岸边欣赏这条河，故选D。
【49题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：这也促使我走出自己的舒适区，结识新朋友。A. within在……内；B. into在里面；C. beyond超出，超越；D. through通过。由下文“my comfort zone and to meet new people”可知，作者超越自己的舒适区，结识新朋友，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过聚会和社交媒体，我的探险朋友圈已经大了起来。A. emerged出现；B. ballooned激增，膨胀；C. surrounded围绕；D. encountered鼓励。由上文“Through meetups and social media, my adventure friend circle has”可知，聚会和社交媒体使作者的探险朋友圈大了起来。故选B。
第二部分 非选择题(共60分)
第一节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Yoga enthusiast poses for a photo in an immersive art exhibition of Vincent Van Gogh, ____51____ (title) “Van Gogh Alive” in Bangkok.
AI Van Gogh appears on a video screen at the end of a super exhibition concentrating on the final weeks of his life in Auvers-sur-Oise village. ____52____ (amazing), AI Vincent is well-informed of 21st century therapy speak. “While I ____53____ (face) with mental health struggles, my move to the village was not motivated ____54____ a desire to end my life,” he said.
As the paintings suggest, his final weeks were extraordinarily ____55____ (produce), full of masterpieces including The Church at Auvers, Wheatfield with Crows and his very last, Tree Roots. Among the ____56____ (highlight) is a room special for his “double-square” panoramas (全景画), a technical revolution in which he used very long and thin canvases, indicating the widescreen landscapes of cinema.
It is perhaps fitting that the show ends with modern technologies, ____57____ have become increasingly common as exhibitions try to pull in the younger audience.
Besides Van Gogh chatbot, visitors can also put on a virtual reality headset ____58____ (enter) the kitchen of Dr. Gachet, where Van Gogh spent time in his final weeks, take ____59____ virtual trip around an enormous version of his paint palette(调色板), and plunge into the tree roots of his final painting. The state-of-the-art helmet can track the hands of users, _____60_____ (allow) them to pick up items in the virtual world.
【答案】51. titled
52. Amazingly
53. was faced
54. by 55. productive
56. highlights
57. which 58. to enter
59. a 60. allowing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要描述了一个在曼谷举办的沉浸式文森特·梵高艺术展“梵高活着”中的一系列活动和展示，特别是关于AI梵高的介绍以及观众可以体验的虚拟现实活动。
【51题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在曼谷，一名瑜伽爱好者在名为“梵高活着”的沉浸式梵高艺术展上摆姿势拍照。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“an immersive art exhibition of Vincent Van Gogh”和动词“title”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填titled。
【52题详解】
考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，AI文森特对21世纪的疗法演讲了如指掌。担当句子的状语，用副词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Amazingly。
【53题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：“当我面临精神健康问题时，我搬到这个村庄并不是为了结束我的生命，”他说。这里为从句谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时；主语为“I”，和动词“face”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was faced。
【54题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：“当我面临精神健康问题时，我搬到这个村庄并不是为了结束我的生命，”他说。固定搭配：be motivated by，意为“受到……的激励、为了……”，符合句意。故填by。
【55题详解】
考查形容词。句意：正如画作所暗示的，他最后几周的非常多产，充满了杰作，包括《奥维尔教堂》、《麦田与乌鸦》和他最后的作品《树根》。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当表语。故填productive。
【56题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：亮点之一是专门为他的“双平方”全景画设立的房间，这是一次技术革命，他使用了非常长和细的画布，暗示了电影的宽屏景观。分析句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填highlights。
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：也许展览以现代技术结束是合适的，因为随着展览试图吸引年轻观众，这种技术变得越来越普遍。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“modern technologies”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了梵高聊天机器人，游客还可以戴上虚拟现实头盔进入加歇医生的厨房，梵高最后几周在那里度过，围绕着他巨大的调色板进行虚拟旅行，并深入到他最后的画作《树根》中。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to enter。
【59题详解】
考查冠词。句意：除了梵高聊天机器人，游客还可以戴上虚拟现实头盔进入加歇医生的厨房，梵高最后几周在那里度过，围绕着他巨大的调色板进行虚拟旅行，并深入到他最后的画作《树根》中。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰。故填a。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最先进的头盔可以追踪用户的手部动作，让他们在虚拟世界中捡起物品。非谓语动词担当状语，表示主句一句话带来的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填allowing。
第二节 单词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
根据上下文选择合适的单词，在空格处填入单词的正确形式，使文章信息完整，意思准确。
preciously preserve access strength extreme
accompany qualify prohibit flexible crisis
vary complain adjust hesitate option
Senior high school life is a challenging but rewarding journey that requires a lot of acknowledgement, ____61____, and resilience(恢复力). Students face various ____62____ , such as academic pressure, peer pressure, identity issues, and emotional problems. They also have to deal with ____63____ from teachers, parents, and themselves. They have to follow the rules and regulations of the school, which may ____64____ some of their behaviors or preferences. They have to balance their studies, extracurricular activities, and social life.
However, senior high school life also offers many opportunities for ____65____ one’s skills, knowledge, and personality. Students can explore their interests and talents in different fields and subjects. They can participate in ____66____ competitions and events ____67____ for higher education or career paths. They can learn from their teachers, mentors, and peers who can provide guidance and support. They can also enjoy the friendship of their classmates and ____68____ by their friends who share their joys and sorrows.
Senior high school life is a ____69____ and memorable stage of one’s life that _____70_____ in many books, movies, and songs so far. It is a time when students can discover themselves and the world around them. It is a time when diverse and _____71_____ resources and opportunities can be _____72_____ to enrich their learning and growth. It is a time when students can be _____73_____ or confident, _____74_____ or rigidly, _____75_____ or moderately, depending on their choices and consequences. Senior high school life is a time when students can shape their future and destiny.
【答案】61. adjustment
62. crises plaints
64 prohibit
65. strengthening
66. various
67. to be qualified
pany
69. precious
70. has been preserved
71. optional
72. accessible
73. hesitant
74. flexibly
75. extremely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高中生活是一个充满挑战但收获颇丰的旅程，以及高中生活的益处和珍贵。
【61题详解】
考查名词。句意：高中生活是一个充满挑战但收获颇丰的旅程，需要许多认同、调整和韧性。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式作宾语；再根据上下文的“acknowledgement、resilience”可推测，这些都是度过高中生活所需要的。单词“adjust”，意为“调整”，其名词形式“adjustment”，意为“调整”，符合句意。故填adjustment。
【62题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：学生面临着各种各样的危机，如学业压力、同伴压力、身份认同问题和情感问题。根据空后的“such as academic pressure, peer pressure, identity issues, and emotional problems.”可知，空处指的是学生面临的各种危机或困难。单词“crisis”，名词，意为“危机”，符合句意。根据空前的“various”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填crises。
【63题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他们还必须应对来自老师、家长和他们自己的抱怨。根据上文可知，空处指的是学生面临的各种危机；再根据空后的“from teachers, parents, and themselves”可推测，空处指的是来自老师、家长和自身的埋怨。单词“complain”，动词，意为“抱怨”，其名词形式为“complaint”，意为“埋怨”符合句意。故填complaints。
【64题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们必须遵守学校的规章制度，这可能会禁止他们的一些行为或偏好。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形；再根据主语which所代指的“the rules and regulations of the school”可推测，这些规章制度可能会禁止学生的一些行为。单词“prohibit”，动词，意为“紧张”，符合句意。故填prohibit。
【65题详解】
考查动词。句意：然而，高中生活也为学生提供了许多机会来加强一个人的技能，知识和个性。根据上文的“many opportunities”以及空后的“one’s skills, knowledge, and personality”可推测，空处指的是这些机会可以增强一个人的技能，知识和个性。单词“strength”，名词，意为“力气”，其动词形式“strengthen”，意为“增强”，符合句意；空前为介词，空处为名词的ving形式。故填strengthening。
【66题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们可以参加各种比赛和活动，以获得高等教育或职业道路的资格。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的“competitions”；单词“vary”，动词，意为“变化”，其形容词形式“various”，意为“各种各样的”，符合句意。故填various。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可以参加各种比赛和活动，以获得高等教育或职业道路的资格。分析句子成分可知，空处为目的状语；再根据句意可知，参加各种比赛和活动，是为了有获得高等教育的资格。单词“qualify”，动词，意为“使具有资格”，其短语：be qualified for，意为“具有……资格”，符合句意。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to be qualified for。
【68题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们还可以享受与同学们的友谊和与分享喜怒哀乐的朋友的陪伴。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式。担当动词enjoy的宾语，和“friendship”保持一致。单词“accompany”，动词，意为“陪伴”，其名词形式为“company”，意为“陪伴”，符合句意。故填company。
【69题详解】
考查形容词。句意：高中生活是一个人一生中珍贵而难忘的阶段，迄今为止已在许多书籍、电影和歌曲中得以保存。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰名词“stage”，且意思和“memorable”保持一致。单词“preciously”，副词，意为“珍贵”，其形容词形式为“precious”，符合句意。故填precious。
【70题详解】
考查谓语动词、时态和语态。句意：高中生活是一个人一生中珍贵而难忘的阶段，迄今为止已在许多书籍、电影和歌曲中得以保存。分析句子成分可知，空处为从句的谓语动词；根据句意可知，高中生活珍贵且难忘，由此可推测，高中生活在许多书籍、电影和歌曲中得到保存。单词“preserve”，意为“保存”，符合句意。从句主语为“that”，即先行词“a precious and memorable stage of one’s life”，单数，和动词“preserve”之间为被动关系；根据时间状语“so far”可知，从句时态为现在完成时。故填has been preserved。
【71题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一个可以获得各种可选择的资源和机会来丰富他们的学习和成长的时代。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰空后的“resources”，同时和“and”前的“diverse”保持一致。单词“option”，名词，意为“选择”，其形容词形式“optional”，意为“可选择的”，符合句意。故填optional。
【72题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一个可以获得各种可选择的资源和机会来丰富他们的学习和成长的时代。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式担当从句的表语；根据句意可知，空处指的是各种可选择的资源和机会“可被使用”。单词“access”，意为“进入”，其形容词形式“accessible”，意为“可使用、可进入”，符合句意。故填accessible。
【73题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在这个时期，根据自己的选择和后果，学生可能会犹豫不决或自信，灵活或死板，极端或适度。根据空后的“confident”可推测，空处单词为形容词形式，且意思和“confident(自信的)”相反；单词“hesitate”，动词，意为“犹豫”，其形容词形式为“hesitant”，意为“犹豫不决的”，和“confident(自信的)”相反，符合句意。故填hesitant。
【74题详解】
考查副词。句意：在这个时期，根据自己的选择和后果，学生可能会犹豫不决或自信，灵活或死板，极端或适度。根据空后的“rigidly”可推测，空处单词为副词形式，且意思和“rigidly(古板)”相反；单词“flexible”，形容词，意为“灵活的”，其副词形式为“flexibly”，意为“灵活”，和“rigidly(古板)”相反，符合句意。故填flexibly。
【75题详解】
考查副词。句意：在这个时期，根据自己的选择和后果，学生可能会犹豫不决或自信，灵活或死板，极端或适度。根据空后的“moderately”可推测，空处单词为副词形式，且意思和“moderately(适度)”相反；单词“extreme”，形容词， 意为“极端的”，其副词形式为“extremely”，意为“极端”，和“moderately(适度)”相反，符合句意。故填extremely。
第三节 短语填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据上下文选择合适的词组，在空格处填入词组的正确形式，使文章信息完整，意思准确，有两个词组是多余选项。
fall apart fade away in that case get through call on bring out
deep down on board live off take over consist of involve in
AJ (Artificial Intelligence) is not just a technology, but a way of life for many people. Some people use AI to create art, music, or games, ____76____ their passions with the help of algorithms. Others rely on AI ____77____ their daily tasks, such as managing their finances, health, or education. AI is also a source of entertainment, providing endless content and experiences for users to enjoy.
But AI is not without its challenges and risks. Some people fear that AI will ____78____ their jobs, or even their lives. AI is constantly evolving, and sometimes it can be hard to keep up with its changes and demands.
____79____ , some people choose to disconnect from AI, or limit their exposure to it. They prefer to live a simpler, more natural life, without the interference of machines. They feel that AI ____80____ from their values and goals from the time it appeared till present, and that they have lost their connection with it. They want to reclaim their autonomy and identity, and not depend on AI for everything.
But ____81____ , they know that AI is not going away anytime soon. AI is a part of the world, and the world is a part of AJ. AI is a complex system, ____82____ many components and interactions, both human and non-human. AI is a collective project, and everyone is ____83____ , whether they like it or not. AI is a challenge, and every individual ____84____ to face it, whether they are ready or not.
AI is not perfect, and it _____85_____ on occasion. But AI is also resilient, and always finds a way to recover and improve. AI is not a threat, but an opportunity. AI is not an enemy, but a friend. AI is not a dream, but a reality.
【答案】76. bringing out
77. to get through
78. take over
79. In that case
80. has lived off
81. deep down
82. consisting of
83. on board
84. involves in
85. falls apart
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的用处、人们对人工智能的态度、人工智能的未来前景。
【76题详解】
考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：有些人使用人工智能来创作艺术、音乐或游戏，在计算程序的帮助下激发他们的激情。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“激发”，故用固定短语bring out。本句谓语为use，此处为非谓语动词，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填bringing out。
【77题详解】
考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：其他人则依靠人工智能来完成日常任务，比如管理财务、健康或教育。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“完成”，故用固定短语get through。本句谓语为rely on，此处为非谓语动词，应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to get through。
【78题详解】
考查固定短语、时态。句意：有些人担心人工智能会接管他们的工作，甚至他们的生活。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“接管”，故用固定短语take over，与空前的will一起，构成一般将来时。故填take over。
【79题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在这种情况下，有些人会选择与人工智能断开联系，或者限制他们与人工智能的接触。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“在这种情况下”，故用固定短语in that case，位于句首，首字母大写。故填In that case。
【80题详解】
考查固定短语、时态。句意：他们认为，从人工智能出现到现在，人工智能一直在远离他们的价值观和目标，他们已经失去了与人工智能的联系。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“住在……之外”，故用固定短语live off，结合from the time it appeared till present可知，live off这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态用现在完成时，主语AI为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has lived off。
【81题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：但在内心深处，他们知道人工智能不会很快消失。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“在内心深处，在心底（知道）”，故用固定短语deep down。故填deep down。
【82题详解】
考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：人工智能是一个复杂的系统，由许多组件和交互组成，包括人类和非人类。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“由……组成”，故用固定短语consist of。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且AI与consist of为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填consisting of。
【83题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：人工智能是一个集体项目，每个人都在船上，不管他们喜欢与否。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“在船上”，故用固定短语on board。故填on board。
【84题详解】
考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：人工智能是一个挑战，每个参与其中的人都要面对它，无论他们是否准备好了。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“参与”，故用固定短语involve in。本空为and后句子的谓语，结合语境和空前的is可知，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为every individual，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填involves in。
【85题详解】
考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致。句意：人工智能并不完美，有时也会崩溃。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“崩溃”，故用固定短语fall apart。本空为and后句子的谓语，结合语境和空前的is可知，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为it，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填falls apart。
第四节 写作(满分15分)
86. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Alex已提前被香港大学(HKU)生物医学专业(Biomedicine) 录取，你对此专业也很感兴趣。请你写封邮件给Alex，内容如下：
1.祝贺他成功被录取；
2.请教申请成功经验；
3.祝愿他一切顺利。
Dear Alex,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
【答案】Dear Alex,
Congratulations on your early acceptance into the Bachelor of Biomedicine program at the University of Hong Kong!
I am writing to you because I am also quite interested in the field of biomedicine and I was hoping you could share some insights into your application process. Could you tell me about any particular experiences or qualifications that you think helped strengthen your application Additionally, What advice would you offer to a student thinking of applying to HKU's biomedicine course
Lastly, I wish you all the best as you embark on this new academic journey. May your time at HKU be filled with discovery, growth, and success.
Looking forward to hearing from you.
【解析】
【导语】这是一封祝贺信。要求考生以李华的名义，就你的英国笔友Alex已提前被香港大学(HKU)生物医学专业(Biomedicine) 录取，你对此专业也很感兴趣一事，给他写封邮件表示祝贺，并请教申请成功的经验。
【详解】1.词汇积累
写信给：write to→ correspond with
因为：because → as a consequence of
对……感兴趣：be interested in→ harbor a passion for
希望：hope→ expect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing to you because I am also quite interested in the field of biomedicine and I was hoping you could share some insights into your application process.
拓展句：I am reaching out to you in light of my profound interest in the domain of biomedicine. It would be immensely beneficial if you could enlighten me on the nuances of your application journey.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Could you tell me about any particular experiences or qualifications that you think helped strengthen your application （使用了以experiences or qualifications为先行词、关系代词that为引导词的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Additionally, What advice would you offer to a student thinking of applying to HKU's biomedicine course （使用了非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰名词student）2023学年下学期高二年级学科综合素养评估
英语
本试卷共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 开考前，考生用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号等信息填写在答题卡指定区域;
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后， 再选涂其它答案;
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上，不得使用涂改液。
第一部分 选择题 (共90分)
一、听力理解(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is Linda
A. A writer. B. A student. C. A teacher.
2. What is the man afraid of
A. Having an accident. B. Missing the interview C Saying something wrong.
3. What does the woman want to do
A. To return a jacket. B. To change a jacket. C. To buy another jacket.
4. Why does the man feel upset
A. A guy stole his clothes. B. He found his clothes ugly.
C. Someone said he was ugly.
5. What does the woman mean
A. She disbelieves her son. B. She feels very sorry for her son.
C. She wants her son to use a new key.
第二节 听下面对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Who is arranging the meeting
A. Peter. B. David. C Janet.
7. When does the man prefer to have the meeting
A. This Wednesday. B. This Friday. C. Next Monday.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9、10 题。
8. What helped change the speaker’s attitude towards study
A. Her professor’s advice. B. Her graduate program. C. Her trip to Africa.
9. How does the speaker feel when she talks about her past experiences
A. Regretful. B. Relieved. C. Grateful.
10. Who is the speaker probably talking to
A. Conservation workers. B. High school students. C. College teachers.
第三节 听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下关键信息。独白播放两遍。
An introduction of Robert Burns
Education background Born in 1759 into a farmer’s family, he never went to school.
Fame and achievement He grew to be the 11.__________ of Scotland and is best known for Auld Lang Syne.
Themes of poems He focused on not only big topics but also 12. ____________
Motivation of creation 13. __________ his Scottish identity, he created the poem Auld Lang Syne to set to the tune of a traditional folk song in 1788.
Influence of Auld Lang Syne ■In many countries, the song is sung at midnight on New Year’s Eve to remember friendships and life. ■I n Scotland, it is common for friends and family to 14. __________as they sing the song. ■On Burns Night, people gather to have haggis, 15. __________ , and sing Auld Lang Syne.
二、单项选择(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
1. The days are gone ______ physical strength was all ______ matters for her athletic career.
A because; what B. when; that C. because; that D. when; what
2. —Next Sunday will be my parents’ 30-year anniversary. I am throwing them a surprise party. Would you like to come
—What a pity! I’d like to, but I ________ with my son then in Italy as promised.
A. will be travelling B. will travel
C. am travelling D. shall travel
3. No sooner ________ home________ he hugged his two sons.
A. he had returned; than B. he had returned; when
C. had he returned; than D. had he returned; when
4. He was found ________ on a bench with a ________ look, most probably concerned about the coming test.
A. seated; worrying B. sit; worried
C. sitting; worrying D. seated; worried
5. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures ________-10℃.
A. averaged B. averaging
C. to average D. being averaged
6. ________ to tears, the audience stood up and ________ their hands violently.
A. Moving; clapped B. Moved; clapping
C. Moved; clapped D. Being moved; clapping
7. For Dutches unfamiliar with American culture, it can be an ________ occasion because they think ________ for dinner means the relationship is distant.
A. upsetting; being thanked B. upsetting; thanked
C. upset: being thanked D. upset; thanking
8. He couldn’t be the person ________ since he was the only one absent from work that day.
A. blamed B. to be blamed C. blaming D. to blame
9. They added some hi-tech elements, which was ________ their program was supposed to shine.
A. what B. where C. which D. whether
10. I asked him ________ he was getting on with his Chinese learning since I was unsure ________ he had passed the HSK exam.
A. how; whether B. what; if C. whether; that D. if; what
11. Tom did not accept the excuse ________ his daughter gave ________ she had been caught up in a traffic jam at midnight.
A. /; whether B. what; that C. /; that D. that; if
12. My experience tells me that it’s not _______ you are given but how you make use of it _______determines who you are.
A. which; what B. what; that C. that; which D. what; which
13. The old man insisted that I ________ his wallet, and I explained to the police I had no motive of theft.
A. has taken B. took C. should take D. had taken
14. To ________ students’ interest in home decorating, a workshop is to be held.
A. arouse B. raise C. rise D. arise
15. I can barely cook, so I ________ ready meals.
A. live in B. live for C. live on D. live by
三、阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题， 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every event here features a noted scientist who discusses a different cosmic (宇宙的) topic. They will be presented with a live stream to our Science World official website and questions can be asked in the website chat.
Black Holes
7:30 PM-8:30 PM, May. 19, 2023
Description: Most galaxies (星系) have a supermassive black hole at their center. These black holes help determine how galaxies will develop over time. Join Dr. Ansel Netscher for an outline of black holes. You can also explore how supermassive black holes may decide the development of galaxies.
The Webb Imagery
8:00 PM-9:30 PM, May. 28, 2023
Description: The amazing visions have attracted the world. But there’s a long and involved process by which scientists’ black-and-white observational data is transformed into dynamic color imagery for the public. Join image specialist Ralph Wilson as he discusses the art and science of translating infrared light.
Hunt for Distant Worlds
7:00 PM-8:00 PM, Jun. 3, 2023
Description: Since the discovery of the first planet orbiting a Sun-like star in 1995, more than 4, 000 exoplanets have been found. These widespread planet systems confirm that our solar system is just one of many in our Milky Way galaxy. The discovery of such systems has provided interesting insights, challenging our views about how planet systems form and develop. Join Dr. Amanda Garcia as she describes the scientific hunt for these distant worlds.
Mars and Beyond
10:00 AM-11:30 AM, Jun.4, 2023
Description: Will we ever reach Mars And what will it take to travel to other stars Dr. Camille Lopez will meet these questions with a speech of what we can expect in the next 30 years. It’s based on what is practical and reasonable when we consider the biological, economic, and philosophical concerns that connect with the engineering challenges of space habitation and exploration.
16. Interested in the development of planet or star system, you can choose ________.
① Black Holes
② The Webb Imagery
③ Hunt for Distant Worlds
④ Mars and Beyond
A. ①④ B. ②④ C. ①③ D. ②③
17. What will you learn from Mars and Beyond
A. Prospect of space travel. B. Application of art to science.
C. The origin and future of Mars. D. Detailed plan of space habitation.
18. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To publicize online public lectures.
B. To compare events of studying science.
C. To stress the importance of space exploration.
D. To expand people’s knowledge about universe.
B
On June 6th Columbia University announced that it will no longer co-operate with US News & World Report’s undergraduate rankings. It is the first top-notch institution to do so. Might its departure be the start of a mass departure
Columbia’s decision follows a rankings scandal last year. In February 2022 one of Columbia’s own maths professors accused the college of fudging its data in several areas. The university later admitted to having used “outdated and/or incorrect methodologies”.
In the 1980s prospective students started to expand their college search beyond their local area, and it was hard to learn about universities and compare them. Hence, US News began ranking America’s top universities in 1983, and has released its findings annually since 1988.
Colleges have gone to great lengths to move up in the ratings. Richard Freeland, Northeastern University’s former president, capped class sizes and hired faculty to improve its spot; it moved from 127th in 2003 to 44th this year. Others went too far. A dean at Temple University’s business school was sentenced to prison and was ordered to pay a $250,000 fine after being found guilty of fraud in relation to artificially inflating his programme’s rankings.
The ranking system used to seem unstoppable. Universities have tried to ditch it before, only to find that doing so can backfire badly. US News still ranks non-participating universities, using publicly available information, and the data often do not go in their favour. Reed College, a liberal-arts college, stopped taking part in 1995. It tumbled from the top quartile to the bottom. Columbia did not submit data for this year’s analysis, citing concerns about Dr Thaddeus’s claims, and its ranking fell from second in 2021-22 (tied with Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology) to 18th in 2022-23 (tied with the University of Notre Dame).
Recently the mood has begun to change, however, especially among graduate schools. In 2022, of the 15 highest-ranked law schools, only the University of Chicago submitted data. Some undergraduate schools have already opted out this year (Rhode Island School of Design, Colorado College, Stillman College), but none are as prestigious as Columbia.
In May US News announced changes to its ranking methodology. It is moving away from metrics that rely on reputation and towards student outcomes. One way or another, the rankings—and universities more broadly—are in a state of constant change.
19. What is true about the US News undergraduate rankings
A. It faked the information for the ratings. B. It filled an information gap at one time.
C. It promoted the quality of higher education. D. It has been released every year for 40 years.
20. If a college does not cooperate with US News, ______.
A. it will be ordered to pay a fine B. it will be excluded from the list
C. its ranking will suffer consequently D. its spot in the ranking won’t be affected
21. The underlined word “capped” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. limited B. increased C. inflated D. maintained
22. It can be inferred from the passage that US News undergraduate rankings may focus more on ______ in the future.
A. scores given by former students B. donations from all walks of life
C. evaluations from other colleges D. earnings for college graduates
C
A moment occurs in the exchange between professor and student when each of us adopts a look. My look says, “What, you don’t understand ” Theirs says, “We don’t. And we think you’re making it up.” We are having a problem. Basically, we’ve all read the same story, but we haven’t used the same analytical approaches. It may seem at times as if the professor is inventing interpretations out of thin air.
Actually, the truth is that as the slightly more experienced reader, the professor has acquired over the years the use of a certain “language reading”. Besides, he has grasped three professional tools-memory, symbol and pattern. These items separate the professional readers from the ordinary ones.
English professors are cursed with memory. When reading a new book, I constantly seek out connections and inferences, recalling faces and themes from past readings. I can’t not do it, although there are plenty of times when that ability is not something I want to exercise. This does not necessarily improve the experience of popular entertainment.
Professors also read and think symbolically. Everything is a symbol of something, it seems, until proven otherwise. We ask: What does the thing over there represent The kind of mind that works its way through undergraduate and then graduate classes in literature and criticism tends to see things as existing in themselves while also representing something else. This tendency to understand the world in symbolic terms is enhanced by years of training and rewards the symbolic imagination.
A related phenomenon in professorial reading is pattern recognition. Most professional students of literature learn to take in the specific detail while seeing the patterns that the detail reveals. Experience has proved to them that life and books fall into similar patterns. Literature is full of patterns, and your reading experience will be much more rewarding when you can step back from the work, even while you are reading it, and look for those patterns.
23. How does the author introduce the topic
A. By describing a real-life scene. B. By using popular quotes.
C. By presenting conflicting ideas. D. By raising an interesting question.
24. Why do the students think the professor is making up interpretations
A. They have limited life experience.
B. They lack chances for sufficient reading.
C. They are unable to analyze the text thoroughly.
D. They do not trust the professor’s teaching abilities.
25. What does paragraph 3 say about English professors
A. They have a strong desire to not have their good memory.
B. Their reading habit doesn’t always guarantee desirable effects.
C. Their memory adds to their reading pleasure of popular works.
D. They keep making connections with their own life while reading.
26 Which is the author’s suggestion on reading literature
A. Identify the hidden text modes. B. Perceive many things at the same time.
C. Look for details and language patterns. D. Memorize patterns of symbolic meanings.
D
Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems.
Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn’t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules.
Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”.
Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently.
There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you’re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade.
Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled,” she says.
27. What does the AI jailbreak refer to
A. The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B. The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C. The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D. The process of AI models learning new information.
28. What can we know about the persona modulation
A. It can help AI models understand emotions.
B. It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C. It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
D. It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
29. What is Yinzhen Li’s attitude towards LLMs
A. Unclear. B. Cautious. C. Approving. D. Negative.
30. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B. LLMs: The Latest Advancement
C. AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D. AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读补全。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。
Home gardens produce delicious food.But that’s not their main virtue.
Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a super-market box, probably harvested unripe. ____31____The other was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten. The first one will probably taste like a slightly sour grape while the second is likely to be sweet and rich in flavour.
Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages. They are convenient and available in the northern globe even in February. But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old tape.____32____
Other people, however, believe gardening a waste of time. But the same could be said of cooking. There are cheap and decent restaurants around, so why bother to make your own meals ____33____They mistake the product for the purpose.
Actually, a garden, especially in the early years, can produce little but frustration(挫败感). New gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. Rabbits have an annoying habit of taking single bites of vegetable, then leaving the rest to go bad.____34____ No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure — as with cooking, writing, bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile — is in the work itself.A gardener’s memories revolve not around the food produced, but around long afternoons with hands in the dirt.
____35____
A. No one can ever avoid this hard stage.
B. So why don’t we start home gardening for delicious food
C. This might explain why many people desire a home garden.
D. These people misunderstand the ultimate appeal of gardening.
E By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the plant for days.
F. To garden is to patiently and lovingly help life grow in the ground and above it.
G. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to uncooperative weather.
四、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I’ve reached the turn-around point of the day’s kayaking (皮划艇) trip. Sweat runs down my cheek as I ___36___ my fingers through the cool water. I look around. It’s just me, a couple of seagulls, and shining freshwater to the horizon. This, I whisper to myself, is ___37___.
Solo outings had never ___38___ my mind before because I always had loyal friends willing to tag along. But three years ago, I moved to Cleveland. Meeting close friends in a new city is ___39___. And a world wide health crisis made ___40___ impossible.
In October 2022, I decided to ___41___ a whole day on a solo hiking trip. I went to Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) to ___42___ the autumn leaves. Five miles in, I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so alive. I was more ___43___ of my surroundings than I’d ever been while hiking that day. I studied the markings of trees, focused my ears on each forest sound and did something I had almost never spared ___44___ for: I listened to my own thoughts. Every word in my mind pointed to a newfound ___45___—solo hiking is my happy place. From then on, I have adjusted myself to any solo activity.
Pride ___46___ through my body when I first launched my kayak. My chest, ___47___ tightened by nerves, was bursting with happiness as I finally reached the middle of the river that I’d long ___48___ standing on shore before.
Adventuring alone has become like medicine for me! It’s also pushed me to go ___49___ my comfort zone and to meet new people. Through meetups and social media, my adventure friend circle has ___50___. But at least once per month, I schedule time to hit nature with my favorite trail buddy: me.
36.
A. dip B. raise C. point D. slip
37.
A. exhausting B. awesome C. surprising D. terrible
38.
A. crossed B. lost C. cleared D. occupied
39.
A. available B. crucial C. tough D. common
40.
A. admissions B. circumstances C. connections D. relationships
41.
A. bring up B. take up C. pull up D. put up
42.
A. appreciate B. collect C. cut D. sweep
43.
A. ashamed B. scared C. aware D. tired
44.
A. time B. effort C. room D. money
45.
A. myth B. regulation C. definition D. truth
46.
A. pulled B. looked C. coursed D. carried
47.
A occasionally B. initially C. constantly D. instantly
48.
A. visited B. swam C. rowed D. admired
49.
A. within B. into C. beyond D. through
50.
A. emerged B. ballooned C. surrounded D. encountered
第二部分 非选择题(共60分)
第一节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Yoga enthusiast poses for a photo in an immersive art exhibition of Vincent Van Gogh, ____51____ (title) “Van Gogh Alive” in Bangkok.
AI Van Gogh appears on a video screen at the end of a super exhibition concentrating on the final weeks of his life in Auvers-sur-Oise village. ____52____ (amazing), AI Vincent is well-informed of 21st century therapy speak. “While I ____53____ (face) with mental health struggles, my move to the village was not motivated ____54____ a desire to end my life,” he said.
As the paintings suggest, his final weeks were extraordinarily ____55____ (produce), full of masterpieces including The Church at Auvers, Wheatfield with Crows and his very last, Tree Roots. Among the ____56____ (highlight) is a room special for his “double-square” panoramas (全景画), a technical revolution in which he used very long and thin canvases, indicating the widescreen landscapes of cinema.
It is perhaps fitting that the show ends with modern technologies, ____57____ have become increasingly common as exhibitions try to pull in the younger audience.
Besides Van Gogh chatbot, visitors can also put on a virtual reality headset ____58____ (enter) the kitchen of Dr. Gachet, where Van Gogh spent time in his final weeks, take ____59____ virtual trip around an enormous version of his paint palette(调色板), and plunge into the tree roots of his final painting. The state-of-the-art helmet can track the hands of users, _____60_____ (allow) them to pick up items in the virtual world.
第二节 单词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
根据上下文选择合适的单词，在空格处填入单词的正确形式，使文章信息完整，意思准确。
preciously preserve access strength extreme
accompany qualify prohibit flexible crisis
vary complain adjust hesitate option
Senior high school life is a challenging but rewarding journey that requires a lot of acknowledgement, ____61____, and resilience(恢复力). Students face various ____62____ , such as academic pressure, peer pressure, identity issues, and emotional problems. They also have to deal with ____63____ from teachers, parents, and themselves. They have to follow the rules and regulations of the school, which may ____64____ some of their behaviors or preferences. They have to balance their studies, extracurricular activities, and social life.
However, senior high school life also offers many opportunities for ____65____ one’s skills, knowledge, and personality. Students can explore their interests and talents in different fields and subjects. They can participate in ____66____ competitions and events ____67____ for higher education or career paths. They can learn from their teachers, mentors, and peers who can provide guidance and support. They can also enjoy the friendship of their classmates and ____68____ by their friends who share their joys and sorrows.
Senior high school life is a ____69____ and memorable stage of one’s life that _____70_____ in many books, movies, and songs so far. It is a time when students can discover themselves and the world around them. It is a time when diverse and _____71_____ resources and opportunities can be _____72_____ to enrich their learning and growth. It is a time when students can be _____73_____ or confident, _____74_____ or rigidly, _____75_____ or moderately, depending on their choices and consequences. Senior high school life is a time when students can shape their future and destiny.
第三节 短语填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据上下文选择合适的词组，在空格处填入词组的正确形式，使文章信息完整，意思准确，有两个词组是多余选项。
fall apart fade away in that case get through call on bring out
deep down on board live off take over consist of involve in
AJ (Artificial Intelligence) is not just a technology, but a way of life for many people. Some people use AI to create art, music, or games, ____76____ their passions with the help of algorithms. Others rely on AI ____77____ their daily tasks, such as managing their finances, health, or education. AI is also a source of entertainment, providing endless content and experiences for users to enjoy.
But AI is not without its challenges and risks. Some people fear that AI will ____78____ their jobs, or even their lives. AI is constantly evolving, and sometimes it can be hard to keep up with its changes and demands.
____79____ , some people choose to disconnect from AI, or limit their exposure to it. They prefer to live a simpler, more natural life, without the interference of machines. They feel that AI ____80____ from their values and goals from the time it appeared till present, and that they have lost their connection with it. They want to reclaim their autonomy and identity, and not depend on AI for everything.
But ____81____ , they know that AI is not going away anytime soon. AI is a part of the world, and the world is a part of AJ. AI is a complex system, ____82____ many components and interactions, both human and non-human. AI is a collective project, and everyone is ____83____ , whether they like it or not. AI is a challenge, and every individual ____84____ to face it, whether they are ready or not.
AI is not perfect, and it _____85_____ on occasion. But AI is also resilient, and always finds a way to recover and improve. AI is not a threat, but an opportunity. AI is not an enemy, but a friend. AI is not a dream, but a reality.
第四节 写作(满分15分)
86. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Alex已提前被香港大学(HKU)生物医学专业(Biomedicine) 录取，你对此专业也很感兴趣。请你写封邮件给Alex，内容如下：
1.祝贺他成功被录取；
2.请教申请成功经验；
3.祝愿他一切顺利。
Dear Alex,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
