Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
课后·训练提升
一、单词拼写
1.This plane carried over 300 passengers and c .
答案crew
2.We were moved by his g attempt to improve those conditions.
答案genuine
3.He gave the order to a the ship for it was going down.
答案abandon
4.The mother covered the sleeping baby with a thick b to keep him warm.
答案blanket
5.She joined the n and became a soldier in the ship.
答案navy
6.The reforms owe a great deal to the r of many great men.
答案resolution
7.The sun was s in the west and it was time to go back home.
答案sinking
8.Facing hardships,her p counts for much.
答案perseverance
二、单句语法填空
1.I will try to finish the work (assign) to me ahead of time.
答案assigned
2.Finally they arrived at the (abandon) house,tired and hungry.
答案abandoned
3.They made a (resolve) to lose all the weight gained during the period.
答案resolution
4.The training will get him (qualify) for the hard job.
答案qualified
5.His proposal was turned by his boss,which made him disappointed.
答案down
6.He took the umbrella (belong) to Mary by mistake just now.
答案belonging
7.The exciting story will keep the tired soldiers in a hard situation.
答案up
8.It was his (persevere) that helped him succeed at last.
答案perseverance
9.The old man (work) in the field for more than two hours.
答案has been working
10.I really admired his (endure) when he looked after little children.
答案endurance
三、阅读理解
Antarctica doesn’t seem very inviting,but about 37,000 visitors are expected to go on a trip to the frozen continent during this tourist season.
If you decide to go there,you’ll need to think about timing.Ice,wind and low temperatures make a trip to Antarctica an impossibility outside of November through March.You’ll also have to consider the almost prohibitive cost of your ship ticket—from about US$3,500 to US$25,000.This doesn’t cover the airfare to your port of departure.
Deciding what kind of boat on which to travel will make all the difference as accommodations vary greatly from one to the next.Large cruises,which might carry from 500 to 30,000 passengers,are good for vacationers and learners,but they never dock at a port.Smaller ships,such as yachts(快艇) and dive boats,allow you on the continent,and their staff plan various physical activities for visitors.
Those who actually get their feet on the ground will be privileged to have a very unique experience,including many educational opportunities.Tours of active scientific research facilities manned by biologists are often available.Visitors are also able to see various penguins and seals,some of which are brave enough to get up close.Finally,a few adventurous ones will enjoy mountaineering and diving during their time on the icy land.
Another consideration that must be made when visiting Antarctica is one’s environmental footprint.Every tourist,guide,researcher and ship makes an impact on this faraway part of our Earth.Precautions(预防措施) such as time limits on land,keeping a 5-metre distance from animals and rules against taking or leaving anything on the continent are strictly kept.Some wonder if it’s better for people just to stay away from Antarctica if they are so likely to affect the land negatively.But most will say that seeing Antarctica helps make the world more aware of the part this beautiful location plays in the global environment.
1.Which month is appropriate for a tour of Antarctica
A.February. B.June.
C.July. D.October.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If you decide to go there,you’ll need to think about timing.Ice,wind and low temperatures make a trip to Antarctica an impossibility outside of November through March.”可知,十一月到三月适合去南极旅行。故选A项。
2.What does the underlined word “prohibitive” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Common.
B.Additional.
C.Reasonable.
D.Unaffordable.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的from about US$3,500 to US$25,000可知,去南极的船票很昂贵,所以prohibitive在此处意为“贵得买不起的”。故选D项。
3.What can we learn about passengers on large ships
A.They are on board throughout the trip.
B.They can enjoy various physical activities.
C.They can get very close to local animals.
D.They have a chance to land on the continent.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Large cruises,which might carry from 500 to 30,000 passengers,are good for vacationers and learners,but they never dock at a port.”可知,大游轮在整个旅行中都不靠岸。故选A项。
4.What do most people think of the trips to Antarctica
A.Dangerous. B.Economical.
C.Educational. D.Destructive.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Those who actually get their feet on the ground will be privileged to have a very unique experience,including many educational opportunities.”及最后一段中的“But most will say that seeing Antarctica helps make the world more aware of...”可知,大多数人认为去南极旅行会很有教育意义。故选C项。
四、七选五阅读理解
(2022·云南昆明行知中学高二期中)
Did you know that Albert Einstein didn’t speak at all for the first 3 years of his life People thought he was lazy and unintelligent.But he never gave up and he pushed through adversity to become one of the most brilliant minds of all time.You don’t have to be a physics genius to overcome adversity in your own life,but it’s easy to feel overwhelmed sometimes. 1
A positive mind can make overcoming adversity easier. 2 While it’s true that you need to be realistic and see things clearly,if you view everything with a negative mind,you’ll only see the bad things.Push out pessimistic thoughts and attitudes so you can focus on finding ways to keep pushing through adversity.
3 It can help you give yourself feedback about your life,help you better understand your current situation,and help you think outside the box and find solutions to problems you’re dealing with.Try to spend a few minutes each day writing down whatever emotions,feelings,or thoughts come to mind.Write about things that were difficult or that you’re struggling with so you can think about potential solutions.
Preparing yourself for adversity can make it easier to deal with.Adversity is pretty much a necessary in life,especially if you’re working toward a big goal.The key is to keep pushing in the face of it. 4 Expect to have to deal with setbacks and difficulties and keep faith that you can overcome any adversity that comes your way.
You can learn a lot from others about how to deal with adversity.Look to historical figures who survived and dealt with extraordinary adversity such as Helen Keller or Franklin Roosevelt.You can also look around you at people in your life who have dealt with adversity,such as friends,family members,or colleagues. 5
A.Use adversity to learn and improve yourself.
B.Writing down your thoughts can help you stay focused.
C.Try to remain optimistic whenever you’re faced with a difficult situation.
D.There are some ideas you can use to find a better way to deal with adversity.
E.Emotions aren’t necessarily a bad thing,but they can make you unreasonable.
F.It’s safe to assume that you’re going to face some struggles,so mentally prepare for it.
G.Use their success stories as inspiration to help you keep pushing back against adversity.
答案1.D 2.C 3.B 4.F 5.G
五、写作
(2022·江苏常州高二期末)
假如你是李华,听说你的朋友Martin打算去非洲进行户外探险。请写一封电子邮件给他,提醒他一些非洲冒险之旅的注意事项,要点如下:
1.写信的目的;
2.旅行所带必需品。
注意:词数80左右。
Dear Martin,
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Love,
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Martin,
I’m glad to hear that you are going to have an adventurous outdoor trip to Africa.I am writing to offer some suggestions.
When you go there,you should always carry some emergency food supplies.Anything with sugar in it,like chocolate,will boost your energy.Other important items are a torch,which helps you see in the dark,and a survival knife used to prepare food and protect yourself against wild animals.A first-aid kit is absolutely necessary.Also,it is very important to find a good backpack,since it’ll hold everything you need in the wild.
Wish you an enjoyable trip!
Love,
Li Hua Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
课后·训练提升
一、选词填空(用所给单词的恰当形式填空)
cruel thorough bark furniture advertise corporate
guide
1.As a saying goes, dogs don’t bite.
答案barking
2.Some tell the truth while some don’t.
答案advertisements
3.Her hurt his feelings.
答案cruelty
4.The old table is a very valuable piece of .
答案furniture
5.Thanks for your explanation,I have a understanding of it.
答案thorough
6.The young lawyer works in a big business .
答案corporation
7.All activities take place under the of the teachers.
答案guidance
二、单句语法填空
1.It is the most instructive lecture that I (attend) since I came to this school.
答案have attended
2.The two friends (chat) on the Internet for three hours,and they will go on till next morning.
答案have been chatting
3.The telephone (ring) in the office all the morning.
答案has been ringing
4.In order to find the missing child,villagers (do) all they can over the past five hours.
答案have been doing
5.The manager (tell) the workers how to improve the programme since 9 am.
答案has been telling
三、阅读理解
The mind is a wonderful thing.It’s also an excuse-making machine that frequently tries to convince us not to take actions which are good for us.If we hadn’t learned about these excuses,or how to overcome them,we would never have succeeded in making these positive changes.
So why does the mind mess with us and make unreasonable excuses Because the mind wants comfort,that’s the reason.It’s afraid of discomfort,pressure and change.The mind is absorbed in its comfort zone,and anytime we try to stretch that zone too far,for too long,the mind tries desperately to get back to “ground zero” at any cost.These damaging excuses,such as “I can’t do it”,“It is too hard for me”,“It’s too late now” and so on,are no strangers to our minds.
It seems too difficult at first,so you think you can’t stick to the positive change you’re making.This excuse can be countered (对抗)by looking at the fact that other people were no more capable than you thought you were.For example,my 60-year-old next-door neighbour finished running a marathon,so I told myself,“If she can do it,so can I!” Truth be told,the only person who tells you “I can’t” is yourself.If you hear those words echoing in the back of your mind,tune them out.
I’ve witnessed people reinventing themselves at all ages 48-year-olds starting families,57-year-olds graduating from college for the first time,71-year-olds starting successful businesses,and so forth.
Another common excuse is that “I’ve already failed too much.” If you break down,it’s fine,because you are only human.Just don’t stay down;take a rest,and then pick yourself up so you can go to where you’d rather be.As Winston Churchill said,“Success is never final;failure is never fatal.It is courage to continue that counts.”
Some people feel like quitting when they have almost reached their goals,while others attain their goals through their efforts until the last second.So make some necessary adjustments to get rid of the bad habit of making excuses.Keep going! No excuses! Think,work,and climb,that’s how you’ll move your life forwards.
1.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To tell readers how to make a change.
B.To help readers develop a new view of life.
C.To encourage readers to leave their comfortable zone.
D.To tell readers to stop making excuses and keep fighting.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So make some necessary adjustments to get rid of the bad habit of making excuses.Keep going! No excuses!”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是为了告诉读者不要再找借口,继续战斗,故选D项。
2.Knowing his neighbour finished the marathon made the author realise .
A.completing a marathon was not too difficult
B.people often neglect their abilities
C.looking down upon the others is wrong
D.people shouldn’t let negative thoughts step in their way
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Truth be told,the only person who tells you ‘I can’t’ is yourself.If you hear those words echoing in the back of your mind,tune them out.”可知,作者在得知60岁的邻居完成了马拉松比赛后,感慨人们不应该让消极的想法妨碍自己,不要对自己说“我不行”。故选D项。
3.Why does our mind make excuses
A.It tends to seek comfort rather than suffering.
B.It needs rest and relaxation.
C.It is preparing for the difficult times.
D.It is the way it tries to find a solution.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So why does the mind mess with us and make unreasonable excuses Because the mind wants comfort,that’s the reason.It’s afraid of discomfort,pressure and change.”可知,我们大脑找借口的原因是它更倾向于寻求舒适而不是痛苦。故选A项。
4.What might “ground zero” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The lowest spot.
B.The safest place.
C.The original place.
D.The proper position.
答案C
解析词义猜测题。根据本段的“The mind is absorbed in its comfort zone,and anytime we try to stretch that zone too far,for too long,the mind tries desperately to get back to ‘ground zero’ at any cost.”可知,我们的大脑被它的舒适区所吸引,这说明大脑不愿离开自己的舒适区。由此可知,此处是说当大脑远离自己的舒适区时,它会不惜一切代价拼命地试图回到前面提到的“舒适区”,即“原来的地方”,故选C项。
四、完形填空
One day,I was caught in a massive 6-lane traffic jam at a stoplight.But it was an overheated car,dead in the middle lane(车道).
With cars driving all around her,I couldn’t 1 anywhere without making things worse.I had to turn left in thick traffic and couldn’t 2 for a couple of blocks.I thought,“Maybe this is one I should let someone else take care of.”
But I turned around and 3 on a far entrance ramp(坡道).To approach and get her off the highway looked 4 .But then a miracle happened.The crowded cars in lanes,going both ways,instantly 5 wide for me to get to her.
I asked her to free her brake while I 6 her car to the highway’s right shoulder.I saw the fear and 7 in her eyes.I hid my fear from her.So she thought I 8 what I was doing.
Once again the sea of rushing cars 9 and we shouldered the car 10 just before the police car pulled up behind us.The policeman was shocked at what he had 11 .The girl said her friend was on the way and didn’t need my 12 anymore.
I explained I parked 13 the highway to the officer.Just then the “walk” light came on for me to cross the 14 .And soon I 15 away after helping out for only a few minutes.
1.A.stop B.survive
C.fly D.manage
答案A
解析根据前面的With cars driving all around her可知,她周围到处都是车,作者在哪儿都停(stop)不下来。
2.A.cut across B.pull over
C.give in D.calm down
答案B
解析根据前面的I had to turn left in thick traffic and couldn’t可知,作者不得不在拥挤的车流中向左转,过了几个街区也没能把车靠路边停下来(pull over)。
3.A.parked B.considered
C.remained D.rested
答案A
解析根据后面的on a far entrance ramp可知,作者本来不想管这件事了。但还是把车停在了(parked)一个很远的入口坡道上。
4.A.easy B.possible
C.unique D.impossible
答案D
解析根据后面的“But then a miracle happened.”可知,接近她并帮她离开高速公路看起来是不可能的(impossible)。
5.A.sped B.burst
C.wandered D.opened
答案D
解析根据后面的for me to get to her可知,双向行驶的车纷纷给作者让路。open wide“敞开”。
6.A.pulled B.pushed
C.led D.delivered
答案B
解析根据上下文可知,作者把她的车推(pushed)到高速公路的右侧。
7.A.disbelief B.confidence
C.pleasure D.pain
答案A
解析根据前面的I saw the fear可知,作者从她的眼睛里看到了恐惧和怀疑(disbelief)。
8.A.refused B.continued
C.enjoyed D.knew
答案D
解析根据前面的“I hid my fear from her.”可知,作者对她隐瞒了自己的恐惧。所以她认为作者知道(knew)在做什么。
9.A.ignored B.escaped
C.parted D.flowed
答案C
解析根据后面的we shouldered the car可知,川流不息的车辆再一次分开了(parted)。
10.A.safely B.actually
C.merely D.exactly
答案A
解析作者安全地(safely)把车推到了路边。
11.A.expected B.witnessed
C.treated D.hoped
答案B
解析根据前面的The policeman was shocked at what he had可知,警察对他所目睹的(witnessed)事情感到震惊。
12.A.advice B.effort
C.friendship D.help
答案D
解析根据前面的The girl said her friend was on the way可知,女孩说她的朋友在路上,所以不再需要作者的帮助(help)了。
13.A.beyond B.above
C.across D.through
答案C
解析根据语境“I explained I parked the highway”可知,作者解释说把车停在高速公路对面(across)。
14.A.space B.round
C.square D.crossroads
答案D
解析根据前面的Just then the “walk” light came on可知,就在这时,作者要过的十字路口(crossroads)的“步行”灯亮了。
15.A.fled B.drove
C.hid D.ran
答案B
解析根据后面的after helping out可知,没过多久,作者就开车(drove)走了。
五、语篇填空
Everybody wants success.Some people aim for it;others just talk 1. it.We all know what it looks like when someone else 2. (have) it.Sometimes it just seems like something too far out of reach.The truth of success is 3. (close) than you think.It’s just on the 4. side.You have to want it enough,and be willing enough to get it.
Fear is your biggest obstacle(障碍) when you try to get success,fear of 5. (fail),and fear of the 6. (judge) of others.It will trouble you every time.It will cause you to make decisions 7. may seem “right” at the time,but they’re preventing you from actually 8. (get) over that wall.
Success has no excuses.The minute you find a reason not 9. (take) another step towards success is the moment you stop being 10. (success).In the symphony of success,excuses are just noise.
答案1.about 2.has 3.closer 4.other 5.failure
6.judgement 7.that/which 8.getting 9.to take 10.successfulSection Ⅲ Using Language,Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
课后·训练提升
一、单词拼写
1.John stood out among the c and was chosen as chairman of the committee.
答案candidates
2.It makes you read the next e to find out what’s going to happen in the novel.
答案episode
3.His sole m was to make her happy.
答案motive
4.She got into the car and started the m and set off for home.
答案motor
5.C is one of the major sources of the Chinese culture.
答案Confucianism
6.A fishing boat sank because of the r sea waves.
答案rough
7.The n skilfully guided the ship over the dangerous part of the sea.
答案navigator
8.He made a c to pay the rent on time.
答案commitment
二、完成句子
1.万一她有个三长两短怎么办
anything should happen to her
答案What if
2.这种化学变化能放出热和光。
Heat and light can be by this chemical change.
答案given off
3.要是没有水,植物就无法生长。
water,no plant could grow.
答案If it weren’t for
4.作为保持健康的方式,没有什么比得上游泳的了。
swimming as a means of keeping fit.
答案There is nothing like
5.我必须做点什么去报答他的帮助。
I must do something to .
答案pay back his help
三、阅读理解
A
Like many American people,I have a “bucket list”.It’s something along the lines of the “top-10-things-to-see-or-do-before-you-die” lists published on travel web sites.
“Set foot on all seven continents” has always been on my list.This past February,after nearly six months of planning,I was fortunate to be able to knock off two—the most amazing being Antarctica,the other South America.
I chose an optimal time to go—summer in the southern hemisphere(半球)—and found a tour company online that was able to accommodate my needs.It is a costly adventure,especially when travelling solo,but the company put together a package for me that was perfect.
The company not only got me to the continent,but allowed me the opportunity to set foot on it.Many tour companies will put you on a ship that sails through the area,weaving between islands and giving views of the shore.But to actually set foot on the continent is a rare and impressive treat.
One of the tour leaders on our boat estimated that the total number of people who have actually set foot on this land—tourists,scientists and explorers—would only fill a very large football stadium.This is because tourism to Antarctica didn’t really exist until roughly 15 years ago and has only recently taken off in popularity.
There are also rules and restrictions for visiting set up by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators.Take nothing away,and leave nothing behind.
My plan was simple.Arrive in Ushuaia,Argentina,and get on the M/V Orlova,an ice-strengthened Russian ship,to spend 10 days exploring Antarctica.
We saw paradise in a frozen form.No traffic noise,no pollution,no road rage—just clear skies,fresh air and undisturbed beauty for miles.
Months later,I still wish I could be there sitting with the penguins,taking it all in,smile firmly frozen in place.
1.When the author started his travel,what season was it in America
A.Spring. B.Summer.
C.Autumn. D.Winter.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三段第一句“I chose an optimal time to go—summer in the southern hemisphere...”可知,作者是在美国是冬季的时候出发的。故选D项。
2.What is the M/V Orlova
A.A city in Argentina.
B.A ship to Antarctica.
C.An airplane to Argentina.
D.The capital in a ship.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“...get on the M/V Orlova,an ice-strengthened Russian ship,to spend 10 days exploring Antarctica.”可知,答案为B项。
3.What can we infer from the passage
A.Few tourists have set foot on the land,but Antarctica tourism is growing in popularity.
B.The author thought it was too expensive to travel to Antarctica and unacceptable.
C.Anyone who has enough money can set foot on Antarctica.
D.To Americans,summer time is the best time for them to visit Antarctica.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第五段可知,A项正确;从第三段中的“It is a costly adventure...”可知,作者认为这样的旅行是昂贵的,但是从文章来看他接受了,所以B项不正确;从文章倒数第四段中的“There are also rules and restrictions for visiting set up...”可知,并不是任何人只要有钱就可以的,故C项不正确;从第三段中的“I chose an optimal time to go—summer in the southern hemisphere...”可知,南半球的夏季是最好的季节,故D项不正确。
4.What does the author think of the travel
A.Awful. B.Wonderful.
C.Unpleasant. D.Ordinary.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者认为这次旅行是美好的。故B项正确。
B
Imagine being a crew member,hundreds of years ago,sailing in southern waters.Your captain is searching for food while exploring unfamiliar waters.Your job is to watch the sea off the ship’s side for ice.The wind is cold on your face.Alongside the ship,a fish darts(猛冲) past.Another slows to a stop and raises its head above the water to look at you.How could a fish do that
Did the sailors see fish with feathers or swimming birds Today,we know that the sailors saw birds that developed the ability to swim.Their wings became flippers(鳍肢),and they could “fly” through the water with amazing speed.
There are many types of penguins.Only two kinds raise their young on the continent of the Antarctic.Adelie penguins grow up to 29 inches tall and have a white ring around each eye.Emperor penguins have yellow orange colour near their necks.Standing about 35 inches tall,they are the tallest penguins living today.
Emperor penguins have nests on top of their feet.Father Emperor penguins keep the egg on top of their feet for more than two months,until the egg is ready to hatch.The mother penguin goes out for food during that time.Imagine holding an egg on your feet for two months until someone returns with food!
Male and female penguins are both good parents.Once the chicks hatch,both parents travel long distances to find food for them in the sea.It may be days before the parents return and the chicks eat again.When they return with food,the fun really begins.Chicks chase their parents,begging for food.Penguin chicks eat huge amounts at one time.
Eventually,the adult penguins stop feeding the chicks.This is nature’s way of forcing children to grow up.When the penguin chicks are hungry enough,they find their way to the sea.Without any swimming lessons,they make their way into the icy waters and swim as only penguins do.
5.What does the author mainly want to tell us in paragraph 1
A.It is dangerous to sail in unfamiliar waters.
B.The ice covers southern waters as far as we can see.
C.Penguins seemed unusual when the sailors first saw them.
D.It is difficult to find food if sailing in southern waters.
答案C
解析推理判断题。在第一段中作者带领读者回到几百年前,将自己想象成一名船员,在南极海域第一次见到企鹅后,竟然发出这样的感慨“How could a fish do that ”由此推知,作者这样写作是为了说明人们第一次见到企鹅时感到很奇怪。
6.We now know that penguins seen by the sailors hundreds of years ago were .
A.fish with the ability to fly
B.birds that had learned to swim
C.birds that could fly into the sea
D.fish with black and white feathers
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Today,we know that the sailors saw birds that developed the ability to swim.”可知,几百年前船员们看到的企鹅是会游泳的鸟。
7.Why does the author say “the fun really begins” when the parents return with food
A.The chicks play games with each other while eating.
B.The chicks run after the parents while trying to get food.
C.The chicks have to find their way to the sea to get more food.
D.The chicks have to search for the food the parents have hidden.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Chicks chase their parents,begging for food.”可知,当企鹅父母觅食归来,小企鹅就追着它们的父母要吃的,所以欢乐的场面就开始了。
8.In what condition will Emperor penguin chicks be forced to grow up
A.When they must learn how to feed others.
B.When they have to find a new place to live.
C.When they have to find food by themselves.
D.When they need to adjust to the changeable weather.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Eventually,the adult penguins stop feeding the chicks.This is nature’s way of forcing children to grow up.”可知,C项正确。
