人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册单元过关检测1-5（含答案 5份打包）

第四单元过关检测
(时间:90分钟　满分:120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Young ladies with good behaviour and social skills will be more confident in society and understand their ability better.This 4-week course teaches social rules,table manners,personal grooming(打扮) and skin care.Classes are easy to learn.
Curriculum(课程)
Class one:Self Introduction and Introducing Others—Handshaking,Eye contact,and Smiling—Please,Thank You and You’re welcome—Making mistakes and Apologising—Telephone Etiquette(礼节).
Class Two:Quick Review—Gift Giving and Receiving—Attending a party—Thank-you Notes —Becoming a Skilled Conversationalist —Joining a Group and Exciting a Conversation
Class Three:Quick Review—Three-Course Meal Instruction—Table skills and Dining Manners—Formal/Informal Place Settings—Use of Proper Utensils(用具)—American/ Continental Style of Dining—Entering and Leaving the Table—Posture(姿势) and Conversation.
Class Four:Quick Review—Grooming—Skin Care—Graduation Celebration
Homework will be given at the end of each class.
Class Date and Price
Classes span(持续) over four separate days,and each class lasts two hours.
Start Date:Dec.12th,2022
Time:1:00 pm-3:00 pm
Price:$250.00/person
For more information,please call 480-510-××××.
1.What cannot a girl learn from this course
A.Social rules.　　　　　　　
B.Table manners.
C.Skin Care.
D.Homework Skills.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“This 4-week course teaches social rules,table manners,personal grooming and skin care.”可知,四周的课程会教社交规则、餐桌礼仪、个人打扮和皮肤护理。Homework Skills(家庭作业技能)没有包括在内。故选D项。
2.How much should two ladies pay for the course altogether
A.$175. B.$250.
C.$500. D.$725.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据文中Price:$250.00/person 可知,费用是人均250美元,那么两个人的费用就是500美元。故选C项。
3.What is the purpose of this course
A.To teach girls how to behave properly.
B.To develop girls’ interest in learning.
C.To improve girls’ confidence in learning.
D.To teach girls how to provide the best service.
答案A
解析主旨大义题。根据第一段可知,To teach girls how to behave properly.符合题意。故选A项。
B
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does,however,have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk,which is about five miles longer than the marathon.But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times.It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however,says Jaclyn Norberg,an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem,Mass.
Like running,race walking is physically demanding,she says.According to most calculations,race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour,which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking,although fewer than running,which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However,race walking does not pound the body as much as running does,Dr.Norberg says.According to her research,runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step,while race walkers,who do not leave the ground,create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result,she says,some of the injuries associated with running,such as runner’s knee,are uncommon among race walkers.But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips,so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique,she says.It takes some practice.
4.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A.They must run long distances.
B.They are qualified for the marathon.
C.They have to follow special rules.
D.They are good at swinging their legs.
答案C
解析细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知,竞走必须遵循特殊规则。故选C项。
5.What advantage does race walking have over running
A.It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B.It’s less challenging physically.
C.It’s more effective in body building.
D.It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
答案D
解析细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“...some of the injuries associated with running,such as runner’s knee,are uncommon among race walkers.”可知,与跑步相比,竞走的优势在于它不大可能使膝盖受伤。故选D项。
6.What is Dr.Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking
A.Getting experts’ opinions.
B.Having a medical checkup.
C.Hiring an experienced coach.
D.Doing regular exercises.
答案A
解析细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique...”可知,Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走运动的人咨询专业人士的意见。故选A项。
7.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking
A.Skeptical. B.Objective.
C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.
答案B
解析推理判断题。通读全文,作者介绍了竞走这项运动的特点,即需要遵循一定规则,膝盖较少受伤,但会对脚踝和臀部造成压力,如果想从事这项运动,尚需专业人士指导。由此可推断,作者对待竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
C
If you want to succeed in life,you need to express the proper body language,with or without having to say anything else.You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language.
Relax your shoulders,keep your hands at your sides(never inside your pockets) and breathe slowly.Have a warm,welcoming facial expression as if you look forward to communicating.Depending on the situation,you may smile when appropriate.
Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible throughout the talk.Nodding and tilting(倾斜) your head closer can show that you are listening.
Do not fold(交叉) your arms,look down at the floor or put your hands in your pockets.These can show that you are uninterested.If you have any comments,you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows.
A lot of your body language can show how confident,interested,bored,angry or nervous you are.Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show that you are very much into the conversation at hand.
You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize(强调) a point.If you’re enumerating things,it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track.
Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with.It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more things to say.
Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the boundaries(界限) of body language through actual contact.Remember that in body language,it is your body that does the talking for you.
8.According to the text,if you find a listener raising his eyebrows,he may 　　　.
A.try to show his anger
B.want to give his own opinion
C.not understand what you say
D.want to prove his confidence
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,B项正确。
9.The underlined word “enumerating” in paragraph 6 may mean “　　　”.
A.considering B.judging
C.numbering D.discussing
答案C
解析词义猜测题。根据第六段首句以及画线词后面的“it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track”可知,enumerate意为“列举”,故C项正确。
10.What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with
A.To walk at a slow pace.
B.To shake hands with every person.
C.To look down at the floor.
D.To fold your arms.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知,如果与你交流的人比较多,建议你慢慢移动步子去跟不同的人交流。故选A项。
11.What is the most suitable title for the text
A.The Power of Body Language
B.The Attraction of Body Language
C.The Origin of Body Language
D.The Understanding of Body Language
答案A
解析标题归纳题。阅读全文尤其是第一段最后一句可知,A项正确。
D
In a world where nearly 6 million fingerprint records of government employees are stolen in one computer hack(非法入侵),and here millions of people are victims of identity theft every year,the next step in cybersecurity may well be mapping your brain.
Researchers at Binghamton University,State University of New York are working on a biometric(生物特征识别的) system that records how your brain reacts to certain images.With a little more polishing,the scientists’ brainchild could become the way you get into a safe deposit box,your office or past scanners at the airport.It could replace the password for your online banking,your email or your social media accounts.
They started their project by measuring the brain waves of 30 subjects.The subjects were fitted with a cap that had 30 electrodes(电极) attached to it,and then shown various images and symbols—celebrity faces,words,pictures of food—on a computer screen in 200-millisecond bursts.The brain’s reaction was recorded.
The idea is that every time a person needs to use a “password”,he or she goes through the same procedure,and the results are matched with their first-time reaction.If the “brainprint” is compromised—like what happened with the fingerprint records—then the system is merely reset by running another set of images and collecting a different set of brain waves.“Even if that was stolen,you could just cancel it and record one to something else”,says professor Laszlo.
Laszlo and her team have shown that their system can be 100 percent accurate.So one of the more difficult parts of making the system practical already has been overcome.Now,they’re spending much time recording accurate brainprints with as few as three electrodes,which could make recording in the future as easy as wearing a pair of special glasses.They’re also working with cheaper materials and different methods to see if they can bring the cost down.
12.What does the underlined word “brainchild” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The brain function.
B.The fingerprint record.
C.The biometric system.
D.The online password.
答案C
解析词义猜测题。根据上下文可知,此处指科学家为应对信息被盗而研究的新发明——一种生物特征识别系统。
13.Why were the images and symbols shown to the subjects
A.To create their brainprints.
B.To check the brain’s reaction.
C.To match brainprints with pictures.
D.To connect brain waves to electrodes.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The subjects were fitted with a cap that had 30 electrodes attached to it,and then shown various images and symbols—celebrity faces,words,pictures of food—on a computer screen in 200-millisecond bursts.The brain’s reaction was recorded.”可推断,向实验对象展示各种图像和符号,记录他们大脑的反应,就是为了获得脑纹。故答案为A项。
14.What will happen when a brainprint fails
A.A spare one will be ready beforehand.
B.A new one will be set again.
C.The users’ security will be leaked.
D.The fingerprint record will replace it.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“If the ‘brainprint’ is compromised—like what happened with the fingerprint records—then the system is merely reset by running another set of images and collecting a different set of brain waves.”可知,如果一个脑纹被破坏了,系统就会重置,重录一个新的脑纹。故答案为B项。
15.What are the researchers doing with the programme now
A.Making it user-friendly.
B.Improving its accuracy.
C.Recording more brainprints.
D.Increasing the number of electrodes.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now,they’re spending much time recording accurate brainprints with as few as three electrodes,which could make recording in the future as easy as wearing a pair of special glasses.They’re also working with cheaper materials and different methods to see if they can bring the cost down.”可知,他们目前在努力简化该系统,并降低成本,这些可以总结为让这个系统更方便为用户所用,故答案为A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You may be able to answer all of the questions the interviewer throws at you,and show a wealth of knowledge about the company in question.　16　 During the job interview preparation stage,body language can easily be neglected(忽视).The way we present ourselves during an interview may betray our actual abilities.　17　 Take a look at the most common body language mistakes to avoid during your next interview.
A weak or overly strong handshake.
A handshake often opens and closes an interview.　18　 A limp handshake may lead to assumptions of disinterest and weakness,whereas an overly strong one may come off as aggressive or pushy.
A negative facial expression.
　19　 Greeting an employer with a negative expression will not make you appear likable.Take a moment to compose yourself before going in to interview,open with a smile and remain natural and positive,without overdoing it.
Avoiding eye contact.
Casting your eyes down for the duration of an interview is something interviewers agree they hate.　20　 However,regular eye contact shows that you are engaged in the conversation and that your self-esteem is high.
A.Smile!
B.A stable handshake is important.
C.However,actions often speak louder than words.
D.So it is necessary to control our body language.
E.It wouldn’t be a good idea to continually stare at the person opposite you.
F.Therefore,it is good to make a positive impression with a stable handshake.
G.Interviewers will get annoyed when you show up with a negative expression.
答案16~20 CDFAE
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Janice just returned from her mother’s.She almost drove on automatic pilot:a left onto Station Road,then a left...for she knew the 　21　 quite well.Then wham!A truck pushed her forward 100 feet onto railroad tracks.While hearing the 　22　 sound of metal on metal,Peter,then 65,was ready for bed.As a volunteer firefighter,without 　23　 Peter grabbed a flashlight and ran out.
The first he 　24　,near his yard,was the truck hitting Janice.Once Peter 　25　 the driver was OK,he looked around,and 　26　 Janice’s car.Just then he heard the urgent bell sound:the 　27　 of an oncoming train!Peter 　28　 to Janice and knocked at the window.She looked at him,with eyes 　29　.“I don’t know where I am,”she said.
“We have to get you off right now!”Peter shouted and pulled the handle 　30　,but the door was jammed.The train,travelling at 65 miles per hour,was 　31　.He ran to the passenger side and threw open the door.Peter somehow 　32　 to pull her out and sped her to 　33　 a few feet away.Within six seconds,the train 　34　 into Janice’s car!
“It was like a movie,”the reporter said.“But there’s one 　35　.The hero arrived in pajamas(睡衣),not in a fire truck.”
21.A.function B.route
C.habit D.benefit
答案B
解析根据上文的“Janice just returned from her mother’s.She almost drove on automatic pilot:a left onto Station Road,then a left”可知,Janice刚从她妈妈家回来,几乎是不假思索地驾车行驶着,因为她对路线很熟,故选route“路线”。
22.A.familiar B.sharp
C.distant D.complex
答案B
解析根据空前的“Then wham!A truck pushed her forward”和空后的“sound of metal on metal”可知,两辆车相撞,发出了很响的声音。sharp表示“突然而响亮的”,符合语境。
23.A.experience B.warning
C.permission D.delay
答案D
解析根据空后的“grabbed a flashlight and ran out”以及最后一段的“arrived in pajamas”可判断,Peter马上拿起手电筒跑了出去。without delay表示“立即,马上”,符合语境。
24.A.came upon B.left aside
C.waited for D.pulled away
答案A
解析他先发现的是撞到Janice的那辆车。come upon“偶然发现”;leave aside“暂时搁在一边,暂时不考虑”;wait for “等待”;pull away“开始驶离,开走”。
25.A.informed B.expected
C.concluded D.wondered
答案C
解析断定卡车司机没事,他环视四周,看到了Janice 的车。inform“通知”;expect“期望”;conclude“断定,推断出”;wonder“想知道”。
26.A.spotted B.reached
C.fixed D.searched
答案A
解析根据上文的“looked around”可知,他环顾四周,看到了Janice的车。spot表示“发现,注意到”。
27.A.noise B.smoke
C.motion D.signal
答案D
解析结合生活常识以及语境可知,他听到的紧迫的铃声预示着火车要来了。motion“动作”;signal“信号,标志,预示”。
28.A.attended B.responded
C.rushed D.escaped
答案C
解析根据第一段的“onto railroad tracks”可知,Janice被撞到了火车轨道上,而火车就要来了,所以Peter 冲到了Janice那里去救她。
29.A.burned B.unfocused
C.unhurt D.closed
答案B
解析根据下文的“‘I don’t know where I am,’she said.”可知,Janice受到惊吓,不知道自己在哪里,眼神很茫然。unfocused在此处表示“(目光)茫然的”。
30.A.carefully B.gently
C.violently D.practically
答案C
解析根据语境可知,当时情况紧急,他需要马上把车门打开救出Janice,故只有猛烈地拉着车门把手才符合语境。violently“猛烈地,厉害地”;practically“几乎,差不多,实事求是地,实际地”。
31.A.approaching B.slowing
C.turning D.speeding
答案A
解析根据上文的“an oncoming train”和下文的“Within six seconds,the train”可知,火车正在驶近。approach “靠近,接近”。
32.A.intended B.managed
C.hesitated D.happened
答案B
解析根据空后的“sped her to 　　　a few feet away”可知,他成功地把Janice拉了出来。manage“勉力完成”。
33.A.peace B.freedom
C.comfort D.safety
答案D
解析根据语境可知,火车临近,他救出Janice后迅速护送她到几英尺外的安全之处。safety意为“安全的地方”。
34.A.broke B.crowded
C.crashed D.stepped
答案C
解析不到六秒,火车撞上了Janice的车。crash“猛撞”。
35.A.connection B.relation
C.impression D.distinction
答案D
解析根据下文的“The hero arrived in pajamas,not in a fire truck.”可知,与电影中不同的是,救人的英雄穿着睡衣,而不是开着消防车到来。distinction“差别,不同”。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The other day I 36.　　　　　(go) to my favourite cafe so that I could have 37.　　　　　 opportunity to be among people.The magic of connection sometimes happens in such situations:a smile,a kind good morning,someone 38.　　　　　(offer) you a newspaper,a short conversation with the staff—many possibilities of love and 39.　　　　　　(kind).
Well,magic did happen.I heard a man who was speaking with difficulty.I noticed he couldn’t do so clearly,40.　　　　　 is often the case,people looked at him or looked down to avoid feeling 41.　　　　　　　(embarrass).I imagined a person in these circumstances would like to feel included rather than excluded.
So I decided to look at him 42.　　　　　 purpose and smile.He looked at me,smiling and said “hello” at once.With a combination of 43.　　　　　　(speak) and body language he asked whether he could approach me or not.I agreed.He introduced me to his friends and explained that they were both deaf and one of 44. 　　　　　　(they) taught sign language online.I apologised for not knowing sign language and wished I had learned.We still managed 45.　　　　　　　　　(have) a beautiful “conversation” which made us very happy.I’m sure we will meet again.Such is the magic of being with others.
答案36.went　37.an　38.offering　39.kindness　40.as/which　41.embarrassed　42.on　43.spoken　44.them　45.to have
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你叫李华,你的美国朋友Jack来信,说他寒假期间要来中国交流学习。他学了两年中文,但是仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难。请你用英语给Jack写封回信,提几点建议,要点如下:
1.大胆自信;
2.放慢语速;
3.借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。
注意:
1.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
2.词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
3.参考词汇:自信的confident。
Dear Jack,
How is everything going I’m glad to learn that you are coming to China this winter. _____
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Jack,
How is everything going I’m glad to learn that you are coming to China this winter.You say you’re worried about your Chinese if you are in China.Now let me give you some advice.
First,you should be brave and confident to speak Chinese when you communicate with others.Second,speak Chinese slowly and clearly when you talk to others.Only in this way can you make yourself understood easily.Finally,you can use pictures,drawings and body language.As you know,some body language is in common in the world.
I hope these suggestions will help you.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
How much do you know about the English of Canada,America’s neighbour to the north As the accents of people from Canada sound very similar to those of people from America,it’ll be easy to think that they share the exact same language.
However,Canadian English and American English share as many differences as they do similarities.Founded as a colony(殖民地) of France in the 1500s,Canada later became part of the British Empire,before gaining independence in 1867.Its connection to the former British Empire can be seen in the way it spells certain words.For example,many nouns use “our” endings instead of “or”,such as “colour” or “neighbour”.At the same time,its French influences can be seen through Canadian English words such as “toque”,a word from French used to describe a woolly hat worn in cold weather.
But that’s not to say that Canadian English has no identity of its own.Many words that are used to describe everyday things by Canadian people may leave English speakers from other countries feeling confused.A “parkade”,for example,means a multi-level parking lot,while “runners” are what Americans would call “sneakers”.“Language is one of the few ways we have left of making statements of local belonging since we now all dress the same,we all watch the same movies,” Charles Boberg,author of The English Language of Canada said.
参考范文
People tend to think Canadian English and American English the same language.However,they have some differences.On the one hand,Canadian English is connected to British English in spelling for some historical reasons.On the other hand,it is also influenced by French.To sum up,Canadian English is a unique language,thus giving Canadian people a sense of identity.第五单元过关检测
(时间:90分钟　满分:120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The University of Tokyo has several museums covering various fields such as medicine,agriculture and art.Here are brief introductions to their histories and exhibits.
The University Museum
Having collected over three million academic materials for its collection since the University of Tokyo was founded in 1877,the University Museum is the largest museum of its kind in Japan.From the time its reorganisation into an independent entity in May 1996,the University Museum has held exhibitions over 60 times.
The Museum of Health and Medicine
The Museum of Health and Medicine seeks to provide information about health and medicine for the general public and advanced education for students studying medicine.The museum features both a permanent exhibition space and a temporary exhibition space,with the latter focusing on topics related to medical care and the study of medicine.
The Agricultural Museum
The Agricultural Museum displays materials from the collection of the University’s Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences.Notable items on display include the documents and portraits of scientists attached to the university,inner organs of Japan’s famous dog Hachiko,and drawings showing German agriculture and the varieties of Japanese cows.
The Farm Museum
The Farm Museum opened in 2007 within a rebuilt dairy barn.The barn was built in 1934 as part of the moving of the University of Tokyo’s farm from Komaba to Tanashi,an area in western Tokyo.The museum features both permanent and temporary exhibitions.Permanent exhibitions include European farming tools used on the Komaba Farm,tools for agricultural experiments,agricultural machinery,American tractors and drawings showing German agriculture.
1.What can we know about the University Museum
A.It was founded in 1877.
B.It has held over 60 exhibitions.
C.It has the most items collected.
D.It is the largest museum in Japan.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据The University Museum中“From the time its reorganisation into an independent entity in May 1996,the University Museum has held exhibitions over 60 times.”可知,该博物馆举办过60多次展览。故选B项。
2.Which should you visit if you are interested in all kinds of Japanese cows
A.The Farm Museum.
B.The University Museum.
C.The Agricultural Museum.
D.The Museum of Health and Medicine.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据The Agricultural Museum中“Notable items on display...and the varieties of Japanese cows.”可知,如果你对各种日本奶牛感兴趣可以来农业博物馆。故选C项。
3.What’s the purpose of the text
A.To introduce museums.
B.To give the university some advice.
C.To make the university famous.
D.To attract visitors to museums.
答案A
解析主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Here are brief introductions to their histories and exhibits.”可知,本文主要目的是介绍东京大学几个博物馆以及它们的历史和展品。故选A项。
B
The situation of the world’s plants is not good.One fifth of the kinds of plants are in danger of disappearing,according to a report.
“Plants are very vital to human beings,” said Kathy Willis,who led the new report.“Plants provide us with everything—food,fuel,medicine,and they are very important for our climate controlling.Without plants we would not be here.”
The good news is that deforestation rates(森林砍伐率) around the world have dropped largely since the 1950s.However,this report on the health of plants around the world shows that there is much more to be done.
The report predicts that there are now 390,900 kinds of plants.And about 21 percent of those plants are in danger of disappearing.“The good side is that we’re still discovering lots of new plants,about 2,000 each year,” said Dr Willis.“The bad side is that we’ve seen a huge change in land cover,mainly caused by cultural activity,with a little bit of climate change as well.”
Human activity has a great effect on the danger of plants disappearing.As humans cut down forests to make room for agriculture,towns and cities,biodiversity(生物多样性) is lost.This could not only affect our own food supply directly,but also it could affect the food chain.
4.What does the underlined word “vital” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Useless. B.Friendly.
C.Equal. D.Important.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据后文“Plants provide us with everything—food,fuel,medicine,and they are very important for our climate controlling.Without plants we would not be here.”可知植物为我们提供了一切——食物、燃料、药物,它们对我们的气候调节非常重要。没有植物,我们就不会在这里。故Kathy Willis说的是植物对人类非常重要。故选D项。
5.Which of the following does Dr Willis agree with
A.New plants are more than ever before.
B.About half the plants will disappear soon.
C.Many new plants are found every year.
D.Plants mustn’t be used to produce medicine.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘The good side is that we’re still discovering lots of new plants,about 2,000 each year’,said Dr Willis.”并结合选项可知Willis博士会同意每年都发现许多新植物的说法。故选C项。
6.What do we learn from the third paragraph
A.We have made little progress.
B.There is a long way for us to go.
C.We have achieved our goal.
D.There will be nothing we can do.
答案B
解析段落主旨题。根据第三段中“However,this report on the health of plants around the world shows that there is much more to be done.”可知,我们还有很长的路要走。故选B项。
7.What is the best title for the text
A.Biodiversity Being Lost
B.Human Social Activity
C.Environmental Protection
D.Nature Climate Change
答案A
解析标题归纳题。结合文章可知,文章主要讲述植物物种面临消失,植物对人类非常重要,植物所面临的险境会导致生物多样性丧失,这种变化最终将会危害到人类自身。可知A选项“生物多样性正在丧失”符合文章标题。故选A项。
C
No one knows who invented the button.It has existed as early as 2000 BCE.When it first started,it was just something pretty yet replaceable sewn onto your clothes.About 3,000 years later,someone finally invented the buttonhole,and buttons were suddenly useful and applied to clothes universally.
Before buttons,clothes were bigger—they had no fixed shapes.People felt as if they wrapped themselves in things.Because of the buttonhole,the fashion moved closer to the body as we discovered uses for the button.At one time,it’s the very way to make clothes fit well for the body.People are completely secure.
The pattern of a button hasn’t changed much since the Middle Ages.It’s one of the most lasting designs in history,because it actually works to keep our clothes shut.Zippers easily break and are hard to fix.Velcro is rackety,and it wears out after a while.However,if a button breaks,you just exactly sew another on.And you can do up your buttons without disturbing others.
A button is there for the long run.It’s not just the most important design ever,but it’s thought to be a decisive factor in the development and innovation of clothes.Present design of clothes shows its influence obviously.If you’re wearing a shirt,take a look at the position of buttons on it.If you’re a male,the buttons would likely be on the right side,but for a female,the buttons are usually found on the left.
Once the buttons were all on the right,and the trend of buttons-on-the-left was set by wealthy women of the Victorian era.Their clothes were complex,consisting of corsets,petticoats,buttons and a wide range of beautiful accessories(配饰).Therefore,they needed assistance while getting dressed.Keep this in mind,clothing makers made innovation and designed articles of clothing that were simple for servants to button up.Such designs of clothing became more and more popular over time,and eventually became the standard still being followed to this day.
8.What can be learnt about early buttons in the first paragraph
A.They appeared a bit later than buttonholes.
B.They served as an essential part of the clothes.
C.Their popularity was driven by buttonholes greatly.
D.They were invented by someone unknown accidently.
答案C
解析细节理解题。由第一段的“someone finally invented the buttonhole,and buttons were suddenly useful and applied to clothes universally”可知,由于扣眼的出现,纽扣变得有实际作用并开始被普遍地用在服装上。
9.What does the underlined word “rackety” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Decorative. B.Practical.
C.Expensive. D.Noisy.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的“Zippers easily break and are hard to fix.”和“However,if a button breaks,you just exactly sew another on.”可知,此处是在对比纽扣与其他同作用的东西来说明它成为历史上最久远的设计之一的原因;由下文的“And you can do up your buttons without disturbing others.”可知,纽扣与Velcro(尼龙搭扣)相比,扣纽扣不会打扰到他人,由此说明扣尼龙搭扣会发出噪声,故D项“Noisy”可解释画线词。
10.Why did the design of buttons on women’s clothes change in the Victorian era
A.To innovate old designs of clothes.
B.To make it easier to button up.
C.To beautify the clothes of women.
D.To keep the standard widely followed.
答案B
解析细节理解题。由最后一段的“Their clothes were complex,consisting of corsets,petticoats,buttons and a wide range of beautiful accessories.Therefore,they needed assistance while getting dressed.Keep this in mind,clothing makers made innovation and designed articles of clothing that were simple for servants to button up.”可知,在维多利亚时代,女士服装上的扣子被设计在左侧是为了方便别人帮她们扣扣子。
11.Which can be the title for the text
A.How buttons changed fashion
B.What the real role of buttons is
C.Why buttons were invented
D.When buttons came into sight
答案A
解析标题归纳题。结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲了纽扣的普遍使用影响了服装的发展和变化。故A项适合用作本文标题。
D
How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work What makes the populations of different species the way they are Why are there so many flies and so few wolves To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of single prey(猎物),the two species are strongly linked;when a predator lives on various species,they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction(灭绝) of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,the switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s,scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key,scientists say,because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点),it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
12.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs
A.The living habits of species in food webs.
B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“scientists have found out...in food webs.”得知科学家们发现了食物网运行的关键法则。故选B项。
13.A strong link is found between two species when a predator 　　　.
A.has a wide food choice
B.can easily find new prey
C.sticks to one prey species
D.can quickly move to another place
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的“When a predator...are strongly linked”可知,如果掠食动物只吃一种猎物,那么两者将紧密联系。故选C项。
14.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline
A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Mathematical models...entire ecosystems.”可知“食物链顶端的掠食动物发生的细微变化都可能会给整个生态系统带来大的影响”。故选D项。
15.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in paragraph 4
A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句话可知“人类的这些行为极大地影响了生态的平衡”。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Clean eating does not have an official definition(定义),but it basically means that you avoid processed(加工过的) and packaged foods in favour of foods that are in their natural state.　16　 Then how to start clean eating
Focus on fruits and vegetables.The basis of a clean eating plan should be whole,unprocessed fruits and vegetables.　17　 Include 1 or 2 servings of vegetables or fruits with every meal.If you don’t like to wash and cut produce yourself,you can buy pre-washed and cut fresh produce.
Add 2 to 3 servings of whole grains each day.Whole grains should make up the majority of your food since they contain more fiber and nutrients(养分) than white grains.Lessen white bread,pasta,flour and rice.　18　
　19　 Protein helps to keep you feeling full for longer than carbs(碳水化合物) or fats,so make sure to get 2 to 3 servings of protein per day.All or most of the meals you eat should have 1 serving of lean protein.
Drink water as your main source of liquid.　20　 Make sure that you are drinking at least eight 8 glasses of water daily.Drink water with your meals and between them to keep yourself hydrated(含水的).Try carrying a water bottle wherever you go and refill it as needed throughout the day!
A.Water is essential to a clean eating plan.
B.Add a serving of lean protein to each meal.
C.Replace these foods with whole grains choices.
D.Try to buy fresh fruits and vegetables whenever possible.
E.It is important to read labels(标签) when you eat out.
F.It is a popular way to make sure that you are having healthier foods.
G.Fat helps with satisfaction,but too much fat will increase your overall calorie intake.
答案16~20 FDCBA
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My adviser interviewed me over the phone.He 　21　 my undergraduate record and thought I had a graduate degree.Therefore,I was 　22　 to the Ph.D programme.He welcomed me into his lab even after knowing the 　23　.
I began to get into a running start.I 　24　 myself into reading every paper found and testing scientific questions.But four years later,I felt lost because I 　25　 passed my qualifying exam.Then a friend asked me to volunteer as a barman at a gala(盛会).I was 　26　 at first,having never worked behind a bar,　27　 I said yes in the end.I spent an evening 　28　 cutting fruit and doing other unskilled tasks.I was tired but also felt unbelievable—surprising how much 　29　 I had.
Later,I realised the reason why I enjoyed this experience so much was that the 　30　 of this job were exactly what I was 　31　 from my Ph.D programme.It was only physically tiring,for the tasks I did were 　32　.At that point,I had not had a pause in 　33　 as hard as I could for four years,and I was completely 　34　 of the toll(损害) it was taking on my spirit.Since then,I’ve tried to give my mind more 　35　.
21.A.disbelieved B.rejected
C.misread D.mixed
答案C
解析根据空后的“my undergraduate record and thought I had a graduate degree”可知,他误读(misread)了作者的本科记录,以为作者有硕士学位。
22.A.introduced B.admitted
C.accompanied D.compensated
答案B
解析根据下文中的“He welcomed me into his lab”可知,作者被准许加入(admitted)博士课程了。
23.A.criterion B.gap
C.weakness D.error
答案D
解析根据上文可知,他误读了作者的本科记录,录取作者进入博士课程,故此处表示即使发现了错误(error),他还是欢迎作者到他的实验室。
24.A.argued B.tricked
C.threw D.frightened
答案C
解析作者全心投入阅读每一篇自己能找到的论文。
25.A.merely B.surprisingly
C.easily D.barely
答案D
解析根据空前的“But four years later,I felt lost because”可知,此处表示虽然作者那么努力,但是他的资格考试勉强(barely)才及格。
26.A.optimistic B.thrilled
C.confused D.hesitant
答案D
解析根据下文中的“having never worked behind a bar”可知,作者从来没有在吧台工作过。由此可知,此处表示作者一开始是犹豫的(hesitant)。
27.A.but B.so
C.and D.or
答案A
解析作者一开始是犹豫的,而下文提到作者最后答应了,由此可知,空处前后构成转折关系,故用but。
28.A.going about B.looking through
C.bursting in D.carrying on
答案A
解析根据空后提到的工作内容和下文的“tired”可知,此处表示作者一整个晚上都在忙着切水果和做其他不需要特殊技能的活儿。
29.A.joy B.experience
C.skill D.comfort
答案A
解析根据下文的“why I enjoyed...so much”可知,作者感到难以置信——惊叹于自己从中感到的乐趣。
30.A.designs B.chances
C.varieties D.demands
答案D
解析作者意识到这是因为这份工作所需要的正是他在博士课程中所缺少的。
31.A.missing B.suffering
C.learning D.avoiding
答案A
解析参见上题解析。
32.A.boring B.meaningful
C.simple D.vague
答案C
解析根据上文中的“cutting fruit and doing other unskilled tasks”可知,此处表示作者做的工作很简单(simple)。
33.A.hitting B.thinking
C.winning D.complaining
答案B
解析四年来,作者一直在努力思考(thinking)。
34.A.nervous B.ashamed
C.proud D.unaware
答案D
解析作者完全没有意识到它(过度用脑)带给自己精神上的损害。
35.A.practices B.motivations
C.breaks D.reasons
答案C
解析根据作者的这次经历和“I had not had a pause”可知,此处表示从那以后,作者试着让他的大脑有更多的休息(breaks)。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research says nuts could be a 36.　　　　　　　(value),tasty and nutritious slimming aid.Researchers from Harvard University recommended that people replace a daily unhealthy snack with a small handful of nuts 37.　　　　　　　　　　　　　(slow) down weight gain.This is 38. 　　　　　　　(especial) helpful for people as they get older.The researchers found that people who ate just 14g of nuts every day gained less weight 39. 　　　　　　　 those who ate another snack.The people who ate the nuts were less likely to become obese(肥胖的).However,the benefits to our weight could be quite small.40. 　　　　　　　(eat) nuts instead of chocolate and cakes could help prevent a weight gain.
The researchers conducted a long-term study in which they looked at 41. 　　　　　　　 lifestyle of nearly 190,000 people for over two 42.　　　　　　　(decade).The participants in the research 43.　　　　　　　　　　　　(divide) into three groups.They included more than 51,000 male health professionals aged 40 to 75,121,700 nurses aged 35 to 55 and 16,686 nurses aged 24 to 44.Researchers asked the participants questions every four years about 44. 　　　　　　　(they) weight,how often they ate nuts,and how often they exercised.A researcher said replacing less healthy foods with nuts might help reduce the weight gain 45. 　　　　　　　 is common as we age,and might lower the chances of becoming obese.
答案36.valuable　37.to slow　38.especially　39.than　40.Eating　41.the　42.decades　43.were divided
44.their　45.that/which
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你市青少年活动中心拟开展乒乓球夏令营活动。请你按照以下要点给即将来华的美国笔友Chris写一封电子邮件,介绍夏令营活动,并邀请她参加:
1.提出邀请;
2.夏令营时间;
3.活动内容和要求。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Chris,
The Table Tennis Summer Camp is kicking off in the City’s Teenager Activity Centre which is intended for the teenagers.I’m writing to invite you to take part.
As scheduled,the camp is due to start from July 20 and lasts one month.Anyone who is strong and healthy can be admitted.Table tennis lovers who possess teamwork spirit are preferred.Here’s something you should pay attention to.It’s good manners to follow your coach.Also,remember to be punctual for daily training and most importantly,keep safety in mind.
I’d appreciate it if you could come and join me.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
It was New Year’s Eve.I was 15 and feeling sad because there was not enough money to buy the dress I wanted.We did the chores(家庭杂务) early that night,so I figured Dad wanted extra time for us to spend together.Instead,he dressed himself again and went outside.“Come on,Elizabeth,”he said.“Dress yourself warmly.It’s cold.”
Outside,I became even more upset.Not only wasn’t I getting the dress;now Dad was dragging me out in the cold.Whatever we were going to do wasn’t going to be a quick job.I unwillingly climbed up beside Dad,the cold already biting me.We pulled in front of the woodshed(柴棚),and started loading wood.Finally,I asked,“Dad,what are you doing ”“Have you been by Mrs Clark’s lately ”he asked.
Mrs Clark lived about two miles down the road from us.Her husband had passed away the year before,leaving her and three children to raise on her own.“Yeah,”I said.“Why ”“I rode by just today,”Dad said.“Little Jake was out digging around in the woodpile,trying to find a few pieces of wood.They’re out of wood,Elizabeth.”
That was all he said.Dad then went to the smokehouse and took down a side of bacon,telling me to go and load it.He returned carrying a large bag of flour over his right shoulder and a smaller bag of something in his left hand.“What’s in the little bag ”I asked.“Shoes.They’re out of shoes.I got the children a little candy too.It just wouldn’t be New Year without some candy.”I tried to think through what Dad was doing.We did have a big woodpile,meat,and flour,so we could spare some,but I knew we didn’t have any money.Mrs Clark had closer neighbours than us.Why was it our concern
We unloaded the wood behind the Clarks’ house and knocked on the door.It opened a crack(缝隙),and a fearful voice said,“Who is it ”“James Cotton,ma’am,and my daughter,Elizabeth.Could we come in for a bit ”
Mrs Clark opened the door of the house where the three children were wrapped in a blanket.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
I understood very well that Dad had given me a gift much greater than a dress. ___________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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参考范文
Mrs Clark opened the door of the house where the three children were wrapped in a blanket.“We brought you a few things,ma’am,”Dad said,and handed the bags to her.She opened one bag and took out the shoes.And she bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran down her cheeks.“We brought a load of wood,too.”Then Dad turned to me,“Elizabeth,let’s heat this place up.”Soon the fire worked and everyone was in high spirits.The kids laughed when Dad handed them each a piece of candy,and Mrs Clark also wore a smile.
I understood very well that Dad had given me a gift much greater than a dress.Just now,I saw the three children surrounding my dad,running and laughing.I could see that they missed their dad,and I was glad that I still had mine.Dad gave me the happy look on Mrs Clark’s face that probably hadn’t been on her face for a long time,the smiles of her three children,and the best New Year memory of my life.I was so grateful that I have got the most valuable gift for New Year.第三单元过关检测
(时间:90分钟　满分:120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Set in historic studios overlooking the ocean in St Ives,Cornwall,the UK,our art classes attract many visitors and locals alike.Class sizes are small and our teams of tutors are professional artists with a passion for teaching.
Discover Painting
Tutor:Ilker Cinarel
8-10 Jun,￡285
An introduction to using acrylics(丙烯酸颜料),a diverse and lively medium that moves at your pace.Learn to mix colour effectively with fun and active approaches on a variety of surfaces.Ideal for total beginners to the medium of acrylics,this course will give you the tips and tools you need to get started.Respond to the local landscape as well as still life set-ups in the studio.
Elemental Ocean
Tutor:Amy Albright
20-21 Jun,￡215
Use oils and acrylics to express the ever-changing moods and colours of the Atlantic Ocean,just outside our window.Learn layering techniques that cause depth and emotion in your paintings.Explore how you can convey the nature of the sea with its ever-changing moods and colours.
Life Drawing
Tutor:Steve Dove
1-5 Jun,￡450
Drawing from the figure is a classic,traditional skill and these tutored life drawing classes are ideal for those wanting to learn and improve.Don’t worry if you haven’t got your own drawing materials.Different tutors bring their own style of teaching and we have both male and female models.
Painting Flowers in Oils
Tutor:Gary Long
14-17 Jun,￡365
Work from both seasons and flowers to establish a confident approach to working with oils,creating still life paintings that luxuriate in the richness of paints,colour and texture.Start with the subject that has attracted artists for centuries:a combination of seasons and flowers.
1.In the Discover Painting class,participants 　　　.
A.must have basic knowledge of painting
B.can learn how to draw natural views with acrylics
C.can learn how to create the colour they desire in oils
D.can learn how to use acrylics and many other paints
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据Discover Painting部分中的“An introduction to using acrylics...Respond to the local landscape”可知,Discover Painting课程教学员如何使用丙烯酸颜料……描绘当地的景观,即如何使用丙烯酸颜料画自然风景。
2.What course will you take if you want to learn to draw a person
A.Life Drawing.　　　　
B.Elemental Ocean.
C.Discover Painting.
D.Painting Flowers in Oils.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据Life Drawing部分可知,画人物是一项经典、传统的技能,这些生活绘画类课堂非常适合那些想要在这方面学习和提高的学员。……我们有男模特和女模特。故如果你想要学习画人物,你可以参加Life Drawing课堂。
3.Where can you probably find this article
A.In a market survey.
B.In a journal about wildlife.
C.On a website about famous painters.
D.On a website that introduces art courses.
答案D
解析文章出处题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了英国4个绘画课程。故你最有可能在“介绍艺术(绘画)课程的网站上”读到本文。
B
Driving on up to Yosemite with my family was exciting but nerve-racking(神经紧张的).I had never been to such an amazing national park before,yet I wasn’t the most athletic person,so I knew that I couldn’t stick through all the hiking up and down.It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience.
The ride there was definitely long but worth it.As I woke up from my nap,I saw the beautiful scenery of the tall mountains and beautiful streams.The trails were made nicely for visitors.The waterfalls were breathtaking.Climbing up rocks was one of my favourite parts.Even though I fell a couple of times,I still had a lot of fun.The fact that my family and I spent so much time together trying to find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together.
The great thing about nature is that,it’s just you,the views,and the people around you.There’s nothing there to bother you and it’s the best way to relax and enjoy yourself.Yosemite has 5 of the world’s highest waterfalls,and about 300 lakes.The structure of each mountain is incredible;it’s formed in ways that almost take your breath away.Some of them are of a deep dark colour with waterfalls forming;some are formed with spots of green peeking(窥探) out.It’s definitely something you wouldn’t want to miss.
Yosemite isn’t the only great National Park but based on my experience,I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends.It’s a great time to bond,laugh,and take in what Mother Nature offers.
4.The author writes the first paragraph mainly to 　　　.
A.introduce the topic of this passage
B.offer an example to us
C.tell us his future plan for hiking
D.describe a national park
答案A
解析写作意图题。文章第一段第一句首先提到Yosemite,该段最后一句“It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience.”起到承上启下的作用,下文展开介绍作者此次去约塞米蒂国家公园游览的所见所闻。由此可推测,作者写第一段的目的是引出本文话题。故选A项。
5.While climbing up rocks,the author was 　　　.
A.nerve-racking B.injured
C.pleased D.worried
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Climbing up rocks was one of my favourite parts.Even though I fell a couple of times,I still had a lot of fun.”可知,攀岩是作者的最爱之一,尽管摔倒了好几次,但仍然很开心。故选C项。
6.According to the passage,Yosemite 　　　.
A.is crowded with visitors every day
B.is the only great National Park
C.is worth travelling to
D.is nothing but a common destination
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The ride there was definitely long but worth it.”及全文对约塞米蒂国家公园的美景描述和作者一家人从中得到的乐趣可知,该公园值得游览。故选C项。
7.The author suggests that we 　　　.
A.keep a good bond with other people
B.visit Yosemite now and then
C.try to protect the environment
D.go out to enjoy the beauty of nature
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends”可知,作者建议我们多出去走走,以享受大自然之美。故选D项。
C
The Disneyland parks are full of amusements,but they are also small cities that deal with deliveries,rubbish,and groups of visitors.People need to move from one place to another;they have to refuel and relax.To meet these requirements,the parks are well-equipped in reality.For example,Disneyland Park in California has a reliable transport system.In Walt Disney World in Florida,dustbins are spaced 30 feet apart,and all of them are emptied through underground tubes.
None of this happened by accident.Walt Disney first had his idea for a play land in 1937.He first imagined the park’s buildings in a small size.He spent years collecting ideas by visiting other places.He studied Beverly Park in Los Angeles,including rebuilt historic villages.He visited Colonial Williamsburg,where employees dressed up and walked around.Then he organised a team of engineers and designers to plan and build a small world he called Disneyland.Walt Disney had blueprints(蓝图) drawn up,and tried to get the permission to break ground(破土动工).
In 1953,he bought some land in Anaheim.Some designers thought it was too far,but Disney went ahead.It was like building a new city.Pipes had to be fixed.Railway track had to be laid around.Disney chose the hub-and-spoke(轴辐式)street pattern that many cities have.“I want Disneyland to be a place where you can’t get lost,” he said,Designers and architects also diagrammed(图解)the rides and made models,while artists painted the background.
Finally in July 1955,the visitors came.If they picked up maps,they could see the results of years’ planning:the shops and restaurants,the square,and the streets.The magic city had finally jumped off the drawing board and come into real life.
8.What does the author want to show about the Disneyland parks in the first paragraph
A.The convenient environment.
B.The amusing tourist attractions.
C.The differences between the parks.
D.The visitors’ common requirements.
答案A
解析推理判断题。由第一段可知,作者想展示迪士尼乐园便利的环境。故选A项。
9.Why did Walt Disney travel to different places including Beverly Park
A.To choose a place for construction.
B.To advertise his Disneyland Park.
C.To experience American culture.
D.To get inspiration for his park.
答案D
解析推理判断题。由第二段中的“He spent years collecting ideas by visiting other places.He studied Beverly Park in Los Angeles,including rebuilt historic villages.”可知,沃尔特·迪士尼要去Beverly Park等不同的地方是为了寻找建设公园的灵感。故选D项。
10.What kind of person is Walt Disney according to the passage
A.Confident but selfish.
B.Stubborn but kind-hearted.
C.Considerate and determined.
D.Careful and hard-working.
答案C
解析推理判断题。由第二段中的“He spent years collecting ideas by visiting other places.He studied Beverly Park in Los Angeles,including rebuilt historic villages.”可知,沃尔特·迪士尼考虑很周全。由第三段中的“Some designers thought it was too far,but Disney went ahead.”可知,沃尔特·迪士尼意志坚定。故选C项。
11.What’s the best title for the text
A.It is worthwhile to build large parks
B.Disneyland has been built like a brand-new city
C.How a theme park was built in a big city of the USA
D.Disneyland—a famous park around the world
答案B
解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,短文介绍了迪士尼乐园内部是如何被沃尔特·迪士尼设计和规划的。由最后一段的“The magic city had finally jumped off the drawing board and come into real life.”可知,短文的最佳标题为“迪士尼乐园建得像一座崭新的城市”。故选B项。
D
Some people think if you are happy,you are blind to reality.But when we research it,happiness actually raises every single business and educational result for the brain.How did we miss this Why do we have these social misunderstandings about happiness Because we assumed you were average.When we study people,scientists are often interested in what the average is.
Many people think happiness is genetic.That’s only half the story,because the average person does not fight their genes.When we stop studying the average and begin researching positive outliers—people who are above average for a positive aspect like optimism or intelligence—a wildly different picture appears.Our daily decisions and habits have a huge impact upon both our levels of happiness and success.
Scientifically,happiness is a choice.It is a choice about where your single processor brain will devote its limited resources as you process the world.If you scan the negative first,your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work.But if you scan the positive,you start to acquire an amazing advantage.
I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on “Happiness Leads to Profits”.Based on my article called “Positive Intelligence” and my research in “The Happiness Advantage”,I summarised the conclusion of our research:the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce.
A decade of research in the business world proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome:increasing sales by 37%,productivity by 31%,and accuracy on tasks by 19%,as well as a number of health and quality-of-life improvements.
12.The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to “　　　”.
A.the fact that people are happy
B.the connection between happiness and educational result
C.the fact that people often misunderstand happiness
D.the fact that most people are average
答案B
解析词义猜测题。this通常指上文提到的名词,由第一段第二句可知this指代的是上一句中幸福和教育结果之间的关系。故选B项。
13.What can we learn from the passage
A.Scientists are only interested in what the average is.
B.You can choose to be happy or not.
C.The average are not happy at all.
D.Our decisions and habits have nothing to do with happiness.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句可知,你如果心态消极,那么你就看不见你所感恩的东西,同样也看不到工作的意义。但是如果你积极地细看这个世界,你会开始获得令人意想不到的益处。通过这两种态度可以得出,幸福就是一个选择,你可以选择快乐你也可以选择悲伤,关键在于你自己。故选B项。
14.Why does the writer mention his articles and research
A.To advertise himself.
B.To arouse the readers’ interest.
C.To support his point about happiness.
D.To attract the readers to read his articles.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知,作者提及自己写的文章和调查研究,是为了支撑中心论点——幸福感。故选C项。
15.What is the author’s purpose of writing this article
A.To explain what is happiness.
B.To describe the misunderstandings about happiness.
C.To show people the importance of happiness.
D.To make the point that happiness promotes business and educational outcome.
答案D
解析写作意图题。本文主要围绕人的幸福感展开论述,通过人们对幸福的不同理解和作者的佐证,以及利用研究调查得出一项重要结论,即:幸福感可以促进业务和增强教育成果。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Saving Money on Holiday Travel
The holiday season isn’t just about shopping and gifts.　16　 However,holiday travel can get very expensive.Fortunately,the following tips will help you keep your travelling expense under control.
Plan ahead.The earlier you book your travel,from tickets to hotels,the easier it is to find good deals.　17　 In fact,you should book travel one to three months in advance so that you have more opportunities to find the best deals.
Book your air travel on cheaper days.Travelling by air on Tuesdays and Wednesdays often costs less than travelling on Fridays and Sundays.During the holidays,though,it’s not just about a specific day of the week.　18　 Days right before and after a holiday can be more expensive.If you don’t travel on Thanksgiving Day or Christmas Day,you might be able to find an even better deal.
Consider travelling overnight.Early-morning flights often cost less than those at more convenient time.　19　 Depending on where you are going,and the ways of getting there,overnight travel can help you avoid a night in the hotel,as well as save your money on travel to your destination.
　20　 You can’t bring water or drink with you on the plane,but you can bring sandwiches and other food.When you’re on the road,you can buy food at local food stores to make your own meals.
A.Bring your own food.
B.Consider cheap hotels that provide food.
C.Besides,booking earlier can save your money.
D.If you are flying,consider airports that are farther away.
E.You also need to consider the days before and after the holiday.
F.A great deal of travel also takes place during this time of year.
G.Other choices include night trains and ships.
答案16~20 FCEGA
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ciudad Perdida,Colombia’s “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu(马丘比丘古城).There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins.The chance of getting there is merely 　21　 on foot:a tiring hike lasting several days nonstop.
Despite this,I couldn’t 　22　 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida.Twelve other hikers and I went there in 　23　 with a licensed guide.The dirt path,which 　24　 through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓),proved 　25　 right from the start.It’s suggested that hikers have good physical 　26　,as the journey is difficult.Horses helped to carry basic 　27　 like food to the cottages where we would sleep.Along the way we also met the 　28　.They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep 　29　 between them and the land.
The next morning,we were off early to 　30　 the heat,but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 　31　 by the time we reached the final stage—1,200 stone steps to 　32　.Finally,my eyes rested on the splendid scene that had 　33　 the hard journey to Ciudad Perdida,after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs.The beautiful site below amazed me.While the return trip included 　34　 the mental barrier of having already achieved our goal,the experience is the one I would do again.It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more 　35　 one.Earned views are always better.
21.A.dangerous B.impressive
C.identical D.available
答案D
解析到那里的机会只有徒步才能获得:一场持续数天不停歇的累人的徒步旅行。根据“on foot”可推断,这个城市仅能步行到达,空格处是“可获得的”。
22.A.resist B.obtain
C.promote D.employ
答案A
解析根据下文的“Twelve other hikers and I went there”可知,尽管旅程会很累,但我还是抵御不了去佩尔迪达城的诱惑。
23.A.comparison B.combination
C.company D.communication
答案C
解析我和另外12名徒步旅行者在一位有执照的导游的陪同下去了那里。按照常理推断,导游陪伴我们旅行。in company with“与……一起”。
24.A.buried B.swung
C.wound D.leaked
答案C
解析这条土路蜿蜒穿过高耸的棕榈树和悬挂的藤蔓,从一开始就证明有挑战性。根据空格前的“The dirt path”和下文“through towering palms and dangling vines”可知,小路应是蜿蜒向前。
25.A.disappointing B.embarrassing
C.challenging D.amazing
答案C
解析根据上文的“through towering palms and dangling vines”可知,小路蜿蜒穿过高耸的棕榈树和悬挂的藤蔓,步行旅行具有挑战性。
26.A.character B.fitness
C.independence D.confidence
答案B
解析有人建议,徒步旅行者应该身体健康,因为旅行是困难的。根据下文的“as the journey is difficult”可知,旅程是困难的,因此徒步者应该身体素质好,因此空格处是“健康”。
27.A.equipment B.furniture
C.possessions D.supplies
答案D
解析马帮助把食物之类的基本补给品运送到我们睡觉的小屋。根据“like food”可知是指补给品。
28.A.natives B.visitors
C.guides D.drivers
答案A
解析在路上我们还遇到了当地人。根据常识可知,沿路最有可能遇到的是当地人,因为这是很少有人涉足的地方。
29.A.conflict B.distance
C.bond D.belief
答案C
解析根据上文的“They have been left undisturbed for centuries”可知,他们已经几个世纪不受打扰,因此他们和这片土地之间有着深厚的联系。
30.A.reduce B.avoid
C.lower D.detect
答案B
解析根据上文的“were off early”可知我们早出发是为了避免炎热。
31.A.set in B.cut off
C.watched out D.gave in
答案A
解析根据下文的“by the time we reached the final stage”可知,当我们到达最后一个阶段时,高温和肌肉疼痛已经开始了。
32.A.cover B.catch
C.display D.explore
答案A
解析由“1,200 stone steps”可知,此处表示我们要走1,200个石头台阶。
33.A.predicted B.convinced
C.motivated D.evaluated
答案C
解析根据第二段的“Despite this,I couldn’t 　　　the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida.”可知,佩尔迪达城的景象激励我开始了这段艰苦的旅程。
34.A.overcoming B.memorizing
C.observing D.witnessing
答案A
解析根据下文的“the mental barrier of having already achieved our goal”和常理推断,回程包括克服已经实现目标的心理障碍。
35.A.luxurious B.relevant
C.flexible D.rewarding
答案D
解析根据下文的“Earned views are always better.”可知,这次旅程因为困难而变得更有意义。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mount Wuyi is lying at the junction(交叉点) of Fujian and Jiangxi Provinces.It is among 36.　　　　　　　 first group of China’s top tourist cities.In December 1999,Mount Wuyi 37.　　　　　　　　　　　　(list) as the World’s natural and cultural heritage by the UNESCO.
With rich tourism 38.　　　　　　　(resource),Mount Wuyi is a famous tea centre in China.As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty,it was well-known 39. 　　　　　 a place of interest.It has a species-rich ecosystem,with 2,527 kinds of plant species 40. 　　　　　 about 5,000 species of wild animals.Mount Wuyi belongs to typical Danxia landform.Except for the 41. 　　　　　 (amaze) Danxia landform here,the Taoism culture and tea culture also attract tourists at home and abroad,42.(especial) those coming from Singapore and Malaysia.
Mount Wuyi Scenic Area 43.　　　　　(be) quite large.Attractions in the mountain are dotted(点缀) and distance between each other is quite long.It is not recommended 44.　　　　　　　　　　　　(visit) all the sites in the mountain,but to some main attractions.With the ticket,you can reach all the attractions 45. 　　　　　(include) Heavenly Tour Peak,Wuyi Palace,Dahongpao Tea Trees,Water Curtain Cave,etc.
答案36.the　37.was listed　38.resources　39.as
40.and　41.amazing　42.especially　43.is　44.to visit　45.including
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,得知当地为庆祝端午节要举办赛龙舟活动,你想邀请好友Louis一起报名参加,请给他写一封信,要点如下:
1.写信目的;
2.活动意义;
3.赛前准备。
注意:
1.词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Louis,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your active participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Louis,
Learning that a meaningful race will be held in our community to celebrate the coming Dragon Boat Festival,I’m writing to invite you to sign up together.
The dragon boat race is one of the most typical traditions of the Dragon Boat Festival.It is said that after the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan committed suicide in a river,people raced out in boats to get his body,which later became a custom of the festival.Now it’s a worldwide popular water sport and celebrating activity.To compete in the race,we’d better watch some videos in advance.
Looking forward to your active participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
Papa always wanted a cowboy to help on our farm.When I was born,he probably took one look at me and said,“Send her back!”OK,so I overstate a little.But I know he wishes I were a boy.He’s always calling me “Joey” instead of “Josefina”.I’ve been riding in barrel races since about the time I started walking.But whenever I ask to help herd(放牧) the cows here on the farm,Papa always says,“That’s men’s work.”
On Saturday morning it rained cats and dogs.I flew into the kitchen when I smelled the delicious pork sausage.Papa had already finished eating and was putting on his rubber boots.Without a word,Papa walked out into the downpour and his face fell.“Is Papa mad at me ”I asked Mama,who sat at the table drinking coffee.After filling my plate with eggs and sausage,I sat down beside her.
“Your father is worried about the cows,”Mama explained.“Unless he can drive them to high ground,they might drown.He needs help.”“I’m pretty good on horses,”I reminded her between bites.“I’ve got several cups to prove it.”She laughed,“You know how Papa feels about young ladies driving cattle.”
I did,but I decided to make an offer anyway.When he came to the stable(马厩),I was there waiting.“I could help if you’d only let me,”I told him.He stood there for what seemed like an hour,and then said,“Go get your raincoat,Joey.”
“It’s Josefina!”I raced back into the house.Walking in my wide-brimmed hat and high-topped boots,I felt like a cowgirl.
Fully equipped,Papa and I set off in the heavy rain.Papa rode on a big horse named Miguel and I on my small horse Isabella.We began calling the cows as soon as we reached the side of the river.Our horses made a noise every now and then as muddy water from the flooded stream tickled(使发痒) their bellies.
Finally,we found the cows bunched up in a large bush. ______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
By the time we got back home,the rain had mostly given way to darkness. ________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
Finally,we found the cows bunched up in a large bush.Papa and I rode back and forth behind them,yelling to drive them out of the bush.At last we got the cows out of the bush and herded them along a muddy road towards high ground.As Isabella waded across a deep stream,I felt cold water creeping into my boots and due to the heavy rain,I was nearly soaked to the skin.Grinning,Papa said,“A true cowboy is tough,Joey.”“Cowgirl,”I murmured.Finally,we succeeded in getting the cows to high ground,which took us all day.
By the time we got back home,the rain had mostly given way to darkness.We got off the horses and led them into the stable.After changing into dry clothes,we went to the stable again.Papa brushed the horses while I fed them.Papa said,“You’re a good cowboy,Joey.”“Cowboy Joey ”I asked.Laughing,Papa picked me up.“My little cowgirl,Josefina,I’m so proud of you!”A big smile spread over my face and I knew Papa really does love me,even though I’m not a cowboy.第一单元过关检测
(时间:90分钟　满分:120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years
Jane Addams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907-1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and,in 1981,the first woman to join the US Supreme Court.O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913-2005)
On 1 December 1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history
A.Her social work.　　　　　　　　　　
B.Her teaching skills.
C.Her efforts to win a prize.
D.Her community background.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.”可知,任何曾经得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams,由此推知,她在历史上以社会工作者而闻名。故选A项。
2.What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm
A.Her lack of proper training in law.
B.Her little work experience in court.
C.The discrimination against women.
D.The poor financial conditions.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知,她没能在律师事务所找到工作是因为她是一名女性,这是对于女性的歧视。故选C项。
3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US
A.Jane Addams.
B.Rachel Carson.
C.Sandra Day O’Connor.
D.Rosa Parks.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...and kicked off the civil-rights movement.”可知,Rosa Parks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D项。
B
I always feel sorry for world leaders busy dealing with fights between nations.When my three children were young,most days it was hard to keep my house from becoming a battlefield.
It got worse as they grew older.Three years ago,Zack,then 16,couldn’t make it through a day without making his sisters,Alex 11 and Taryn 9,angry.
My husband and I tried to be understanding the boy at such an age.We reasoned,punished,and left heartfelt notes on his bed about how he was hurting our family.His answer was “I say it because it’s true.”
I even tried telling the girls to fight back.Bad idea.Now I had three children at war.Whatever I said to them,they paid no attention.When there was no way out,I told everything to my sister,Mary,in an email.She replied,“Don’t email me.Email him.”
Our son was online every day,mailing and talking with his friends.Maybe he would actually hear me this way.I didn’t say anything different,but email just took the tension away.There’d be no shouting or door banging.Zack wouldn’t feel under attack.
Zack didn’t reply for days.When he finally did,his entire message was four small words.I smiled when I read them,“You’re right.I’m sorry.”
The children still fought,of course,but Zack changed.Best of all,I now have a better way to talk with not one but three of them.I like it that they don’t tune me out as much as they used to.They like not having to listen to me shouting to them.Or as Alex says,“You’re so much nicer online.”
All I know is that the house is quiet.But we’re talking.
4.What was the trouble before the online talk in the family
A.The children couldn’t get along peacefully.
B.The writer failed to understand her daughters.
C.The family found it difficult to keep the house clean.
D.The parents were not willing to talk with their children.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Three years ago,Zack,then 16,couldn’t make it through a day without making his sisters,Alex 11 and Taryn 9,angry.”可知,在作者给儿子发邮件之前的日子里,孩子们不能和平相处。故选A项。
5.The writer emailed her sister 　　　.
A.to escape from the problem
B.hoping she’d email the boy
C.to tell her about the family problem
D.asking about child-raising
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When there was no way out,I told everything to my sister,Mary,in an email.”可知,作者在没有办法解决的情况下,给姐姐发了邮件说这个问题。故选C项。
6.The underlined phrase “tune me out” in the passage probably means “　　　”.
A.pay no attention to me　　
B.get angry with me
C.quarrel with me
D.keep me out of their rooms
答案A
解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Whatever I said to them,they paid no attention.”可知,以前孩子们不理会作者说的话,再根据画线词后的“as much as they used to”可知,本句意思是作者很欢喜孩子们不像以前那样忽视她了。故选A项。
7.Why does the writer feel sorry for world leaders busy dealing with fights between nations
A.Because she doesn’t think the leaders are successful.
B.Because she doesn’t think fights can be stopped.
C.Because she has nothing to do with the leaders.
D.Because she can understand that the leaders’ job is hard.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When my three children were young,most days it was hard to keep my house from becoming a battlefield.”可知,作者之所以理解国家领导人的难处,是因为她同样难以处理孩子们之间的矛盾。故选D项。
C
When Albert Einstein was young,he was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone.He was slow to talk and had difficulty in learning to read.
When Albert was five years old,his father gave him a compass.Albert was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—the north.He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.Their answers were difficult for Albert to understand.Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them.He said later that he felt something must be hidden behind things.
Albert didn’t like school.The German schools of that time were not pleasant.Students couldn’t ask questions.Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.
One day Albert told his uncle Jacob how much he hated school,especially mathematics.His uncle told him to solve mathematical problems by pretending to be a policeman.“You are looking for someone,” he said,“but you don’t know who he is.Call him X.Find him by using your mathematical tools.”
Albert learnt to love mathematics.He was studying the complex mathematics of calculus(微积分) while all his friends were still studying simple mathematics.Instead of playing with his friends he thought about things such as “What would happen if people could travel at the speed of light ”
Albert wanted to teach mathematics and physics.He graduated with honours,but it was a pity that he could not get a teaching job.
8.According to paragraph 2,we can learn that Albert Einstein 　　　.
A.was interested in the compass
B.wanted to be a great scientist
C.was not clever enough
D.didn’t like thinking by himself
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Albert was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—the north.”可知,爱因斯坦对指南针很感兴趣。故选A项。
9.Why did Albert Einstein hate school
A.He couldn’t play with his friends there.
B.Students were not allowed to ask questions.
C.The schools were like prisons at that time.
D.He had to learn mathematics that he didn’t like.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The German schools of that time were not pleasant.Students couldn’t ask questions.”可知,德国学校不允许学生问问题,因此,爱因斯坦不喜欢学校。故选B项。
10.What does the underlined word “complex” probably mean
A.Useful. B.Difficult.
C.Boring. D.Interesting.
答案B
解析词义猜测题。根据本句“He was studying the complex mathematics of calculus while all his friends were still studying simple mathematics.”说明该词与simple是反义词。difficult“困难的”符合语境。故选B项。
11.We can learn from the passage that 　　　.
A.Einstein became a mathematics teacher after graduation
B.Einstein gradually loved mathematics with his uncle’s help
C.Einstein’s uncle was a policeman
D.Einstein liked playing with other children
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三段内容可知他的叔叔教他如何学习数学,他是在叔叔的影响下喜欢上数学的。故选B项。
D
“You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.The unwilling parent organises the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense,I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies
12.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1
A.She knows little about the club.
B.She isn’t good at sports.
C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer.
D.She’s unable to meet her schedule.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You can use me as a last resort,and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.”可知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他人当志愿者,她才会做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。故选C项。
13.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Encourage teamwork.
B.Appeal to feelings.
C.Promote good deeds.
D.Provide advice.
答案B
解析词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二段中的“She may just need a little persuading.”以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可知,B项正确。
14.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3
A.She gets interested in lacrosse.
B.She is proud of her kids.
C.She’ll work for another season.
D.She becomes a good helper.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The unwilling parent organises the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.”可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表、发送电子邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。故选D项。
15.Why does the author like doing volunteer work
A.It gives her a sense of duty.
B.It makes her very happy.
C.It enables her to work hard.
D.It brings her material rewards.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connecting to the community as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.”可知,志愿者工作给她带来了快乐。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The most successful people all have certain habits in their daily routines.These habits help contribute to their success.Forming a new good habit can be a struggle,but it is well worth the effort.　16　.
Set your goal.
Before you can begin to work on your new habit,it is worthwhile to consider your goal.　17　.Make sure that your goal is specific,measurable and realistic to increase your chances of success.
　18　
Choosing the habits that are most likely to help you achieve your goal is important.After you have set your goal and worked out all the specifics of achieving that goal,identify a habit that is part of achieving that goal.Consider what good habit would help you accomplish that goal.
Consider your motivation.
Once you have identified your goal and the new habit you need to accomplish this goal,take some time to consider your motivation.　19　.Good motivation can be the difference between success and failure in terms of forming a new habit.So take your time to consider your motivation.
Give yourself time.
Forming a new habit can take a long time.Some people can form a new habit in as little as a few weeks,while other people will take several months.As you work to form your new habit,just keep in mind that it may be a while before it comes true.　20　.
A.Identify ways to achieve goals
B.Find the habit you want to form
C.Good habits are sure to make you a success
D.Here are the four steps you can follow to form good habits
E.Figure out exactly what you hope to accomplish
F.Try to be patient with yourself as you form your new habit
G.Your motivation is the reason you want to form this new habit
答案16~20 DEBGF
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
An English man is being praised for his act of kindness.He 　21　 an expensive bike for ￡80 only so he could return it to its 　22　 owner.
26-year-old Burke was about to leave the 　23　 after finishing his routine physical exercises when he was 　24　 by three men asking if he wanted to buy a bike.Burke was immediately 　25　 of its origin since they were trying to sell the ￡1,350 bike for ￡80.Apart from that,he 　26　 there was a bike lock still 　27　 to the rear wheel(后轮).
After Burke got the bike,he posted a photo of it on social media to 　28　 its owner.Within hours,Burke was 　29　 by the bike’s owner on the phone,whose house had been burgled(入室盗窃).The man’s 　30　 for its return was beyond words.He tried to 　31　 the money to Burke,but Burke refused,telling 　32　 that he “didn’t feel right taking money from the unfortunate man.”
Burke has since been reported by social media for his “heroic” deed,although he 　33　 that he did not return the bike for media attention.　34　,Burke was delighted to receive the online 　35　 to his honesty.
21.A.rented B.purchased
C.sold D.borrowed
答案B
解析设空处与第三段中“After Burke got the bike...”的“got”在语义范畴上一致,表示“购买”。rent“出租,租用”;purchase“购买”;sell“出售”;borrow“借”。故选B项。
22.A.careless B.desperate
C.generous D.original
答案D
解析根据第三段首句“After Burke got the bike,he posted a photo of it on social media to 　　　its owner.”可知,Burke买下自行车后,在社交媒体上发布了自行车的照片,希望能够联系上物主。careless“粗心的”;desperate“绝望的;拼命的”;generous“慷慨的;仁慈的;丰富的”;original“原来的;最初的”。故选D项。
23.A.gym B.office
C.factory D.station
答案A
解析根据设空后信息“after finishing his routine physical exercises”可知,Burke应是在健身房锻炼身体。gym“健身房”;office“办公室”;factory“工厂”;station“车站”。故选A项。
24.A.persuaded B.required
C.approached D.begged
答案C
解析句意:Burke在健身房结束健身活动准备离开时,有三个人走近他问他是否想买自行车。persuade“说服”;require“需要”;approach“接近;走近”;beg“恳求;祈求;乞讨”。故选C项。
25.A.aware B.skeptical
C.confident D.nervous
答案B
解析根据设空后的“...since they were trying to sell the ￡1,350 bike for ￡80.”可知,售价1350英镑的自行车只需80英镑就可以买到,Burke对此感到怀疑。aware“意识到;察觉到”;skeptical“怀疑的”;confident“有信心的;确信的”;nervous“焦虑的;胆怯的”。故选B项。
26.A.ignored B.understood
C.predicted D.noticed
答案D
解析句意:除对价格差距感到怀疑外,他还注意到自行车后轮上还上着锁。ignore“忽视;不予理睬”,understand“理解”;predict“预言;预告;预报”;notice“注意到”。故选D项。
27.A.attached B.exposed
C.compared D.adjusted
答案A
解析句意同上题。attach“把……附在……上”;expose“暴露;揭穿”;compare“比较;对比”;adjust“调整;适应;整理”。故选A项。
28.A.consult B.track
C.protect D.educate
答案B
解析Burke买下自行车后在社交媒体上发布照片,希望能找到车主。consult“咨询;查询”;track“追踪”;protect“保护”;educate“教育;训练”。故选B项。
29.A.praised B.visited
C.reached D.reminded
答案C
解析根据语境可知,此处表示几小时内,自行车的主人就通过电话联系了Burke。praise“赞扬”;visit“参观”;reach“(尤指用电话)联系”;remind“提醒;使想起”。故选C项。
30.A.preference B.thankfulness
C.love D.enthusiasm
答案B
解析对于素不相识的Burke买下自行车并设法归还给自己的善举,自行车主人的感激之情自然是难以言表。故选B项。
31.A.put in B.get out
C.set aside D.pay back
答案D
解析当车主试图偿还Burke购车的费用时,Burke拒绝了。put in“安装;插话”;get out“出版;泄露”;set aside“省出;把……搁到一旁”;pay back“偿还”。故选D项。
32.A.reporters B.owners
C.audiences D.bike-lovers
答案A
解析根据最后一段中的“Burke has since been reported by social media for his ‘heroic’ deed...”可知,社交媒体对Burke的善举进行了报道。reporter“记者”;owner“主人”;audience“观众”;bike-lover“自行车爱好者”。故选A项。
33.A.promised B.denied
C.stressed D.accepted
答案C
解析句意:尽管Burke强调自己将自行车物归原主并不是为了吸引媒体的关注,但社交媒体自那以后还是报道了他的“英雄”事迹。promise“承诺”;deny“否认;否定;拒绝”;stress“强调”;accept“接受”。故选C项。
34.A.Therefore B.Otherwise
C.Meanwhile D.However
答案D
解析此处表示转折,故选However。therefore“因此,所以”;otherwise“否则,除此以外”;meanwhile“与此同时”;however“然而”。故选D项。
35.A.welcome B.display
C.assessment D.discussion
答案A
解析设空处填入的词应与文章首句“An English man is being praised for his act of kindness.”中的“praised”在范畴上一致,即他的诚实受到表扬、受到欢迎。welcome“欢迎”;display“展览”;assessment“评估”;discussion“讨论”。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist 36. ___________ paintings were almost lifelike.The artist’s reputation had made him proud.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 37. ___________ (fine) work,in which he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would 38. ___________ (choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister,the old man laughed.The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 39. ___________ (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.40. ___________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and 41. ___________ (point) down the river.The next morning he hired a boat and set out 42. ___________ (find) the well-known painter.As the small boat moved 43. ___________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 44. ___________ (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 45. ___________ earth,Mother Nature.
答案36.whose　37.finest　38.be chosen　39.curiosity　40.When/As　41.pointed 　42.to find　43.gently
44.surrounding　45.on
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Mr Zhang,aged 50,is my favourite English teacher.He is so knowledgeable,humorous and responsible that I respect and love him so much.
Honestly speaking,his great patience and assistance have a great impact on me.It was Mr Zhang who made me perceive the importance of learning English well.Had it not been for his guidance and encouragement,I couldn’t have won first prize in the English Contest.Without his aid,I wouldn’t have boosted my integrated skills in English.I’ll definitely remember his kindness and help forever.
Mr Zhang is a very respectable teacher indeed! I do thank him for what he did for me.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
9-year-old Igor lived in a huge forest in the north of Russia.His father was a woodcutter and his mother was a tailor.The boy liked playing with animals in the forest,and knew the names of different birds and their songs.One freezing winter,Igor was seriously ill and the doctor who was from big cities told his parents that only surprise could save him.Lying all day in bed,Igor only wanted his father to catch a bird so he could play with it.But in winter there were no birds in the forest.“You could make him a bird out of wood,”suggested the anxious mother.
The first finished bird was fat and too heavy to fly.He threw it into the fire,head in hands.
It was snowing heavily,and he really didn’t know where to find a bird.Then an idea occurred to him,“The bird needs two pieces of wood.”Eventually,he made it and showed it to his wife.“Beautiful!”she said,taking a needle and thread(线) and sewing the two ends together,like a real bird.She tied a long thread to the bird’s back.And it could be hung above Igor’s bed.Quietly,the woodcutter hung the bird above the boy’s bed.
At daybreak,his son was watching the bird carefully.There was a light in his eyes for the first time in many weeks.“Beautiful!”said Igor.“I’ve never seen it before in the forest.What’s its name ”“That’s a good question.I’ll find out and tell you.”The next morning,when the father entered Igor’s room,he found the boy sitting up in bed,trying to touch the bird.The last time Igor sat up in bed was many weeks ago.“What’s it called ” the boy asked.“Oh,dear,I’m still not sure.”
Late on that night,Igor’s father went into his son’s room quietly and made the thread a little shorter.Then the bird was hanging a little higher above Igor’s head.Three days later,he found Igor kneeling on the bed,trying to touch the bird.His hand was very near it.“Have you decided on the name ”“Not yet.My son,”his father replied.
Again,at night the father went into his son’s room. ________________________________
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Several days later,Igor’s father was cutting wood when he heard a scream from the house.
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参考范文
Again,at night the father went into his son’s room.Seeing Igor was asleep,he put the bird a little higher and left.To his joy,Igor was able to stand on the bed and nearly touch the bird the second day.The woodcutter encouraged his son to go on trying and told him it was not as high as he thought.However,Igor still wanted to know the name of the bird.The father said he was trying to figure out the kind of the bird.
Several days later,Igor’s father was cutting wood when he heard a scream from the house.He ran quickly to his son’s bedroom.He couldn’t believe what he saw.Igor was jumping up and down excitedly on his bed.It was above his head that the bird was going round very fast.He showed off his performance to his father.“Please tell me,what’s its name ”“It’s called the bird of surprise,”his father replied excitedly.And his mother,standing at the door,cried tears of joy to see her young son full of life once again.第二单元过关检测
(时间:90分钟　满分:120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
September 21,2050—At a press conference today it is announced that the first tourist heading for Mars will be the 38-year-old US businessman Patrick Clifford.He will leave Earth in the launching window of June 2052 and set his foot on the surface of Mars in November,together with the other 6 astronauts assigned for the mission to further explore the planet.
Patrick has two years of training to get ready for the trip.Not only will he spend five months in getting to Mars,but another 600 days there before he can go back home.Patrick said excitedly,“This has been my dream since I was four,and seeing the first man on Mars 20 years ago made me realise that it was possible.”
To be able to pay the $1.3 billion for his ticket for the trip,Patrick sold his majority stake(股份) in the company his father had built.“I know that my father would have been proud of me if he had still been alive today,and he knew what this means to me,” said Patrick.There is no risk though that you will find Patrick begging in your street corner when he comes back,but it is said that he was paid twice as much for his part of the company.
So,how is he going to spend his 600 days on the red planet “Well,since I don’t have a job when I get back after selling the company,I have plenty of time to come up with a new business idea,” he said.If he brings a shovel(铁锹) he can start building the first hotel there,but maybe he shouldn’t expect too many guests until someone can offer a cheaper ticket.
1.How long will Patrick Clifford be away before he comes back
A.About five months.　　　B.About two years.
C.About 600 days. D.About 750 days.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Not only will he spend five months in getting to Mars,but another 600 days there before he can go back home.”可知是5×30+600=750。故选D项。
2.The underlined part in paragraph 3 means that 　　　.
A.the trip will turn Patrick into a beggar
B.Patrick will get much money from the trip
C.we needn’t worry about Patrick’s economic condition
D.it’s likely that Patrick will be very poor after he comes back
答案C
解析推理判断题。画线句是想表达Patrick 回来后,人们不会看见他乞讨的,说明不用担心他的经济状况。故选C项。
3.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Patrick is an optimistic man.
B.A total of six people will go to Mars.
C.Patrick’s father felt excited at the news.
D.Patrick will spend all his money on the trip.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘...I have plenty of time to come up with a new business idea,’ he said.”可知,他是乐观的。故选A项。
B
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time.And like more Americans,she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent,according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know ” Bechtel said,looking up from her book.Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energised.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.
Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt,whose company provided the statistics for the report.
4.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A.Food variety. B.Eating habits.
C.Table manners. D.Restaurant service.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据本段提到的数据以及“meals are eaten alone in America”“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”以及“eating together”可知,这些数字是关于饮食习惯的。故选B项。
5.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch
A.To meet with her coworkers.
B.To catch up with her work.
C.To have some time on her own.
D.To collect data for her report.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Lunch is Bechtel’s ‘me’ time.”以及第三段的最后一句“Today,I just wanted some time to myself...”可知,她喜欢出去吃午饭是因为她想有一些属于自己的时间。故选C项。
6.What do we know about Mazoleny
A.He makes videos for the bar.
B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C.He interviews customers at the bar.
D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis”可知,他对酒吧的老板可以直呼其名,由此推测他们应该很熟悉。故选D项。
7.What is the text mainly about
A.The trend of having meals alone.
B.The importance of self-reflection.
C.The stress from working overtime.
D.The advantage of wireless technology.
答案A
解析主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段中的“That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.”可知,本文主要介绍了人们单独就餐的趋势。故选A项。
C
Have you ever run out of coffee or tea Found no eggs in the fridge No bread for the sandwich and the nearest shop is too far away Well,all that can change in the future.
If all goes well,the intelligent future kitchen will soon help solve all your problems.In the future,all kitchen units will be connected to the Internet.The intelligent future kitchen will give wise advice on planning your menu for the day.Worried about your weight It will tell you the right diet and what is good for your health.It will even keep in mind your likes and dislikes!
Designed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,this smart kitchen promises to pay attention to all your needs.The computer’s system will help keep an “eye” on the fridge.If the fridge is empty,the kitchen will automatically call and place an order at the local supermarket.So you don’t have to worry about it at all.
You get home late,and don’t know what to make from the collection of ingredients(原料) in your fridge.A while back you might have ordered a takeout but now,instead of worrying about eating a collection of this and that,you’re excited.You can pull out each vegetable,and pass each one in front of a web camera next to your fridge.A few moments later,a screen on your fridge would display a tasty recipe.
After dinner,you take your plates to a box next to the sink.You don’t have to clean them,your machine does.It produces new plates every time you need to eat.Later in the evening,you phone your other half,who is on a business trip halfway around the world.As you drink your cup of hot coffee,it makes your other half’s cup change colour on the other side of the world,another special way to keep in touch.
8.The problem mentioned in the first paragraph will be solved 　　　.
A.by the intelligent future kitchen itself
B.by finding a good housekeeper
C.after you call the supermarket
D.after you buy great amounts of food
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If all goes well,the intelligent future kitchen will soon help solve all your problems.”可知,第一段中提到的问题都会被未来的智能厨房自动解决。故选A项。
9.The kitchen of the future may help you 　　　.
A.lose weight fast B.keep a healthy diet
C.cook delicious food D.clean fridge in time
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Worried about your weight It will tell you the right diet and what is good for your health.”可知,未来的智能厨房将可能帮助你保持健康饮食。故选B项。
10.The underlined word “automatically” in the third paragraph means “　　　”.
A.in secret B.by chance
C.by itself D.again and again
答案C
解析词义猜测题。联系前一句“The computer’s system will help keep an ‘eye’ on the fridge.”及后一句“So you don’t have to worry about it at all.”可知,此处指的是,如果冰箱空了,智能厨房能自动解决这些问题。画线词与by itself的意思相同。故选C项。
11.The fourth paragraph tells us that the smart kitchen 　　　.
A.will order a takeout for you if you get home late
B.has a big colour television and some web cameras
C.can pull out all the vegetables from your fridge
D.can give a suitable recipe according to your ingredients
答案D
解析段落大意题。根据第四段中的“A few moments later,a screen on your fridge would display a tasty recipe.”可知,这段话主要讲述的是智能厨房能根据冰箱里面的材料给出一个合适的菜谱。故选D项。
D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start.The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
12.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.A new study of different plants.
B.A big fall in crime rates.
C.Employees from various workplaces.
D.Benefits from green plants.
答案D
解析段落大意题。由文章第一段可知,一项研究发现,城市绿化率越高的区域犯罪率越低;另一项研究发现,工作环境有室内植物装饰时,员工的效率提高15%。由此可知,本段主要讲绿色植物的好处。故选D项。
13.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A.To detect plants’ lack of water.
B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer.
D.To test chemicals in plants.
答案A
解析细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water...”可知,麻省理工学院的工程师们之所以在植物叶子上放置传感器,是想监测植物的缺水状况。故选A项。
14.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A.They will speed up energy production.
B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
D.They could take the place of power plants.
答案C
解析推理判断题。由文章最后两段,尤其是最后一段中的“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可推知,将来这种发光植物可能会有助于降低能源消耗。故选C项。
15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Can we grow more glowing plants
B.How do we live with glowing plants
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps
D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free
答案C
解析标题归纳题。文章开门见山,指出人类与植物的联系一直是科研的主题;然后讲述麻省理工学院开展的研究,力求用植物代替日常用品的功能;接下来进一步阐述用普通蔬菜来发出光照亮房间,甚至将树木变成自供电的街灯。由此可知,文章最佳标题为:发光的植物能替代街灯吗 故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Earthquake can strike without warning.But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.
If you’re inside a building,stay there!One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.　16　 Drop to the ground.Get under an object that is not easily damaged.Hold on to it until the shaking stops.You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your hand.If you’re in bed when the earthquake hits,stay there and protect your head with a pillow.
　17　 Don’t take shelter under a tree,streetlights,electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving,stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses,buildings,bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you.　18　
If you are trapped in ruins,cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing.Use your cell phone to call for help if possible.Don’t shout.　19　 Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.
Be prepared for aftershocks.　20　 However,sometimes they even happen months later.Therefore,if you are not in a safe position after the first shock,you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.
A.Don’t move about or kick up dust.
B.If you’re outside,go to an open space.
C.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.
D.Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object.
E.Take a good hold of your cell phone in the building.
F.They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.
G.Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.
答案16~20 GBDCF
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ever since I was 13 years old,I wanted to be a photographer.I had a(n) 　21　 of working for some magazines,which would allow me to travel around the world to 　22　 the right picture.
After leaving high school,I 　23　 in photography in the University of the Arts.However,I kept reflecting on my 　24　 though I learnt a lot in my freshman year.There was nothing 　25　 with the school,but it was not 　26　 for me.
I 　27　 my high school photography teacher and couldn’t help but envy his work.Such a feeling made me know teaching students how to 　28　 their full potential in their artwork was what I wanted.And 　29　,I wanted to be involved in a 　30　 that made me feel like I was actually making some 　31　 in the community.
I decided to transfer(转学) to Buffalo State College.When I was in class,I always 　32　 myself with what I was learning.Then,during my first on-site teaching lesson at a middle school,it 　33　 me that this was what I would want to do for the rest of my life,and I 　34　 loved it.Now,as I’m finishing my senior year,I’m happy that I came to such a 　35　 in my life.I believe this is just the one for me.
21.A.chance B.dream
C.experience D.freedom
答案B
解析根据首句可知,作者13岁时就想成为一名摄影师,因此这里指作者的梦想是为一些杂志社工作。故选B项。
22.A.acquire B.spot
C.offer D.assess
答案A
解析根据作者的梦想和上文的“...which would allow me to travel around the world to...”可知,作者周游世界是为了拍摄到合适的照片。acquire“获得,得到”,符合语境。spot“发现”;offer“提供”;assess“评估”。故选A项。
23.A.joined B.succeeded
C.took D.majored
答案D
解析根据作者的梦想和下文的“...in the University of the Arts.”可知,作者在大学里主修摄影。major in“主修”。故选D项。
24.A.competence B.option
C.life D.profession
答案B
解析根据上文的“However,I kept reflecting on my...”和下文的“...though I learnt a lot in my freshman year.”可知,尽管作者大一学到了很多知识,但是也一直在思考摄影专业这个选择。competence“能力”;option“选择”;life“生活”;profession“职业”。故选B项。
25.A.valuable B.special
C.wrong D.unusual
答案C
解析句意:学校没什么问题,但是它不适合我。nothing wrong with...表示“……没有问题”。故选C项。
26.A.pleasant B.suitable
C.acceptable D.practical
答案B
解析句意同上题。根据下文“I decided to transfer to Buffalo State College.”可知,从前的学校不适合作者,所以作者转学了。pleasant“令人愉快的”;suitable“适合的”;acceptable“可接受的”;practical“实用的”。故选B项。
27.A.relied on B.heard of
C.referred to D.thought of
答案D
解析根据上文可知,作者认为摄影专业不适合自己,再结合下文的“Such a feeling made me know teaching students...”可推断出,此处作者想说明自己为什么会有换专业的念头,这是因为她一想到中学的摄影老师,不禁羡慕他的工作。rely on“依靠”;hear of“听说”;refer to“提及,谈起”;think of“想起”。故选D项。
28.A.find B.strengthen
C.adopt D.realise
答案D
解析根据下文的“...their full potential in their artwork was what I wanted.”可知,教学生如何在绘画中充分发挥他们的潜能才是作者想要的。find“找到”;strengthen“加强”;adopt“采取”;realise“充分发挥”。故选D项。
29.A.above all B.at last
C.in general D.after all
答案A
解析句意:最重要的是,我想从事一份能让我感觉到自己对社区有用的工作。above all“最重要的是”;at last“最终”;in general“通常”;after all“毕竟”。故选A项。
30.A.stage B.job
C.duty D.responsibility
答案B
解析根据上文的teaching students可知,作者在考虑换一份当教师的工作。故选B项。
31.A.difference B.impression
C.sacrifice D.exploration
答案A
解析根据上文可知,作者想教学生如何在绘画中充分发挥他们的潜能,由此可知这是有意义的事,故此处表示作者想从事一份让他觉得自己在社区里确实起到了一些作用的工作。make some difference意为“有些作用”。故选A项。
32.A.amused B.associated
C.concerned D.helped
答案C
解析根据下文可知,作者非常中意自己做出的转学选择,因此此处表示他对课上的内容非常感兴趣。concern oneself with表示“(对……)感兴趣”。故选C项。
33.A.astonished B.informed
C.inspired D.struck
答案D
解析句意:后来,在一所中学的第一堂现场教学课上,我突然意识到这是我余生想做的事。it struck sb that...是固定句型,表示“某人突然想到……”。故选D项。
34.A.absolutely B.naturally
C.eventually D.gradually
答案A
解析根据语境可知,作者发自内心地喜欢教学,故此处表示作者极其热爱它。absolutely“极其”;naturally“自然地”;eventually“最终”;gradually“逐渐地”。故选A项。
35.A.conclusion B.consensus
C.decision D.sense
答案C
解析根据上文的“Now,as I’m finishing my senior year,I’m happy that I came to such a...”可知,此处表示作者很高兴自己做出转学的决定。conclusion“结论”;consensus“共识”;decision“决定”;sense“感觉”。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever had the feeling that can’t be understood by anyone Well,here 36. 　　　　　　　　　(come) “Pepper”,which could be about to change all that.Pepper is the first robot 37.　　　　　　　　　(read) human feelings.38. 　　　　　　　　　(use) its emotion recognition functions(情感识别功能),Pepper can make jokes,dance and 39. 　　　　　　　　　(surprising) it can even sing to people when they are around it.
The robot looks like a lovely girl.It is four feet tall with a tablet computer in 40. 　　　　　　　　　(it) chest.It has human-like hands,a girl-like body and baby-like voice.
Pepper can tell facial expressions,human voices and signs,and then make an answer.Pepper 41.　　　　　　　　(design) to be a family robot,but it isn’t like the household robot in the cartoon.Pepper is used at home or stores, 42. 　　　　　　　　　 we enjoy pleasure and entertainment.If a natural accident happens,it can encourage us and make us laugh and feel 43. 　　　　　　　　　(relax).
Pepper began to be on sale 44.　　　　　 a price of $2,000 a few years ago.At present,several Peppers are on show at stores for people to visit.Before selling,the 45. 　　　　　　　　　(create) want them to store more knowledge in order to get along with human beings.
答案es　37.to read　38.Using　39.surprisingly
40.its　41.is designed　42.where　43.relaxed　44.at　45.creators
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be Smart Online Learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛,内容包括:
1.分析优势与不足;
2.提出学习建议。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.题目已为你写好。
Be Smart Online Learners
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参考范文
Be Smart Online Learners
As we all know,time is rather limited in today’s society and the online courses break the limitation of time and space,providing us with great convenience to study.Thus,its popularity is easy to foresee and understand.
However,there also exist some disadvantages.Online learning does harm to our eyesight.Apart from that,the outcome of study can’t be guaranteed,especially for those who lack self-control.Moreover,the atmosphere of the class is not warm enough,which leads to a lack of communication between teachers and students.
In my opinion,if you can take full advantage of every possible means appropriately to study with self-discipline,it won’t matter whether you study online or in the classroom.I do hope all of us can be smart online learners.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
It was shortly after one o’clock in the morning and Mr Fairfax was really tired. He had been driving for over five hours, heading for a small town far away from home. The weather was clear but it was dark and Mr Fairfax could not find a motel to spend the pletely exhausted, he decided to stop by the roadside for a few hours’ sleep at the wheel of his car. He fell asleep almost the moment he closed his eyes. But soon he was awakened by a man tapping on the car window.“I say, you don’t happen to know the time, do you ” the stranger asked.
Mr Fairfax wound the window down and thrust his head out.“It’s around one o’clock,” he answered. Then he wound his window up and soon fell back into a deep slumber.
Half an hour later, another guy came up and knocked on his window who also inquired about the time. Once again, Mr Fairfax gathered his thoughts and told him that it was just after half past one.
When the same thing happened again, Mr Fairfax became increasingly irritated. Sleep-deprived, he began to raise his voice at the passer-by,“It’s two o’clock! And why can’t you get yourself a watch like the rest of us ”
This time when he was winding the window up, Mr Fairfax figured out how to make sure no one else disturbed him. He found some paper and a pencil and wrote a note that he placed on the windscreen(挡风玻璃) of his car. It said,“I don’t know what time it is!” Amused by his good idea, he happily drifted off to sleep again.
Not long afterwards, the note was spotted by a policeman on his night patrol. In order to fulfill his duty to assist motorists, he tapped on Mr Fairfax’s car window.
“Well, sir,” the policeman said.“Now it is five past three!”
With a loud noise of fist hitting the wheel, the car window was wound down. _____________
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“I’m sorry, Mister, but I think sleeping in the car by the roadside is not a good choice,” said the police. __________________________________________________________________
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参考范文
With a loud noise of fist hitting the wheel, the car window was wound down. Mr Fairfax thrust his head out again, staring at the man breaking his sweet dream. His eyes were red for lack of sleep.“How dare you!” Mr Fairfax shouted,“I will be crazy if you do this again!” “Uh...Excuse me,” the policeman replied tentatively.“I was just doing my duty. You know...” “Oh, please! Go ahead, sir. Just don’t disturb me!” Winding up the window, Mr Fairfax was eager to go back to sleep.
“I’m sorry, Mister, but I think sleeping in the car by the roadside is not a good choice,” said the police.“You think ” Mr Fairfax was still angry.“Yeah, so I was thinking you may spend the rest of the night in my office. It’s not far from here by the way.” “Well,” Mr Fairfax started to feel uneasy.“I have to say thanks a lot. And I’m also sorry for the rudeness just now.” “Oh, that’s OK. But I’m afraid you have to pay a fine of $10 for parking by the roadside,” the police wrote a ticket with a tricky smile.