13新发明与创造-中考英语时文阅读练习（含答案解析）

中考英语热点时文阅读
13新发明与创造
题型 主要内容
1 完形填空 讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。
2 阅读理解 介绍久坐对身体有害，因此两条腿的椅子被发明出来，为了鼓励人们改变不好的习惯。
3 阅读理解 介绍了一种名叫TTTV的电视，这个机器包括屏幕和盛调料的容器，人们可以通过舔屏幕而尝到来自世界各地食物的味道。
4 阅读理解 介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦，挖掘中医宝藏，发现青蒿素的过程。青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生病。
5 短文填空 讲述了清华大学学生柳济琛开发了一个叫做“光盘打卡”微信小程序，来帮助减少粮食浪费。
01
In ancient times, the Four Great Inventions in China had a great influence on the whole world. In recent years, China once again has ____1_____ its ability to change the world with its “four great new inventions”: high-speed railways, mobile payment, bike-sharing and online shopping.
Do you know ____2_____ the new inventions can appear in China The “four great new inventions” are ____3_____ related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新). For example, the operating mode of bike-sharing is based ____4_____ the satellite navigation system (卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. This shows that China’s high-tech innovation has greatly ____5_____ the quality of people’s lives.
China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amount of ____6_____ that China has spent encouraging innovation. China is beginning to ____7_____ in innovation in some ways.
“The ‘four great new inventions’ have surely improved customer experience, and helped national and global(全球的) economy ____8_____ at the same time,” said Charlie Dai, principal analyst (首席分析师) of an American market research company.
As a whole, all the Chinese are ____9_____ of their four new inventions. It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas. More and more foreigners ____10_____ to promote (促进) economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation.
1．A．seemed B．appeared C．looked D．showed
2．A．when B．what C．why D．where
3．A．all B．both C．neither D．none
4．A．in B．on C．to D．from
5．A．improved B．finished C．invented D．wasted
6．A．people B．water C．electricity D．money
7．A．try B．lead C．win D．value
8．A．develop B．warn C．mean D．live
9．A．proud B．tired C．bored D．satisfied
10．A．afford B．repeat C．hope D．wait
02
Sitting for longer than four hours a day increases a person’s chance of suffering（患）illness.
Benoit Maltaone, a designer （设计者） from France, discovered that office workers spent about 70 percent of the day sitting down. To solve the problem caused by it in modern working life, he came up with a great idea— the two-legged chair, which is to encourage the user to move at his or her desk.
The chair just has two legs and needs the user to balance （平衡） it. Although it looks dangerous, it can stop people from felling while using it. But the chair is a little uncomfortable, as the user has to keep it balanced. It is also good for other parts of the body, just like an exercise ball（姿势）.
_________ Most people don’t get much exercise during the day. People watch a lot of TV and work on computers. Many people suffer from spine （脊椎） panies are coming up with new products in our houses to make our lives easier. But trying to offer people an easier life causes lots of health problems.
According to Benoit, the design is not about making money in the furniture （家具） market. It is to provide a product which tries to encourage people to move their whole body. The practice of this special chair can make people change their bad habits. It will encourage people to try to be more active.
11．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．The two-legged chair. B．Moving at his or her desk.
C．Sitting for too long. D．The great idea.
12．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ________” in Paragraph 4.
A．Sitting long is so common now. B．Doing sports is so popular now.
C．Working environment is so hard now. D．Keeping healthy is so cool now.
13．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To tell people how to keep away from sitting too long.
B．To tell people how to stay away from health problems.
C．To explain why people suffer from illness now.
D．To show a two-legged chair designed to make people healthier.
03
There are many TV cook shows where you wish you could reach through your screen and taste the delicious recipes yourself.
Now, Japanese scientists have taken a huge step towards making that a reality, with the development of a lickable TV screen.
The device is called Taste the TV (TTTV) and contains 10 taste cans that can spray taste samples onto the surface of the screen. The different tastes in the cans can then mix to create tastes similar to those being shown on screen, for example, coffee or pizza.
It is an experimental technology, produced by Meiji University in Tokyo, Japan, with its developers expecting a commercial version to cost about 650.
Japanese professor Miyashita and 30 students have developed all kinds of taste types. In his version the 10 taste cans spray a mixture of samples on to a roll of hygienic (卫生的) film that is placed over a flat TV-screen.
“During the COVID-19, this kind of technology can improve the way people connect and communicate with the outside world,” said Miyashita.
“The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world, even while at home,” he said.
Miyashita has also been in talks with companies about using his spray technology for applications like a device that can apply a pizza or chocolate taste to a piece of toasted bread.
14．The passage tells us the invention of _________.
A．tasty cans B．TV cook shows
C．a film technology D．a lickable TV screen
15．Paragraph 3 talks about_________.
A．what the device includes B．how the device works
C．what the device is called D．why the device is invented
16．The writer uses what Miyashita says to express the _________ of the invention.
A．ways B．purpose C．conditions D．importance
17．From the passage, we know that the device is _________.
A．widely used now B．popular with the Japanese
C．still in experiment D．liked by restaurant owners
04
Malaria (疟疾) has been a deadly problem for humans since ancient times. Usually, people get malaria when infected mosquitoes bite them. Countless people have died from it. Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found an effective drug called qinghaosu (青蒿素).
This year marks the 50th anniversary of Tu’s discovery. In 1969, Tu became the director of a national project to develop a drug against malaria. Her team took a unique approach. They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine. After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malaria.
One remedy, which is 1, 600 years old, uses the sweet wormwood (青蒿) plant to treat malaria. Tu found it effective and tried to extract (提取) the qinghaosu from it in order to make drugs. The extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way. She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in 1972.
After her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys, Tu and two of her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on themselves before testing on human patients. It turned out that qinghaosu was safe. All patients in the tests recovered. Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), saving millions of lives in China and other countries throughout the world.
In 2015, when Tu was awarded with the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, she refused to take all of the credit (荣誉). Instead, she praised her colleagues and Chinese traditional medicine. She once proudly said, “Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”
18．According to the passage, to find an effective drug called qinghaosu is ________.
A．impossible B．uneasy C．unexpected D．complicated
19．What do we know about the “qinghaosu”
A．It is extracted from the sweet wormwood plant at room-temperature. B．TuYouyou and her team spent three years finding it out.
C．Tu and all her teammates volunteered to test it on themselves. D．It has saved millions of lives around the world.
20．The underlined word “approach” in paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A．idea B．way C．discussion D．drug
21．We can find that Tu Youyou ________.
A．took all the credit by herself B．did a lot and never gave up
C．succeeded in curing malaria by accident D．won the Nobel Prize shortly after the success
22．We can infer that the writer’s writing purpose is to ________.
A．praise traditional solution in China B．encourage young people to learn medicine
C．show how the qinghaosu treats malaria D．make Chinese old remedies more popular
05
Liu Jichen, a student from Tsinghua University, has developed a WeChat mini-program called “Clear Plate”. ___231____ a meal, users can open the mini-program and take a photo of their ___241____ plates. Once the image is checked by the AI, users can collect points and use them to buy gifts or meals for children in poor ___251____.
“Technology is a good way to ___261____ the problem of food waste,” Liu thought. He organised a team of twenty members to work on the project. In order to improve the mini-program, the team ___271____ half a year collecting over 100,000 photos in school dining halls and restaurants. In 2018, the mini-program was put into use. Soon, it became one of ___281____ most popular mini-programs in universities across China.
Meanwhile, Liu and his team, together ___291____ other organizations, started the “Clear Your Plate” campaign in November in the third year of his university. Almost 1.6 million college students were attracted and food waste was ___301____ by 862 tons. “Through the campaign, we hope to encourage ___311____ to take action against food waste,” he said.
Thanks to his great efforts, Liu stood out _____321____ more than 7,600 people around the world and was rewarded one of the Young Leaders for the SDGs （可持续发展目标） by the UN.
参考答案
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文主要讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。
1．句意：最近这些年，中国又一次用“新四大发明”展示了改变世界的能力：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。
seemed似乎；appeared出现；looked看；showed展示。根据“China once again has…its ability”可知，向世界展示它的能力，故选D。
2．句意：你知道为什么新发明能出现在中国吗？
when什么时候；what什么；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“ The ‘four great new inventions’are…related to China’s high-tech innovation”可知，本句话解释新四大发明出现的原因，故选C。
3．句意：“新四大发明”都与中国新科技的创新有关。
all全部，表示三者及以上；both全都，表示两者之间；neither两个都不；none全都不。空格处表示都有关，四个大于三，故选A。
4．句意：例如，共享单车的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等高科技。
in在……里；on在……上；to到；from从。base on“基于”，固定搭配，故选B。
5．句意：这展示了中国的高科技创新已经极大地提高了人们生活质量。
improved提高；finished完成；invented发明；wasted浪费。根据“China’s high-tech innovation has greatly … the quality of people’s lives”可知，这些发明极大地提高了人们的生活水平，故选A。
6．句意：中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代，由于中国在鼓励创新上已经花费了大量的金钱。
people人；water水；electricity电；money钱。空格处为that引导的定语从句，空格处的单词作spend的宾语，中国在鼓励创新上，花费了大量的金钱，故选D。
7．句意：中国将会在一些方面开始引领创新。
try尝试；lead引导；win赢；value价值。根据“China is beginning to … in innovation in some ways”可知，中国将引领创新，故选B。
8．句意：一家美国市场研究公司的首席分析师戴查理说：“新四大发明确实提高了客户体验，同时也帮助了国家和全球经济发展。”
develop发展；warn警告；mean意味着；live居住。根据“helped national and global(全球的) economy”可知，此处指帮助经济发展，故选A。
9．句意：作为整体，所有的中国人以他们新四大发明而自豪。
proud自豪的；tired劳累的；bored无聊的；satisfied满意的。根据“all the Chinese are…of their four new inventions”可知，中国人都以这几个发明而自豪，故选A。
10．句意：越来越多的外国人希望通过学习中国的创新来促进自己国家的经济发展。
afford支付得起；repeat重复；hope希望；wait等待。根据“promote (促进) economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation”可知，他们希望能够促进自己国家的经济发展，故选C。
11．C 12．A 13．D
【导语】本文介绍久坐对身体有害，因此两条腿的椅子被发明出来，为了鼓励人们改变不好的习惯。
11．词义推断题。根据“Benoit Maltaone, a designer （设计者） from France, discovered that office workers spent about 70 percent of the day sitting down.”可知it指代这句话中人们久坐的问题。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据“Most people don’t get much exercise during the day. People watch a lot of TV and work on computers.”可知本段介绍人们久坐这一现象，A选项“久坐很普遍现在”符合。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据“To solve the problem caused by it in modern working life, he came up with a great idea— the two-legged chair, which is to encourage the user to move at his or her desk.”和全文可知本文主要介绍两条腿椅子的发明，为了让人们改掉久坐的坏习惯。故选D。
14．D 15．B 16．B 17．C
【导语】本文介绍了一种名叫TTTV的电视，这个机器包括屏幕和盛调料的容器，人们可以通过舔屏幕而尝到来自世界各地食物的味道。
14．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, Japanese scientists have taken a huge step towards making that a reality, with the development of a lickable TV screen.”和全文可知，主要介绍了可舔电视屏幕这项发明。故选D。
15．段落大意题。根据第三段“The device ... contains 10 taste cans that can spray taste samples onto the surface of the screen. The different tastes in the cans can then mix to create tastes similar to those being shown on screen”可知，这个设备有10个味觉罐，可以将味觉样本喷洒到屏幕表面；罐子里的不同味道可以混合在一起，创造出与屏幕上显示的味道相似的味道。由此可知，本段主要介绍这个设备是如何工作的。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world, even while at home”可知，目标是让人们即使在家里也有可能体验到在世界另一端的餐馆吃饭的感觉；由此推知，作者引用Miyashita的话是为了说明这项发明的目的。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is an experimental technology, produced by Meiji University in Tokyo, Japan”可知，这个设备现在还处于实验阶段。故选C。
18．D 19．D 20．B 21．B 22．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦，挖掘中医宝藏，发现青蒿素的过程。青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生病。
18．推理判断题。根据第2和3段“After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malaria…The extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way. She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in 1972.”可知，找到一种名叫青蒿素的有效药物是很复杂的。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), saving millions of lives in China and other countries throughout the world.”可知，青蒿素拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。故选D。
20．词义猜测题。根据下文“They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine. After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malaria…The extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way.”可知，可知此句“Her team took a unique approach.”句意为“她的团队采取了独特的方法。”划线部分意为“方法”，与“way”同义。故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据第二、三段“They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine. After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malaria…The extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way. She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in 1972.”可知，屠呦呦做了很多工作，从来没有放弃过。故选B。
22．主旨大意题。本文讲述了屠呦呦和她的团队从中国古典药籍中发现了治疗疟疾的青蒿素。它成为了一线药物，在中国和世界各地挽救了数百万人的生命。由此可知，作者的写作目的是赞扬中国的传统解决方案。故选A。
23． After 24．empty 25．areas 26．solve 27． spent 28． the 29．with 30．reduced
31．everyone##everybody　 32．among
【导语】本文讲述了清华大学学生柳济琛开发了一个叫做“光盘打卡”微信小程序，来帮助减少粮食浪费。
23．句意：饭后，用户可以打开小程序，给自己的空盘子拍照。根据“a WeChat mini-program called ‘Clear Plate’”及“take a photo of their ... plates”可知，应是饭后拍照，after“在……之后”，句首单词首字母大写。故填After。
24．句意：饭后，用户可以打开小程序，给自己的空盘子拍照。根据“Clear Plate”可知，拍的应是光盘，empty“空的”，形容词作定语修饰名词plates。故填empty。
25．句意：一旦图像被人工智能检查，用户可以收集积分，并用它们为贫困地区的儿童购买礼物或食物。根据“buy gifts or meals for children in poor...”可知，是为贫困地区的儿童买礼物或食物，area“地区”，可数名词，空前没有不定冠词修饰，所以应用名词复数形式。故填areas。
26．句意：“科技是解决食物浪费问题的好办法。”柳心里想。根据“the problem of food waste”可知，此处指解决问题，solve“解决”，动词，a good way to do sth.表示“做某事的好方法”，空处用动词不定式作后置定语修饰way。故填solve。
27．句意：为了改进这个小程序，该团队花了半年时间在学校食堂和餐厅收集了超过10万张照片。根据“half a year collecting ”可知，此处是spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”的结构，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以空处用动词过去式。故填spent。
28．句意：很快，它就成为了中国大学里最受欢迎的小程序之一。根据“one of...mini-programs in universities across China.”可知，此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+比较范围”结构，最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
29．句意：与此同时，在大学三年级的11月，柳和他的团队以及其他组织发起了“清理你的盘子”活动。根据“Liu and his team, together .... other organizations,”可知，此处是together with“和”，固定短语。故填with。
30．句意：吸引了近160万名大学生，减少了862吨食物浪费。根据“ the ‘Clear Your Plate’ campaign ”和“ take action against food waste”可知，应是减少食物浪费，reduce“减少”，动词，food waste与reduce之间是动宾关系，was后跟动词的过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态结构，故填reduced。
31．句意：“通过这个活动，我们希望鼓励每个人都采取行动，反对浪费食物。”他说。根据“we hope to encourage ... to take action against food waste”可知，是倡导大家一起行动everyone/everybody“每个人”符合语境，不定代词作宾语。故填everyone/everybody。
32．句意：由于他的努力，柳从全球7600多名杰出人士中脱颖而出，并被联合国授予可持续发展目标青年领袖之一。根据“more than 7,600 people around the world ”可知，在超出全球7600多人中脱颖而出，超过三者以上，用among表示“在……中”，故填among。