2024年中考英语总复习课件：攻略二 词法第1讲 名词(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
第二部分 语法攻略
攻略二 词法
第1讲 名词
考点一 名词词义辨析
1.（2023·江西单项填空）—Kevin, could you pass me some ___ It's
so hot today. I'm really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
C
A.rice B.bread C.water D.chicken
2.（2023·江西完形填空A节选）Research shows that elephants, like
people, have ___. If the mother elephant dies, the baby elephant often
becomes sad and ill.
D
A.foods B.homes C.friends D.feelings
3.（2023·江苏常州单项选择）After she was brought back to China,
the sick giant panda Ya Ya received good ___ in her new home and
got better.
D
A.education B.communication C.entertainment D.treatment
4.（2022·安徽单项填空）—I do morning exercises every day. It works
my whole body.
—It's a good habit. It helps you keep in good ___.
A.time B.touch C.health D.silence
C
5.（2023·湖北武汉选择填空）—Peter was picked out to be on the
school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big ___.
D
A.situation B.challenge C.achievement D.advantage
6.（2022·江西单项填空）When you go rock climbing, you need to be
careful so that you don't have a（n） ___.
B
A.chance B.accident C.secret D.action
考点二 名词的数
1.（2023·江西完形填空B节选）
enter steal what while another laugh visitor impolitely height wise
environment
Yan Zi didn't get angry. “Only a state of dogs will greet
________ with a gate for dogs. I'm visiting the State of Chu. This
gate isn't for me.” Yan Zi said. So the guard had to take him through
the main gate.
visitors
2.（2022·江西完形填空B节选）
because bring city easy even goal important make repeat they
Chile （智利） is a long and beautiful country with ocean to the
west and mountains to the east. Some of the villages are a very long
way from ______ and some of the schools are very small.
cities
3.（2023·四川德阳根据首字母填空）Mr. Yang's h_______ include
singing, painting and playing chess.
obbies
4.（2023·四川眉山根据首字母及句意补全单词）The Monkey King can
make 72 c_______ to his shape and size, turning himself into different
animals and objects.
hanges
5.（2022·云南用所给词的适当形式填空）Tourists can see many
western-style _________ in Shanghai Disneyland. （build）
buildings
一、可数名词的复数变化
1.规则变化
规则 例词
一般情况，加-s house→houses
以s、x、ch、sh等结尾的名词，加-es bus→buses
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i,再加-es family→families
以f、fe结尾的名词，大多数将f、fe改为v，再加-es knife→knives
规则 例词
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，这三个词通常加-es potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
hero→heroes
续表
2.常见的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
变内部元音 foot→feet; man→men;
mouse→mice; tooth→teeth; woman→women
词尾加-en或-ren child → children; ox → oxen
形式不变 deer → deer; sheep → sheep
3.拓展
（1）形式上是复数，实际上是单数。如：news、maths、physics。
（2）形式上是单数，实际上是复数。如：people。
二、不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能在其前面直接加不定冠词或数词
来表示一个或几个概念。如果要表示一定的数量，应借助“数词+单位词
+of +不可数名词”来表达，这些单位词是可数名词。另外，表示状态、
品质、行为、感情等概念的抽象名词（如knowledge、danger、health、
homework、interest、life、love等）也是不可数名词。
不可数名词前可加some、a little、much、any、a lot of 等词来表
示不确切的数量。如：
Please give me two pieces of paper. 请给我两张纸。
There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all. 食物太多了，
我们吃不完。
有些物质名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。如：orange表示
“橘子”时是可数名词，表示“橘子汁”时是不可数名词；room表示“房间”
时是可数名词，表示“空间”时是不可数名词。如：
This desk takes up a lot of room. 这张课桌很占地方。
There are four rooms in the house. 这个房子里有四间房间。
三、名词数的双重性
有少数名词既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，但意义上有
所不同。如：
paper报纸（可数名词）；纸张（不可数名词）
一、单项填空。
1.The ___ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New
York.
A
A.telephone B.doorbell C.clock D.bike
2.Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great ___ for our nation.
A
A.treasure B.resolution C.pleasure D.standard
3.—Can I help you, sir
—Yes, please. I'd like ___.
D
A.two cup of tea B.two cups of teas
C.two cup of teas D.two cups of tea
二、从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空。
need event community age story training knowledge group lawyer
accident
Fu Ting lost her right arm in an 1.________ when she was 3. At
the 2.____ of 13, she went to a sports school in Xiangtan, Hunan
Province. She began swimming 3.________ there. Fu Ting took part in
Athens 2004 Paralympic Games and other 4._______ during her years
as an athlete, and won 18 gold medals.
accident
age
training
events
After retiring in 2004, Fu Ting decided to enter a university to
study law. Through hard work, she graduated and worked as a
5._______. In 2017, Fu Ting set up a service 6.______, providing free
legal（法律的） help for the disabled. At the same time, she also
joined a volunteer group, sharing her life 7._______ in primary and
secondary schools, giving legal speeches in 8.____________, in order
to encourage more people to help those disabled people in 9._____.
“In the face of the disabled, we should first ‘respect' and then
‘help' them,” Fu Ting said. “I'm happy to help them with my own
experience and 10.__________. And I hope they can help make our
country better. I believe I will keep on doing that.”
lawyer
group
stories
communities
need
knowledge
谢谢大家