高二英语选修六知识点归纳课件（168张ppt）
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| 名称 | 高二英语选修六知识点归纳课件（168张ppt） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2015-08-25 09:35:56 | ||
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课件168张PPT。 选修六知识点Important phrase
Unit 1
Art
Unit 1
Art1.???faith? n.信仰；信任；信心
have faith in sb./sth.对某人/某事有信心
lose faith in 不再信任,对…失去信心
be faithful to sb. [sth.] 忠实于某人[某事]
faithful adj.忠实的
faithfully adv.忠实地
2.??aim?? n. 目标；目的；瞄准
vi.&vt.瞄准（向某方向）努力
take aim (at) 瞄准
aim at向…瞄准；旨在，针对；志在
aim high胸 怀大志; 力争上游
3.? typical adj. 典型的, 象征性的;不出所料；特有的
be typical of…是…代表; 象征
4.??adopt vt. 采用,采纳; 收养
adoption n.采用;收养
形近词: adapt v. 使适应, 改编
adaptation n. 适应, 改编, 改写本
5. convince vt. 使确信；使信服
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
be convinced of sth. 相信某事
be convinced that+从句相信某事
6.? attempt? n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt.尝试；企图
attempt sth.试图做……; 努力去执行(完成)某事 ?
attempt to do企图做某事
make an attempt at sth／to do sth.企图做某事 7.???a great deal大量
表示“许多，大量” 的词组：
可用于修饰不可数名词： a great deal of/a good deal of/a large amount of/much/not a little
可用于修饰可数名词： a few/quite a few/a good many/a great many/a great number of
既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词 ：
a lot of/a large quantity of/large quantities of/plenty of??8. by coincidence巧合地?
? by accident 碰巧，偶然
by chance碰巧，偶然
on purpose故意
happen to do 碰巧做某事
9. in the flesh活着的；本人
10.??be ?in possession of sth. 拥有（主语是人)
in one’s possession= in the possession of sb.
为……所有;归……所有(主语是物)
take possession of sth占有,拥有某物（主语是人)
in charge of 负全责, 经管,
in the charge of 由……负责，经营
take charge of 负责,看管 11.??in consequence因此，结果
in consequence of... 的结果，因为...的缘故,由于
as a consequence因而， 结果
12.??appeal to（对某人）有吸引力；向...呼吁[请求]
appeal to sb. for为...向某人呼吁[请求]
appeal for aid请求援助
appeal for mercy 请求宽恕
13.look through 看穿；审核；浏览；透过……看
14.on the one hand …( 从一方面来说…… ），on the other hand …(从另一方面来说…… ）常被用来比较两件不同的事情或两个不同的观点。
for one thing …and for another...“一来……二来……”,常被用来列举一些理由。
15.concentrate on 关注；集中精力于
16.be up to sb.由某人决定；是……的责任
be up to (doing) sth.胜任（某事）；做……
17.be well worth a visit 很值得一看
be (well） worth+
be worth doing =be worthy
值得做
be worth +n.=be worthy of +n.值得……
n./pron.doing（很）值得……of being doneto be done17. have a preference for 偏爱……
have a preference of sth. to/over another
宁要某物而不要另一个
in preference to 优先于……
prefer v. 宁可; 宁愿; 更喜欢
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿……而不愿……
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.
与……相比更喜欢……
Unit 2
Poems
Unit 2
Poems
1.convey sb/sth from ……to…..传送，运送
2. 交换：exchange sth….for…sth
exchange sth…with sb
in exchange for 交换
3. run out of/run out 用完，花光
4. in particular尤其，特别
be particular about /over 对……讲究，挑剔
5.let out发出 ，放走
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上
let go 放手，放开，释放
let/leave sb /sth alone 对……放任不管，别烦
let down 把……放下，使……失望
let in 允许进入，容许，许可。
6.have a need for 需要
7.try on , 试穿; 用,,来骗人
try out 试验;测试性格或能力
8. be made up of =consist of由……构成,组成
be made of 由……构成(看出原料的样子)
be made from由……构成(看不出原料的样子)
make up 编造，组成，化妆，弥补
make up for 弥补
make out 理解;辨认出
make it 获得成功;准时到达
make for sth. 向……移动;促成……
9.in a way 以某种方式；从某种意义上说
all the way 一路上；一直
in the way 碍事；阻碍
on one’s /the way 在旅途中；即将发生
by the way 顺便说说；顺便提起
by way of 经由
give way to 屈服；被取代
no way 绝不 10. take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
take one’s time 不匆忙，不急，慢慢来
take one’ s chances 碰运气
take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
take …for granted 认为……理所当然
11. make sense 有意义
12. play with the words 玩弄词语
13. turn to 转向，求助于，变成
14. pass --- to 把---传给---
15. thousands of fans 数以千计的粉丝
16 . translate --- into 把---翻译成---
17. stay up /sit up 熬夜
18. day by day / day after day 日复一日
19. run away 跑掉
20. on fire 着火，燃烧
21. bow to 向---弯腰，鞠躬
22.have fun 玩的高兴
23.hold on 别挂断；继续；坚持；保持
24.by oneself 独自地；独立地
25.start with 以……开始;先做…….
begin with以……开始;先做…….
to start with /to begin with 首先,第一
Unit 3
A healthy life
1. reduce stress减少压力
under the stress of在……的压力下
place/lay/put stress on重视，强调
2. be addicted to (doing) sth.沉溺于……；专心于……
addict n.吸毒成瘾的人，瘾君子；对……入迷的人
addiction n.沉溺，上瘾
addictive adj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
3. be/feel ashamed of对(于)……感到羞耻/惭愧
be ashamed to do sth.因惭愧/羞耻而勉强做某事
be ashamed that...感到羞耻，感到惭愧
shame n.羞耻，惭愧；让人遗憾的事
It’s a shame that...真遗憾……
shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的
shameless adj.不知羞耻的
4. accustom oneself to(doing) sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事
accustomed adj.习惯于……的；惯常的
be/get/become accustomed to (doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事
5. due to因为，由于，作表语或状语，通常不置于句首
due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
be due to do sth.预期做某事，预定做某事
be due to sth./sb.归因于某事/某人；某人应得的
be due for sth.应有；应得到
表示“因为，由于”的常用短语有 :
because of，owing to，thanks to，on account of，
as a result of，as a consequence of。
6. get into a talk/a fight/an argument参与讨论/斗殴/争论
get into the habit of养成/染上……习惯
get into trouble陷入麻烦,
get into debt欠债
7. feel like
would like to do sth.
want to do sth. 想要做某事
feel like doing sth.
enjoy/be fond of doing sth.喜欢做某事
feel as if/though感觉好像
8. before作为连词，其基本含义是“在……之前”，“才，还没来得及就……，趁……”等。
It won’t be＋时间段＋before...用不了多长时间就会……(before从句用一般现在时)
It will be＋时间段＋before...得过多长时间才……(before从句用一般现在时)
It wasn’t＋时间段＋before...没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)
It was＋时间段＋before...过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
9. As 引导定语从句：
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。
它引导的从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后，还可以位于主句中间。
(2)as引导限制性定语从句，先行词前有the same，as，so，such修饰。
10. ban (banned, banned) vt. 禁止, 取缔 ban/forbid禁止
ban…from sth./doing sth.
forbid sb. to do sth.
forbid doing sth.
11.quit 停止做, 过去式和过去分词均为quit,
现在分词为quitting
quit doing sth.停止做某事
12. remind v. 提醒; 使想起, 使记起
①remind sb. of / about sth.
提醒某人某物/某事
② remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
13.reach for 伸手拿东西
reach n. 伸手可及之距离
within reach of 很方便的地方
out of reach.
够不着.
Unit 4
Global warming
1． 反对
2． 发生，造成
3． 同意，订购
4． 大量的
5． 上升，增长
6． 大体上，基本上
7． 代表……一方
8． 忍受，容忍
9． 只要
10． 等等
11． 温室效应
12． 继续be opposed to come about .subscribe to a quantity of go up on the whole on behalf of put up with so long as and so on greenhouse effect keep on
13.compare v． 比较
(1)compare...with/to...把……与……比较；对照
compare...to...把……比作……
compare...and...比较……和……
compare notes(with sb.)(与某人)交换看法或意见
compared to/with...与……相比较而言(常置于句首作状语)
14. a quantity/quantities of大量(+可数或不可数名词), a vast/large/great/good/small/quantity of大量的(+可数或不可数名词); 无论a quantity of后面的名词
可数还是不可数，谓语动词都要用单数；无论quantities of后面的名词可数还是不可数，谓语动词都要用复数。
15. range from...to...范围从……到……
beyond the range of超越……的范围
within range of...在……范围内
16. keep on 继续（干），坚持（干）
keep up 保持（下去），继续（下去）
keep off 避开，不要踩（吃，谈等）
keep up with 跟上，不落在……后面
17. oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
(1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb.doing sth.
反对某事/做某事/某人做某事
oppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的
be opposed to...反对……；与……对立
18.put up with忍受，容忍（=bear/tolerate sth.）
put up 举起，搭建，张贴，留……住宿
put on 穿上，上演
put away 收起来，存蓄
put aside节省，储蓄，储存
put in 插嘴说，安装
put out 扑灭，出版
put off 推迟，让……下车
put down 写下，放下
put forward提出建议；把……向前拨
put through接通电话
19.on average平均地；通常；按平均值
up to average达到平均数，达到一般水准
20.come about 发生；造成
(1)come about是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。
(2)come across偶然碰见，无意中找到
come on跟着来，跟上来；[口]得啦，快点
come out出来，出现；(芽)生出来；(花)开；出版，发行
come to总计，达到；归纳为
come up走近；上(楼)去；(从土中)长出，发芽；被提出
come up with赶上；提出(建议)
Unit 5
The power of nature
1. 用……装备起来 equip sb./sth. with sth.
一台设备 a piece of equipment
2.appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
make /fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
keep an /one’s appointment 守约
break an /one’s appointment 违约，失约
3. make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
4.suit sth. to sb. 使某事适合某人的口味
be suitable for sb./ sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
5.burn to the ground 全部焚毁
burn down 焚毁，烧塌
burn up （被）烧毁，烧得更旺
burn out 熄灭，烧完
burn oneself out 耗尽精力，精疲力竭
6. make one’s way 前往
make way (for) 让路，让位
feel one’s way 摸索前进
push one’s way 挤过
find one’s way 找到路，设法到达
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
fight one’s way 打开一条血路
7.正在这时/那时,突然…….
be doing …when…
be about to/going to do /on the point of
doing something when …
had just done something when…
8.辨析be about to do ,be going to do, be to do
be about to do 表示最近的将来, 意为“即将”，不可与具体的时间状语连用。
be going to do多表示计划或安排 ,意为“打算”，可与具体的时间状语连用。
be to do 表示约定的，计划中的或按职责、义务、要求即将发生的动作，还可以指注定要发生的动作。
9.be conscious of 意识到……
10.be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious for sb. to do急于让某人做……
with anxiety 焦虑的
11.have an appreciation of 对……有欣赏力
appreciate (one’s) doing sth.感谢某人做了某事
appreciate it when /if 从句 如果……,将不胜感激
12.guarantee to do sth. 保证要做某事
guarantee sb. Sth.
guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人担保某事
13. glance through 匆匆看一遍
glance at 看一下
glance over 粗略一看，浏览
at first glance 乍一看，乍看之下
give/take a glance at 对……匆匆一看
14.have a gift for…有……的天分
15.be lucky to do sth.有幸做……
16.vary from A to B=vary between A and B
从……变得……,由……到……不等
a variety of =varieties of 各种各样的
17.be home to…是……的栖息地;原产地
at home and abroad 国内外
back home回家/回国
feel/be/look at home 舒适自在;无拘束
Grammar
Subjunctive mood(虚拟语气）一、语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:
陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadn’t come back home yet.
祈使语气 Let’s go. Don’t touch anything on the table until the bell rings.关于陈述语气 1What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气 4虚拟语气
If I were you, I would not leave
her alone.
Our teacher suggested that we go
to the library this afternoon.V+ ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. V. + ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。
If it were not raining, we should go for
a picnic.
如果他来这儿, 他就能够帮助你了。
If he came here, he might be able to
help you. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加
这次聚会了。
She would have gone to the party if she
had been invited.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会
睡过头了。
If she hadn’t called me, I would have
overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
If I were to be twenty years old next
year, I would take the course of French.
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
If it should fail, I would try again.1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。If you _______ here five minutes earlier, you
_________________ the bus.2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。If I ____ not busy, I __________ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What ______ we do if it ____________
tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I ____________ busy last night,
I _______________ to see the
film with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _________ more carefully,
he ____________________ the car
accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I ___________(know) your telephone
number, I ______________________
(telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时(were)
过去: 过去完成时(had done)
未来: would/could/might +V.(原) shouldI wish everyday were my birthday.I wish I hadn't eaten so much food.I wish I would grow tall.我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。
I wish I were ten years younger now.
我昨天要是遇见他就好了。
I wish I had met him yesterday.
我希望成为一名科学家。
I wish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon. 表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. would rather that现在:
过去:
未来:★ I would rather you paid me now.
★ I would rather I hadn’t come yesterday.
★ I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句 现在：
过去：过去时过去完成时★ She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
★ I remember the whole thing as if it had
happened yesterday.我们该去睡觉了。4. It’s (about/high) time +that过去时(were)
should(不省) +V.你该走了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令，
三个建议，四个要求。即
1) insist
2) order, command
3) advise, suggest, propose
4) demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____ (obey) the rules.
2) He insisted that she ___ (be) seriously ill and that ______ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3) He suggested that we ____ (have) a meeting at once.
4) His pale face suggested that he ____ (be) ill.havewas在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice,
decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、
同位语从句中, 要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词
应用should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that
不能省略。例：6.表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气My suggestion is that we (should) go there
at once. What do you think of his proposal that we
(should) put on a play at the English evening? My idea is that we (should) get more people
to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a
meeting next week.It is strange that _____________________.
他居然会这样说, 真是奇怪。
It is a great pity that ___________________.
他居然会这样想, 真是一件憾事。7.It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/
pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause 从句中
的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形he ( should ) say sohe ( should ) think soIt is natural that _________________________.
鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。
It is necessary that
_____________________________.
有必要立即派他去北京。 a bird (should) rest in treeshe be sent to Beijing right away8.在It is/was suggested /ordered /demanded /
proposed / etc. 结构中要使用虚拟语气。如: It’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
It is ordered that all the troops (should)
withdraw three miles away.
根据命令, 所有部队撤至三英哩以外。It is arranged that he
____________________________.
照安排, 他星期五动身去加拿大。
It is suggested that ______________________
__________________.
有人建议, 英语晚会周六举行。 leave for Canada on Fridaythe English evening beheld on Saturday★很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。
It is strange that she refuse to come to
the party.
★ 我们有必要努力学习。
It’s necessary that we should study hard.
9. 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中，
“要是……就好了”
If only I were a flying bird!
= How I wish I were a flying bird!
要是我看过那部电影就好了！
If only I had seen the film!
=How I wish I had seen the film!10. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.★要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。
If it had not been for your help, we
couldn’t have finished the work ahead
of time.
= But for your help…
= Without your help…
= Had it not been for your help,…11. 混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一
致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，
这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的
混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时
（指过去行为），而主句用一般时
（指目前状态）。★如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.
★假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么
办了。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know
what to do now.
★假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。
If I were you, I would not have broken the
glass. 12. 连词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,
had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had
和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于
书面语。
★要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Had you not helped me, I should
have failed.★ 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Were you in my position, you would
do the same.
★ 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底
消灭干净。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe
them out completely. 错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词
发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。
主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：If the United States had built more homes for
poor people in 1955, the housing problems now
in some parts of this country
so serious. wouldn’t be如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。
If you had followed my advice, you would
be better now.
如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学
生，四年后就会大学毕业了。
If you had studied hard before, you
would be a college student now, and
you would graduate from a college in
four years’ time.② 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should,
were, had三个助动词，可以把 if 省略，并将这
三个词提至句首。_______ she a man, she might be elected
president.Were If I had time, I would come.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go
climbing.
Had I time, I would come.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go
climbing.③ 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等词隐含某种假设。I lost your address, otherwise I
would have visited you long before.没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。
Without your help, we couldn’t have
succeeded in the experiment.
要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。
But for the rain, we would have finished
the work.④ 常见的几种固定句式。 如 If only, insist, suggest 及It’s time/ necessary/important that 从句等等。1.If only I had listened to(listen to )my parents’
advice!
2.His silence at the meeting suggested that he
didn’t agree (not agree) to your plan. 3.The old professor gave orders that the
experiment be finished?(finish) before 6. 4.It’s high time he went (go) home. 5.Even if he were (be) here, he couldn’t
solve the problem. If I __________ (know) more about giving
first aid, I _______________ (help) them
when the accident happened.
2. If I ______ (be) a man, I ___________
(run) for president.
3. —Do you think the thief entered through
the side door?
—No, if he _______ (have), he _________
____________(not break) the window of
the living room.had knowncould have helpedwerewould runhad hadwouldn’thave broken. Complete the sentences.4. I would rather you __________
(stay) at home last night.
5. I wish that the rain __________
(stop) immediately.
6. They talked as if they _________
(be) good friends for many years.had beenhad stayedwould stop 高考真题1.（2014.北京，34）We _______________(be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
2. (2014.陕西，23) We would rather our daughter __________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
3.(2014.湖南，22） If Mr. Dewey __________________ (be) present ,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.would bestayed had been4.(2014.安徽，30) People are recycling many things which they _____________________(throw) away in the past.
5.(2014.重庆，13) It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______________(do) it?
6.（2014.浙江，16）They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _________________(come) to our help.would have thrownhad donewould have comeIt的用法
指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. So you are going to be married this time？
When is it？
指环境: It was very quiet in the café. 指距离：
It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre. 指不知性别的人： Who is it? ---It’s me. Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 指某件事： It doesn’t matter. /It is a shame, isn’t it?it可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象基本用法: ____ was a sunny day. Peter decided to go for a walk to the park, though _____ was two miles away. ___ was so comfortable to walk on the street. itItIt Suddenly ___began to rain. He found __ hard to walk there. Then he took a bus home. Unfortunately ___ went wrong. When he got home, he was wet through. Thus ___ was a day that he would never forget.ititititEg: It was a sunny day. Peter decided
to go for a walk to the park, though
it was two miles away. It can be used as impersonal
pronouns to talk about time, date, distance or weather and so on.
S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to
do sth.
The chairman thought ___ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(05全国)Sentence patterns:it …
find possiblefeel
…important
/that形式宾语
2. S+ V + it + one’s duty +
( for sb. ) to do sth. /that
3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth.
no use 形式宾语I think it his duty to clean the
blackboard.Sentence patterns: …
a rulean honour … …
find possible
S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /that
feel important
… …Sentence patterns:形式宾语 …
a rule
2. S+ V + it + one’s duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /that
an honour
…
3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth.
no use I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全国)点拨:这是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词(如like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate等)或包含介词的动词短语(如see to, depend on等)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.I like (enjoy, hate…) it when
I would appreciate it if…
…see to (depend on…) it thatSentence patterns:it形式宾语I’d appreciate _____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. （2006山东） 解析:这是考查it作为形式宾语用法的一道高考题。句子意思是：如果你愿意教我怎样用电脑，我会非常感激你的。it作为形式宾语，代替后面由if引导的整个句子。itPlease see to it that the door is locked.
See to it that you are here on time tomorrow morning.
You may depend on it that it is true.
You may depend on it that we support you
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having the answers ready will be of great help.
2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
3. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.形式主语高考真题 It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary， strange， natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气. It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
5. It is said (reported,thought,believed....) that ... It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 6. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
8. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂ It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that sb has/have done sth It was the first time that sb had done sth
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
10. It is .... since ...。 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is ... when ...。 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂ It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
12. It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为“．．．之后．．．”。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens (seems， appears) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．．
14. It takes sb. ... to do sth. It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English.
16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ... 该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 “不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。 It doesn’t matter if they are old. 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. It 作形式主语时，常用于下列四种结构，且有固定译法 a)?it + be + noun + that-clause it is a fact that…事实上是…… it is common knowledge that众所周知的是…… it is a question that………是个问题 it is a pity that…可惜的是…… it is a wonder that………真是个奇迹 it is a shame that…可耻的是…… it is an honor that…非常荣幸…… it is a common saying that…俗话说…… it is no good that………是没用的 it is no use that…? 做……是无用的 it is one's turn to do 轮到……做…… it is one's duty to do 做……是……的职责 it is one's fault to do 做……是……的过错 it is worth that 可以看出…；可以说……； it is no wonder that…难怪…… it is no good that..做……是没用的 it is no harm that做…是无害的，无妨是… I think it would be a good idea to do 我认为做……是个好主意 it is a great joy/pleasure to do 高兴做…… it is a shame to do 做……不光彩 it is good manners to do 做……是有礼貌的 it is a waste of time to do…做……是浪费时间 b)?it + be + adjective + that-clause it is certain that…很肯定的是 …… it is clear/evident that…很清楚…… it is unlikely that…未必会，不见得，不太可能 it is likely that…很可能…… it is better that…最好…… it is natural that…很自然…… it is necessary that...有必要…… it is obvious that … 很明显…… it is important that..重要的是……，……是重要的 it is impossible that………是不可能的
( c.) It is / was p.p. + that-clause
it is announced that…据称……，有人宣称…… it is observed that… 值得注意的是…… it is arranged that….已经商定…… it is pointed out that….有人指出…… it is proposed that 有人提议…，一般认为…… it is regarded/thought that 人们认为…… it is considered that 人们认为…，据估计…… it is declared that…据宣称……，有人宣布 it is described that… 据说……， it is expected that…人们希望……，预期…… it is generally accepted that通常人们认为…… it is believed/recognized that 普遍认为…… it is hoped that…人们希望…… it should be noted that 应该注意/指出…….；
it used to be said that ..常言道…… it was noted above that 如上所述…… it will be said that 有人会说…… it will be seen from that 由此可见…… it is stated that据称；据说；有人说；一般认为 it is suggested that 有人提议；据建议 it is supposed that 据推测；假定；人们猜测 it is usually considered that 通常认为 it is well known that? 大家都知道，众所周知 it is not settled whether 是否……还未决定 d)?it + intransitive verb（不及物动词） + that-clause it seems that/as if? 好像是…… it happens/happened that 碰巧…… it follows that 由此可见…… it matters that 要紧的是…… it occurs/occurred to sb that 某人想到…… it struck me that 我突然想到…… it appears to …that ..在……看来似乎
it doesn't matter if/whether 即使……也无妨 it goes without saying that ……不言而喻 it is not until … that…直到……才…… it is up to somebody to do 该……做…… it remains to be proved that 尚待证明 it remains to be seen that 尚待分晓 it remains for sb to do 有待某人做…… it so fell out that 结果是，终于 it turned out that证明是，结果是 it is worth notice that 值得注意的是 it looks as if 看起来好像，似乎 在一些固定用法中考查 常见的固定用法有:
make it 成功，安排在或定在某时间
forget it 别提了，忘了它吧
Don’t mention it 别提了，表示不用谢
It doesn’t matter 没关系
It(That) depends 视情况而定
You guessed it 你猜着了
It’s hard to say 很难说
It’s up to you to do sth.由你来决定做某事it makes no difference that…都是一样，无区别 it is not just like sb to do 某人不会做…… it takes somebody something to do 某人花费……做…… 习惯用法 it all depends=that depends? 视情况而定 if it is convenient to you 如果你方面的话 believe it or not 信不信由你 take it easy 别着急，慢慢来，别紧张，
as it is 但是实际上，其实 see (to it ) that 设法使，务必做到 what become of somebody/something 是……的结局，发生于?? if it had not been for 若不是=but for it was not long before 不久就 cab it 乘车??? brave it out 拼命干到底 walk it 步行? do/go it alone单枪匹马的干 beat it =go away 滚 make it =succeed in doing 办成功 come it 尽自己的分内事
come it strong 做的过分 lord it over 欺压
take it out of sb 拿某人出气
have it out with sb 和某人讲个明白
be hard put to it 在艰难之中 You're it. 你下一个（用于儿童游戏中） Is that it? = Is that all you wanted me for? 你要的就是这些吗？㈡.it的重要句型 1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It is the ability to do the job__ matters not where you come from or what you are.
It is / was + 被强调的部分 +that / who+句子其他成分强调句型高考真题thatTranslate the following:
过了很久他才回来.
2. 我们很久后才会见面的.
3. 我离开这所学校已经很久了.
It was long before he came back.It will be long before we meet again.It is long since I left this school.It is +时间段+since(过去时)...It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时)…It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时)…易误辨析: 高考真题
1.（2014，全国课标卷Ⅰ，语法填空65）It took years of work 65_______ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.to reduce2.（2014，广东卷，语法填空16）Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _16__________ was a
wonderful holiday destination.it3.(2014,辽宁卷，语法填空65）Raise your leg and let_65_________stay in the air for seconds.4.(2014.四川.3）Was it because Jack came late for school___________ Mr. Smith got angry?itthat
5. (2014 ·湖南，33） It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _______makes life happy. that解析：考查强调句。句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情而是喜欢我们要做的事情才使得人生幸福快乐。It is / was + 被强调的部分 +that / who+句子其他成分
6.(2014.福建，29）It was the culture ,rather than the language ,___________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.that7.(2013.天津，11）It was not until near the end of the letter____________ she mentioned her own plan.that8. If I can help ___, I don’t like working late into the night.
9.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ___ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
10. I’d appreciate ___ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
11. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
itititIt 高考试题解析
1. (2005, 全国Ⅲ) The doctor advised Vesa strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help.
2. (2004,全国Ⅲ) -Do you like here?
-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.
3. (2000,上海) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see .
ititwho it is根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用于不确定指代或模糊指代。说话时,不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。
4. (2007, 全国Ⅰ)–Have you heard the latest news?
–No, what ?
5. (2006,全国Ⅰ) If I can help , I don’t like working late into the night.
6. (2002,北京) -He was nearly drowned once.
-When was ?
- was in 1998 when he was in Middle School.
7. (2005，浙江) We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found we like yet.
is itit指代上文提及的latest news。ithelp是“阻止、避免”的意思，it指代下文的事情。thatItit指时间。one表示任意一幢房子。
8.I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than __ in the city.
9. (2004,北京) The Foreign Minister said, “ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.
10. (2005,上海) in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
that分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代the air，且有in the city后置定语修饰。It is由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语It is requiredit为形式主语，在此结构中done为required/suggested/demanded/recommended等时，从句必须用should + 动词原形，且should可以省略。
11. (2006,全国Ⅱ) It is no __ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
12. (2007,天津)He didn’t make __ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
13. (2006,湖南)As the busiest woman in Norton, she made __ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
useitit分析：为固定结构it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。It为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式。
writing
Unit One Art
【题目要求】
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写封回信。
要点：
1.参加中文学习班; 2. 看中文书刊、电视；
3.学唱中文歌曲； 4.交中国朋友。
注意:
1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2.词数120左右。
【 联想词汇】
写出下列单词和短语
1.建议
2.参加中文学习班
3.交中国朋友
suggestion
take a Chinese course
make Chinese friends
【由词连句】
1.参加中文学习班很重要，因为你将能够和同学一起练习中文。
, as you will be able to your fellow students.
It is important to take a Chinese courselearn from the teacher and practise with
2.看电视和阅读中文书籍很有好处。
and read books in Chinese.
3.学唱中文歌曲应该是个好主意。
to learn and sing Chinese songs.
4.你也可以多交中国朋友，他们会帮助你学习中文。
You can also will help you learn Chinese.
It is helpful to watch TVIt should be a good ideamake more Chinese friends, who
【连句成篇】Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions. First ,it is important to take a Chinese course, as you will be able to learn from the teacher and practise with your fellow students .Then, it is also helpful to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.
Besides ,it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words easily .You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write me in Chinese next time.
Best wishes.
Yours,
li Hua
Unit Two Poems
【题目要求】
请根据下面的英文短诗，展开适当的想象，写一篇短文。标题为：My Teacher Mr.Moore
My Teacher Mr.Moore
There’s a teacher Mr.Moore.
Who is lovely and thirty-four.
Always encouraging us to try.
He leads us a world of “why”.
We all admire him more and more.注意：1.不得照抄短诗原文。
2.必须结合短诗的内容，发挥想象，适当展开。
3.必须突出短诗的主题，结构完整，语意连贯。
4.短文不能写成诗歌形式。
5.词数:120左右。
【 联想词汇】
写出下列单词和短语
1.就某人的年龄而言
2.与……比较（作状语）
3.依照某人的看法
4提出一个问题
for one’s agecompared withIn one’s opinionput forward a question【由词连句】
1.在我所有的老师当中，Mr. Moore给我留下最深刻的印象。
Of all my teacher, Mr. Moore is
impresses me most.
2.与其他老师相比，更加注意他的教学方法。
other teachers, Mr. Moore
his way of teaching.the one whoCompared withpays more attention to 3.在他的帮助下，我们学会了如何分析和解决问题。
，we’ve learned
and settle problems.
4.他是一位学者,我们都非常钦佩他。
He is we all admire
him very much.With his helphow to analyzesuch a learned person that【连句成篇】
My Teacher Mr. Moore
Of all my teacher , Mr. Moore is the one who impresses me most. Though he is 34,he looks very young for his age. And he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school.
Compared with other teachers, Mr. Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching .He tries various ways to make his classes lively and interesting. In his opinion, we should not only know “what” ,but also understand “why” .So, instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions. With his help ,we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.
What a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to!
He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much. Unit Three A healthy life
【题目要求】
如何回复建议信
假如你是某报社编辑Bob，收到了李华的一封来信。请仔细阅读下面的来信，并用英语写一封回信，就他遇到的问题进行分析并提出合理建议。
Dear Bob,
I’m a student from Xinhua Senior High School. I have some difficulties communicating with my parents. Although I have tried my best ,I find it really difficult to make them satisfied. …So I feel lonely sometimes. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
Best wishes, Yours,
Li Hua 注意：1.词数：100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【 联想词汇】
写出下列单词和短语
1.做某事有困难
2.青少年时代
3.代沟
4.与某人分享某物
5.对某人抱高期望
6.不辜负
【由词连句】
1.这是好多人都会遇到的一个常见问题，其原因就在我们所谓的 “代沟”。
shared by many ,whose cause lies in what we call “generation gap”.have trouble (in) doing sth.adolescencegeneration gapshare sth. with sb. place high expectations on sb.live up to It’s a common problem2.对孩子抱过高期望不是他们的错。
It is not their fault to place
3.只要父母知道你已经尽最大努力来达到他们的标准，我相信他们对你会满意的。
so long as they know you have tried your best to live up to their standards.
4.不管怎样，你的父母是这个世界上最爱你的人。
Anyway ,there is no one who loves you
too high expectations on thetheir child.I believe they will be satisfied with you more than your parents in the world..【连句成篇】
Dear li Hua,
I feel greatly honored to be trusted with your personal affairs .
I have to say that you are not alone when having trouble communicating with parents. Almost everybody had it when they were in their adolescence. Therefore ,it’s a common problem shared by many, whose cause lies in what we call “generation gap”.
As for my advice for you ,first of all, don’t hide your feelings. You can make it a routine to share your thoughts with your parents. Secondly , convince them
that you have tried your best .It is not their fault to place too high expectations on their child. I believe they will be satisfied with you so long as they know you have tried to live up to their standards. Anyway ,there is no one who loves you more than your parents in the
world. Whatever you are, they will always be there for you .Love them ,and love can heal everything.
Good luck!
Yours,
Bob Unit Four Global warming
【题目要求】
根据 Earth Care’s suggestions中的要点向学生们介绍应注意的事情，通过这些方法达到减少 carbon dioxide 的排放量，以保护环境。
【联系词汇】
1 .节省能源
2.给出建议
3.关掉
4.循环使用
5.鼓励某人干某事
save energygive some advice turn offrecycleencourage sb. to do sth.
【由词连句】
1.多穿衣服，而不是打开空调。（用祈使句）
instead of turning on the air conditioner.
2.买可循环使用的物品。（定语从句）
Buy things
3.鼓励父母多使用节能电器。（用祈使句）
energy-saving electrical appliances.
Put on more clothesthat can be recycledEncourage your parents to use
【连句成篇】
A poster
In order to save energy and reduce the carbon dioxide in the air,we give some advice for students to follow:
1.Turn off the light ,the TV and the computer after you use them;
2.Put on more clothes instead of turning on the air conditioner;
3.Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a motor vehicle;
4.Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers;
5.Buy things that can be recycled;
6.Encourage your parents to use energy-saving electrical appliances;
7.Plant more trees in the school yard.Unit Five The power of nature◇连句成篇◇ Compared with natural disasters，such as typhoon，hurricane，flood，earthquake and volcano，humans are weak.Wherever the lava flows，everything is buried under the molten rock.People are in panic and anxious about their safety.The firemen make their way to the places on fire.Though they make every effort to put out the fire，many houses are burnt to the ground.Thank you !
Unit 1
Art
Unit 1
Art1.???faith? n.信仰；信任；信心
have faith in sb./sth.对某人/某事有信心
lose faith in 不再信任,对…失去信心
be faithful to sb. [sth.] 忠实于某人[某事]
faithful adj.忠实的
faithfully adv.忠实地
2.??aim?? n. 目标；目的；瞄准
vi.&vt.瞄准（向某方向）努力
take aim (at) 瞄准
aim at向…瞄准；旨在，针对；志在
aim high胸 怀大志; 力争上游
3.? typical adj. 典型的, 象征性的;不出所料；特有的
be typical of…是…代表; 象征
4.??adopt vt. 采用,采纳; 收养
adoption n.采用;收养
形近词: adapt v. 使适应, 改编
adaptation n. 适应, 改编, 改写本
5. convince vt. 使确信；使信服
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
be convinced of sth. 相信某事
be convinced that+从句相信某事
6.? attempt? n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt.尝试；企图
attempt sth.试图做……; 努力去执行(完成)某事 ?
attempt to do企图做某事
make an attempt at sth／to do sth.企图做某事 7.???a great deal大量
表示“许多，大量” 的词组：
可用于修饰不可数名词： a great deal of/a good deal of/a large amount of/much/not a little
可用于修饰可数名词： a few/quite a few/a good many/a great many/a great number of
既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词 ：
a lot of/a large quantity of/large quantities of/plenty of??8. by coincidence巧合地?
? by accident 碰巧，偶然
by chance碰巧，偶然
on purpose故意
happen to do 碰巧做某事
9. in the flesh活着的；本人
10.??be ?in possession of sth. 拥有（主语是人)
in one’s possession= in the possession of sb.
为……所有;归……所有(主语是物)
take possession of sth占有,拥有某物（主语是人)
in charge of 负全责, 经管,
in the charge of 由……负责，经营
take charge of 负责,看管 11.??in consequence因此，结果
in consequence of... 的结果，因为...的缘故,由于
as a consequence因而， 结果
12.??appeal to（对某人）有吸引力；向...呼吁[请求]
appeal to sb. for为...向某人呼吁[请求]
appeal for aid请求援助
appeal for mercy 请求宽恕
13.look through 看穿；审核；浏览；透过……看
14.on the one hand …( 从一方面来说…… ），on the other hand …(从另一方面来说…… ）常被用来比较两件不同的事情或两个不同的观点。
for one thing …and for another...“一来……二来……”,常被用来列举一些理由。
15.concentrate on 关注；集中精力于
16.be up to sb.由某人决定；是……的责任
be up to (doing) sth.胜任（某事）；做……
17.be well worth a visit 很值得一看
be (well） worth+
be worth doing =be worthy
值得做
be worth +n.=be worthy of +n.值得……
n./pron.doing（很）值得……of being doneto be done17. have a preference for 偏爱……
have a preference of sth. to/over another
宁要某物而不要另一个
in preference to 优先于……
prefer v. 宁可; 宁愿; 更喜欢
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿……而不愿……
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.
与……相比更喜欢……
Unit 2
Poems
Unit 2
Poems
1.convey sb/sth from ……to…..传送，运送
2. 交换：exchange sth….for…sth
exchange sth…with sb
in exchange for 交换
3. run out of/run out 用完，花光
4. in particular尤其，特别
be particular about /over 对……讲究，挑剔
5.let out发出 ，放走
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上
let go 放手，放开，释放
let/leave sb /sth alone 对……放任不管，别烦
let down 把……放下，使……失望
let in 允许进入，容许，许可。
6.have a need for 需要
7.try on , 试穿; 用,,来骗人
try out 试验;测试性格或能力
8. be made up of =consist of由……构成,组成
be made of 由……构成(看出原料的样子)
be made from由……构成(看不出原料的样子)
make up 编造，组成，化妆，弥补
make up for 弥补
make out 理解;辨认出
make it 获得成功;准时到达
make for sth. 向……移动;促成……
9.in a way 以某种方式；从某种意义上说
all the way 一路上；一直
in the way 碍事；阻碍
on one’s /the way 在旅途中；即将发生
by the way 顺便说说；顺便提起
by way of 经由
give way to 屈服；被取代
no way 绝不 10. take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
take one’s time 不匆忙，不急，慢慢来
take one’ s chances 碰运气
take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
take …for granted 认为……理所当然
11. make sense 有意义
12. play with the words 玩弄词语
13. turn to 转向，求助于，变成
14. pass --- to 把---传给---
15. thousands of fans 数以千计的粉丝
16 . translate --- into 把---翻译成---
17. stay up /sit up 熬夜
18. day by day / day after day 日复一日
19. run away 跑掉
20. on fire 着火，燃烧
21. bow to 向---弯腰，鞠躬
22.have fun 玩的高兴
23.hold on 别挂断；继续；坚持；保持
24.by oneself 独自地；独立地
25.start with 以……开始;先做…….
begin with以……开始;先做…….
to start with /to begin with 首先,第一
Unit 3
A healthy life
1. reduce stress减少压力
under the stress of在……的压力下
place/lay/put stress on重视，强调
2. be addicted to (doing) sth.沉溺于……；专心于……
addict n.吸毒成瘾的人，瘾君子；对……入迷的人
addiction n.沉溺，上瘾
addictive adj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
3. be/feel ashamed of对(于)……感到羞耻/惭愧
be ashamed to do sth.因惭愧/羞耻而勉强做某事
be ashamed that...感到羞耻，感到惭愧
shame n.羞耻，惭愧；让人遗憾的事
It’s a shame that...真遗憾……
shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的
shameless adj.不知羞耻的
4. accustom oneself to(doing) sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事
accustomed adj.习惯于……的；惯常的
be/get/become accustomed to (doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事
5. due to因为，由于，作表语或状语，通常不置于句首
due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
be due to do sth.预期做某事，预定做某事
be due to sth./sb.归因于某事/某人；某人应得的
be due for sth.应有；应得到
表示“因为，由于”的常用短语有 :
because of，owing to，thanks to，on account of，
as a result of，as a consequence of。
6. get into a talk/a fight/an argument参与讨论/斗殴/争论
get into the habit of养成/染上……习惯
get into trouble陷入麻烦,
get into debt欠债
7. feel like
would like to do sth.
want to do sth. 想要做某事
feel like doing sth.
enjoy/be fond of doing sth.喜欢做某事
feel as if/though感觉好像
8. before作为连词，其基本含义是“在……之前”，“才，还没来得及就……，趁……”等。
It won’t be＋时间段＋before...用不了多长时间就会……(before从句用一般现在时)
It will be＋时间段＋before...得过多长时间才……(before从句用一般现在时)
It wasn’t＋时间段＋before...没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)
It was＋时间段＋before...过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)
9. As 引导定语从句：
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。
它引导的从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后，还可以位于主句中间。
(2)as引导限制性定语从句，先行词前有the same，as，so，such修饰。
10. ban (banned, banned) vt. 禁止, 取缔 ban/forbid禁止
ban…from sth./doing sth.
forbid sb. to do sth.
forbid doing sth.
11.quit 停止做, 过去式和过去分词均为quit,
现在分词为quitting
quit doing sth.停止做某事
12. remind v. 提醒; 使想起, 使记起
①remind sb. of / about sth.
提醒某人某物/某事
② remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
13.reach for 伸手拿东西
reach n. 伸手可及之距离
within reach of 很方便的地方
out of reach.
够不着.
Unit 4
Global warming
1． 反对
2． 发生，造成
3． 同意，订购
4． 大量的
5． 上升，增长
6． 大体上，基本上
7． 代表……一方
8． 忍受，容忍
9． 只要
10． 等等
11． 温室效应
12． 继续be opposed to come about .subscribe to a quantity of go up on the whole on behalf of put up with so long as and so on greenhouse effect keep on
13.compare v． 比较
(1)compare...with/to...把……与……比较；对照
compare...to...把……比作……
compare...and...比较……和……
compare notes(with sb.)(与某人)交换看法或意见
compared to/with...与……相比较而言(常置于句首作状语)
14. a quantity/quantities of大量(+可数或不可数名词), a vast/large/great/good/small/quantity of大量的(+可数或不可数名词); 无论a quantity of后面的名词
可数还是不可数，谓语动词都要用单数；无论quantities of后面的名词可数还是不可数，谓语动词都要用复数。
15. range from...to...范围从……到……
beyond the range of超越……的范围
within range of...在……范围内
16. keep on 继续（干），坚持（干）
keep up 保持（下去），继续（下去）
keep off 避开，不要踩（吃，谈等）
keep up with 跟上，不落在……后面
17. oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
(1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb.doing sth.
反对某事/做某事/某人做某事
oppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的
be opposed to...反对……；与……对立
18.put up with忍受，容忍（=bear/tolerate sth.）
put up 举起，搭建，张贴，留……住宿
put on 穿上，上演
put away 收起来，存蓄
put aside节省，储蓄，储存
put in 插嘴说，安装
put out 扑灭，出版
put off 推迟，让……下车
put down 写下，放下
put forward提出建议；把……向前拨
put through接通电话
19.on average平均地；通常；按平均值
up to average达到平均数，达到一般水准
20.come about 发生；造成
(1)come about是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。
(2)come across偶然碰见，无意中找到
come on跟着来，跟上来；[口]得啦，快点
come out出来，出现；(芽)生出来；(花)开；出版，发行
come to总计，达到；归纳为
come up走近；上(楼)去；(从土中)长出，发芽；被提出
come up with赶上；提出(建议)
Unit 5
The power of nature
1. 用……装备起来 equip sb./sth. with sth.
一台设备 a piece of equipment
2.appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
make /fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
keep an /one’s appointment 守约
break an /one’s appointment 违约，失约
3. make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
4.suit sth. to sb. 使某事适合某人的口味
be suitable for sb./ sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
5.burn to the ground 全部焚毁
burn down 焚毁，烧塌
burn up （被）烧毁，烧得更旺
burn out 熄灭，烧完
burn oneself out 耗尽精力，精疲力竭
6. make one’s way 前往
make way (for) 让路，让位
feel one’s way 摸索前进
push one’s way 挤过
find one’s way 找到路，设法到达
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
fight one’s way 打开一条血路
7.正在这时/那时,突然…….
be doing …when…
be about to/going to do /on the point of
doing something when …
had just done something when…
8.辨析be about to do ,be going to do, be to do
be about to do 表示最近的将来, 意为“即将”，不可与具体的时间状语连用。
be going to do多表示计划或安排 ,意为“打算”，可与具体的时间状语连用。
be to do 表示约定的，计划中的或按职责、义务、要求即将发生的动作，还可以指注定要发生的动作。
9.be conscious of 意识到……
10.be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious for sb. to do急于让某人做……
with anxiety 焦虑的
11.have an appreciation of 对……有欣赏力
appreciate (one’s) doing sth.感谢某人做了某事
appreciate it when /if 从句 如果……,将不胜感激
12.guarantee to do sth. 保证要做某事
guarantee sb. Sth.
guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人担保某事
13. glance through 匆匆看一遍
glance at 看一下
glance over 粗略一看，浏览
at first glance 乍一看，乍看之下
give/take a glance at 对……匆匆一看
14.have a gift for…有……的天分
15.be lucky to do sth.有幸做……
16.vary from A to B=vary between A and B
从……变得……,由……到……不等
a variety of =varieties of 各种各样的
17.be home to…是……的栖息地;原产地
at home and abroad 国内外
back home回家/回国
feel/be/look at home 舒适自在;无拘束
Grammar
Subjunctive mood(虚拟语气）一、语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:
陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadn’t come back home yet.
祈使语气 Let’s go. Don’t touch anything on the table until the bell rings.关于陈述语气 1What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气 4虚拟语气
If I were you, I would not leave
her alone.
Our teacher suggested that we go
to the library this afternoon.V+ ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. V. + ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。
If it were not raining, we should go for
a picnic.
如果他来这儿, 他就能够帮助你了。
If he came here, he might be able to
help you. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加
这次聚会了。
She would have gone to the party if she
had been invited.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会
睡过头了。
If she hadn’t called me, I would have
overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
If I were to be twenty years old next
year, I would take the course of French.
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
If it should fail, I would try again.1. 如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。If you _______ here five minutes earlier, you
_________________ the bus.2. 如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。If I ____ not busy, I __________ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What ______ we do if it ____________
tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I ____________ busy last night,
I _______________ to see the
film with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _________ more carefully,
he ____________________ the car
accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I ___________(know) your telephone
number, I ______________________
(telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语从句现在: 过去时(were)
过去: 过去完成时(had done)
未来: would/could/might +V.(原) shouldI wish everyday were my birthday.I wish I hadn't eaten so much food.I wish I would grow tall.我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。
I wish I were ten years younger now.
我昨天要是遇见他就好了。
I wish I had met him yesterday.
我希望成为一名科学家。
I wish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon. 表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. would rather that现在:
过去:
未来:★ I would rather you paid me now.
★ I would rather I hadn’t come yesterday.
★ I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句 现在：
过去：过去时过去完成时★ She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
★ I remember the whole thing as if it had
happened yesterday.我们该去睡觉了。4. It’s (about/high) time +that过去时(were)
should(不省) +V.你该走了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令，
三个建议，四个要求。即
1) insist
2) order, command
3) advise, suggest, propose
4) demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____ (obey) the rules.
2) He insisted that she ___ (be) seriously ill and that ______ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3) He suggested that we ____ (have) a meeting at once.
4) His pale face suggested that he ____ (be) ill.havewas在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice,
decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、
同位语从句中, 要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词
应用should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that
不能省略。例：6.表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气My suggestion is that we (should) go there
at once. What do you think of his proposal that we
(should) put on a play at the English evening? My idea is that we (should) get more people
to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a
meeting next week.It is strange that _____________________.
他居然会这样说, 真是奇怪。
It is a great pity that ___________________.
他居然会这样想, 真是一件憾事。7.It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/
pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause 从句中
的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形he ( should ) say sohe ( should ) think soIt is natural that _________________________.
鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。
It is necessary that
_____________________________.
有必要立即派他去北京。 a bird (should) rest in treeshe be sent to Beijing right away8.在It is/was suggested /ordered /demanded /
proposed / etc. 结构中要使用虚拟语气。如: It’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
It is ordered that all the troops (should)
withdraw three miles away.
根据命令, 所有部队撤至三英哩以外。It is arranged that he
____________________________.
照安排, 他星期五动身去加拿大。
It is suggested that ______________________
__________________.
有人建议, 英语晚会周六举行。 leave for Canada on Fridaythe English evening beheld on Saturday★很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。
It is strange that she refuse to come to
the party.
★ 我们有必要努力学习。
It’s necessary that we should study hard.
9. 虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中，
“要是……就好了”
If only I were a flying bird!
= How I wish I were a flying bird!
要是我看过那部电影就好了！
If only I had seen the film!
=How I wish I had seen the film!10. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.★要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。
If it had not been for your help, we
couldn’t have finished the work ahead
of time.
= But for your help…
= Without your help…
= Had it not been for your help,…11. 混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一
致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，
这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的
混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时
（指过去行为），而主句用一般时
（指目前状态）。★如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.
★假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么
办了。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know
what to do now.
★假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。
If I were you, I would not have broken the
glass. 12. 连词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,
had和should时, 可省略if, 把were, had
和should放到从句主语前面去, 多见于
书面语。
★要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Had you not helped me, I should
have failed.★ 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Were you in my position, you would
do the same.
★ 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底
消灭干净。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe
them out completely. 错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词
发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。
主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：If the United States had built more homes for
poor people in 1955, the housing problems now
in some parts of this country
so serious. wouldn’t be如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。
If you had followed my advice, you would
be better now.
如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学
生，四年后就会大学毕业了。
If you had studied hard before, you
would be a college student now, and
you would graduate from a college in
four years’ time.② 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should,
were, had三个助动词，可以把 if 省略，并将这
三个词提至句首。_______ she a man, she might be elected
president.Were If I had time, I would come.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go
climbing.
Had I time, I would come.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go
climbing.③ 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等词隐含某种假设。I lost your address, otherwise I
would have visited you long before.没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。
Without your help, we couldn’t have
succeeded in the experiment.
要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。
But for the rain, we would have finished
the work.④ 常见的几种固定句式。 如 If only, insist, suggest 及It’s time/ necessary/important that 从句等等。1.If only I had listened to(listen to )my parents’
advice!
2.His silence at the meeting suggested that he
didn’t agree (not agree) to your plan. 3.The old professor gave orders that the
experiment be finished?(finish) before 6. 4.It’s high time he went (go) home. 5.Even if he were (be) here, he couldn’t
solve the problem. If I __________ (know) more about giving
first aid, I _______________ (help) them
when the accident happened.
2. If I ______ (be) a man, I ___________
(run) for president.
3. —Do you think the thief entered through
the side door?
—No, if he _______ (have), he _________
____________(not break) the window of
the living room.had knowncould have helpedwerewould runhad hadwouldn’thave broken. Complete the sentences.4. I would rather you __________
(stay) at home last night.
5. I wish that the rain __________
(stop) immediately.
6. They talked as if they _________
(be) good friends for many years.had beenhad stayedwould stop 高考真题1.（2014.北京，34）We _______________(be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
2. (2014.陕西，23) We would rather our daughter __________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
3.(2014.湖南，22） If Mr. Dewey __________________ (be) present ,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.would bestayed had been4.(2014.安徽，30) People are recycling many things which they _____________________(throw) away in the past.
5.(2014.重庆，13) It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______________(do) it?
6.（2014.浙江，16）They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _________________(come) to our help.would have thrownhad donewould have comeIt的用法
指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. So you are going to be married this time？
When is it？
指环境: It was very quiet in the café. 指距离：
It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre. 指不知性别的人： Who is it? ---It’s me. Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 指某件事： It doesn’t matter. /It is a shame, isn’t it?it可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象基本用法: ____ was a sunny day. Peter decided to go for a walk to the park, though _____ was two miles away. ___ was so comfortable to walk on the street. itItIt Suddenly ___began to rain. He found __ hard to walk there. Then he took a bus home. Unfortunately ___ went wrong. When he got home, he was wet through. Thus ___ was a day that he would never forget.ititititEg: It was a sunny day. Peter decided
to go for a walk to the park, though
it was two miles away. It can be used as impersonal
pronouns to talk about time, date, distance or weather and so on.
S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to
do sth.
The chairman thought ___ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(05全国)Sentence patterns:it …
find possiblefeel
…important
/that形式宾语
2. S+ V + it + one’s duty +
( for sb. ) to do sth. /that
3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth.
no use 形式宾语I think it his duty to clean the
blackboard.Sentence patterns: …
a rulean honour … …
find possible
S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /that
feel important
… …Sentence patterns:形式宾语 …
a rule
2. S+ V + it + one’s duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /that
an honour
…
3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth.
no use I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全国)点拨:这是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词(如like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate等)或包含介词的动词短语(如see to, depend on等)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.I like (enjoy, hate…) it when
I would appreciate it if…
…see to (depend on…) it thatSentence patterns:it形式宾语I’d appreciate _____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. （2006山东） 解析:这是考查it作为形式宾语用法的一道高考题。句子意思是：如果你愿意教我怎样用电脑，我会非常感激你的。it作为形式宾语，代替后面由if引导的整个句子。itPlease see to it that the door is locked.
See to it that you are here on time tomorrow morning.
You may depend on it that it is true.
You may depend on it that we support you
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having the answers ready will be of great help.
2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
3. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.形式主语高考真题 It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary， strange， natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气. It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
5. It is said (reported,thought,believed....) that ... It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 6. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
8. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂ It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that sb has/have done sth It was the first time that sb had done sth
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
10. It is .... since ...。 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is ... when ...。 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂ It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
12. It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为“．．．之后．．．”。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens (seems， appears) that... 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．．
14. It takes sb. ... to do sth. It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English.
16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ... 该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 “不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。 It doesn’t matter if they are old. 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有：① important， necessary， natural ② easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. It 作形式主语时，常用于下列四种结构，且有固定译法 a)?it + be + noun + that-clause it is a fact that…事实上是…… it is common knowledge that众所周知的是…… it is a question that………是个问题 it is a pity that…可惜的是…… it is a wonder that………真是个奇迹 it is a shame that…可耻的是…… it is an honor that…非常荣幸…… it is a common saying that…俗话说…… it is no good that………是没用的 it is no use that…? 做……是无用的 it is one's turn to do 轮到……做…… it is one's duty to do 做……是……的职责 it is one's fault to do 做……是……的过错 it is worth that 可以看出…；可以说……； it is no wonder that…难怪…… it is no good that..做……是没用的 it is no harm that做…是无害的，无妨是… I think it would be a good idea to do 我认为做……是个好主意 it is a great joy/pleasure to do 高兴做…… it is a shame to do 做……不光彩 it is good manners to do 做……是有礼貌的 it is a waste of time to do…做……是浪费时间 b)?it + be + adjective + that-clause it is certain that…很肯定的是 …… it is clear/evident that…很清楚…… it is unlikely that…未必会，不见得，不太可能 it is likely that…很可能…… it is better that…最好…… it is natural that…很自然…… it is necessary that...有必要…… it is obvious that … 很明显…… it is important that..重要的是……，……是重要的 it is impossible that………是不可能的
( c.) It is / was p.p. + that-clause
it is announced that…据称……，有人宣称…… it is observed that… 值得注意的是…… it is arranged that….已经商定…… it is pointed out that….有人指出…… it is proposed that 有人提议…，一般认为…… it is regarded/thought that 人们认为…… it is considered that 人们认为…，据估计…… it is declared that…据宣称……，有人宣布 it is described that… 据说……， it is expected that…人们希望……，预期…… it is generally accepted that通常人们认为…… it is believed/recognized that 普遍认为…… it is hoped that…人们希望…… it should be noted that 应该注意/指出…….；
it used to be said that ..常言道…… it was noted above that 如上所述…… it will be said that 有人会说…… it will be seen from that 由此可见…… it is stated that据称；据说；有人说；一般认为 it is suggested that 有人提议；据建议 it is supposed that 据推测；假定；人们猜测 it is usually considered that 通常认为 it is well known that? 大家都知道，众所周知 it is not settled whether 是否……还未决定 d)?it + intransitive verb（不及物动词） + that-clause it seems that/as if? 好像是…… it happens/happened that 碰巧…… it follows that 由此可见…… it matters that 要紧的是…… it occurs/occurred to sb that 某人想到…… it struck me that 我突然想到…… it appears to …that ..在……看来似乎
it doesn't matter if/whether 即使……也无妨 it goes without saying that ……不言而喻 it is not until … that…直到……才…… it is up to somebody to do 该……做…… it remains to be proved that 尚待证明 it remains to be seen that 尚待分晓 it remains for sb to do 有待某人做…… it so fell out that 结果是，终于 it turned out that证明是，结果是 it is worth notice that 值得注意的是 it looks as if 看起来好像，似乎 在一些固定用法中考查 常见的固定用法有:
make it 成功，安排在或定在某时间
forget it 别提了，忘了它吧
Don’t mention it 别提了，表示不用谢
It doesn’t matter 没关系
It(That) depends 视情况而定
You guessed it 你猜着了
It’s hard to say 很难说
It’s up to you to do sth.由你来决定做某事it makes no difference that…都是一样，无区别 it is not just like sb to do 某人不会做…… it takes somebody something to do 某人花费……做…… 习惯用法 it all depends=that depends? 视情况而定 if it is convenient to you 如果你方面的话 believe it or not 信不信由你 take it easy 别着急，慢慢来，别紧张，
as it is 但是实际上，其实 see (to it ) that 设法使，务必做到 what become of somebody/something 是……的结局，发生于?? if it had not been for 若不是=but for it was not long before 不久就 cab it 乘车??? brave it out 拼命干到底 walk it 步行? do/go it alone单枪匹马的干 beat it =go away 滚 make it =succeed in doing 办成功 come it 尽自己的分内事
come it strong 做的过分 lord it over 欺压
take it out of sb 拿某人出气
have it out with sb 和某人讲个明白
be hard put to it 在艰难之中 You're it. 你下一个（用于儿童游戏中） Is that it? = Is that all you wanted me for? 你要的就是这些吗？㈡.it的重要句型 1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It is the ability to do the job__ matters not where you come from or what you are.
It is / was + 被强调的部分 +that / who+句子其他成分强调句型高考真题thatTranslate the following:
过了很久他才回来.
2. 我们很久后才会见面的.
3. 我离开这所学校已经很久了.
It was long before he came back.It will be long before we meet again.It is long since I left this school.It is +时间段+since(过去时)...It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时)…It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时)…易误辨析: 高考真题
1.（2014，全国课标卷Ⅰ，语法填空65）It took years of work 65_______ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.to reduce2.（2014，广东卷，语法填空16）Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _16__________ was a
wonderful holiday destination.it3.(2014,辽宁卷，语法填空65）Raise your leg and let_65_________stay in the air for seconds.4.(2014.四川.3）Was it because Jack came late for school___________ Mr. Smith got angry?itthat
5. (2014 ·湖南，33） It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _______makes life happy. that解析：考查强调句。句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情而是喜欢我们要做的事情才使得人生幸福快乐。It is / was + 被强调的部分 +that / who+句子其他成分
6.(2014.福建，29）It was the culture ,rather than the language ,___________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.that7.(2013.天津，11）It was not until near the end of the letter____________ she mentioned her own plan.that8. If I can help ___, I don’t like working late into the night.
9.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ___ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
10. I’d appreciate ___ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
11. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
itititIt 高考试题解析
1. (2005, 全国Ⅲ) The doctor advised Vesa strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help.
2. (2004,全国Ⅲ) -Do you like here?
-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.
3. (2000,上海) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see .
ititwho it is根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用于不确定指代或模糊指代。说话时,不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。
4. (2007, 全国Ⅰ)–Have you heard the latest news?
–No, what ?
5. (2006,全国Ⅰ) If I can help , I don’t like working late into the night.
6. (2002,北京) -He was nearly drowned once.
-When was ?
- was in 1998 when he was in Middle School.
7. (2005，浙江) We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found we like yet.
is itit指代上文提及的latest news。ithelp是“阻止、避免”的意思，it指代下文的事情。thatItit指时间。one表示任意一幢房子。
8.I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than __ in the city.
9. (2004,北京) The Foreign Minister said, “ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.
10. (2005,上海) in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
that分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代the air，且有in the city后置定语修饰。It is由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语It is requiredit为形式主语，在此结构中done为required/suggested/demanded/recommended等时，从句必须用should + 动词原形，且should可以省略。
11. (2006,全国Ⅱ) It is no __ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
12. (2007,天津)He didn’t make __ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
13. (2006,湖南)As the busiest woman in Norton, she made __ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
useitit分析：为固定结构it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。It为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式。
writing
Unit One Art
【题目要求】
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写封回信。
要点：
1.参加中文学习班; 2. 看中文书刊、电视；
3.学唱中文歌曲； 4.交中国朋友。
注意:
1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2.词数120左右。
【 联想词汇】
写出下列单词和短语
1.建议
2.参加中文学习班
3.交中国朋友
suggestion
take a Chinese course
make Chinese friends
【由词连句】
1.参加中文学习班很重要，因为你将能够和同学一起练习中文。
, as you will be able to your fellow students.
It is important to take a Chinese courselearn from the teacher and practise with
2.看电视和阅读中文书籍很有好处。
and read books in Chinese.
3.学唱中文歌曲应该是个好主意。
to learn and sing Chinese songs.
4.你也可以多交中国朋友，他们会帮助你学习中文。
You can also will help you learn Chinese.
It is helpful to watch TVIt should be a good ideamake more Chinese friends, who
【连句成篇】Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions. First ,it is important to take a Chinese course, as you will be able to learn from the teacher and practise with your fellow students .Then, it is also helpful to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.
Besides ,it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words easily .You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write me in Chinese next time.
Best wishes.
Yours,
li Hua
Unit Two Poems
【题目要求】
请根据下面的英文短诗，展开适当的想象，写一篇短文。标题为：My Teacher Mr.Moore
My Teacher Mr.Moore
There’s a teacher Mr.Moore.
Who is lovely and thirty-four.
Always encouraging us to try.
He leads us a world of “why”.
We all admire him more and more.注意：1.不得照抄短诗原文。
2.必须结合短诗的内容，发挥想象，适当展开。
3.必须突出短诗的主题，结构完整，语意连贯。
4.短文不能写成诗歌形式。
5.词数:120左右。
【 联想词汇】
写出下列单词和短语
1.就某人的年龄而言
2.与……比较（作状语）
3.依照某人的看法
4提出一个问题
for one’s agecompared withIn one’s opinionput forward a question【由词连句】
1.在我所有的老师当中，Mr. Moore给我留下最深刻的印象。
Of all my teacher, Mr. Moore is
impresses me most.
2.与其他老师相比，更加注意他的教学方法。
other teachers, Mr. Moore
his way of teaching.the one whoCompared withpays more attention to 3.在他的帮助下，我们学会了如何分析和解决问题。
，we’ve learned
and settle problems.
4.他是一位学者,我们都非常钦佩他。
He is we all admire
him very much.With his helphow to analyzesuch a learned person that【连句成篇】
My Teacher Mr. Moore
Of all my teacher , Mr. Moore is the one who impresses me most. Though he is 34,he looks very young for his age. And he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school.
Compared with other teachers, Mr. Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching .He tries various ways to make his classes lively and interesting. In his opinion, we should not only know “what” ,but also understand “why” .So, instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions. With his help ,we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.
What a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to!
He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much. Unit Three A healthy life
【题目要求】
如何回复建议信
假如你是某报社编辑Bob，收到了李华的一封来信。请仔细阅读下面的来信，并用英语写一封回信，就他遇到的问题进行分析并提出合理建议。
Dear Bob,
I’m a student from Xinhua Senior High School. I have some difficulties communicating with my parents. Although I have tried my best ,I find it really difficult to make them satisfied. …So I feel lonely sometimes. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
Best wishes, Yours,
Li Hua 注意：1.词数：100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【 联想词汇】
写出下列单词和短语
1.做某事有困难
2.青少年时代
3.代沟
4.与某人分享某物
5.对某人抱高期望
6.不辜负
【由词连句】
1.这是好多人都会遇到的一个常见问题，其原因就在我们所谓的 “代沟”。
shared by many ,whose cause lies in what we call “generation gap”.have trouble (in) doing sth.adolescencegeneration gapshare sth. with sb. place high expectations on sb.live up to It’s a common problem2.对孩子抱过高期望不是他们的错。
It is not their fault to place
3.只要父母知道你已经尽最大努力来达到他们的标准，我相信他们对你会满意的。
so long as they know you have tried your best to live up to their standards.
4.不管怎样，你的父母是这个世界上最爱你的人。
Anyway ,there is no one who loves you
too high expectations on thetheir child.I believe they will be satisfied with you more than your parents in the world..【连句成篇】
Dear li Hua,
I feel greatly honored to be trusted with your personal affairs .
I have to say that you are not alone when having trouble communicating with parents. Almost everybody had it when they were in their adolescence. Therefore ,it’s a common problem shared by many, whose cause lies in what we call “generation gap”.
As for my advice for you ,first of all, don’t hide your feelings. You can make it a routine to share your thoughts with your parents. Secondly , convince them
that you have tried your best .It is not their fault to place too high expectations on their child. I believe they will be satisfied with you so long as they know you have tried to live up to their standards. Anyway ,there is no one who loves you more than your parents in the
world. Whatever you are, they will always be there for you .Love them ,and love can heal everything.
Good luck!
Yours,
Bob Unit Four Global warming
【题目要求】
根据 Earth Care’s suggestions中的要点向学生们介绍应注意的事情，通过这些方法达到减少 carbon dioxide 的排放量，以保护环境。
【联系词汇】
1 .节省能源
2.给出建议
3.关掉
4.循环使用
5.鼓励某人干某事
save energygive some advice turn offrecycleencourage sb. to do sth.
【由词连句】
1.多穿衣服，而不是打开空调。（用祈使句）
instead of turning on the air conditioner.
2.买可循环使用的物品。（定语从句）
Buy things
3.鼓励父母多使用节能电器。（用祈使句）
energy-saving electrical appliances.
Put on more clothesthat can be recycledEncourage your parents to use
【连句成篇】
A poster
In order to save energy and reduce the carbon dioxide in the air,we give some advice for students to follow:
1.Turn off the light ,the TV and the computer after you use them;
2.Put on more clothes instead of turning on the air conditioner;
3.Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a motor vehicle;
4.Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers;
5.Buy things that can be recycled;
6.Encourage your parents to use energy-saving electrical appliances;
7.Plant more trees in the school yard.Unit Five The power of nature◇连句成篇◇ Compared with natural disasters，such as typhoon，hurricane，flood，earthquake and volcano，humans are weak.Wherever the lava flows，everything is buried under the molten rock.People are in panic and anxious about their safety.The firemen make their way to the places on fire.Though they make every effort to put out the fire，many houses are burnt to the ground.Thank you !