河南省南阳市重点学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（含答案）

南阳重点中学2024年春期高二开学考试
英语试题
一、阅读理解（共19小题；每小题2.5分，满分47.5分）
A
Wales is home to some of the UK’s most beautiful drives. Narrow lanes crisscross the land, meaning travel can be slow-but there’s no need to rush.
The Coastal Way
This route covers the entire length of Cardigan Bay, and spoils travelers with its remote beaches and charming seaside towns.
Comb the sand for fossils, shells at Aberdaron Beach, and then hit the road, heading east toward Porthmadog. Here you can take a heritage steam train, a relic of the region’s mining history, to give Snowdonia’s skyline your undivided attention.
The Cambrian Way
The Cambrian Way, which cuts north to south through the heart of Wales, is a fantastic place, thanks to its patchwork fields, dense forests and rolling, sheep-dotted hills.
The route becomes increasingly wild and rough as it weaves north into Powys. Spend the night in Rhayader, and you’ll need plenty of energy for hiking or mountain biking along the trails.
The North Wales Way
Spanning Wales’ short but scenic north coast, this route offers road trippers a chance to encounter Welsh history, language and culture in a splendid setting.
Head west through the uncrowded Clwydian Hills until you reach Ruthin, a little town brimming with history, where you can see its restored castle, century spanning museum and Victorian Ruthin Gaol.
Border Country
Tracing the dotted line that separates England and Wales on a map, this border-hugging route will take you to some of Wales’ most underrated sites slowly, if you stick to the narrow back roads.
Starting in the border town of Chepstow in Southeast Wales, make your way northward. You can stop to admire the roofless ruins of Tintern Abbey and the lesser-known castles Skenfrith and Grosmont.
1. Which route best suits people who enjoy mountain scenery
A. The Coastal Way. B. The Cambrian Way.
C. The North Wales Way. D. Border Country.
2. What is special about The North Wales Way
A. It enables travelers to visit a castle.
B. It is an area of scenic beauty.
C. It offers a glimpse into Welsh culture.
D. It is a crowd-free escape from big cities.
3. What is the purpose of the article
A. To introduce road trips in Wales.
B. To introduce the Welsh landscape.
C. To tell about Wales’ history.
D. To advertise Wales’ tourism industry.
B
A 293-million-mile journey of the NASA Perseverance rover (探测器) to Mars ended successfully on February 18th,2021, with a picture-perfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car-sized, six-wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy, is the US space agency’s biggest and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial (微生物的) life on Mars.
Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet’s gravitational (引力的) pull causes approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere-just one percent that of Earth’s-does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.
The scientists had to reduce Percy’s 12,000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph - in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be a precise 12 degrees - any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the “seven minutes of terror”.
Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the perfect landing spot. Its complex map-reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location.
The NASA scientists will spend the next two months testing Percy’s scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover will begin to carry out its mission.
“Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof,” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division. “While we’ll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well-equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples carry evidence that Mars once harbored life.”
4. What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars
A. The speed reduction. B. The atmosphere analysis.
C. The location search. D. The time management.
5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Ways to find the precise entry angle.
B. Consequences of wrong entry degree.
C. Factors to survive “the seven minutes”.
D. Reasons for the necessity of speed reducing.
6. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. The space. B. The area.
C. The system. D. The surface.
7. What can be inferred from Lori Glaze’s words
A. Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable.
B. Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed.
C. Man still has a long way to go to prove there was life on Mars.
D. Samples of Mars will be returned soon to the labs on the Earth.
C
Elon Musk isn’t content with electric cars, shooting people into orbit and populating Mars. He also wants to get inside your brain.
His goal is to develop devices that can provide treatment to neural (神经的) diseases-and that may one day be powerful enough to put humanity on an equal footing with possible future super intelligent computers.
Not that it’s anywhere close to that yet.
In a video Friday obviously aimed at seeking new employees, Musk showed off the second version of the Neuralink, a device about the size of a large coin. It’s designed to be put in a person’s head. An earlier version of the device has to be placed behind an ear like a huge hearing aid.
But the young company is far from having a commercial product, which would involve complex human trials and governmental approval. Friday’s video showed three pigs. One, named Gertrude, had a Neuralink device in its brain.
Musk, a founder of both the electric car company Tesla Motors and the space-exploration firm SpaceX, has always been worried about that smarter AI machines will outwit humans. His solution Link our brains to computers so we can keep up with or even win over them in intelligence!
Musk urged coders (程序员), engineers and especially people who have actually created a product to apply. “You don’t need to have brain experience,” he said, adding that this is something that can be learned on the job.
Connecting a brain up directly to electronics is not new. Doctors have already put similar devices in brains to treat such conditions as Parkinson’s disease. In 2016, researchers reported that a man regained some movement in his own hand with a similar brain implant. But Musk’s proposal goes beyond this. Neuralink wants to build on those existing medical treatments and work on devices that could link our brains to computers one day.
8. What can we learn about the first version of the Neuralink
A. It is smaller than a hearing aid.
B. It can be put in a person’s head.
C. It has to be placed behind the ear.
D. It is already available at the market.
9. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “outwit” in paragraph 6
A. copy B. defeat C. understand D. destroy
10. What kind of candidates does Elon Musk particularly want
A. Someone who also wants to create the same device.
B. Doctors who already know how to treat brain diseases.
C. People who have already designed some unique product.
D. Engineers who are good at linking brains to computers.
11. Where is this text likely from
A. An advertisement. B. A test report.
C. A science fiction novel. D. A news report.
D
On the “healthy” section of any breakfast menu, you’re bound to spot an egg white omelet (煎蛋卷). With no fat and just a quarter of the calories in a whole egg, the whites look like the best choice at first glance. Not so fast, though new research shows a good reason why you might want to keep the yolk (蛋黄) in if you want to get fit. Plus, forget the bad impression that the cholesterol (胆固醇) in yolks has gotten in the past. The USDA removed limits on dietary cholesterol in its most recent dietary guidelines. It’s all because evidence doesn’t back up claims that the cholesterol you eat has much influence on blood cholesterol levels.
In a recent study, researchers had ten young men eat either whole eggs or egg whites after completing a strength-training workout. Both egg choices contained 18 grams of protein, and the eggs were developed with chemical markers. Thanks to them, the researchers tracked how the men’s bodies used amino acids (氨基酸) from the eggs and egg whites, and found some surprising results. About 65 to 70 percent of amino acids were available in the blood for both the whole egg and egg white groups, suggesting they’d be equally useful in building muscles. But the rest of the results didn’t back up that conclusion.
When the researchers looked specifically at how much protein synthesis-the process that helps muscles repair and grow-occurred, one form of egg clearly did better than the other. “Having whole eggs immediately after exercise resulted in greater protein synthesis than just having egg whites,” says lead study author Nicholas Bur d in a statement.
Although this study was too small to be conclusive, its conclusion backs up whole egg benefits that nutritionists have been praising for years. From their point of view egg whites are high-protein, low-calorie, but the yolk contains nearly all of an egg’s vitamins. And one study found that adults who eat whole eggs in the morning lose more weight and body fat than those who get the same number of calories from a bread-based breakfast. While no large studies have looked into the weight-loss benefits of whole eggs vs egg whites, there’s also no evidence that the 140 calories in two whole large eggs should scare you away. Crack on, egg lovers.
12. What’s implied in paragraph 1
A. The whites can help people have a good shape.
B. The yolk’s function is different from the whites.
C. People tend to consider the yolk to be unhealthy.
D. The yolk has much to do with blood cholesterol levels.
13. Why were the eggs developed with chemical markers
A. To help process the proteins better.
B. To make them healthier for people.
C. To track the amino acids during digestion
D. To help the body consume amino acids.
14. What do the findings of the recent study mainly show
A. Amino acids are easy to get in eggs.
B. Eating the whole egg helps build muscles.
C. The yolk of the egg is better than the white.
D. Eggs can produce more proteins than any other kinds of food.
15. What would be the best title for the text
A. Egg Whites VS Whole Eggs
B. Egg White Omelets or Just the Yolk
C. The Correct Way to Build Muscles
D. Unknown Facts about Egg White Omelets
E
The specific cultural values of a country may determine whether concern about environmental issues actually leads individuals to engage in environmentally friendly behaviors, according to research published in Psychological Science.
Kimin Eom, a psychological scientist of the University of California, Sant a Barbara, was inspired to investigate the links between culture, environmental concern, and environmental action after noticing that both public discussion and academic research on environmental behavior typically focus on people from Western countries. It is worth noticing because Western countries tend to have cultural values that prioritize individuals’ own attitudes and beliefs and encourage expression of them.
“The theory seemed to be that once individuals are led to believe in the urgency of environmental issues and have stronger concerns about sustainability (持续性), they will change and act to address the issues,”explains Eom. But this relationship might not hold for individuals living in more collectivistic (集体主义的) societies, which place more emphasis on social harmony and uniformity than on self-expression, Eom and his team assumed.
To examine what drives environmental action in individualistic and collectivistic cultures, the researchers conducted a study with participants from the United States (an individualistic culture) and Japan (a collectivistic culture). They found environmental concern was closely connected with environmental behavior - in this case, choosing environmentally friendly products- but only among American participants. On the other hand, believing that a large percentage of people engage in environmentally friendly behaviors was associated with making eco-friendly choices among Japanese participants, but not American participants.
The findings suggest that personal concerns are more likely to motivate people to take environmental action if they live in individualistic countries, while social norms (准则) are more likely to drive people to engage in environmentally friendly behavior if they live in collectivistic countries.
“Getting citizens actively engaged is critical to addressing urgent social challenges, such as climate change,” says Eom. “Our research suggests that scientists, policymakers, and activists need to understand how culture shapes the psychological factors of action to develop policies, campaigns, and interventions that address important social issues.”
16. What does Eom find about previous research on environmental behavior
A. Its study participants are too limited.
B. Its results need a while to be achieved.
C. It prioritizes individuals’ attitudes and beliefs.
D. It draws much evidence from public discussion.
17. Under which condition will a Japanese man most likely take environmental action
A. If he sees many others do so.
B. If he is affected by collectivistic values.
C. If he moves to an individualistic country.
D. If he worries about the environment personally.
18. What does Eom say about their research in the last paragraph
A. It fails to take participants’ psychological factors into account.
B. It encourages scientists and policymakers to make joint efforts.
C. It has a further study direction towards urgent social challenges.
D. It provides insights into promoting public engagement in social issues.
19. What is the best title for the text
A. Social Norms Play a Part in Addressing Pollution
B. Environmental Issues Originate from National Cultures
C. Motivating Eco-Friendly Behaviors Depends on Cultural Values
D. More Environmental Concerns Usually Mean More Green Action
二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
The next time you’re at an airport or hotel, you might notice a traveling group that consists of young kids, parents, and grandparents vacationing together. 20 But more and more, families tend to bring multiple generations with them.
21 In larger groups, for example, child-care responsibilities can be shared acrossfamily members, allowing parents to take a break. But the real value of these trips might be how they give relatives an opportunity to freshen their perception of the people they’ve known for perhaps their entire life. Travel can take us out of our familiar contexts and offer people a chance to see one another differently.
The shift toward multigenerational travel has a few explanations. For one, grandparents today stay health y later in life, allowing them more energy for travel. 22 Plus, the average U. S. household has become more multigenerational. Americans are not just traveling with grandparents in order to spend time with them, they are traveling with them because they are more likely to live with them in the first place. 23 Americans are taking fewer vacation days than they did in the 1970s. They might want to make the most of that time by including as many people as possible.
Whatever the reason for its popularity, a multigenerational trip can be a rare time when younger and older generations can glimpse the complex people they have each become. Away from the family home, older generations get to see their adult children as responsible parents. Kids get to see their grandparents encounter a new environment. 24
A. Another explanation is time pressure.
B. The benefits of multigenerational trips are numerous.
C. Decades ago, only wealthy families vacationed together.
D. A scene like this would have been rare a few decades ago.
E. Multigenerational family travel tops the list of travel trends.
F. Everyone gets to break out of their family roles and figure out how to be together.
G. Also, big-group accommodation has become more affordable through online platforms.
三、完形填空（两篇共30小题；每小题1分，满分30分）
(一)
I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and presented it to the innkeeper. “You can’t go there,” the innkeeper 1 me. “The viewing platform has been closed due to 2 that too many visitors could cause geological damage.”
Despite our disappointment, we 3 an alternative: a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest”. Initially, we were 4 to run the risk. However, I had 5 the tourism motto in the nature reserve: “If you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.” Three of our group 6 decided to venture into the forest. The innkeeper responded with a knowing 7 : “Great. Bear Grylls went there.”
The next morning, we set off with a local 8 . Rain came and went three times, and before I actually 9 to climb over the first mountain, I had already got wet to the skin. I was a walking 10 of mu d and water.
Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist, introducing the locally specific plants to us, but I was hardly in the 11 . Every step sank into the muddy, sucking ground. Every log or rock in front of us was a physical 12 . “One can never reach those places without strong willpower,” I murmured, reciting that milleninium-old 13 , over and over again.
Sinkholes and entrances to underground rivers kept popping up along our 14 . Thinking of them leading to an unknown world, I began to 15 the road that I can control even more.
Wandering in a green chaos without any obvious landmarks is also breathtaking.
1. A. answered B. told C. followed D. favored
2. A. news B. matters C. concerns D. conclusions
3. A. worked out B. took in C. set down D. ruled out
4. A. unwilling B. surprised C. calm D. inspired
5. A. forgotten B. promoted C. interpreted D. noticed
6. A. shortly B. lately C. eventually D. suddenly
7. A. taste B. tone C. smile D. sigh
8. A. botanist B. keeper C. farmer D. guide
9. A. managed B. decided C. planned D. agreed
10. A. visitor B. mixture C. log D. stranger
11. A. eagerness B. mood C. humor D. pity
12. A. contact B. energy C. activity D. challenge
13. A. prediction B. line C. deal D. secret
14. A. route B. landmark C. platform D. rock
15. A. guarantee B. ignore C. doubt D. appreciate
(二)
I’ll always remember a lesson that I learned as a boy growing up in New York City. One day, when I was perhaps six years old, I was walking with my father on a 16 street. All of a sudden, the flow of pedestrian traffic came to a stop as people tried to 17 a large object on the sidewalk. To my astonishment, the object 18 to be a human being, a man lying unconscious against a building. As we walked by, my father - the model of a loving, 19 gentleman-pointed to a bottle in a paper bag and told me that the poor soul on the sidewalk just needed to sleep it off. Then the drunken man began to murmur senselessly. My father 20 me not to go near, saying “you never know how he’ll react.”
Yet many years later I had a very different experience while visiting a market in Rangoon. I had spent the previous 12 months traveling in 21 Asian cities, but even by those standards this was a scene of misery (穷困). 22 desperate poverty and strong winds blowing dust 23 , the locals had to live in the extremely hot climate with ridiculously huge crowds. 24 a man carrying a huge bag of peanuts called out in pain and 25 to the ground. I then witnessed an astonishing scene. Half a dozen 26 ran from their stands to help, leaving unattended what might have been the totality of their possessions. One put a blanket under the man’s head; another opened his shirt; the third one 27 him carefully about the pain; the fourth one 28 water; the fifth one kept onlookers from crowding around too closely; the sixth one ran for help. Within minutes a doctor arrived and two other locals joined in to assist. The 29 could have passed for a final exam at a nursing school.
I couldn’t help wondering, why people act 30 at the similar situation here
16. A. silent B. crowded C. new D. remote
17. A. avoid B. identify C. observe D. approach
18. A. broke out B. stood up C. turned out D. grew up
19. A. strong B. caring C. honest D. indifferent
20. A. forced B. persuaded C. warned D. allowed
21. A. poor B. wealthy C. fashionable D. dangerous
22. A. Instead of B. In spite of C. In case of D. In addition to
23. A. everywhere B. nowhere C. somewhere D. anywhere
24. A. Gradually B. Absolutely C. Immediately D. Suddenly
25. A. fell B. jumped C. rolled D. marched
26. A. beggars B. judges C. sellers D. customers
27. A. doubted B. named C. explained D. questioned
28. A. drank B. saved C. removed D. fetched
29. A. doctor B. onlookers C. performance D. discovery
30. A. confidently B. differently C. independently D. cautiously
四、单选（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
1. Behind last year’s Zibo’s sudden fame ______ the efforts and services of the local government, as well as a good reputation of local businesses.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
2. The exhibit also includes an interactive, immersive unit ______ visitors may click a mouse to change digital versions of the artwork.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
3. Many stores make cloth shoes using machines, but Qiang sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely ______ hand.
A. with B. in C. by D. at
4. ______ many difficulties in the US, Qian eventually returned to China in 1955.
A. To overcome B. Having overcome C. Overcoming D. Overcome
5. She noted that cultural integration has always been a proposition (主张) of the Maltese government, and ______ cooperation between the two sides should be based on equality.
A. the B. what C. which D. that
6. Celadon (青瓷) produced in Longquan, Zhejiang province, a technique passed down for more than 1,600 years, ______ a typical example of craftsmen’s pursuit of the perfect green glint (闪耀).
A. are B. being C. were D. is
7. Folk tunes and lyrics in his regional dialect were ______ made singer-song writer Zhang Gasong’s music stand out.
A. what B. that C. how D. where
8. Zhang has recorded and learned music from folk musicians he met while travelling, as ______ means to preserve endangered folk music styles.
A. the B. these C. a D. those
9. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ______ for everyone.
A. is intended B. having intended C. which intended D. intended
10. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ______ saving their environment.
A. for B. as C. in D. of
五、U10单句填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
11. ______ (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.
12. So on behalf of the villagers’ benefit, the local government has decided to call for an end to the factories’ ______ (legal) behaviors.
13. With a new teaching approach ______ (adopt), the students are becoming more and more interested in their study.
14. Suffering severe backache, he was far from ______ (impress) in his semi-final against Federer.
15. Some of the most ______ (frequent) asked questions have provoked heated discussion among the netizens.
16. The study ______ (investigate) the impact of violent TV programming on children over the last two years.
17. Despite difficulties he still made a resolution ______ (proceed) with environmental causes.
18. He ______ (freeze) with terror, totally at a loss what he would do next.
19. ______ (appeal) to the referee does not often result in a decision being changed.
20. Government ______ (intervene) to regulate prices aims to lessen the destructive effects of economic depression.
六、U11单句填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
21. I am writing to make an apology for any ______ (不便) caused by my children.
22. She felt ______ (羞愧) of making a mess in the bathroom.
23. I have no choice but to make ______ (投诉) about the salesman’s rude behavior.
24. She made a New Year’s ______ (resolve) to study even harder in the coming year.
25. His sudden ______ (depart) threw the office into chaos.
26. The public demanded that the troops ______ (撤离，退出) from the region.
27. The charity is busy d______ (分发，分配) food to the earthquake victims.
28. We can draw a ______ (conclude) from the statistics that homelessness is on the increase.
29. There is no denying that working out regularly is ______ (benefit) to us.
30. Fortunately, the kid made a full ______ (康复) after the operation.
七、U12单句填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
31. He proposed that a fund ______ (establish) to raise money.
32. The economy has shown significant ______ (improve) over the pa st 9 months.
33. The number of tourists to the resort declined ______ 10% last year.
34. I have a good command of English with a high level of ______ (accurate).
35. Tu Youyou has devoted her entire life to ______ (science) research into artemisinin.
36. ______ (instant) Mo Yan stepped onto the stage, the audience burst into thunderous applause.
37. On hearing the news, he ______ (overcome) with delight.
38. Children are advised to drink as much ______ (boil) water as possible, which is favorable to their health.
39. Mozart, an internationally recognized musician, has a gift ______ composition.
40. Tickets are ______ (availability) free of charge from the school.
参考答案
一、阅读理解
A 篇 1-3 BCA B 篇 4-7 ACBC C 篇 8-11 CBCD
D 篇 12-15 CCBA E 篇 16-19 AADC
二、七选五
20-24 DBGAF
三、完形填空
（一） 1-5 BCAAD 6-10 CCDAB 11-15 BDBAD
（二） 16-20 BACBC 21-25 ADADA 26-30 CDDCB
四、单选
1-5 CBCBD 6-10 DACDA
五、U10单句填空
11. Interruptions 12. illegal 13. adopted 14. impressive 15. frequently
16. has investigated/been investigating 17. to proceed 18. froze/was frozen 19. Appealing 20. intervention
六、U11单句填空
21. inconvenience 22. ashamed plaints 24. resolution 25. departure
26. (should) withdraw/ be withdrawn 27. distributing 28. conclusion 29. beneficial 30. recovery
七、U12单句填空
31. (should) be established 32. improvement(s) 33. by 34. accuracy 35. scientific
36. Instantly 37. was overcome 38. boiled 39. for 40. available