选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection
重要题型专练
一、阅读选择
A
Bike-friendly cities around the world
Cycling is kind to the environment so it is an excellent way to take in the city. Here are 4 bike-friendly cities adopting this green mode of transport to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Malm , Sweden
Cycling in Malm is enjoyable due to the relaxed and easy-going manner of most cyclists. The calming atmosphere makes it a great experience, even for nervous riders. A highly recommended bike route is from Ribersborg park to Limhamn Harbour, where riders can take a few good photos of the famous resund Bridge.
Beijing, China
In the 1970s, bicycles were the main mode of transportation for people in Beijing. However, dedicated (专用的) cycle paths for cyclists were limited. Only in May 2019, did the city launch its first achievement in cycling facility is worth a shout-out for a city with over 21 million people.
Bogota, Colombia
Bogota first introduced the concept of cycle path in 1974. The idea sees cars being banned from city roads every Sunday from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m., helping cyclists, runners and walkers exercise safely. Since then, the city has slowly but steadily expanded the program, including setting up dedicated cycle paths. As a result, Bogota now has 550km of bike paths and is the most bike-friendly city in Latin America.
Montréal, Canada
Montréal has already established protected bike paths since the 1980s. BIXI is the city’s bike-sharing system with 9,600 bikes and almost 800 stations. Cyclists can make their visit to the Tour de L’lle Montreal, a yearly bike ride where cyclists take to the streets for a day without any other vehicles being allowed on the roads.
1．Which city will attract cyclists interested in photography
A．Beijing. B．Malm . C．Montréal. D．Bogota.
2．What do Beijing and Bogota have in common
A．Improvement in cycling facility.
B．Shift in primary means of transportation.
C．Regular investment in building bicycle paths.
D．Multiple specific cycle paths connecting districts.
3．What makes Montréal different from other cities
A．The most bike-friendly city. B．The oldest protected bike paths.
C．An annual bicycle event. D．The most calming effect on cyclists.
B
Conservation organization Plantlife is urging people to put away their lawnmowers (除草机) for a month and let wild flowers grow instead, as part of its No Mow May project.
Leaving the grass uncut will create a habitat that will benefit bees and other insects, the organization says. Plantlife says lawns could be biodiversity hot-spots if left alone. It says those who participated in its campaign last year reported the growth of more than 250 plant species on their lawns. Among these were wild strawberry and wild garlic. There were also sightings of declining species like green-winged orchids.
One gardener who has been enjoying a more relaxed approach is Tom Jennings, 45, from Buckinghamshire. He says it’s a chance to reconnect with the natural world. “Those fascinated by neat gardens use not only lawnmowers but chemicals.” says Tom.
After letting his back garden grow out, Tom witnessed an explosion of wild flowers—important for pollinators (授粉者) such as bees. Tom says he’s been shocked at how quickly insects have returned to his back garden: an encouraging signal given the global decline of insect populations.
According to Colette Webb, 42, who lives in West Sussex, there are added benefits to letting nature gradually take its course in the garden. “It saves you a bit of time and arguments with the husband about getting the lawnmower out—something my husband hates doing,” she says. “There’s a part of me that thinks the garden is really messy, but when you sit there for some time a day and look at what’s it’s supporting, you realize it’s for the benefit of nature.”
But not everyone is on board with the idea, says David. One of his neighbours is pursuing their own re-wilding project in their own garden—but the other is yet to be convinced. “And my mother, who’s 81, still says it looks untidy,” he laughs.
4．What is the major goal of Plantlife’s No Mow May project
A．Helping promote biodiversity. B．Attracting more garden visitors.
C．Making their gardens look more natural. D．Saving people’s trouble of mowing their gardens.
5．What do we know about Tom Jennings from the text
A．He is crazy about neat gardens.
B．He hates having to cut the grass regularly.
C．He believes the project is increasing the number of insects.
D．He benefited a lot from the decline of insects in his garden.
6．What added benefit did No Mow May project bring to Colette Webb
A．She gets on better with her husband. B．Her husband has come to enjoy gardening.
C．Her garden is no longer as messy as it used to be. D．She has formed the habit of sitting in the garden.
7．Which can be used to replace the underlined part in the last paragraph
A．Shows concern about. B．Makes response to.
C．Agrees with. D．Comes up with.
C
Since the beginning of the summer in 2022, China has been burning hot under the worst heatwave in decades. A number of people in Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces were diagnosed with thermoplegia (热射病), the most severe form of heatstroke, and some even died of this disease.
In a warming world, the risks of heatwaves are increasing. According to a study, the number of deaths caused by heatwaves in China has increased rapidly since 1979, from about 4000 persons per year in the 1980s to nearly 16000 persons per year in the 2010s.
“Over the past four decades, the main drivers of the large increase in heatwave-related deaths in China are the rapid increase in the frequency of heatwaves, followed by population growth, population aging, and rising baseline mortality (基线死亡率),” said Prof. Huang Cunrui, a researcher from Tsinghua University.
High temperatures would accelerate the loss in soil moisture (水分) and hurt the growth of corn, cotton, trees and fruits. What’s more, each additional degree of warming will increase crop losses to insects by 10-25 percent, threatening food security for billions of people. China has witnessed a range of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall, flooding, tornadoes and record heatwaves this year.
Experts say that while extreme summer heat is not entirely new, these sorts of occurrences could be something that becomes a standard part of life, requiring people to start learning how to cope with heatwaves that may continue for the rest of summer and well into the future.
Remember that even healthy, young athletes can be harmed by extreme heat, so every activity, indoors or outdoors, should be evaluated when extreme heat hits. We are supposed to stay safe during extreme heat events, such as drinking plenty of water, looking for shade or remaining in shade when outside, and avoiding cooking large meals that can add heat to your indoor environment.
8．Compared with the 1980s, the deaths from heatwaves per year in the 2010s has increased by _or so.
A．twice B．three times C．four times D．five times
9．What is the main cause of the increasing heatwave-related deaths in China
A．The larger amount of outdoor workers.
B．The aging of the population.
C．The rise in the number of the total population.
D．The increasing frequency of heatwaves.
10．What does the underlined word “accelerate” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．decline. B．regulate. C．quicken. D．advocate.
11．Where would you be most likely to find this passage
A．In a sports journal. B．In a brochure.
C．In a newspaper. D．On a poster board.
D
Finding a California condor in the wild would be the most unusual treat. perhaps even more unusual than finding a wolf in Yellowstone National Park. In fact, the wolf was what opened my eyes to the fact that humans could bring an animal back to the place where it had disappeared.
In 1987, there were only 27 California condors left, none of which were in the wild, only in captive breeding programs, It was those breeding programs that contributed to their population rise, enough that by 1991 some of them could be freed into the wild.
Still, the hope of seeing a California condor, which remains an endangered species, is very low, let alone getting a photo of one. California condor population dropped mostly due to human factors, such as poaching and living areas destruction-these are challenges California condors still face today.
Although this is just a bird’s-eye view of the challenges California condors face and there are many others, it is part of why the opportunity to work with the US Fish and Wildlife Service team and their partners helping their recovery is so special to me as a photographer. I am not only able to photograph the birds in their wild living areas, but also understand and record how difficult the work is of those people on the front lines of the protection.
I am grateful for the work of the team, and my hope is that California condor population will continue to rise allowing future generations an opportunity I never had when I first got here-to look to the sky and see one flying around.
12．What helped the increase of the California condor population in 1987
A．Rules for hunters. B．Captive breeding programs.
C．The improved natural environment. D．The enlargement of wild living areas.
13．What does the author say about taking photos of a California condor in the wild
A．It is difficult. B．It is easy. C．It is boring. D．It is dangerous.
14．What did the author do when working with the US Fish and Wildlife Service team
A．He guided ways for them. B．He made records by photos.
C．He helped the birds to recover. D．He rebuilt the birds’ living areas.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．New Way, New Hope B．Wolves and California Condors
C．A Photo of a California Condor D．The California Condor’s Coming Back
二、七选五
Looking for a way to connect with nature but you're not sure how to when you live in the city Here are a few ways to live in harmony with nature and reduce your pressure.
Go on a wildlife walk.
There’s lots of urban wildlife for you to discover, so you can reach out to your city park departments to get some valuable information. 16 . A wildlife walk is one of the easiest ways to connect with nature because it helps you to realize that you're surrounded (围绕) by nature.
17 .
Nothing will make you feel as closely connected with the earth as walking without shoes on grass for a couple of minutes. This very direct connection with nature will make you realize that you're part of the huge world, helping you to relax and feel calmer.
Attract nature yourself.
One of the best ways to connect with nature is to make it come to you. 18 . You can also fill some tubs (盆) with flowers to attract butterflies. Create a friendly place for nature and you're sure to attract all kinds of beings passing close to your home.
Create a small garden.
Plants and flowers are part of nature as well and even the tiniest amount of space can be turned into a beautiful garden. If you’ve got a balcony (阳台), fill it with pots full of flowers. 19 . Imagine how satisfying it would be to share them with your friends and family.
Use these tips for connecting with nature and living a more comfortable lifestyle in a big city. 20 .
A．Have a walk in a park
B．Take off your shoes and walk barefoot (赤脚地)
C．You can grow your own vegetables on it as well
D．You can put a bird feeder (喂食器) on your balcony or by your window
E．Meantime, this is the best method of improving your health and well-being
F．They often offer guided walks to help you enjoy the natural beauty in your cities
G．It's a different way of experiencing nature helping you to enjoy it from a different viewpoint
三、完形填空
There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were taking over and the hedges(树篱) 21 needed to be cut back. It looked very terrible. 22 when the neighbors saw their gardens, they just looked at each other and laughed.
It seemed too hard to clear all the gardens and no one could be 23 to make them better because everyone’s garden was equally 24 . No one felt it was urgent to change anything. Then a gardener named Bill 25 in the small town. Bill was a 26 , hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he moved in the street. He took his lawn mower(割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the 27 . Finally, he took up his gardening and started 28 his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc. It was a huge project but his hard work 29 and his garden looked inviting.
30 by the beautiful scenery, the neighbors walked by and admired the 31 manicured(修整的) garden. Before long, something 32 happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more effort in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was transformed from a dirty, 33 collection of houses to a beautiful street that wouldn’t be out of place in a stylish magazine.
One person’s action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little hard work. It’s easy for us to 34 the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only benefits yourself, but also 35 a change to the whole world.
21．A．slightly B．desperately C．barely D．previously
22．A．And B．So C．But D．For
23．A．taken B．bothered C．cooperated D．devoted
24．A．tidy B．delicate C．familiar D．awful
25．A．handed B．stepped C．dominated D．settled
26．A．proud B．distracted C．neat D．selfless
27．A．weeds B．trees C．soil D．plants
28．A．planting B．picking C．watering D．shaping
29．A．took over B．paid off C．turned down D．gave away
30．A．Defeated B．Obsessed C．Enlarged D．Confused
31．A．occasionally B．legally C．newly D．carelessly
32．A．incredible B．unique C．horrible D．unmotivated
33．A．intense B．unappealing C．recognised D．optional
34．A．observe B．mind C．ignore D．pollute
35．A．results in B．figures out C．makes up D．takes in
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With more and more scientists saying we no longer have a climate problem but a climate emergency, the call for all hands to be part 36 the solution is bringing people of all 37 (age) to be ready. Leslie Wharton, spokesperson for Elders Climate Action(ECA), is in the midst of organizing a 38 (grow) number of “old hands” into a nationwide network of people who, instead of just talking, are getting together 39 (close) and taking action.
In 2014, after attending one of Al Gore’s Climate Reality training workshops, Paul Severance, a member of Elders Action Network(EAN), started ECA, which 40 (hold)its first in-person conference in September 2015 in Washington, D．C．, with other climate activist groups. “That’s how I got 41 (involve),” Wharton says. “I was there in 2015 and I just felt such a community, such energy and support and focus, that I was just overwhelmed. At the end, I was given a form that asked if I would be willing to be 42 volunteer. I said yes.” Although most ECA members are in 43 (they) 50s through 80s and even 90s, some are as young as 18.
ECA’s mission is to reach out to older individuals and let them join, so they can use their expertise, experience and knowledge 44 (help) build a sustainable future. Those things can provide the support, encouragement, initiative 45 energy to get more and more people out there doing whatever they can do, right where they are.
五、应用文写作
46．近年来，露营活动逐渐兴起，但也带来了环境和安全等方面的问题。假定你是李华，请以Leave – No – Trace Camping为题目写一封倡议书，号召大家在休闲娱乐的同时爱护环境。
内容包括：
1. 露营造成的问题；
2. 爱护环境的倡议。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Leave-No-Trace Camping
Dear all,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
February 2, 2024选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection
重要题型专练
一、阅读选择
A
Bike-friendly cities around the world
Cycling is kind to the environment so it is an excellent way to take in the city. Here are 4 bike-friendly cities adopting this green mode of transport to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Malm , Sweden
Cycling in Malm is enjoyable due to the relaxed and easy-going manner of most cyclists. The calming atmosphere makes it a great experience, even for nervous riders. A highly recommended bike route is from Ribersborg park to Limhamn Harbour, where riders can take a few good photos of the famous resund Bridge.
Beijing, China
In the 1970s, bicycles were the main mode of transportation for people in Beijing. However, dedicated (专用的) cycle paths for cyclists were limited. Only in May 2019, did the city launch its first achievement in cycling facility is worth a shout-out for a city with over 21 million people.
Bogota, Colombia
Bogota first introduced the concept of cycle path in 1974. The idea sees cars being banned from city roads every Sunday from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m., helping cyclists, runners and walkers exercise safely. Since then, the city has slowly but steadily expanded the program, including setting up dedicated cycle paths. As a result, Bogota now has 550km of bike paths and is the most bike-friendly city in Latin America.
Montréal, Canada
Montréal has already established protected bike paths since the 1980s. BIXI is the city’s bike-sharing system with 9,600 bikes and almost 800 stations. Cyclists can make their visit to the Tour de L’lle Montreal, a yearly bike ride where cyclists take to the streets for a day without any other vehicles being allowed on the roads.
1．Which city will attract cyclists interested in photography
A．Beijing. B．Malm . C．Montréal. D．Bogota.
2．What do Beijing and Bogota have in common
A．Improvement in cycling facility.
B．Shift in primary means of transportation.
C．Regular investment in building bicycle paths.
D．Multiple specific cycle paths connecting districts.
3．What makes Montréal different from other cities
A．The most bike-friendly city. B．The oldest protected bike paths.
C．An annual bicycle event. D．The most calming effect on cyclists.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个采用绿色交通方式来减少温室气体排放的自行车友好型城市。
1．细节理解题。根据Malm , Sweden中的“A highly recommended bike route is from Ribersborg park to Limhamn Harbour, where riders can take a few good photos of the famous resund Bridge.(强烈推荐从Ribersborg公园到Limhamn港的自行车路线，在那里骑车者可以给著名的 resund大桥拍几张照片。)”可知，Malm 会吸引对摄影感兴趣的骑行者，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Beijing, China中的“Only in May 2019, did the city launch its first achievement in cycling facility is worth a shout-out for a city with over 21 million people.(直到2019年5月，这座城市才在自行车设施方面取得了第一个成就，对于一个拥有2100多万人口的城市来说，这是值得称赞的。)”和根据Bogota, Colombia中的“Bogota first introduced the concept of cycle path in 1974. The idea sees cars being banned from city roads every Sunday from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m., helping cyclists, runners and walkers exercise safely. Since then, the city has slowly but steadily expanded the program, including setting up dedicated cycle paths.(Bogota于1974年首次引入了自行车道的概念。根据这一想法，每周日早上7点到下午2点，城市道路上禁止汽车行驶，以帮助骑自行车、跑步和步行的人安全锻炼。从那时起，该市缓慢但稳步地扩大了这一计划，包括建立专用的自行车道。)”可知，北京和Bogota的共同点是都改善了单车设施。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据Montréal, Canada中的“Cyclists can make their visit to the Tour de L’lle Montreal, a yearly bike ride where cyclists take to the streets for a day without any other vehicles being allowed on the roads.(骑自行车的人可以去参加环蒙特利尔自行车赛，这是一年一度的自行车比赛，骑自行车的人在街上骑行一天，其他车辆都不允许上路。)”可知，让蒙特利尔不同于其他城市的是它有一年一度的自行车活动。故选C。
B
Conservation organization Plantlife is urging people to put away their lawnmowers (除草机) for a month and let wild flowers grow instead, as part of its No Mow May project.
Leaving the grass uncut will create a habitat that will benefit bees and other insects, the organization says. Plantlife says lawns could be biodiversity hot-spots if left alone. It says those who participated in its campaign last year reported the growth of more than 250 plant species on their lawns. Among these were wild strawberry and wild garlic. There were also sightings of declining species like green-winged orchids.
One gardener who has been enjoying a more relaxed approach is Tom Jennings, 45, from Buckinghamshire. He says it’s a chance to reconnect with the natural world. “Those fascinated by neat gardens use not only lawnmowers but chemicals.” says Tom.
After letting his back garden grow out, Tom witnessed an explosion of wild flowers—important for pollinators (授粉者) such as bees. Tom says he’s been shocked at how quickly insects have returned to his back garden: an encouraging signal given the global decline of insect populations.
According to Colette Webb, 42, who lives in West Sussex, there are added benefits to letting nature gradually take its course in the garden. “It saves you a bit of time and arguments with the husband about getting the lawnmower out—something my husband hates doing,” she says. “There’s a part of me that thinks the garden is really messy, but when you sit there for some time a day and look at what’s it’s supporting, you realize it’s for the benefit of nature.”
But not everyone is on board with the idea, says David. One of his neighbours is pursuing their own re-wilding project in their own garden—but the other is yet to be convinced. “And my mother, who’s 81, still says it looks untidy,” he laughs.
4．What is the major goal of Plantlife’s No Mow May project
A．Helping promote biodiversity. B．Attracting more garden visitors.
C．Making their gardens look more natural. D．Saving people’s trouble of mowing their gardens.
5．What do we know about Tom Jennings from the text
A．He is crazy about neat gardens.
B．He hates having to cut the grass regularly.
C．He believes the project is increasing the number of insects.
D．He benefited a lot from the decline of insects in his garden.
6．What added benefit did No Mow May project bring to Colette Webb
A．She gets on better with her husband. B．Her husband has come to enjoy gardening.
C．Her garden is no longer as messy as it used to be. D．She has formed the habit of sitting in the garden.
7．Which can be used to replace the underlined part in the last paragraph
A．Shows concern about. B．Makes response to.
C．Agrees with. D．Comes up with.
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国一家名叫 Plantlife 的组织敦促人们把割草机收起来一个月，让自家花园里的花草自由生长，希望这样能更好地保护生物多样性。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Leaving the grass uncut will create a habitat that will benefit bees and other insects, the organization says. Plantlife says lawns could be biodiversity hot-spots if left alone. (该组织表示，不修剪草地将创造一个有利于蜜蜂和其他昆虫的栖息地。Plantlife表示，如果放任不管，草坪可能成为生物多样性的热点。)”可知，这家名叫 Plantlife 的组织开展的“No Mow May project”活动的主要目的是更好地保护生物多样性。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Tom says he’s been shocked at how quickly insects have returned to his back garden: an encouraging signal given the global decline of insect populations.(汤姆说，他对昆虫如此迅速地回到他的后花园感到震惊:考虑到全球昆虫数量的下降，这是一个令人鼓舞的信号)”可推知，汤姆认为这个项目增加了昆虫的数量。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段““It saves you a bit of time and arguments with the husband about getting the lawnmower out—something my husband hates doing,” she says.(她说：“这节省了你和丈夫为弄割草机而争吵的时间——我丈夫讨厌干这种事。”)”可知，参加 Plantlife 的组织开展的“No Mow May project”活动，让自家花园里的花草自由生长以后，Colette Webb跟丈夫的争吵减少了。故选A。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“One of his neighbours is pursuing their own re-wilding project in their own garden—but the other is yet to be convinced. “And my mother, who’s 81, still says it looks untidy,” he laughs.(大卫说。他的一个邻居正在他们自己的花园里进行他们自己的野生动物重建项目，但另一个还没有被说服。他笑着说:“我81岁的母亲仍然说它看起来不整洁。)”可知，but表示转折，即这里说的是反对者的意见，不是每个人都同意这个想法。故划线短语意思是“同意”。故选C。
C
Since the beginning of the summer in 2022, China has been burning hot under the worst heatwave in decades. A number of people in Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces were diagnosed with thermoplegia (热射病), the most severe form of heatstroke, and some even died of this disease.
In a warming world, the risks of heatwaves are increasing. According to a study, the number of deaths caused by heatwaves in China has increased rapidly since 1979, from about 4000 persons per year in the 1980s to nearly 16000 persons per year in the 2010s.
“Over the past four decades, the main drivers of the large increase in heatwave-related deaths in China are the rapid increase in the frequency of heatwaves, followed by population growth, population aging, and rising baseline mortality (基线死亡率),” said Prof. Huang Cunrui, a researcher from Tsinghua University.
High temperatures would accelerate the loss in soil moisture (水分) and hurt the growth of corn, cotton, trees and fruits. What’s more, each additional degree of warming will increase crop losses to insects by 10-25 percent, threatening food security for billions of people. China has witnessed a range of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall, flooding, tornadoes and record heatwaves this year.
Experts say that while extreme summer heat is not entirely new, these sorts of occurrences could be something that becomes a standard part of life, requiring people to start learning how to cope with heatwaves that may continue for the rest of summer and well into the future.
Remember that even healthy, young athletes can be harmed by extreme heat, so every activity, indoors or outdoors, should be evaluated when extreme heat hits. We are supposed to stay safe during extreme heat events, such as drinking plenty of water, looking for shade or remaining in shade when outside, and avoiding cooking large meals that can add heat to your indoor environment.
8．Compared with the 1980s, the deaths from heatwaves per year in the 2010s has increased by _or so.
A．twice B．three times C．four times D．five times
9．What is the main cause of the increasing heatwave-related deaths in China
A．The larger amount of outdoor workers.
B．The aging of the population.
C．The rise in the number of the total population.
D．The increasing frequency of heatwaves.
10．What does the underlined word “accelerate” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．decline. B．regulate. C．quicken. D．advocate.
11．Where would you be most likely to find this passage
A．In a sports journal. B．In a brochure.
C．In a newspaper. D．On a poster board.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了自2022年夏初以来，中国一直处于几十年来最严重的热浪之下，同时文章说明了热浪所造成的危害以及应对的措施。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a study, the number of deaths caused by heatwaves in China has increased rapidly since 1979, from about 4000 persons per year in the 1980s to nearly 16000 persons per year in the 2010s.(根据一项研究，自1979年以来，中国因热浪造成的死亡人数迅速增加，从20世纪80年代的每年约4000人增加到2010年代的每年近16000人。)”可知，与20世纪80年代相比，2010年代每年死于热浪的人数增加的是“（16000-4000）÷4000=3倍”，故选B。
9．细节理解题。 根据第三段中“Over the past four decades, the main drivers of the large increase in heatwave-related deaths in China are the rapid increase in the frequency of heatwaves.(过去40年里，中国与热浪相关的死亡人数大幅增加的主要驱动因素是热浪发生频率的迅速增加。)”可知，中国与热浪相关的死亡人数大幅增加的主要驱动因素是热浪发生频率的迅速增加。故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据第四段“High temperatures(高温)”和“the loss in soil moisture(土壤水分的流失)”可知，高温会加速土壤水分的流失，因此划线词accelerate的意思是“加速”，和quicken意思相近，故选C。
11．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Since the beginning of the summer in 2022, China has been burning hot under the worst heatwave in decades. A number of people in Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces were diagnosed with thermoplegia (热射病), the most severe form of heatstroke, and some even died of this disease.(自2022年入夏以来，中国遭遇了几十年来最严重的热浪。浙江、河南、江苏和四川等省的一些人被诊断为热截瘫，这是最严重的中暑形式，有些人甚至死于这种疾病。)”可知，本文主要讲的是自2022年夏初以来，中国一直处于几十年来最严重的热浪之下，同时文章说明了热浪所造成的危害以及应对的措施，文章具有时效性，是新闻报道，因此最有可能在报纸上读到。故选C。
D
Finding a California condor in the wild would be the most unusual treat. perhaps even more unusual than finding a wolf in Yellowstone National Park. In fact, the wolf was what opened my eyes to the fact that humans could bring an animal back to the place where it had disappeared.
In 1987, there were only 27 California condors left, none of which were in the wild, only in captive breeding programs, It was those breeding programs that contributed to their population rise, enough that by 1991 some of them could be freed into the wild.
Still, the hope of seeing a California condor, which remains an endangered species, is very low, let alone getting a photo of one. California condor population dropped mostly due to human factors, such as poaching and living areas destruction-these are challenges California condors still face today.
Although this is just a bird’s-eye view of the challenges California condors face and there are many others, it is part of why the opportunity to work with the US Fish and Wildlife Service team and their partners helping their recovery is so special to me as a photographer. I am not only able to photograph the birds in their wild living areas, but also understand and record how difficult the work is of those people on the front lines of the protection.
I am grateful for the work of the team, and my hope is that California condor population will continue to rise allowing future generations an opportunity I never had when I first got here-to look to the sky and see one flying around.
12．What helped the increase of the California condor population in 1987
A．Rules for hunters. B．Captive breeding programs.
C．The improved natural environment. D．The enlargement of wild living areas.
13．What does the author say about taking photos of a California condor in the wild
A．It is difficult. B．It is easy. C．It is boring. D．It is dangerous.
14．What did the author do when working with the US Fish and Wildlife Service team
A．He guided ways for them. B．He made records by photos.
C．He helped the birds to recover. D．He rebuilt the birds’ living areas.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．New Way, New Hope B．Wolves and California Condors
C．A Photo of a California Condor D．The California Condor’s Coming Back
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了圈养繁殖项目促进了加州秃鹰数量的增加，而作者通过与美国鱼类和野生动物管理局合作，从事拍摄秃鹰的工作。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1987, there were only 27 California condors left, none of which were in the wild, only in captive breeding programs, It was those breeding programs that contributed to their population rise, enough that by 1991 some of them could be freed into the wild.(1987年，只剩下27只加州秃鹰，没有一只是在野外的，只有圈养繁殖项目。正是这些繁殖项目促进了它们的数量增长，到1991年，其中一些秃鹰可以被释放到野外)”可知，圈养繁殖计划促成了1987年加州秃鹰数量的增加。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Still, the hope of seeing a California condor, which remains an endangered species, is very low, let alone getting a photo of one.(尽管如此，看到加州秃鹰的希望非常渺茫，更不用说给它拍照了)”可知，作者认为在野外拍摄加州秃鹰很难。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I am not only able to photograph the birds in their wild living areas, but also understand and record how difficult the work is of those people on the front lines of the protection.(我不仅能够拍摄野生栖息地的鸟类，还能够了解和记录那些在保护第一线的人的工作有多困难)”可知，作者通过照片做记录与美国鱼类和野生动物管理局团队合作。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I am grateful for the work of the team, and my hope is that California condor population will continue to rise allowing future generations an opportunity I never had when I first got here-to look to the sky and see one flying around.(我很感激这个团队的工作，我希望加州秃鹰的数量能继续增加，让后代有机会看到天空中飞来飞去，这是我刚到这里时从未有过的)”结合文章主要介绍了圈养繁殖项目促进了加州秃鹰数量的增加，而作者通过与美国鱼类和野生动物管理局合作，从事拍摄秃鹰的工作。可知，D选项“加州秃鹰回来了”最符合文章标题。故选D。
二、七选五
Looking for a way to connect with nature but you're not sure how to when you live in the city Here are a few ways to live in harmony with nature and reduce your pressure.
Go on a wildlife walk.
There’s lots of urban wildlife for you to discover, so you can reach out to your city park departments to get some valuable information. 16 . A wildlife walk is one of the easiest ways to connect with nature because it helps you to realize that you're surrounded (围绕) by nature.
17 .
Nothing will make you feel as closely connected with the earth as walking without shoes on grass for a couple of minutes. This very direct connection with nature will make you realize that you're part of the huge world, helping you to relax and feel calmer.
Attract nature yourself.
One of the best ways to connect with nature is to make it come to you. 18 . You can also fill some tubs (盆) with flowers to attract butterflies. Create a friendly place for nature and you're sure to attract all kinds of beings passing close to your home.
Create a small garden.
Plants and flowers are part of nature as well and even the tiniest amount of space can be turned into a beautiful garden. If you’ve got a balcony (阳台), fill it with pots full of flowers. 19 . Imagine how satisfying it would be to share them with your friends and family.
Use these tips for connecting with nature and living a more comfortable lifestyle in a big city. 20 .
A．Have a walk in a park
B．Take off your shoes and walk barefoot (赤脚地)
C．You can grow your own vegetables on it as well
D．You can put a bird feeder (喂食器) on your balcony or by your window
E．Meantime, this is the best method of improving your health and well-being
F．They often offer guided walks to help you enjoy the natural beauty in your cities
G．It's a different way of experiencing nature helping you to enjoy it from a different viewpoint
【答案】16．F 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生活在城市里亲近大自然，与大自然和谐相处降低压力的几条建议。
16．根据段落标题“Go on a wildlife walk(去野外散步)”可知，本段建议进行发现野生动物的散步，空前提到“you can reach out to your city park departments to get some valuable information(你可以向你市公园部门获取一些有价值的信息)”说明你可以从市公园部门获取一些有效信息，F项“他们通常提供一些指导性的漫步，帮你享受你所在城市的自然之美”承接上文，符合题意。F项中的They指代上文中的“your city park departments”。故选F项。
17．空格处为段落标题。根据下文“Nothing will make you feel as closely connected with earth as walking without shoes on grass for a couple of minutes.( 没有什么比不穿鞋在草地上走几分钟更能让你感觉与地球紧密相连的了)”可知，本段建议在草地上不穿鞋子的行走，B项中的“walk barefoot” 符合，因此推断B项“脱下鞋，赤脚走路”为段落标题。故选B项。
18．上文“One of the best ways to connect with nature is to make it come to you.(与自然建立联系的最好方法之一就是让它来到你身边)”说明接近自然的最好的方法之一是让自然来到你身边，下文“You can also fill some tubs (盆) with flowers to attract butterflies. (你也可以在一些盆里种满花来吸引蝴蝶)”建议了一种方式，用养花的盆来吸引蝴蝶，因此推断空格处应该也是选择一种方式来吸引某个事物，D项“你可以在阳台上或窗户上放一个喂鸟器”符合语境，用喂鸟器来吸引鸟类，也是一种大自然来到身边的方式，和用花盆来吸引蝴蝶并列。故选D项。
19．上文“If you’ve got a balcony (阳台), fill it with pots full of flowers.(如果你有一个阳台，放满花盆)”意为种植一些花，又因下文的them可知，横线处应该代表种植某种植物，结合选项，C项“你也可以在它上面自己种蔬菜”符合语境，vegetable和flower相对应，故选C项。
20．空格处是文章最后一句，根据上文“Use these tips for connecting with nature and living a more comfortable lifestyle in a big city.(使用这些技巧与大自然联系，在大城市过上更舒适的生活方式)”可知，应该填写一句总结性的话，全文都在解释亲近自然的好处，所以应该首尾呼应，也应该填亲近自然的好处之类的选项，根据选项的意思，E项“同时，这是改善你的健康和健康的最佳方法”符合语境，“the best method”指的是和自然和谐相处的方式，符合首尾呼应的原则，故选E项。
三、完形填空
There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were taking over and the hedges(树篱) 21 needed to be cut back. It looked very terrible. 22 when the neighbors saw their gardens, they just looked at each other and laughed.
It seemed too hard to clear all the gardens and no one could be 23 to make them better because everyone’s garden was equally 24 . No one felt it was urgent to change anything. Then a gardener named Bill 25 in the small town. Bill was a 26 , hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he moved in the street. He took his lawn mower(割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the 27 . Finally, he took up his gardening and started 28 his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc. It was a huge project but his hard work 29 and his garden looked inviting.
30 by the beautiful scenery, the neighbors walked by and admired the 31 manicured(修整的) garden. Before long, something 32 happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more effort in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was transformed from a dirty, 33 collection of houses to a beautiful street that wouldn’t be out of place in a stylish magazine.
One person’s action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little hard work. It’s easy for us to 34 the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only benefits yourself, but also 35 a change to the whole world.
21．A．slightly B．desperately C．barely D．previously
22．A．And B．So C．But D．For
23．A．taken B．bothered C．cooperated D．devoted
24．A．tidy B．delicate C．familiar D．awful
25．A．handed B．stepped C．dominated D．settled
26．A．proud B．distracted C．neat D．selfless
27．A．weeds B．trees C．soil D．plants
28．A．planting B．picking C．watering D．shaping
29．A．took over B．paid off C．turned down D．gave away
30．A．Defeated B．Obsessed C．Enlarged D．Confused
31．A．occasionally B．legally C．newly D．carelessly
32．A．incredible B．unique C．horrible D．unmotivated
33．A．intense B．unappealing C．recognised D．optional
34．A．observe B．mind C．ignore D．pollute
35．A．results in B．figures out C．makes up D．takes in
【答案】
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．B 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了曾经一条街道上的花园被荒废了，草坪生长过剩，杂草丛生，树篱也急需修剪，但是人们却不愿意做出改变。一个叫Bill的园艺师搬来后，动手修整了自己的花园，被美丽的花园所感动，这里的人们开始做出改变，花园重新变得吸引人。原来，一个积极的小举动，不仅使自己受益，还会对世界产生影响。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：草坪生长过剩，杂草丛生，树篱急需修剪。A. slightly稍微，轻微地；B. desperately拼命地，非常，极其；C. barely勉强才能，几乎不；D. previously以前地，先前地。根据前文“The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were taking over(草坪生长过剩，杂草丛生)”可知，这个花园里的植物过于茂盛，由此推知，树篱应也是生长茂盛，需要修剪，用副词“desperately”表达“极其，非常”含义，可起到加强语气的作用。故选B项。
22．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但当邻居们看到他们的花园时，他们只是看着对方笑了。A. And和，而且；B. So因此，所以；C. But但是；D. For因为。根据后文“when the neighbors saw their gardens, they just looked at each other and laughed(当邻居们看到他们的花园时，他们只是面面相觑，笑了)”可知，尽管花园很糟糕，但是没有人真正在意。因此，这里应是表达转折。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：清理所有的花园似乎太难了，没有人愿意让它们变得更好，因为每个人的花园都同样糟糕。A. taken带走，拿走；B. bothered费心的，烦恼的；C. cooperated合作；D. devoted奉献的，热爱的。根据前文“It seemed too hard to clear all the gardens(清理所有的花园似乎太难了)”以及后文“because everyone’s garden was equally…(因为每个人的花园都是一样的)”可知，要清理所有的花园是很难的，而每家的花园都是一样很糟糕，因此，没有人愿意费心去做这件事。“be bothered to do”，意为“费心做某事”，符合语境表达。故选B项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：清理所有的花园似乎太难了，没有人愿意让它们变得更好，因为每个人的花园都同样糟糕。A. tidy整洁的，有条理的；B. delicate精致的，熟练的；C. familiar熟练的，熟悉的；D. awful极讨厌的，糟糕的。根据前文“There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens.(从前在郊区有一条普通的街道，那里没有人关心他们的花园。)”可知，这里的每家的花园都是很杂乱的，糟糕的。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后一个叫Bill的园丁在小镇上定居下来。A. handed交，递，给；B. stepped迈步，行走；C. dominated支配，控制；D. settled解决，定居。根据后文“as soon as he moved in the street(他一搬到街上)”可知，Bill住进了这个小镇，“settle in”，意为“安定下来，安家”，符合语境。故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Bill是一个爱整洁、勤奋、有耐心的人，他一搬到街上就开始在花园里工作。A. proud骄傲的，自豪的；B. distracted注意力分散的，心烦意乱的；C. neat爱整洁的，整齐的；D. selfless无私的。根据后文“who started working in the garden as soon as he moved in the street(一搬到街上就开始在花园里干活的人)”可知，Bill开始整理花园，他是一个爱整洁的人。故选C项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他拿出割草机割草，把所有的杂草都拔了出来。A. weeds杂草，野草；B. trees树；C. soil土壤；D. plants植物。根据前文的动作“pulled out (拔出)”可推知，这里应是表达“拔野草”。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他开始从事园艺工作，开始塑形树篱，使它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球等。A. planting种植；B. picking挑选，采摘；C. watering浇水；D. shaping决定……的形成，塑造。根据后文“making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls…(让它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球……)”可知，他给树篱进行了修剪造型。故选D项。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是一个巨大的工程，但他的辛勤工作得到了回报，他的花园看起来很吸引人。A. took over接管，接手；B. paid off还清，得到好结果；C. turned down调小音量，拒绝；D. gave away赠送，泄露。根据后文“his garden looked inviting(他的花园看起来很吸引人)”可知，他的辛苦努力没有白费，得到了好的结果。故选B项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们被美丽的景色迷住了，从旁边走过，欣赏着新修剪过的花园。A. Defeated击败，挫败；B. Obsessed使痴迷，使着迷；C. Enlarged扩大，增大；D. Confused使糊涂，使迷惑。根据前文“his garden looked inviting(他的花园看起来很吸引人)”可知，他的花园很吸引人，邻居们也被吸引了。故选B项。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：邻居们被美丽的景色迷住了，从旁边走过，欣赏着新修剪过的花园。A. occasionally偶然，偶尔；B. legally合法地；C. newly最近，新近；D. carelessly粗心地，马虎地。根据前文“____10____ by the beautiful scenery, the neighbors walked by(被美丽的景色迷住了的邻居们走过)”可知，邻居们应该对这个新搬来的Bill新修剪的花园很欣赏和羡慕。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不久，不可思议的事情发生了。A. incredible不可思议的，难以置信的；B. unique独特的，独一无二的；C. horrible可怕的，恐怖的；D. unmotivated对（工作等）不感兴趣的，没有理由的。分析可知，与前文“No one felt it was urgent to change anything.(没有人觉得改变什么是迫切的。)”提及没有人想要改变相比，这里“One by one, the neighbors started to put in more effort in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again.(邻居们一个接一个地开始在自己的花园里花更多的精力，割草机的声音又可以听到了。)”提到的大家开始修剪自己的花园是一件不可思议的事情。故选A项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，这条街从一个肮脏、没有吸引力的房屋聚集地变成了一条美丽的街道，在时尚杂志上也不会显得格格不入。A. intense很大的，强烈的，紧张的；B. unappealing不能打动人的，无吸引力的；C. recognised认可的；D. optional可选择的，选修的。根据前文“It looked very terrible.(它看起来非常糟糕。)”可知，大家的花园之前很糟糕，无吸引力。故选B项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易忽视周围的环境，因为没有人关心它。A. observe观察，遵从，庆祝；B. mind介意；C. ignore忽略，不理睬；D. pollute污染。根据后文“because no one else cares about it(因为没人在乎它)”可知，因为不在意，不关心，环境就会很容易被忽视。故选C项。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：记住，你积极做的事情不仅对你自己有益，也会导致改变整个世界。A. results in导致；B. figures out想出，弄明白；C. makes up构成，编造，弥补；D. takes in吸收。根据后文“a change to the whole world(对整个世界的改变)”并结合文章内容可知，一些积极的行为还会给世界带来改变。故选A项。
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With more and more scientists saying we no longer have a climate problem but a climate emergency, the call for all hands to be part 36 the solution is bringing people of all 37 (age) to be ready. Leslie Wharton, spokesperson for Elders Climate Action(ECA), is in the midst of organizing a 38 (grow) number of “old hands” into a nationwide network of people who, instead of just talking, are getting together 39 (close) and taking action.
In 2014, after attending one of Al Gore’s Climate Reality training workshops, Paul Severance, a member of Elders Action Network(EAN), started ECA, which 40 (hold)its first in-person conference in September 2015 in Washington, D．C．, with other climate activist groups. “That’s how I got 41 (involve),” Wharton says. “I was there in 2015 and I just felt such a community, such energy and support and focus, that I was just overwhelmed. At the end, I was given a form that asked if I would be willing to be 42 volunteer. I said yes.” Although most ECA members are in 43 (they) 50s through 80s and even 90s, some are as young as 18.
ECA’s mission is to reach out to older individuals and let them join, so they can use their expertise, experience and knowledge 44 (help) build a sustainable future. Those things can provide the support, encouragement, initiative 45 energy to get more and more people out there doing whatever they can do, right where they are.
【答案】
36．of 37．ages 38．growing 39．closely 40．held 41．involved 42．a 43．their 44．to help 45．and
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了老年人气候行动组织（ECA）的成立、目标以及成员的积极参与，通过描述组织的发展和成员的个人经历，展示了老年人在应对气候变化问题上的积极态度和行动力。
36．考查短语。句意：随着越来越多的科学家表示，我们面临的不再是气候问题，而是气候紧急情况，呼吁所有人都参与到解决方案中来，让所有年龄段的人都做好准备。短语：part of，意为“……的部分”，符合句意。故填of。
37．考查名词的数。句意：随着越来越多的科学家表示，我们面临的不再是气候问题，而是气候紧急情况，呼吁所有人都参与到解决方案中来，让所有年龄段的人都做好准备。根据空前的“all”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填ages。
38．考查形容词。句意：老年人气候行动组织(ECA)的发言人Leslie Wharton正在将越来越多的“老手”组织成一个全国性的网络，这些人不再只是空谈，而是紧密地聚集在一起，采取行动。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰空后的名词“number”，用形容词“growing”，意为“越来越多的……”。故填growing。
39．考查副词。句意：老年人气候行动组织(ECA)的发言人Leslie Wharton正在将越来越多的“老手”组织成一个全国性的网络，这些人不再只是空谈，而是紧密地聚集在一起，采取行动。分析句子成分可知，修饰动词“get together”用副词形式，意为“紧密地”，用closely。故填closely。
40．考查时态。句意：2014年，在参加了Al Gore的气候现实培训研讨会后，老年人行动网络(EAN)的成员Paul Severance创办了ECA，并于2015年9月与其他气候活动家团体在华盛顿特区举行了第一次面对面会议。这里为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in September 2015”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填held。
41．考查固定搭配。句意：这就是我如何参与其中的。固定搭配“get involved”，意为“参与……”，符合句意。故填involved。
42．考查冠词。句意：最后，他们给了我一张表格，问我是否愿意成为一名志愿者。修饰单数可数名词“volunteer”，表示泛指“一名志愿者”，用不定冠词。volunteer首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
43．考查代词。句意：虽然大多数ECA成员都是50到80岁，甚至90多岁，但有些人只有18岁。根据句意可知，空处为形容词性物主代词，构成固定搭配：in one’s 50s，意为“在某人50多岁”，符合句意。故填their。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：ECA的使命是联系老年人并让他们加入，这样他们就可以利用自己的专业知识、经验和知识来帮助建设可持续的未来。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to help。
45．考查连词。句意：这些东西可以提供支持、鼓励、主动性和能量，让越来越多的人在他们所在的地方做他们能做的事情。空前“the support, encouragement, initiative”和空后“energy”之间为并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。
五、应用文写作
46．近年来，露营活动逐渐兴起，但也带来了环境和安全等方面的问题。假定你是李华，请以Leave – No – Trace Camping为题目写一封倡议书，号召大家在休闲娱乐的同时爱护环境。
内容包括：
1. 露营造成的问题；
2. 爱护环境的倡议。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Leave-No-Trace Camping
Dear all,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
February 2, 2024
【答案】范文
Leave-No-Trace Camping
Dear all,
In recent years, camping has become increasingly popular as a recreational activity. However, it has brought about various environmental and safety issues.
Improper disposal of trash pollutes the environment and harms wildlife. Additionally, campfires that are not properly extinguished can lead to wildfires and devastate ecosystems.
To address these problems and promote environmental conservation, I propose the following initiatives. Firstly, let’s make a conscious effort to pack out everything we bring in and properly dispose of garbage in waste bins. Secondly, to be cautious, ensuring campfires completely extinguished before leaving the site. In addition, you’re merciful to avoid disturbing animals’ habitats, and stay on appointed trails to minimize any potential damage to fragile vegetation.
Let us join hands in preserving environment while enjoying ourselves outdoors.
Li Hua
Februray 2, 2024
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以Leave-No-Trace Camping为题目写一封倡议书，号召大家在休闲娱乐的同时爱护环境。
【详解】1.词汇积累
活动：activity→event
此外：additionally→besides
保护：preserve→protect
各种各样的：various→a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To address these problems and promote environmental conservation, I propose the following initiatives.
拓展句：I propose the following initiatives that can address these problems and promote environmental conservation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Additionally, campfires that are not properly extinguished can lead to wildfires and devastate ecosystems. (运用了that引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] To address these problems and promote environmental conservation, I propose the following initiatives. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
