Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课后·训练提升
一、单句语法填空
1.The bird (release) from the cage and flew away.
答案was released
2.Buses run (frequent) from the city to the airport.
答案frequently
3.We had an anxious couple of weeks (wait) for the results of the experiment.
答案waiting
4.Before this play (broadcast) several cuts must be made.
答案is broadcast
5. (sustain) development is the common target of human beings.
答案Sustainable
6.The swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without (restrict).
答案restriction
7.They got lost in the desert and starved death.
答案to
8.Parents have a very great impact their children.
答案on/upon
9.The fact he was foreign made it difficult for him to get a job.
答案that
二、句型转换
1.Nothing great was ever achieved if there is no hard work.
→Nothing great was ever achieved .
答案without hard work
2.Your success has resulted from your great efforts.
→Your great efforts your success.
答案have resulted in
3.He was considered to be a model teacher.
→He .
答案was considered a model teacher
4.He will be sure to pass the driving test.
→ he will pass the driving test.
答案There is little/no doubt that
5.The fire lasted nearly a month and left nothing valuable.
→The fire lasted nearly a month, .
答案leaving nothing valuable
三、阅读理解
Rising sea levels,extremes of weather and more droughts and floods will all destroy the world’s energy systems as global warming picks up its pace,a new report has found.
Energy companies are quite often cited as part of the problem of climate change,generating the lion’s share of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions,amounting to around 60% of the total.But they will also suffer as global warming worsens.
Many large plants are particularly threatened by floods because they lack protection from sudden storms.Electricity distribution networks are also likely to be affected.
Christoph Frei,secretary general of WEC,said governments must play a key role in ensuring the world’s important infrastructure is protected.Climate change is certain to affect the energy sector.We need powerful policy frameworks to unlock the long-term investments that are urgently needed to deliver the future we want.Leadership will be required at all levels.
Despite efforts to increase energy efficiency,the amount of energy used globally is still set to rise.But the effects of this could be reduced if companies spend more energy on renewable and low-carbon forms of energy.
However,there is little sign so far that energy companies around the world have got this message.Fossil fuels continue to dominate new investment in energy generation capacity,according to the International Energy Agency.Besides,we have failed in creating a global price for carbon emissions,which could help to reverse this trend.
Another key focus must be energy distribution networks,according to the report,as new technology can be used to make them “smart”,saving energy by distributing energy from generators to users in more intelligent ways.
“The time has come to get real about the challenges facing the energy sector,” Frei said.
Philipes Joubert,executive chairman of WEC’s global electricity initiative,and former president of Alstom Power,said large companies are taking note.“Leading businesses in this sector are increasingly realising that business as usual is no longer acceptable.”
1.The energy companies are also sufferers because .
A.they are responsible for climate change
B.their greenhouse gas emissions make up 60% of the total
C.some sudden natural disasters have a great effect on them
D.the government provides no protection for them
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Many large plants are particularly threatened by floods because they lack protection from sudden storms.”可知,一些突发的自然灾害对于能源公司有巨大的影响,故选C项。
2.What does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph refer to
A.Noticing. B.Missing.
C.Writing. D.Arguing.
答案A
解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句“Leading businesses in this sector are increasingly realising that business as usual is no longer acceptable.”可知,这一领域的主要企业已经日益意识到常规生产是难以接受的。说明他们已经注意到了这一严重的问题,故选A项。
3.What is the author’s attitude towards the present energy systems
A.Positive. B.Concerned.
C.Optimistic. D.Uncertain.
答案B
解析观点态度题。根据文章内容以及倒数第二段中的“The time has come to get real about the challenges facing the energy sector”可知,作者对此还是很关切的,故选B项。
4.What can be the best title for this passage
A.Energy Companies Are to Blame for Their Behaviour
B.Renewable and Low-carbon Forms of Energy Will Be a Trend
C.Energy Distribution Networks Must Be Smarter
D.The World’s Energy Systems Suffer From Climate Change
答案D
解析标题归纳题。根据文章首段中的“Rising sea levels,extremes of weather and more droughts and floods will all destroy the world’s energy systems as global warming picks up its pace”可知,海平面上升、极端天气以及更多的干旱和洪水等自然灾害都在破坏着世界的能源系统,加速了全球变暖的进程。故选D项。
四、七选五阅读理解
Conservation requires the reasonable use of all Earth’s natural resources.People who are concerned about conservation try their best to protect natural resources.
Some resources are renewable. 1 But renewable resources can still be damaged or destroyed.For example,people may catch too many of one type of fish.If not enough fish are left,that type of fish might die out.Conservation helps people keep renewable resources in good supply.
Some resources are non-renewable,which means they cannot be replaced.Fossil fuels,such as coal and oil,are examples of non-renewable resources.People can conserve non-renewable resources by using them carefully. 2
3 For example,cars make travel easy,but they also produce a lot of air pollution.To have clean air,people can choose to drive less and walk more.Such changes can be tough when people have gotten used to a certain lifestyle.
Money is another reason why conservation can be a challenge.For example,a timber (木材) company might be able to protect forest animals by limiting the number of trees it cuts. 4
Everyone can contribute to conservation in one way or another.People can recycle paper,glass,and other materials. 5 Governments can make laws that help to keep the air and water clean.
A.Industries can limit the amount of pollution they create.
B.They also try to keep the environment clean and healthy.
C.But it might not be willing to do so because it will make less profits.
D.Recycling saves resources by reusing materials that would be thrown away.
E.They can also look for other alternative resources that serve the same purpose.
F.Conservation can be hard because it can require people to give up some conveniences.
G.Living things,such as plants and animals are such examples because they can reproduce themselves.
答案1.G 2.E 3.F 4.C 5.A
五、写作
为了加强学生们的环保意识,防止全球变暖,美化自己的家乡,你校打算开展以“为家乡环保出谋献策”为主题的环保征文活动,警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇短文,参加征文活动。
内容要点如下:
1.分析家乡环境问题的原因;
2.建设绿色家乡,建议采取什么措施(至少3点);
3.倡议大家行动起来。
注意:1.写作词数80左右;开头已给出,不计入总词数。
2.家乡的名称不要出现在作文中。
With the development of our economy,there are a lot of problems like ________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
With the development of our economy,there are a lot of problems like natural disasters,global warming,pollution and so on.It is mainly because of people’s behaviours.
It is high time for us to take some effective measures.First,our government should do something to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Besides,we should form a habit of saving energy such as turning off the tap after it is used,using public transportation and recycling the waste.In addition,we can plant trees to beautify our hometown.
Protecting the environment is a duty for everyone.Let’s spare no effort to make contributions to protecting the environment of our hometown.Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
课后·训练提升
一、选词填空
rather than die out be responsible for
bring about on behalf of
1.She the determination of wage levels within this company.
答案is responsible for
2.In the meeting he spoke all the members of the company.
答案on behalf of
3.I always prefer starting early, leaving everything to the last minute.
答案rather than
4.Elephants would if men could shoot them as many as they wished.
答案die out
5.The only way that they can political change is to put pressure on the country.
答案bring about
二、把下列句子变成间接引语
1.He said,“I repaired the watch yesterday.”
_____________________________________________________________________________
答案He said that he had repaired the watch the day before.
2.“I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” he said.
_____________________________________________________________________________
答案He said that he hadn’t heard from his parents those days.
3.“Had the train left when you arrived at the station ” Kate’s mother asked her.
_____________________________________________________________________________
答案Kate’s mother asked her whether/if the train had left when she arrived at the station.
4.He asked me,“Where do you think I can find the disc ”
_____________________________________________________________________________
答案He asked me where I thought he could find the disc.
5.“Light travels faster than sound,” the teacher said.
_____________________________________________________________________________
答案The teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound.
三、七选五阅读理解
Schools consume a large amount of energy,which has a bad effect on the environment. 1 ,there are lots of ways that you can help your school save energy.Look for simple changes your school can make and band together with others to make an even bigger effect.
2 .Even something as simple as turning off the lights when you leave a room can help to save energy.Turn off the lights in classrooms that are not being used and in other areas,such as empty bathrooms and unoccupied multi-purpose rooms.
Use natural light when the sun is bright.It may not always be necessary for you to have the lights on in your classroom.There may be times of day when the sun is especially bright and enough for what you are doing in your classroom. 3 .
Set up a recycling station at your school.Recycling is a great way to save energy because it reduces the need to produce new materials. 4 ,then ask your school headmaster if you can set one up.
Get others to participate. 5 .Either as an individual or as a team,you can create and put up signs around your school.Try using signs that remind people of things they can do to save energy and also some signs that raise awareness of saving energy.
A.If your school does not have one
B.Post signs about conserving energy
C.Whether you are a teacher or a student
D.Turn off your computer when it’s not used
E.Shut down the lights when rooms are not in use
F.Other times of day you might only need half of the lights
G.If your school’s garbage company offers recycling services
答案1.C 2.E 3.F 4.A 5.B
四、完形填空
With the rise of social media in recent years,young people around the globe have easy access to shocking 1 about how we’re currently 2 to look after the Earth.Websites provide accessible information about 3 matters that quickly have millions of views,and links to new scientific information are easily 4 .But,it’s not just online research that uncovers the 5 ,and it’s not a 6 threat either.Climate change is happening around us;our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.
Of course,just because 7 people are now readily armed with such information.It doesn’t mean all 8 will eagerly listen to them.Many 9 young activists simply due to their age,and others still aren’t willing to see the environmental 10 we face,but that doesn’t mean a 11 can’t be made.
In fact,there are some 12 to being a young environmentalist.A study on participants aged 16-24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being 13 due to the lack of financial problems.Young activists not only aren’t 14 by busy schedules being forced on them,but they also have a simple-hearted view of what’s going on and,being 15 from politics,they often say what adults aren’t willing to.
1.A.comment B.information
C.knowledge D.feeling
答案B
解析根据后文中“about how we’re currently...to look after the Earth.”可知,此处是指接触到令人震惊的信息。故选B项。
2.A.failing B.continuing
C.managing D.stopping
答案A
解析根据后文中“Climate change is happening around us;our oceans are 30 percent more acidic and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.”可知,此处是指我们目前未能照顾好地球。故选A项。
3.A.financial B.political
C.environmental D.technical
答案C
解析此处是指关于环境问题的信息。故选C项。
4.A.shared B.added
C.included D.selected
答案A
解析根据主语links to new scientific information可知,此处是指链接分享。故选A项。
5.A.secret B.history
C.source D.truth
答案D
解析根据“about how we’re currently to look after the Earth.(关于目前我们是如何未能照顾好地球)”可知,此处是指在线研究揭露了这个真相。故选D项。
6.A.serious B.distant
C.public D.common
答案B
解析根据后文中“Climate change is happening around us;our oceans are 30 percent more acidic and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.”可知,现在问题严重,所以威胁并不遥远。故选B项。
7.A.strong B.smart
C.young D.local
答案C
解析根据前文中“With the rise of social media in recent years,young people around the globe have easy access to shocking about how we’re currently to look after the Earth.”可知,此处是指年轻人现在已经掌握了这些信息。故选C项。
8.A.adults B.children
C.scientists D.activists
答案A
解析根据“A study on participants aged 16-24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being due to the lack of financial problems.”可知,此处是指并不意味着所有的成年人都会热切地倾听他们。故选A项。
9.A.wear down B.believe in
C.know about D.write off
答案D
解析根据前文中“Of course,just because people are now readily armed with such information.It doesn’t mean all will eagerly listen to them.”可知,此处是指许多人因为年龄的原因就把年轻的活动人士排除在外。故选D项。
10.A.benefits B.protection
C.challenges D.education
答案C
解析此处指我们面临着环境的挑战。故选C项。
11.A.difference B.decision
C.deal D.choice
答案A
解析根据转折词but可知,此处是指这并不意味着我们不能做出改变。make a difference意为“做出改变”。故选A项。
12.A.advantages B.limits
C.keys D.purposes
答案A
解析根据后文中“Young activists not only aren’t by busy schedules being forced on them,but they also have a simple-hearted view of what’s going on”可知,此处是指做一个年轻的环保主义者有一些优势。故选A项。
13.A.more friendly B.more trustworthy
C.poorer D.busier
答案B
解析根据后文中“due to the lack of financial problems”可知,此处是指年轻人更值得信任。故选B项。
14.A.supported B.treated
C.paid D.influenced
答案D
解析根据busy schedules being forced on them可知,此处是指不受繁忙事务影响。故选D项。
15.A.safe B.tired
C.free D.absent
答案C
解析根据后文中“they often say what adults aren’t willing to”可知,他们不受政治影响。故选C项。
五、语篇填空
What are microplastics(塑料微粒)and where do they come from Every year,there are millions of tons of microplastic particles 1. (introduce) to our oceans.The 2. (analyse) of this pollution is 3. (important)and urgent than ever.
They are in our oceans,rivers and lakes 4. we are facing a serious problem.The 5. (increase)pollution by microplastics finds its way into our food chain through marine animals and plants or drinking water.
These pollutions are of different 6. (origin).Some of them come 7. the large amount of plastic waste that floats in our seas.There are also ingredients of cosmetic products that gather in our water through waste water.
Almost daily,8. list of places where microplastics 9. (find) in high concentrations is extended.Riverbeds,soils and even drinking water also show 10. (notice) amounts of pollution.
答案1.introduced 2.analysis 3.more important 4.so
5.increasing 6.origins 7.from 8.the 9.are found 10.noticeableSection Ⅲ Using Language,Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
课后·训练提升
一、单句语法填空
1.No matter what happens,he will carry his original plan.
答案out
2.The little boy couldn’t tolerate (laugh) at in public.
答案being laughed
3.On closer (inspect),dozens of problems emerge.
答案inspection
4.It is said that the (originate) owner of the house is a dentist.
答案original
5.The old professor walked in the park,with his pet dog (follow) him.
答案following
6.She works for an organisation calling for the (conserve) of the countryside.
答案conservation
7.In order to survive,man is engaged in a constant struggle nature.
答案with
8.The young man (fine) by the police felt ashamed of himself.
答案fined
二、句型转换
1.I don’t know what to do with the used batteries.
→I don’t know the used batteries.
答案how to deal with
2.The design has many other advantages besides lower costs.
→The design has many other advantages lower costs.
答案in addition to
3.Only you are his friend.
→He has no friends .
答案other than you
4.It is said that a new factory will be built in our town.
→A new factory built in our town.
答案is said to be
三、完成句子
1.他们在那里待了很长时间,修复了那座古庙。
They stayed there for a long time, .
答案restoring the old temple
2.有那么多作业要做,今晚我不去看电影了。
,I won’t go to see the film tonight.
答案With so much homework to do
3.据报道她赢了这场比赛。
she had won the game.
答案It was reported that
4.在这种情形下,他们遇到困难就不足为怪了。
,it is little wonder that they experience difficulties.
答案Under such circumstances
四、阅读理解
A
These days a green building means more than just the colour of the paint.Green buildings can also refer to environmentally friendly houses,factories,and offices.
Green buildings mean “reducing the effect of the buildings on the land”,Taryn Holowka of the US Green Building Council (委员会) in Washington,D.C.,said.According to Holowka,buildings account for 65 percent of total US electricity use.
But green buildings can reduce energy and water use.Also,the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways,so that people can drive their cars less.That could be good for the environment,because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution.Green buildings are often built on developed land,so that the buildings don’t destroy forests.
Marty Dettling is the project manager for a building that puts these ideas into action.The Solaire has been called the country’s first green high-rise building.According to Dettling,“We’ve reduced our energy use by one-third and our water by 50 percent.”
The Solaire cuts energy in part by using solar power.“On the face of the building we have solar panels (太阳能电池板) which change the sun’s energy into electricity,” Dettling explained.
The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room.In addition,the building has lots of windows,allowing people to use the sun for light during the day.The Solaire cuts water by reusing it.
Not everyone is eager to move into a green building,however.Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than traditional energy sources.Anyhow,Holowka said,“It’s going to be big.”
1.What does a green building mean
A.A building that uses no electricity.
B.A building that saves energy and water.
C.A building occupying less land.
D.A green-coloured building.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段第一句可知,绿色建筑是节约能源和水的环保建筑。故选B项。
2.Where is a green building often built
A.Where there are already many buildings.
B.Where there are thick forests around.
C.Where people on high incomes live.
D.Where travelling around by car is most convenient.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,绿色建筑常建在已经开发过的土地上,以便不再毁坏森林。故选A项。
3.What does Holowka mean by saying “It’s going to be big.” in the last paragraph
A.Green buildings will be more comfortable.
B.Green buildings will be more environmentally friendly.
C.Green buildings will become popular in the future.
D.Green buildings will take the place of traditional buildings.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据语境判断,绿色建筑是今后的发展方向,从长远来看将会普及和流行。故选C项。
4.What is the main idea of the text
A.Dettling designed the first green building in the US.
B.Energy shortage calls for buildings of new design.
C.The Solaire serves as a model of high buildings.
D.Green buildings help save the environment.
答案D
解析主旨大意题。从全文来看,本文的主要话题是绿色建筑有助于环保、节能。故选D项。
B
Gases,like black carbon,methane and ozone (臭氧) in city smog,are called “short-lived climate pollutants”,which exist both outdoors and indoors and decrease agricultural crops.
WHO says emissions from these climate pollutants cause many serious illnesses,including lung cancer.And these pollutants are responsible for many of the more than 7 million premature deaths each year that are connected to air pollution.
Maria Neira in WHO says the pollutants have a strong impact on climate change.But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years.That is much shorter than carbon dioxide,a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds,or even thousands of years.
According to Maria Neira,when you address the short-lived pollutants,you can reduce emissions very rapidly,and then improve air quality.You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution.
WHO has many available and affordable ways to reduce these short-lived climate pollutants.At the top of the list is cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency standards.More emissions are released when engines are running.
Indoor air pollution also contributes to poor health and premature death.WHO reports that nearly 3 billion low-income households rely on “dirty fuels”.Coal,wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples.Cleaner and more efficient stoves and fuel alternatives could cut down on health risks.
Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investments and policies for rapid transport.These include buses,trains,bicycles and pedestrian or walking routes.These investments could have many benefits,including safer travel,reduced health risks from noise and air pollution and more physical activity.
The WHO report also calls for encouraging high-income and middle-income populations to include more plant-based foods in their diets.It says this could reduce the risk of developing heart disease and some cancers,and could also slow the methane gas production that comes with some animal-sourced foods.
5.The “short-lived climate pollutants” are so called because .
A.they cause many to die young
B.they exist shorter than the greenhouse gas
C.they live indoors for a short time
D.they have a short effect on people’s health
答案B
解析细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years.That is much shorter than carbon dioxide,a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds,or even thousands of years.”可知,“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得名。故选B项。
6.The underlined word “address” in paragraph 4 means “ ”.
A.live on B.talk about
C.deal with D.turn to
答案C
解析词义猜测题。由画线单词后的“you can reduce emissions very rapidly,and then improve air quality.You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution”可知,这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。由此可推知,画线单词的意思是“处理掉,解决掉”。故选C项。
7.What can be inferred from the whole passage
A.Rich people hardly ever eat plant-based foods in daily life.
B.No emissions are released from stopped engines.
C.Governments should take measures to fight pollution.
D.Heart disease and some cancers are caused by the pollutants.
答案C
解析推理判断题。由第五段中的“cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher...standards”以及倒数第二段中的“Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investments and policies for rapid transport.”可推知,政府应该采取一些措施来治理污染问题。故选C项。
8.Which of the following may be the best title of the text
A.The Ways to Fight Air Pollution
B.Reducing “Short-lived Climate Pollutants” to Save Lives
C.Some Sources of Serious Air Pollution
D.A Report on Pollution from WHO
答案B
解析标题归纳题。这是一篇说明文,文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给人类带来的危害,剩下的五段内容提出了解决方案。只有选项B中的“Short-lived Climate Pollutants”可与本文主题“短期气候污染物”呼应,其中的Reducing也与最后几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选B项。
