人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement单元话题完形填空专项练习：单元重难点易错题精练（含解析）
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Unit 1单元话题完形填空专项练习
(名校最新真题)
（2022·江苏·高邮市第一中学高二阶段练习）The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___2___ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___4___, in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___6___ published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___7___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____10____. He spent his lifetime alone ____11____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to ____12____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ____13____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ____14____ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____15____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
1．A．.remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．negating
2．A．nature B．.conduct C．flavour D．benefit
3．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable. D．mild
4．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association
5．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up
6．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically
7．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed
8．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured
9．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient
10．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence
11．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating
12．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure
13．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune
14．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions
15．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out
（2022·全国·高二课时练习）In 1896, 17-year-old Einstein went to Zurich to study physics. There he met Marits, a girl from Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brought the two together and they became good___16___. Before long, they fell in love with each other. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he___17___Marits, who was four years older than he.___18___their marriage, Einstein___19___himself to the research of the great theory of relativity. To give her husband more help, Marits gave___20___her own work, and became a good wife and___21___. She tried her best to encourage him___22___possible. She was sure that her husband would succeed. They often discussed the theory while walking outside or sitting together in the room. They___23___did that in their letters when one of them was___24___from home.
In 1914, the Einsteins moved to Berlin and____25____down there. At that time, Einstein's theory____26____to be correct and he became famous all over the world.
Marits was very ____27____her husband with his success. But it was not long____28____the First World War____29____. Marits as well as her two sons, who were____30____holiday in Switzerland, couldn't come back to Berlin any longer. The war not only stopped Einstein's work but also broke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had to get divorced.
16．A．pairs B．couples C．friends D．classmates
17．A．saved B．defeated C．married D．blamed
18．A．Since B．For C．With D．After
19．A．gave B．offered C．forced D．devoted
20．A．off B．out C．up D．in
21．A．cook B．mother C．friend D．assistant
22．A．whatever B．whenever C．however D．wherever
23．A．even B．never C．seldom D．sometimes
24．A．beyond B．off C．out D．away
25．A．put B．settled C．took D．sat
26．A．seemed B．appeared C．proved D．looked
27．A．proud of B．praised for C．pleased with D．worried about
28．A．when B．before C．since D．as
29．A．figured out B．worked out C．turned out D．broke out
30．A．in B．at C．on D．for
（2022·全国·高二专题练习）
Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. Even fewer will be____31____by the whole world,____32____the title of United Nations Messenger of Peace.
But one woman has____33____all that. She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years and made great____34____. Jane Goodall's lifelong____35____in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11, Jane____36____going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young girls didn't think of having such "wild" actions. But she was____37____by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of chances and never give up looking for a way.
When a close friend invited Jane to Kenya in 1957, she readily____38____it. Within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist（人类学家）Dr Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Jane was the ____39____person he was looking for to begin a_____40_____of wild chimps on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.
In the beginning, studying the chimps was not_____41_____for her. The animals fled from her_____42_____. With a strong_____43_____, she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimps too soon. Gradually the chimps became used to her presence.
In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using_____44_____to fish for termites（白蚁）. This discovery threw light on the popular idea at the time that man was the world's only toolmaker. The longer Jane's research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimps are very_____45_____to humans.
Since the mid-1980s, Jane has been lecturing around the world to raise people's sense about environmental protection. Let's live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love," she said.
31．A．recognized B．known C．accepted D．admitted
32．A．receiving B．giving C．enjoying D．having
33．A．done B．proved C．achieved D．faded
34．A．discoveries B．decisions C．choices D．findings
35．A．study B．interest C．sense D．dream
36．A．was fond of B．was tired of C．insisted on D．dreamed of
37．A．encouraged B．prevented C．advised D．forced
38．A．accepted B．refused C．received D．considered
39．A．only B．last C．special D．first
40．A．project B．study C．centre D．career
41．A．hard B．interesting C．easy D．convenient
42．A．in surprise B．in a hurry C．as expected D．in fear
43．A．will B．body C．desire D．mind
44．A．nets B．tools C．holes D．spoons
45．A．close B．similar C．friendly D．helpful
（2022·青海西宁·高二期末）Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his ___46___ face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese ___47___, for whom he has ___48___ for the past fifty years. Yuan Longping ___49___ what is called super hybrid rice. In 1973, he became the first ___50___ pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high ___51___. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the ___52___ in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice ___53___ in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
Born in 1930, Yuan Longping ___54___ from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life ___55___. As a young man, he saw the great need for ___56___ the rice output. At that time, hunger was a ___57___ problem in many parts of the countryside. Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without ___58___ the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce about fifty-six million tons of rice. ___59___, in a recent harvest, nearly two hundred million tons of ___60___ was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world ‘s people are ___61___ from just 7% of the farmland in the world. Yuan Longping is now ___62___ his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. ___63___ his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of ___64___. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing ___65___ twice as large as before.
46．A．sunburnt B．slight C．white D．energetic
47．A．doctors B．workers C．singers D．farmers
48．A．escaped B．stopped C．relaxed D．struggled
49．A．buys B．grows C．eats D．sells
50．A．academic B．agricultural C．industrial D．medical
51．A．price B．input C．output D．risk
52．A．crop B．wheat C．corn D．porridge
53．A．defended B．produced C．wasted D．mixed
54．A．graduated B．campaigned C．behaved D．gestured
55．A．regret B．joke C．goal D．fantasy
56．A．harming B．ignoring C．reducing D．increasing
57．A．hopeful B．disturbing C．small D．limited
58．A．preserving B．observing C．expanding D．representing
59．A．Otherwise B．Although C．Therefore D．However
60．A．fruit B．meat C．water D．rice
61．A．misunderstood B．cared C．fed D．measured
62．A．circulating B．overcoming C．forgetting D．burying
63．A．In spite of B．Thanks to C．In terms of D．Regardless of
64．A．fat B．impoliteness C．hunger D．laziness
65．A．harvests B．seeds C．roots D．earnings
（2022·云南·丽江市教育科学研究所高二期末）Gu Fangzhou was known as “the father of sugar pills” for an oral polio vaccine (骨髓灰质炎疫苗) he developed which ___66___ reduced the disease incidence rate.
Born in 1926, he faced a ___67___ time with his father’s death. In school, he was teased because his family was poor. ___68___ unfavorable conditions, he ___69___ admission at Beijing University. He ___70___ his early success to his mother’s ___71___.
In 1995, a huge ___72___of polio infected 1680 people, which resulted in 466 deaths. The government assigned Gu to lead polio research. He ___73___ his mind to invent an affordable vaccine for the ___74___ patients and to eradicate (彻底消灭) polio.
To ___75___ polio, it’s essential to ensure a cold chain for the vaccines. However, it was ___76___ to provide freezers in rural areas. The ___77___ was achieved when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills. To test the ___78___, he took the pills himself and started the human trial. He ___79___ gave the pills to his son. “If I don’t ___80___ in what my team produce, how can others ” said Gu.
After repeated testing, the pills were made. The ___81___ taste made it easy to give the pills to kids and the pills were easy to ___82___ for rural communities without ___83___. “We feel ___84___ that kids will no longer get polio,” said Gu, “That’s what we ___85___.”
66．A．slightly B．merely C．accidentally D．significantly
67．A．meaningful B．regretful C．tough D．precious
68．A．Appreciating B．Overcoming C．Analyzing D．Observing
69．A．gained B．ignored C．refused D．expected
70．A．offered B．owed C．applied D．changed
71．A．encouragement B．honesty C．kindness D．generosity
72．A．outbreak B．discovery C．research D．treatment
73．A．gave up B．came up C．made up D．cut up
74．A．rich B．healthy C．normal D．poor
75．A．recover from B．wipe out C．bring in D．insist on
76．A．exciting B．discouraging C．reasonable D．impossible
77．A．breakthrough B．chance C．confidence D．belief
78．A．smell B．cost C．taste D．effects
79．A．still B．even C．always D．never
80．A．cheat B．agree C．believe D．behave
81．A．bitter B．spicy C．sweet D．sour
82．A．produce B．process C．present D．preserve
83．A．doctors B．experts C．freezers D．nurses
84．A．shocked B．satisfied C．scared D．sufficient
85．A．hoped B．hated C．begged D．broke
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。
16．C 17．C 18．D 19．D 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦和他的前妻Marits的故事。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在同一个班级学习，对物理的相同兴趣使他们走到一起，成为了好朋友 A. pairs一对；B. couples夫妻；C. friends朋友；D. classmates同学。由空前句意“……对于在物理方面同样的兴趣使得他们两个人走到一起”以及下文“不久，他们相爱了”可知，这里是指他们成为好朋友。故选C。
17．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1903年，爱因斯坦24岁时娶了比他大4岁的Marits。A. saved拯救；B. defeated打败；C. married娶，结婚；D. blamed责备。根据后文 3 their marriage,…可知，此处指爱因斯坦娶了Marits。故选C。
18．考查介词词义辨析。句意：婚后，爱因斯坦致力于伟大相对论的研究。A. Since自从；B. For为了；C. With有；D. After在……之后。由语境可知，他们结婚以后，爱因斯坦投身于对相对论的研究。故选D。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gave给；B. offered提供；C. forced强迫；D. devoted投身于，致力于。devote oneself to sth.致力于某事，是固定搭配。故选D。
20．考查介词和动词短语词义变成。句意：为了给丈夫更多的帮助，Marits放弃了自己的工作，成为了一名好妻子和好助手。所给选项可以和空前动词give构动词短语。A. give off发出（光和热等）；B. give out发出，分发；C. give up放弃；D. give in屈服，投降。根据后文and became a good wife and…可知，Marits放弃了自己的工作，成为了丈夫的好妻子和好助手。故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cook厨师；B. mother母亲；C. friend朋友；D. assistant助手。由上文中的..her husband more help及下文可知，此处指Marits成为爱因斯坦的贤妻和助手。故选D。
22．考查连词词义辨析。句意：不管什么时候只要有可能，她都尽力去鼓励他。A. whatever无论什么；B. whenever无论何时；C. however 无论如何；D. wherever无论何地。结合句意和语境可知，此处需用whenever，表示不管何时，只要有时间，Marits 都会去鼓励爱因斯坦。故选B。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至在信中讨论问题，当他们中的一个人不在家的时候。A. even甚至；B. never从不；C. seldom几乎不；D. sometimes有时候。由上文可知他们总是一起讨论问题。此处用even表示程度进一步加深，即“他们甚至在信中也讨论问题”。故选A。
24．考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. beyond超出；B. off离开（某地）；C. out出去；D. away离开。由上文中的in their letters可知，此处是说他们其中一个不在家的时候。be away from home不在家，符合语境。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1914年，爱因斯坦一家搬到柏林定居下来。A. put放；B. settled定居，解决；C. took带走；D. sat坐。根据空前的moved to Berlin可知，爱因斯坦一家在柏林定居。settle down定居。故选B。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，他在全世界闻名。A. seemed似乎，好像；B. appeared看起来像；C. proved证明；D. looked看，看起来。由空格后的to be correct和he became famous all over the world可推知，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。故选C。
27．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：Marits为她丈夫的成功感到骄傲。A. proud of以……感到骄傲；B. praised for因……赞扬……；C. pleased with对……感到满意；D. worried about对……感到担忧。由上下文和常识来看，因为爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，所以Marits为丈夫的成功感到自豪。故选A。
28．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但不久，第一次世界大战爆发了。A. when当……时候；B. before在……之前；C. since因为；D. as当……时候。It was not long before... 为固定句式，意为“不久就……”。故选B。
29．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. figured out弄清楚，弄明白；B. worked out算出；C. turned out结果是；D. broke out战争/火灾/疾病的爆发。根据the First World War可知，战争的爆发需用动词短语broke out。故选D。
30．考查介词词义辨析。句意：Marits和她在瑞士度假的两个儿子再也回不来柏林了。A. in后接年份/月份/季节的时间词；B. at后接具体的时刻；C. on后接具体的某一天的上午，下午或晚上；D. for后接一段时间。be on holiday在度假，固定短语。故选C。
31．A 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．A 39．C 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jane Goodall的贡献以及她对黑猩猩的研究。
31．考查动词辨析。句意：更少的人会得到全世界的认可，享有联合国和平使者的头衔。A. recognized认可，承认；B. known知道，了解；C. accepted接受；D. admitted承认。根据上文的but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. 可知，此处表示很少的人得到全世界的认可。故选A。
32．考查动词辨析。句意：更少的人会得到全世界的认可，享有联合国和平使者的头衔。A. receiving接收；B. giving给；C. enjoying享有，享受；D. having有。根据the title of United Nations Messenger of Peace.可知，此处表示享有盛誉。故选C。
33．考查动词辨析。句意：但有一位女性做到了这一切。A. done做；B. proved证明；C. achieved完成，达到；D. faded逐渐消退。But前后形成对比关系，上文提到很少有人能做到的事情，此处强调Jane Goodall做到了，“被全世界认可和享有联合国和平使者的头衔”这些都是非凡的成就，是她做到了这一切。故选C。
34．考查名词辨析。句意：她和黑猩猩在非洲森林里生活了许多年，并取得了重大发现。A. discoveries发现；B. decisions决定；C. choices选择；D. findings调查结果。根据She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years可知，取得了重大发现。make great discoveries为固定短语，意为“取得重大的发现”。故选A。
35．考查名词辨析。句意：珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。A. study研究，学习；B. interest兴趣；C. sense感觉；D. dream梦想。根据下文中This was quite a strange dream in those days可知珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。故选B。
36．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在10岁或11岁的时候，简梦想着去非洲和动物们生活在一起。A. was fond of喜欢；B. was tired of对……感到厌倦；C. insisted on坚持；D. dreamed of梦想。根据This was quite a strange dream可知，Jane梦想着去非洲和动物们在一起。故选D。
37．考查动词辨析。句意：但她的母亲鼓励她追寻梦想。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prevented阻止；C. advised建议；D. forced迫使，强迫。根据下文She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of chances and never give up looking for a way.（她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法。）可知，母亲鼓励她去追寻梦想。故选A。
38．考查动词辨析。句意：1957年，一位密友邀请简去肯尼亚，她欣然接受了邀请。A. accepted接受；B. refused拒绝；C. received接收；D. considered考虑。根据下文Within a few months of her arrival可知，Jane欣然接受了朋友的邀请。故选A。
39．考查副词辨析和形容词辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月里，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·李基博士，路易斯·李基博士很快就确定了简就是他在坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖边开始对野生黑猩猩研究的特别对象。A. only仅仅；B. last最后；C. special特别的；D. first第一。根据上文内容可知，Jane一直以来的梦想在当时的人看来是奇怪的，因此路易斯·李基博士认为她是特别的人。故选C。
40．考查名词辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基博士，他很快就认定简是他要寻找的特别的人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。A. project工程；B. study研究；C. centre中心；D. career职业生涯。根据In the beginning, studying the chimps可知，此处表示开始了对黑猩猩的研究。故选B。
41．考查形容词辨析。句意：一开始，研究黑猩猩对她来说并不容易。A. hard艰难的；B. interesting有趣的；C. easy容易的；D. convenient方便的。根据The animals fled from her可知，动物们的逃离使得刚开始的研究并不容易。故选C。
42．考查介词短语辨析。句意：动物们害怕地逃离了她。A. in surprise惊奇地；B. in a hurry匆忙地；C. as expected不出所料，正如预期的；D. in fear唯恐，害怕。根据下文Gradually the chimps became used to her presence.（渐渐地，黑猩猩们习惯了她的存在。）可知，一开始由于不熟悉，黑猩猩因为害怕逃走了。故选D。
43．考查名词辨析。句意：凭着坚强的意志，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩。A. will意志力；B. body身体；C. desire渴望；D. mind思考能力，思维方式。根据she searched the forest every day可知，虽然刚开始研究并不顺利，Jane有着坚强的意志。故选A。
44．考查名词辨析。句意：1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕鱼白蚁。A. nets网，网状物；B. tools工具；C. holes洞；D. spoons勺子。根据下文中that man was the world's only toolmaker可知，设空处对应的信息词是toolmaker，tool符合语境。故选B。
45．考查形容词辨析。句意：简的研究进行得越久，黑猩猩与人类的相似之处就越明显。 A. close亲密的；B. similar相似的；C. friendly友好的；D. helpful有帮助的。根据上文In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using tools to fish for termites（1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕鱼白蚁）可知，随着研究的深入，她发现黑猩猩与人类的相似之处。故选B。
46．A 47．D 48．D 49．B 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．A 55．C 56．D 57．B 58．C 59．D 60．D 61．C 62．A 63．B 64．C 65．A
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章叙述了袁隆平的一生为了提高水稻产量奋斗的故事。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他被太阳晒黑的脸和胳膊，以及他苗条强壮的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，他为之奋斗了50年。A. sunburnt晒黑的；B. slight轻微的；C. white白色的；D. energetic精力充沛的。结合后文“just like those of millions of Chinese 2 ”袁隆平和大多数农民一样，脸和胳膊是被晒黑的。故选A项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他被太阳晒黑的脸和胳膊，以及他苗条强壮的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，他为之奋斗了50年。A. doctors医生；B. workers工人；C. singers歌手；D. farmers农民。结合前文“his 1 face and arms and his slim, strong body”可知，和农民一样。故选D项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他被太阳晒黑的脸和胳膊，以及他苗条强壮的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，他为之奋斗了50年。A. escaped逃跑；B. stopped停下；C. relaxed放松；D. struggled奋斗。结合全文以及“for the past fifty years. ”可知，袁隆平为农民们奋斗了50年。故选D项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平种植所谓的超级杂交水稻。A. buys买；B. grows种；C. eats吃；D. sells卖。结合后文“super hybrid rice”超级杂交水稻，可知水稻是袁隆平种植的。故选B项。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1973年，他成为世界上第一个种植高产水稻的农业先驱。A. academic学术的；B. agricultural农业的；C. industrial工业的；D. medical医学的。结合前文“super hybrid rice”超级杂交水稻，可知他是农业的先驱。故选B项。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1973年，他成为世界上第一个种植高产水稻的农业先驱。A. price价格；B. input投入；C. output产出；D. risk风险。结合后文“This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20%”可知，超级杂交水稻的产量很高。故选C项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的水稻品种使得在同样的田地里生产20%以上的作物成为可能。A. crop作物；B. wheat小麦；C. corn玉米；D. porridge粥。根据常识可知，水稻是一种农作物。故选A项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，中国每年生产的水稻中有60%以上来自这种杂交品种。A. defended保护；B. produced生产；C. wasted废弃；D. mixed混合。结合语境，应该是每年生产出的水稻。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平生于1930年，1953年毕业于西南农学院。A. graduated毕业；B. campaigned参加竞选；C. behaved举止得体；D. gestured做手势。根据“from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953”可知，1953年毕业于西南农学院。graduate from为固定搭配，意为“毕业于”。故选A项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，找到种植更多水稻的方法就成了他的人生目标。A. regret遗憾；B. joke玩笑；C. goal目标；D. fantasy幻想。结合“finding ways to grow more rice”，他的人生目标是找到种植更多水稻的方法。故选C项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个年轻人，他看到了增加水稻产量的巨大需要。A. harming伤害；B. ignoring忽视；C. reducing减少；D. increasing增加。结合前文“ finding ways to grow more rice ”可知增加水稻产量有很大需求。故选D项。
57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在当时，在许多地区的农村，饥饿是一个令人不安的问题。A. hopeful充满希望的；B. disturbing令人不安的；C. small小的；D. limited有限的。结合语境可知，农村地区的饥饿问题还是个令人不安的问题。故选B项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平在不扩大田地面积的情况下，寻找一种增加水稻产量的方法。A. preserving保存；B. observing观察；C. expanding扩大；D. representing表现。根据“the area of the fields.”以及常识可知，隆平在不扩大田地面积的情况下，寻找一种增加水稻产量的方法。故选C项。
59．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在最近的一次收获中，大米产量接近两亿吨。A. Otherwise否则；B. Although虽然；C. Therefore因此；D. However但是。前文“In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce about fifty-six million tons of rice.”1950年产量只有五千六百万吨。后文“nearly two hundred million tons” 接近两亿吨，为明显的转折关系。故选D项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在最近的一次收获中，水稻产量接近两亿吨。A. fruit水果；B. meat肉；C. water水；D. rice米。全文都在介绍水稻，所以这里指的是水稻产量。故选D 项。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些增加的收成意味着世界上22%的人口依靠世界上仅仅7%的耕地来获取食物。A. misunderstood被误解；B. cared 被关心；C. fed以……为食物；D. measured被衡量。结合“from just 7% of the farmland in the world”，人们是依靠粮食来获取食物。故选C项。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平现在正在印度、越南和其他许多欠发达国家传播他的知识，以增加他们的水稻收成。A. circulating传播；B. overcoming克服；C. forgetting遗忘；D. burying埋葬。结合“in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests”可知，袁隆平正在各国传播水稻种植的知识。故选A项。
63．考查介词词组辨析。句意：多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的工具。A. In spite of尽管如此；B. Thanks to多亏；C. In terms of关于；D. Regard less of不管不顾。结合“to increase their rice harvests”以及“the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of ____”可知，多亏了他的研究，才使得更多的人远离饥饿。故选B项。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的工具。A. fat肥胖；B. impoliteness不礼貌；C. hunger饥饿；D. laziness懒惰。结合全文，袁隆平种植水稻就是为了消除饥饿。故选C项。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：利用他的杂交水稻，农民的收成是以前的两倍。A. harvests收成；B. seeds种子；C. roots根；D. earnings收入。根据“ rice harvests”可知，水稻的产量提高了，收成也提高了。故选A项。
66．D 67．C 68．B 69．A 70．B 71．A 72．A 73．C 74．D 75．B 76．D 77．A 78．D 79．B 80．C 81．C 82．D 83．C 84．B 85．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了脊髓灰质炎疫苗研发者“中国糖丸之父”顾方舟的故事。
66．考查副词词义辨析。句意：顾方舟被称为“糖丸之父”，因为他开发的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗大大降低了疾病的发病率。A. slightly轻微地；B. merely仅仅；C. accidentally意外地；D. significantly显著地。根据上文“Gu Fangzhou was known as “the father of sugar pills” for an oral polio vaccine”以及常识可知，顾方舟研发的服脊髓灰质炎疫苗大大降低了疾病的发病率。故选D。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1926年出生的他面临着父亲去世的艰难时期。A. meaningful有意义的；B. regretful遗憾的；C. tough艰难的；D. precious珍贵的。根据下文“with his father’s death”可知，因为父亲的去世，他面临着艰难的生活。故选C。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克服不利条件，他被北京大学录取。A. Appreciating欣赏；B. Overcoming克服；C. Analyzing分析；D. Observing观察。根据空后“admission at Beijing University”可知，虽然顾方舟的生活艰难，但是他克服了不利的条件，被北京大学录取了。故选B。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克服不利条件，他被北京大学录取。A. gained获得；B. ignored忽略；C. refused拒绝；D. expected预期。根据上文“admission at Beijing University”可知，他克服了不利的条件，被获得了北京大学的录取。故选A。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把早期的成功归功于母亲的鼓励。A. offered预定；B. owed归功于；C. applied申请；D. changed变更。根据句中“his early success to his mother’s”可知，顾方舟把早期的成功归功于母亲的鼓励。owe…to“把……归功于”。故选B。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把早期的成功归功于母亲的鼓励。A. encouragement鼓励；B. honesty诚实；C. kindness善良；D. generosity慷慨。根据句中“his early success to his mother’s”可知，他把早期的成功归功于母亲的鼓励。故选A。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1995年，大规模爆发的脊髓灰质炎感染了1680人，导致466人死亡。A. outbreak爆发；B. discovery发现；C. research研究；D. treatment治疗。根据下文“which resulted in 466 deaths”可知，在1995年，大规模爆发的脊髓灰质炎，造成了1680人感染，466人死亡。故选A。
73．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他决心为贫困患者发明一种负担得起的疫苗，并根除脊髓灰质炎。A. gave up放弃；B. came up出现；C. made up化妆；D. cut up切碎。根据上文“The government assigned Gu to lead polio research.”可知，政府指派顾方舟领导脊髓灰质炎的研究，所以他下决心为贫困患者发明一种负担得起的疫苗。make up one’s mind to do sth.“下定决心做某事”。故选C。
74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他决心为贫困患者发明一种负担得起的疫苗，并根除脊髓灰质炎。A. rich富有的；B. healthy健康的；C. normal正常的；D. poor贫穷。根据下文“in rural areas”可知，他下决心为贫困的患者发明一种负担得起的疫苗。故选D。
75．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了消灭脊髓灰质炎，必须确保疫苗冷链。A. recover from从……中恢复；B. wipe out消灭；C. bring in引入；D.坚持insist on。根据上文“eradicate (彻底消灭) polio”可知，为了消灭脊髓灰质炎，就必须确保疫苗的在冷链中保存。故选B。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在农村地区不可能提供冰柜。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. discouraging令人沮丧的；C. reasonable合理的；D. impossible不可能的。根据下文“in rural areas”可知，当时在农村地区提供冰柜是不可能的。故选D。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一突破是在顾成功研制出糖衣丸之后实现的。A. breakthrough突破；B. chance机会；C. confidence信心；D. belief信念。根据下文“when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills”可知，因为农村地区不可能提供冰柜，所以顾方舟研制出了糖衣丸，突破了这一缺陷。故选A。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了测试效果，他自己服用了这些药片并开始了人体试验。A. smell气味；B. cost成本；C. taste味道；D. effects效果。根据下文“he took the pills himself and started the human trial”可知，疫苗研制出来后，要测试效果，所以他在自己的身上先开始了人体实验。故选D。
79．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他甚至把药给了儿子。A. still仍然；B. even甚至；C. always始终；D. never从不。根据空后“gave the pills to his son”可知，除了在自己身上测试疫苗，他甚至把药给了他的儿子。故选B。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果我不相信我的团队所做的，其他人怎么能相信？”顾说。A. cheat欺骗；B. agree同意；C. believe相信；D. behave表现。根据下文“how can others？”可知，顾方舟选择相信他的团队研制的疫苗，这样别人也会相信他们。故选C。
81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：甜味让孩子们很容易去吃这些药，而且这些药在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。A. bitter苦的；B. spicy辣的；C. sweet甜的；D. sour酸的。根据空后“made it easy to give the pills to kids”以及常识可知，糖丸是甜的，所以很容易让孩子们吃下这些药。故选C。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：甜味让孩子们很容易吃到这些药，而且这些药在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。A. produce生产；B. process加工；C. present呈现；D. preserve保存。根据上文“The 12 was achieved when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills.”可知，为了解决农村地区没有冰柜的问题，顾方舟研发了糖丸。这样就不需要把它放到冷柜中了。由此可知，这些药在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。故选D。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：甜味让孩子们很容易吃到这些药片，而且这些药片在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。A. doctors医生；B. experts专家；C. freezers冰柜；D. nurses护士。根据上文“The 12 was achieved when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills.”可知，为了解决农村地区没有冰柜的问题，顾方舟研发了糖丸。这样就不需要把它放到冰柜中。由此可知，这些药在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。故选C。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：顾说：“我们对孩子们不再得小儿麻痹症感到满意，这是我们所希望的。”A. shocked震惊的；B. satisfied满意的；C. scared害怕的；D. sufficient足够的。根据空后“that kids will no longer get polio”可知，他们对孩子们不再得小儿麻痹症感到满意。故选B。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾说：“我们对孩子们不再得小儿麻痹症感到满意，这是我们所希望的。”A. hoped希望；B. hated憎恨；C. begged乞求；D. begged破产。根据上文“He 8 his mind to invent an affordable vaccine for the 9 patients and to eradicate (彻底消灭) polio.”可知，不再让孩子们的小儿麻痹症，这正是他们所希望的。故选A。
(名校最新真题)
（2022·江苏·高邮市第一中学高二阶段练习）The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___2___ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___4___, in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___6___ published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was ___7___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____10____. He spent his lifetime alone ____11____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to ____12____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ____13____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ____14____ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____15____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
1．A．.remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．negating
2．A．nature B．.conduct C．flavour D．benefit
3．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable. D．mild
4．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association
5．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up
6．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically
7．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed
8．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured
9．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient
10．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence
11．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating
12．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure
13．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune
14．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions
15．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out
（2022·全国·高二课时练习）In 1896, 17-year-old Einstein went to Zurich to study physics. There he met Marits, a girl from Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brought the two together and they became good___16___. Before long, they fell in love with each other. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he___17___Marits, who was four years older than he.___18___their marriage, Einstein___19___himself to the research of the great theory of relativity. To give her husband more help, Marits gave___20___her own work, and became a good wife and___21___. She tried her best to encourage him___22___possible. She was sure that her husband would succeed. They often discussed the theory while walking outside or sitting together in the room. They___23___did that in their letters when one of them was___24___from home.
In 1914, the Einsteins moved to Berlin and____25____down there. At that time, Einstein's theory____26____to be correct and he became famous all over the world.
Marits was very ____27____her husband with his success. But it was not long____28____the First World War____29____. Marits as well as her two sons, who were____30____holiday in Switzerland, couldn't come back to Berlin any longer. The war not only stopped Einstein's work but also broke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had to get divorced.
16．A．pairs B．couples C．friends D．classmates
17．A．saved B．defeated C．married D．blamed
18．A．Since B．For C．With D．After
19．A．gave B．offered C．forced D．devoted
20．A．off B．out C．up D．in
21．A．cook B．mother C．friend D．assistant
22．A．whatever B．whenever C．however D．wherever
23．A．even B．never C．seldom D．sometimes
24．A．beyond B．off C．out D．away
25．A．put B．settled C．took D．sat
26．A．seemed B．appeared C．proved D．looked
27．A．proud of B．praised for C．pleased with D．worried about
28．A．when B．before C．since D．as
29．A．figured out B．worked out C．turned out D．broke out
30．A．in B．at C．on D．for
（2022·全国·高二专题练习）
Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. Even fewer will be____31____by the whole world,____32____the title of United Nations Messenger of Peace.
But one woman has____33____all that. She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years and made great____34____. Jane Goodall's lifelong____35____in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11, Jane____36____going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young girls didn't think of having such "wild" actions. But she was____37____by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of chances and never give up looking for a way.
When a close friend invited Jane to Kenya in 1957, she readily____38____it. Within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist（人类学家）Dr Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Jane was the ____39____person he was looking for to begin a_____40_____of wild chimps on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.
In the beginning, studying the chimps was not_____41_____for her. The animals fled from her_____42_____. With a strong_____43_____, she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimps too soon. Gradually the chimps became used to her presence.
In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using_____44_____to fish for termites（白蚁）. This discovery threw light on the popular idea at the time that man was the world's only toolmaker. The longer Jane's research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimps are very_____45_____to humans.
Since the mid-1980s, Jane has been lecturing around the world to raise people's sense about environmental protection. Let's live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love," she said.
31．A．recognized B．known C．accepted D．admitted
32．A．receiving B．giving C．enjoying D．having
33．A．done B．proved C．achieved D．faded
34．A．discoveries B．decisions C．choices D．findings
35．A．study B．interest C．sense D．dream
36．A．was fond of B．was tired of C．insisted on D．dreamed of
37．A．encouraged B．prevented C．advised D．forced
38．A．accepted B．refused C．received D．considered
39．A．only B．last C．special D．first
40．A．project B．study C．centre D．career
41．A．hard B．interesting C．easy D．convenient
42．A．in surprise B．in a hurry C．as expected D．in fear
43．A．will B．body C．desire D．mind
44．A．nets B．tools C．holes D．spoons
45．A．close B．similar C．friendly D．helpful
（2022·青海西宁·高二期末）Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his ___46___ face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese ___47___, for whom he has ___48___ for the past fifty years. Yuan Longping ___49___ what is called super hybrid rice. In 1973, he became the first ___50___ pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high ___51___. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the ___52___ in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice ___53___ in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
Born in 1930, Yuan Longping ___54___ from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life ___55___. As a young man, he saw the great need for ___56___ the rice output. At that time, hunger was a ___57___ problem in many parts of the countryside. Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without ___58___ the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce about fifty-six million tons of rice. ___59___, in a recent harvest, nearly two hundred million tons of ___60___ was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world ‘s people are ___61___ from just 7% of the farmland in the world. Yuan Longping is now ___62___ his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. ___63___ his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of ___64___. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing ___65___ twice as large as before.
46．A．sunburnt B．slight C．white D．energetic
47．A．doctors B．workers C．singers D．farmers
48．A．escaped B．stopped C．relaxed D．struggled
49．A．buys B．grows C．eats D．sells
50．A．academic B．agricultural C．industrial D．medical
51．A．price B．input C．output D．risk
52．A．crop B．wheat C．corn D．porridge
53．A．defended B．produced C．wasted D．mixed
54．A．graduated B．campaigned C．behaved D．gestured
55．A．regret B．joke C．goal D．fantasy
56．A．harming B．ignoring C．reducing D．increasing
57．A．hopeful B．disturbing C．small D．limited
58．A．preserving B．observing C．expanding D．representing
59．A．Otherwise B．Although C．Therefore D．However
60．A．fruit B．meat C．water D．rice
61．A．misunderstood B．cared C．fed D．measured
62．A．circulating B．overcoming C．forgetting D．burying
63．A．In spite of B．Thanks to C．In terms of D．Regardless of
64．A．fat B．impoliteness C．hunger D．laziness
65．A．harvests B．seeds C．roots D．earnings
（2022·云南·丽江市教育科学研究所高二期末）Gu Fangzhou was known as “the father of sugar pills” for an oral polio vaccine (骨髓灰质炎疫苗) he developed which ___66___ reduced the disease incidence rate.
Born in 1926, he faced a ___67___ time with his father’s death. In school, he was teased because his family was poor. ___68___ unfavorable conditions, he ___69___ admission at Beijing University. He ___70___ his early success to his mother’s ___71___.
In 1995, a huge ___72___of polio infected 1680 people, which resulted in 466 deaths. The government assigned Gu to lead polio research. He ___73___ his mind to invent an affordable vaccine for the ___74___ patients and to eradicate (彻底消灭) polio.
To ___75___ polio, it’s essential to ensure a cold chain for the vaccines. However, it was ___76___ to provide freezers in rural areas. The ___77___ was achieved when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills. To test the ___78___, he took the pills himself and started the human trial. He ___79___ gave the pills to his son. “If I don’t ___80___ in what my team produce, how can others ” said Gu.
After repeated testing, the pills were made. The ___81___ taste made it easy to give the pills to kids and the pills were easy to ___82___ for rural communities without ___83___. “We feel ___84___ that kids will no longer get polio,” said Gu, “That’s what we ___85___.”
66．A．slightly B．merely C．accidentally D．significantly
67．A．meaningful B．regretful C．tough D．precious
68．A．Appreciating B．Overcoming C．Analyzing D．Observing
69．A．gained B．ignored C．refused D．expected
70．A．offered B．owed C．applied D．changed
71．A．encouragement B．honesty C．kindness D．generosity
72．A．outbreak B．discovery C．research D．treatment
73．A．gave up B．came up C．made up D．cut up
74．A．rich B．healthy C．normal D．poor
75．A．recover from B．wipe out C．bring in D．insist on
76．A．exciting B．discouraging C．reasonable D．impossible
77．A．breakthrough B．chance C．confidence D．belief
78．A．smell B．cost C．taste D．effects
79．A．still B．even C．always D．never
80．A．cheat B．agree C．believe D．behave
81．A．bitter B．spicy C．sweet D．sour
82．A．produce B．process C．present D．preserve
83．A．doctors B．experts C．freezers D．nurses
84．A．shocked B．satisfied C．scared D．sufficient
85．A．hoped B．hated C．begged D．broke
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。
16．C 17．C 18．D 19．D 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦和他的前妻Marits的故事。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在同一个班级学习，对物理的相同兴趣使他们走到一起，成为了好朋友 A. pairs一对；B. couples夫妻；C. friends朋友；D. classmates同学。由空前句意“……对于在物理方面同样的兴趣使得他们两个人走到一起”以及下文“不久，他们相爱了”可知，这里是指他们成为好朋友。故选C。
17．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1903年，爱因斯坦24岁时娶了比他大4岁的Marits。A. saved拯救；B. defeated打败；C. married娶，结婚；D. blamed责备。根据后文 3 their marriage,…可知，此处指爱因斯坦娶了Marits。故选C。
18．考查介词词义辨析。句意：婚后，爱因斯坦致力于伟大相对论的研究。A. Since自从；B. For为了；C. With有；D. After在……之后。由语境可知，他们结婚以后，爱因斯坦投身于对相对论的研究。故选D。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gave给；B. offered提供；C. forced强迫；D. devoted投身于，致力于。devote oneself to sth.致力于某事，是固定搭配。故选D。
20．考查介词和动词短语词义变成。句意：为了给丈夫更多的帮助，Marits放弃了自己的工作，成为了一名好妻子和好助手。所给选项可以和空前动词give构动词短语。A. give off发出（光和热等）；B. give out发出，分发；C. give up放弃；D. give in屈服，投降。根据后文and became a good wife and…可知，Marits放弃了自己的工作，成为了丈夫的好妻子和好助手。故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cook厨师；B. mother母亲；C. friend朋友；D. assistant助手。由上文中的..her husband more help及下文可知，此处指Marits成为爱因斯坦的贤妻和助手。故选D。
22．考查连词词义辨析。句意：不管什么时候只要有可能，她都尽力去鼓励他。A. whatever无论什么；B. whenever无论何时；C. however 无论如何；D. wherever无论何地。结合句意和语境可知，此处需用whenever，表示不管何时，只要有时间，Marits 都会去鼓励爱因斯坦。故选B。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至在信中讨论问题，当他们中的一个人不在家的时候。A. even甚至；B. never从不；C. seldom几乎不；D. sometimes有时候。由上文可知他们总是一起讨论问题。此处用even表示程度进一步加深，即“他们甚至在信中也讨论问题”。故选A。
24．考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. beyond超出；B. off离开（某地）；C. out出去；D. away离开。由上文中的in their letters可知，此处是说他们其中一个不在家的时候。be away from home不在家，符合语境。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1914年，爱因斯坦一家搬到柏林定居下来。A. put放；B. settled定居，解决；C. took带走；D. sat坐。根据空前的moved to Berlin可知，爱因斯坦一家在柏林定居。settle down定居。故选B。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，他在全世界闻名。A. seemed似乎，好像；B. appeared看起来像；C. proved证明；D. looked看，看起来。由空格后的to be correct和he became famous all over the world可推知，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。故选C。
27．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：Marits为她丈夫的成功感到骄傲。A. proud of以……感到骄傲；B. praised for因……赞扬……；C. pleased with对……感到满意；D. worried about对……感到担忧。由上下文和常识来看，因为爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，所以Marits为丈夫的成功感到自豪。故选A。
28．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但不久，第一次世界大战爆发了。A. when当……时候；B. before在……之前；C. since因为；D. as当……时候。It was not long before... 为固定句式，意为“不久就……”。故选B。
29．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. figured out弄清楚，弄明白；B. worked out算出；C. turned out结果是；D. broke out战争/火灾/疾病的爆发。根据the First World War可知，战争的爆发需用动词短语broke out。故选D。
30．考查介词词义辨析。句意：Marits和她在瑞士度假的两个儿子再也回不来柏林了。A. in后接年份/月份/季节的时间词；B. at后接具体的时刻；C. on后接具体的某一天的上午，下午或晚上；D. for后接一段时间。be on holiday在度假，固定短语。故选C。
31．A 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．A 39．C 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jane Goodall的贡献以及她对黑猩猩的研究。
31．考查动词辨析。句意：更少的人会得到全世界的认可，享有联合国和平使者的头衔。A. recognized认可，承认；B. known知道，了解；C. accepted接受；D. admitted承认。根据上文的but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. 可知，此处表示很少的人得到全世界的认可。故选A。
32．考查动词辨析。句意：更少的人会得到全世界的认可，享有联合国和平使者的头衔。A. receiving接收；B. giving给；C. enjoying享有，享受；D. having有。根据the title of United Nations Messenger of Peace.可知，此处表示享有盛誉。故选C。
33．考查动词辨析。句意：但有一位女性做到了这一切。A. done做；B. proved证明；C. achieved完成，达到；D. faded逐渐消退。But前后形成对比关系，上文提到很少有人能做到的事情，此处强调Jane Goodall做到了，“被全世界认可和享有联合国和平使者的头衔”这些都是非凡的成就，是她做到了这一切。故选C。
34．考查名词辨析。句意：她和黑猩猩在非洲森林里生活了许多年，并取得了重大发现。A. discoveries发现；B. decisions决定；C. choices选择；D. findings调查结果。根据She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years可知，取得了重大发现。make great discoveries为固定短语，意为“取得重大的发现”。故选A。
35．考查名词辨析。句意：珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。A. study研究，学习；B. interest兴趣；C. sense感觉；D. dream梦想。根据下文中This was quite a strange dream in those days可知珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。故选B。
36．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在10岁或11岁的时候，简梦想着去非洲和动物们生活在一起。A. was fond of喜欢；B. was tired of对……感到厌倦；C. insisted on坚持；D. dreamed of梦想。根据This was quite a strange dream可知，Jane梦想着去非洲和动物们在一起。故选D。
37．考查动词辨析。句意：但她的母亲鼓励她追寻梦想。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prevented阻止；C. advised建议；D. forced迫使，强迫。根据下文She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of chances and never give up looking for a way.（她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法。）可知，母亲鼓励她去追寻梦想。故选A。
38．考查动词辨析。句意：1957年，一位密友邀请简去肯尼亚，她欣然接受了邀请。A. accepted接受；B. refused拒绝；C. received接收；D. considered考虑。根据下文Within a few months of her arrival可知，Jane欣然接受了朋友的邀请。故选A。
39．考查副词辨析和形容词辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月里，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·李基博士，路易斯·李基博士很快就确定了简就是他在坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖边开始对野生黑猩猩研究的特别对象。A. only仅仅；B. last最后；C. special特别的；D. first第一。根据上文内容可知，Jane一直以来的梦想在当时的人看来是奇怪的，因此路易斯·李基博士认为她是特别的人。故选C。
40．考查名词辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基博士，他很快就认定简是他要寻找的特别的人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。A. project工程；B. study研究；C. centre中心；D. career职业生涯。根据In the beginning, studying the chimps可知，此处表示开始了对黑猩猩的研究。故选B。
41．考查形容词辨析。句意：一开始，研究黑猩猩对她来说并不容易。A. hard艰难的；B. interesting有趣的；C. easy容易的；D. convenient方便的。根据The animals fled from her可知，动物们的逃离使得刚开始的研究并不容易。故选C。
42．考查介词短语辨析。句意：动物们害怕地逃离了她。A. in surprise惊奇地；B. in a hurry匆忙地；C. as expected不出所料，正如预期的；D. in fear唯恐，害怕。根据下文Gradually the chimps became used to her presence.（渐渐地，黑猩猩们习惯了她的存在。）可知，一开始由于不熟悉，黑猩猩因为害怕逃走了。故选D。
43．考查名词辨析。句意：凭着坚强的意志，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩。A. will意志力；B. body身体；C. desire渴望；D. mind思考能力，思维方式。根据she searched the forest every day可知，虽然刚开始研究并不顺利，Jane有着坚强的意志。故选A。
44．考查名词辨析。句意：1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕鱼白蚁。A. nets网，网状物；B. tools工具；C. holes洞；D. spoons勺子。根据下文中that man was the world's only toolmaker可知，设空处对应的信息词是toolmaker，tool符合语境。故选B。
45．考查形容词辨析。句意：简的研究进行得越久，黑猩猩与人类的相似之处就越明显。 A. close亲密的；B. similar相似的；C. friendly友好的；D. helpful有帮助的。根据上文In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using tools to fish for termites（1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕鱼白蚁）可知，随着研究的深入，她发现黑猩猩与人类的相似之处。故选B。
46．A 47．D 48．D 49．B 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．A 55．C 56．D 57．B 58．C 59．D 60．D 61．C 62．A 63．B 64．C 65．A
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章叙述了袁隆平的一生为了提高水稻产量奋斗的故事。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他被太阳晒黑的脸和胳膊，以及他苗条强壮的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，他为之奋斗了50年。A. sunburnt晒黑的；B. slight轻微的；C. white白色的；D. energetic精力充沛的。结合后文“just like those of millions of Chinese 2 ”袁隆平和大多数农民一样，脸和胳膊是被晒黑的。故选A项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他被太阳晒黑的脸和胳膊，以及他苗条强壮的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，他为之奋斗了50年。A. doctors医生；B. workers工人；C. singers歌手；D. farmers农民。结合前文“his 1 face and arms and his slim, strong body”可知，和农民一样。故选D项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他被太阳晒黑的脸和胳膊，以及他苗条强壮的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，他为之奋斗了50年。A. escaped逃跑；B. stopped停下；C. relaxed放松；D. struggled奋斗。结合全文以及“for the past fifty years. ”可知，袁隆平为农民们奋斗了50年。故选D项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平种植所谓的超级杂交水稻。A. buys买；B. grows种；C. eats吃；D. sells卖。结合后文“super hybrid rice”超级杂交水稻，可知水稻是袁隆平种植的。故选B项。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1973年，他成为世界上第一个种植高产水稻的农业先驱。A. academic学术的；B. agricultural农业的；C. industrial工业的；D. medical医学的。结合前文“super hybrid rice”超级杂交水稻，可知他是农业的先驱。故选B项。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1973年，他成为世界上第一个种植高产水稻的农业先驱。A. price价格；B. input投入；C. output产出；D. risk风险。结合后文“This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20%”可知，超级杂交水稻的产量很高。故选C项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的水稻品种使得在同样的田地里生产20%以上的作物成为可能。A. crop作物；B. wheat小麦；C. corn玉米；D. porridge粥。根据常识可知，水稻是一种农作物。故选A项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，中国每年生产的水稻中有60%以上来自这种杂交品种。A. defended保护；B. produced生产；C. wasted废弃；D. mixed混合。结合语境，应该是每年生产出的水稻。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平生于1930年，1953年毕业于西南农学院。A. graduated毕业；B. campaigned参加竞选；C. behaved举止得体；D. gestured做手势。根据“from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953”可知，1953年毕业于西南农学院。graduate from为固定搭配，意为“毕业于”。故选A项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，找到种植更多水稻的方法就成了他的人生目标。A. regret遗憾；B. joke玩笑；C. goal目标；D. fantasy幻想。结合“finding ways to grow more rice”，他的人生目标是找到种植更多水稻的方法。故选C项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个年轻人，他看到了增加水稻产量的巨大需要。A. harming伤害；B. ignoring忽视；C. reducing减少；D. increasing增加。结合前文“ finding ways to grow more rice ”可知增加水稻产量有很大需求。故选D项。
57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在当时，在许多地区的农村，饥饿是一个令人不安的问题。A. hopeful充满希望的；B. disturbing令人不安的；C. small小的；D. limited有限的。结合语境可知，农村地区的饥饿问题还是个令人不安的问题。故选B项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平在不扩大田地面积的情况下，寻找一种增加水稻产量的方法。A. preserving保存；B. observing观察；C. expanding扩大；D. representing表现。根据“the area of the fields.”以及常识可知，隆平在不扩大田地面积的情况下，寻找一种增加水稻产量的方法。故选C项。
59．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在最近的一次收获中，大米产量接近两亿吨。A. Otherwise否则；B. Although虽然；C. Therefore因此；D. However但是。前文“In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce about fifty-six million tons of rice.”1950年产量只有五千六百万吨。后文“nearly two hundred million tons” 接近两亿吨，为明显的转折关系。故选D项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在最近的一次收获中，水稻产量接近两亿吨。A. fruit水果；B. meat肉；C. water水；D. rice米。全文都在介绍水稻，所以这里指的是水稻产量。故选D 项。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些增加的收成意味着世界上22%的人口依靠世界上仅仅7%的耕地来获取食物。A. misunderstood被误解；B. cared 被关心；C. fed以……为食物；D. measured被衡量。结合“from just 7% of the farmland in the world”，人们是依靠粮食来获取食物。故选C项。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平现在正在印度、越南和其他许多欠发达国家传播他的知识，以增加他们的水稻收成。A. circulating传播；B. overcoming克服；C. forgetting遗忘；D. burying埋葬。结合“in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests”可知，袁隆平正在各国传播水稻种植的知识。故选A项。
63．考查介词词组辨析。句意：多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的工具。A. In spite of尽管如此；B. Thanks to多亏；C. In terms of关于；D. Regard less of不管不顾。结合“to increase their rice harvests”以及“the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of ____”可知，多亏了他的研究，才使得更多的人远离饥饿。故选B项。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的工具。A. fat肥胖；B. impoliteness不礼貌；C. hunger饥饿；D. laziness懒惰。结合全文，袁隆平种植水稻就是为了消除饥饿。故选C项。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：利用他的杂交水稻，农民的收成是以前的两倍。A. harvests收成；B. seeds种子；C. roots根；D. earnings收入。根据“ rice harvests”可知，水稻的产量提高了，收成也提高了。故选A项。
66．D 67．C 68．B 69．A 70．B 71．A 72．A 73．C 74．D 75．B 76．D 77．A 78．D 79．B 80．C 81．C 82．D 83．C 84．B 85．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了脊髓灰质炎疫苗研发者“中国糖丸之父”顾方舟的故事。
66．考查副词词义辨析。句意：顾方舟被称为“糖丸之父”，因为他开发的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗大大降低了疾病的发病率。A. slightly轻微地；B. merely仅仅；C. accidentally意外地；D. significantly显著地。根据上文“Gu Fangzhou was known as “the father of sugar pills” for an oral polio vaccine”以及常识可知，顾方舟研发的服脊髓灰质炎疫苗大大降低了疾病的发病率。故选D。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1926年出生的他面临着父亲去世的艰难时期。A. meaningful有意义的；B. regretful遗憾的；C. tough艰难的；D. precious珍贵的。根据下文“with his father’s death”可知，因为父亲的去世，他面临着艰难的生活。故选C。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克服不利条件，他被北京大学录取。A. Appreciating欣赏；B. Overcoming克服；C. Analyzing分析；D. Observing观察。根据空后“admission at Beijing University”可知，虽然顾方舟的生活艰难，但是他克服了不利的条件，被北京大学录取了。故选B。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克服不利条件，他被北京大学录取。A. gained获得；B. ignored忽略；C. refused拒绝；D. expected预期。根据上文“admission at Beijing University”可知，他克服了不利的条件，被获得了北京大学的录取。故选A。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把早期的成功归功于母亲的鼓励。A. offered预定；B. owed归功于；C. applied申请；D. changed变更。根据句中“his early success to his mother’s”可知，顾方舟把早期的成功归功于母亲的鼓励。owe…to“把……归功于”。故选B。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把早期的成功归功于母亲的鼓励。A. encouragement鼓励；B. honesty诚实；C. kindness善良；D. generosity慷慨。根据句中“his early success to his mother’s”可知，他把早期的成功归功于母亲的鼓励。故选A。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1995年，大规模爆发的脊髓灰质炎感染了1680人，导致466人死亡。A. outbreak爆发；B. discovery发现；C. research研究；D. treatment治疗。根据下文“which resulted in 466 deaths”可知，在1995年，大规模爆发的脊髓灰质炎，造成了1680人感染，466人死亡。故选A。
73．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他决心为贫困患者发明一种负担得起的疫苗，并根除脊髓灰质炎。A. gave up放弃；B. came up出现；C. made up化妆；D. cut up切碎。根据上文“The government assigned Gu to lead polio research.”可知，政府指派顾方舟领导脊髓灰质炎的研究，所以他下决心为贫困患者发明一种负担得起的疫苗。make up one’s mind to do sth.“下定决心做某事”。故选C。
74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他决心为贫困患者发明一种负担得起的疫苗，并根除脊髓灰质炎。A. rich富有的；B. healthy健康的；C. normal正常的；D. poor贫穷。根据下文“in rural areas”可知，他下决心为贫困的患者发明一种负担得起的疫苗。故选D。
75．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了消灭脊髓灰质炎，必须确保疫苗冷链。A. recover from从……中恢复；B. wipe out消灭；C. bring in引入；D.坚持insist on。根据上文“eradicate (彻底消灭) polio”可知，为了消灭脊髓灰质炎，就必须确保疫苗的在冷链中保存。故选B。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在农村地区不可能提供冰柜。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. discouraging令人沮丧的；C. reasonable合理的；D. impossible不可能的。根据下文“in rural areas”可知，当时在农村地区提供冰柜是不可能的。故选D。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一突破是在顾成功研制出糖衣丸之后实现的。A. breakthrough突破；B. chance机会；C. confidence信心；D. belief信念。根据下文“when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills”可知，因为农村地区不可能提供冰柜，所以顾方舟研制出了糖衣丸，突破了这一缺陷。故选A。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了测试效果，他自己服用了这些药片并开始了人体试验。A. smell气味；B. cost成本；C. taste味道；D. effects效果。根据下文“he took the pills himself and started the human trial”可知，疫苗研制出来后，要测试效果，所以他在自己的身上先开始了人体实验。故选D。
79．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他甚至把药给了儿子。A. still仍然；B. even甚至；C. always始终；D. never从不。根据空后“gave the pills to his son”可知，除了在自己身上测试疫苗，他甚至把药给了他的儿子。故选B。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果我不相信我的团队所做的，其他人怎么能相信？”顾说。A. cheat欺骗；B. agree同意；C. believe相信；D. behave表现。根据下文“how can others？”可知，顾方舟选择相信他的团队研制的疫苗，这样别人也会相信他们。故选C。
81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：甜味让孩子们很容易去吃这些药，而且这些药在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。A. bitter苦的；B. spicy辣的；C. sweet甜的；D. sour酸的。根据空后“made it easy to give the pills to kids”以及常识可知，糖丸是甜的，所以很容易让孩子们吃下这些药。故选C。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：甜味让孩子们很容易吃到这些药，而且这些药在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。A. produce生产；B. process加工；C. present呈现；D. preserve保存。根据上文“The 12 was achieved when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills.”可知，为了解决农村地区没有冰柜的问题，顾方舟研发了糖丸。这样就不需要把它放到冷柜中了。由此可知，这些药在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。故选D。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：甜味让孩子们很容易吃到这些药片，而且这些药片在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。A. doctors医生；B. experts专家；C. freezers冰柜；D. nurses护士。根据上文“The 12 was achieved when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills.”可知，为了解决农村地区没有冰柜的问题，顾方舟研发了糖丸。这样就不需要把它放到冰柜中。由此可知，这些药在没有冰柜的农村社区很容易保存。故选C。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：顾说：“我们对孩子们不再得小儿麻痹症感到满意，这是我们所希望的。”A. shocked震惊的；B. satisfied满意的；C. scared害怕的；D. sufficient足够的。根据空后“that kids will no longer get polio”可知，他们对孩子们不再得小儿麻痹症感到满意。故选B。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾说：“我们对孩子们不再得小儿麻痹症感到满意，这是我们所希望的。”A. hoped希望；B. hated憎恨；C. begged乞求；D. begged破产。根据上文“He 8 his mind to invent an affordable vaccine for the 9 patients and to eradicate (彻底消灭) polio.”可知，不再让孩子们的小儿麻痹症，这正是他们所希望的。故选A。