05科学新知-中考英语时文阅读（含答案解析）

2023年中考英语热点时文阅读
05科学新知
题型 主要内容
1 完型填空 讲述了仁济医院采用了5G的医疗技术让医生观看手术过程，从而提高治愈疾病的故事。
2 阅读理解 中国第一只克隆猫成功被培育出来，意味着中国克隆研究领域向前迈进了一步。
3 阅读理解 介绍了SSD——一副特殊的手套。
4 阅读理解 讲述了科学家尝试在太空种植蔬菜。
5 阅读理解 介绍了在2022年冬奥会期间4个令人们受益匪浅的科技发明产品。
6 阅读理解 介绍了一种高科技的可移动补丁，它可以用在衣服上，并能产生人体所需的热量。
01
Shanghai Renji Hospital broadcast(直播) a cancer(癌症) operation, using 5G technology first in China with the Da Vinci Robotics System. It is the ____1____ robotic system for difficult operations. It uses a minimally invasive approach(微创方法).
The broadcast ____2____ doctors in Renji Hospital’s Ningbo branch(分院) in Zhejiang and their workmates in Shanghai to watch each step of the operation ____3____ at the same time. It was just like being the surgeon(外科医生) in the operation room.
The patient was a 65-year- old woman ____4____ from cancer. The degree of ____5____ for the operation was high. The ____6____ was performed by Zhong Ming, a pioneer surgeon.
The hospital’s Ningbo branch was in ____7____ in 2018. But Zhong Ming, who works in both hospitals, soon found that the doctors in Ningbo did not have enough ____8____ to watch difficult cases and master medical technology. The hospital came up with the ____9____ to broadcast a live operation.
Doctors in Ningbo are able to ____10____ the details of the difficult operation with a wider view. The doctors can see clearly ____11____ Zhong operated on the blood vessels(血管) and nerves(神经). One of the doctors in Ningbo said that in the past they had tried to use other technologies during such broadcasts, but none of them is clear or ____12____ enough. The 5G network helps the medical circle ____13____ the problem. This was the ____14____ time he had watched such a clear broadcast of an operation, and it was impressive(令人印象深刻的).
Maybe one day, we’ll be able to watch a (n) ____15____ broadcast of an operation in Shanghai through our phones with 5G network. Such broadcasts are good for young doctors to learn the most modern technology to treat more patients.
1．A．newest B．oldest C．biggest D．smallest
2．A．taught B．chose C．allowed D．understood
3．A．clearly B．beautifully C．carefully D．happily
4．A．coming B．hearing C．learning D．suffering
5．A．temperature B．difficulty C．performance D．education
6．A．program B．operation C．action D．illness
7．A．order B．danger C．trouble D．service
8．A．time B．money C．chances D．experience
9．A．discussion B．argument C．idea D．agreement
10．A．watch B．find C．forget D．build
11．A．why B．how C．where D．when
12．A．strong B．cheap C．smooth D．lively
13．A．solve B．meet C．enter D．discover
14．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth
15．A．free B．busy C．active D．live
02
A company in Beijing announced that it had successfully bred(繁殖) China’s first cloned(克隆) cat, reports China Science and Technology Daily.
“The kitten named Garlic(大蒜) was born on July 21, 2019, in a laboratory(实验室) of the biotechnology company Sinogene. It was born from an embryo (胚胎) carried by a surrogate(代孕) mother,” said Wang Jidong, the CEO of Sinogene."Garlic has been verified(证实的) as a cloned cat by a third-party verification organization, and is currently in a good condition."
The birth of the kitten is the result of a cloning program that began last August. Chen Dayuan, a researcher from the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said the technology developed by the company has a high success rate: one cloned kitten from four implanted surrogates.
It’s rare(罕见的) for cats to be successfully cloned, said Shi Zhensheng, a professor from the Veterinary Medicine College at China Agricultural University. Cats have unique reproductive characteristics, which make them difficult to clone. The success of Sinogene marks a step forward in China’s cloning research sector.
The cloning technology used to create Garlic will help China to build a genetic library of endangered species (物种), with the goal of breeding species under threat of extinction.
16．How old is the cloned cat Garlic now
A．Less than one year old. B．One year old.
C．Two years old. D．Three years old.
17．The underlined expression of “in a good condition” could be replaced by _______.
A．happy B．healthy C．beautiful D．expensive
18．Which of the following statements is CORRECT
A．Sinogene is a biotechnology company in Beijing.
B．The cloning program began in July, 2019.
C．It’s common to clone cats successfully because they are easy to clone.
D．The success of cloning Garlic might help China save endangered plants.
03
Imagine this: you and your friend are on a video call. He or she picks up a book, and you feel like you’re holding the book as well. You can shake hands or give your friend a high five, even though you’re apart.
A pair of special gloves might make this a reality. Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have made gloves that can recreate the sense of touch. They call this haptic device（触觉装置）a “soft skin stretch device” (SSD).
The SSD works like this: One user’s gloves create 3D force signals when they touch something. The signals are sent to the other user’s gloves, which vibrate（震动）to create the same force that the first user is experiencing. This allows the second user to experience the same sense of touch.
The SSD allows you to feel force, vibration and change. “It is like wearing a second skin,” said Thanh Nho Do, one of the researchers who created the gloves.
Haptic technology is already being widely used. For example, the track pads（触控板）in laptops use vibration to make it feel like you’re clicking a real mouse. However, it is difficult to recreate the sense of touch in virtual（虚拟的）environments or outside, according to Mai Thanh Thai, lead researcher of the SSD project. The SSD is special because it has a high level of sensitivity（敏感）even when it is used continuously. This makes it feel more practical.
The SSD could be used in medical practice. Two doctors in different places could work together during an operation（手术）—one touches the patient’s organs（器官）with the SSD while the other doctor feels the same sensation（感觉）and completes the operation.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
19．What does “SSD” in the story refer to
A．A video chat app. B．A special pair of gloves.
C．A computer hard drive. D．Winter clothes.
20．What does the underlined word “reality” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．现实 B．梦想 C．虚拟 D．愿望
21．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．What the SSD allows users to feel. B．How the SSD creates signals.
C．What the SSD is used for. D．How the SSD works.
22．Why does the SSD feel so practical
A．Because it creates vibrations. B．Because it works out the senses.
C．Because it senses continuous actions. D．Because it has a high level of sensitivity.
23．What do we know from the story
A．The SSD aims to improve video calls.
B．Haptic devices are hard to use.
C．The SSD makes an operation in the different places possible.
D．Haptic technology is mostly used in gaming.
04
Have you ever thought about what astronauts eat when they’re in space What would they eat if they had to travel all the way to Mars (火星) A lot of the food astronauts eat is processed (加工过的) because it’s simple to eat and easy to take into space. However, some vitamins (维生素) can break down if the food is stored for a long time. People may have health problems if they eat processed food every day.
Growing fresh food in space might help astronauts stay healthy. It would also give them more food choices. Fresh vegetables grown on Earth have many nutrients (营养物质) that processed food do not have. However, we don’t know if vegetables grown in space are the same. Another worry is making sure that these vegetables don’t have the bacteria or fungi (细菌或真菌) that could make people sick.
Luckily, we have a plant growth room called Veggie on ISS (the International Space Station). We used Veggie to find out if it’s possible to grow nutritious and safe food in space.
We used Veggie to grow red lettuce (红生菜) over three years. We compared these (ISS-grown) vegetables to those grown at the same time on Earth. They were grown under the same conditions as on the ISS. We did research on the leaves and roots of all the lettuce plants. And we did not find any differences in nutrients between ISS-grown lettuce and Earth-grown produce. This means that it is possible to grow nutritious and safe food on ISS and astronauts should be able to eat vegetables grown in Veggie without worrying about getting sick.
Even though our lettuce is safe to eat, we still need to work out two problems. Firstly, there are more bacteria and fungi on ISS-grown lettuce. The wet environment in Veggie is probably the reason. Secondly, there are some differences in nutrients between the vegetables we grew in different years. Plants can change with too much or too little water, but it is hard to water plants in zero gravity (零重力) . Therefore, we need to make sure that growing environments are consistent in Veggie. Then astronauts can be confident about the nutrients in their food during their long stay in space.
24．The researchers grew red lettuce in Veggie to ______.
A．decide what kind of food astronauts should eat in space
B．find out how to keep astronauts safe and healthy in space
C．check if fresh vegetables can be processed safely in space
D．test if it’s possible to grow nutritious and safe food in space
25．What can we learn from the passage
A．Earth-grown vegetables are safer and have more nutrients.
B．ISS-grown lettuce of different years has different nutrients.
C．Scientists wanted to understand nutrients in processed food.
D．Fewer bacteria and fungi were found on ISS-grown vegetables.
26．What do the underlined words “are consistent” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Stay unchanged. B．Become special. C．Stay comfortable. D．Become enjoyable.
27．The last paragraph suggests that ______.
A．Veggie plays an important part in astronauts’ healthy eating
B．astronauts need to keep the plant growth room dry and clean
C．researchers didn’t find out what food could be grown in space
D．scientists need to do further research on planting food in space
05
请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。
As we all know, the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is very successful. During the Games, there are some inventions that benefit people a lot. Let’s take a look at them.
Fresh AirAs COVID-19 can spread through the air, clean air is the key to keep all Games players safe and healthy.The Winter Olympics uses large mobile air purifiers（净化器）. They can catch and kill bacteria（细菌）from the air making sure that large closed gyms have clean air all the time.
Disinfection（消毒）robotBeijing’s Wukesong Sports Center hosts ice hockey events. There is a robot for disinfection. The 1.4-meter-tall robot has a giraffe-like neck, a fan on its head and a big “belly”. It can work for four to five hours at a time.The robot also uses radar（雷达）to help it find its way. With a mobile app, people can send it to different places.
Inspection（巡检）robot“Hello friend, please wear a mask,” says a robot named Xiaobai. With a height of 74 centimeters, the robot can recognize（识别）people up to five meters away. It walks over to a person who is not wearing a mask and advises him or her to wear one. The robot moves at a speed of 6 to 10 kilometers per hour.
Smart “Band-Aid”To learn the health condition of Olympic players and visitors, a wearable thermometer（体温计）will measure body temperatures. The thermometer is in the shape of a bandage. It’s 6 cm long and 4 cm wide. When wearing this “bandage” on their upper arms, people can see the information in a phone app.
28．Which invention can catch and kill the bacteria from the air
A．Fresh Air. B．Inspection robot. C．Disinfection robot.
29．What can you learn about the disinfection robot
A．It helps the players find their way
B．It can work at least four hours at a time.
C．It is 0.74 meters tall with a giraffe-like neck.
30．Which word can describe the inspection robot
A．Noisy. B．Caring. C．Expensive.
31．How can people get the information about their temperatures in a phone app
A．By using large mobile air purifiers.
B．By walking over to a person without a mask
C．By putting on a smart “bandage” on their upper arms.
32．Where do you probably read this passage
A．In a storybook.
B．In a travel poster.
C．In a science magazine.
06
It is reported that 47 percent of the world’s energy is used for indoor heating, and 42 percent of that energy is wasted on heating space and objects instead of people, a study notes. Solving the energy problem, a main cause of global warming, would require people to use less energy for indoor heating.
What if you could warm up with high-tech and removable patches（可移动的补丁）in your clothes while saving money and causing fewer carbon footprints Engineers at Rutgers University and Oregon State University have found a way to make thin and lasting beating patches(补丁). Their heating performance is nearly 70 percent higher than similar patches created by other researchers. They are inexpensive and are able to produce heat where the human body needs it since they can be sewed (缝) as patches.
“This is important in the built environment, where we waste lots of energy by heating buildings instead of heating the human body as needed,” said Rajiv Malhotra, a professor at Rutgers University. Personal heat management(管理), which pays attention to heating the human body as needed, is a good way. Such patches may also someday help warm anyone who works or plays pared with other patches, the newly created patches produce more heat per patch area and can be used longer.
Next steps include seeing if this way can be used to create other smart clothes. The engineers also want to know how many patches would be needed and where they should be placed on people to keep them comfortable while using less indoor energy.
33．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce a new product.
B．To describe the results of a study.
C．To show the writer’s writing purpose.
D．To show some background information.
34．What does the underlined word “They” refer to
A．The smart clothes.
B．The modern materials.
C．The thin and lasting heating patches.
D．The engineers at Rutgers University and Oregon State University.
35．What will be further studied about the patches
A．Some steps to use less outdoor energy.
B．How to make human bodies comfortable.
C．The way to lower the costs of producing the patches.
D．How to use the fewest patches to make a piece of clothing.
36．What’s the best title for the text
A．You need new energy clothes.
B．Winter is no longer cold from now on.
C．Use high-tech heating patches in your clothes.
D．Make energy-saving clothes from useless materials.
参考答案
1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是记叙文，本文主要讲述了仁济医院采用了5G的医疗技术让医生观看手术过程，从而提高治愈疾病的故事。
1．句意：这是用于高难度操作的最新机器人系统。
newest最新的；oldest最老的；biggest最大的；smallest最小的。结合上文“using 5G technology first in China with the Da Vinci Robotics System”可知，该技术是最新的。故选A。
2．句意：通过直播，仁济医院宁波分院的医生和他们在上海的同事可以同时清楚地看到手术的每一步。
taught教；chose选择；allowed允许；understood理解。根据“to watch each step of the operation”可知，直播应该是允许浙江和上海的医生同步观看手术。 allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故选C。
3．句意：通过直播，仁济医院宁波分院的医生和他们在上海的同事可以同时清楚地看到手术的每一步。
clearly清楚地；beautifully美丽地；carefully仔细地；happily开心地。结合上下文可知此处指的是清楚地观看手术的每一步。故选A。
4．句意：病人是一位65岁患癌症的妇女。
coming进来；hearing听到；learning学习；suffering遭受。结合下文“from cancer ”可知，此处指的是正在遭受癌症的痛苦。suffer from 意为“遭受……痛苦”。故选D。
5．句意：手术难度大。
temperature温度；difficulty困难；performance表演；education教育。根据“for the operation was high”可知，此处指的是这台手术难度大。故选B。
6．句意：手术由外科先驱钟明进行。
program节目；operation手术；action行为；illness疾病。结合上文可知，因为这台手术难度较大，所以手术由外科先驱钟明主持。故选B。
7．句意：医院宁波分院于2018年投入使用。
order命令；danger危险；trouble问题；service服务。结合语境和选项可知，此处指的是该医院在2018年开始提供服务。故选D。
8．句意：但在两家医院工作的钟明很快发现，宁波的医生没有足够的机会观察疑难病例和掌握医疗技术。
time时间；money金钱；chances机会；experience经历。结合下文“to watch difficult cases and master medical technology.”可知，此处指的是宁波的医生没有足够的机会去看疑难病例和掌握医疗技术。故选C。
9．句意：医院想出了直播手术的主意。
discussion讨论；argument争论；idea主意；agreement协议。结合上下文可知，此处指的是医院提出手术现场直播这一主意。 come up with the idea想出主意。故选C。
10．句意：宁波的医生能够以更广阔的视野观察这个困难手术的细节。
watch观看；find寻找；forget忘记；build建造。结合下文“the details of the difficult operation with a wider view.”可知，此处指的是宁波的医生们能够以更广阔的视野观察这台棘手的手术细节。故选A。
11．句意：医生们可以清楚地看到钟是如何对血管和神经进行手术的。
why为什么；how怎么样；where哪里；when什么时候。结合上下文可知，此处指的是医生们能清楚地看到钟是如何在血管和神经上进行手术的。故选B。
12．句意：宁波的一名医生说，过去他们曾尝试使用其他技术进行此类广播，但都不够清晰流畅。
strong强壮的；cheap便宜的；smooth平滑的；lively生动的。根据“clear”可知，过去他们曾尝试在这种直播中使用其他技术，但它们都不够清晰和流畅。此处和“clear”并列，smooth 意为“顺利的；流畅的”，符合语境。故选C。
13．句意：5G网络帮助医学界解决了这一问题。
solve解决；meet遇见；enter进入；discover发现。根据“the problem”可知，5G网络帮助医疗界解决了这个问题。solve the problem 意为“解决问题”。故选A。
14．句意：这是他第一次看到如此清晰的行动直播，令人印象深刻。
first第一；second第二；third第三；fourth第四。结合第一段第一句话“Shanghai Renji Hospital broadcast(直播) a cancer(癌症) operation, using 5G technology first in China with the Da Vinci Robotics System.”可知，这是他第一次观看这种类型的直播。故选A。
15．句意：也许有一天，我们可以通过5G网络的手机观看上海的一场运营直播。
free免费的；busy忙的；active活跃的；live现场的。结合上文“The hospital came up with the... to broadcast a live operation.”可知，此处指的是也许我们未来能够观看一个现场直播。 故选D。
16．D 17．B 18．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国第一只克隆猫成功被培育出来，意味着中国克隆研究领域向前迈进了一步。
16．细节理解题。根据“The kitten named Garlic(大蒜) was born on July 21, 2019, in a laboratory(实验室) of the biotechnology company Sinogene.”可知，小猫于2019年7月21日出生，2022-2019=3，因此小猫3岁了，故选D。
17．词句猜测题。根据“Garlic has been verified(证实的) as a cloned cat by a third-party verification organization”可知，小猫是克隆猫，目前状况良好，因此“in a good condition”意为“healthy”，故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据“The kitten named Garlic(大蒜) was born on July 21, 2019, in a laboratory(实验室) of the biotechnology company Sinogene.”和“A company in Beijing announced that it had successfully bred(繁殖) China’s first cloned(克隆) cat, reports China Science and Technology Daily.”可知，Sinogene是北京的一家生物公司，故选A。
19．B 20．A 21．D 22．D 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了SSD——一副特殊的手套。
19．细节理解题。根据“Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have made gloves that can recreate the sense of touch. They call this haptic device（触觉装置）a ‘soft skin stretch device’ (SSD).”可知，澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员已经制作出了能够重现触感的手套。他们称之为触觉装置“软皮肤拉伸设备”（SSD）。由此可知，SSD指的是一双特殊的手套。故选B。
20．词句猜测题。根据“A pair of special gloves might make this a reality.”可知，一双特殊的手套可能让这件事成为现实，说明reality意为“现实”。故选A。
21．主旨大意题。根据“The SSD works like this”可知，SSD的工作原理是这样的，可见第三段讲述的是SSD是如何工作的。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“The SSD is special because it has a high level of sensitivity even when it is used continuously. This makes it feel more realistic.”可知，SSD是特别的，因为即使在连续使用的情况下它仍有一个高水平的敏感性，这使它更逼真。可见SSD的特别是因为它有很高的灵敏度。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据“Two doctors in different places could work together during an operation（手术）—one touches the patient’s organs（器官）with the SSD while the other doctor feels the same sensation（感觉）and completes the operation.”可知，两个医生共同手术，一个医生操作手术，而另一个也会有相同的触感，可见SSD使得远程操作成为可能。故选C。
24．D 25．B 26．A 27．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家尝试在太空种植蔬菜。
24．细节理解题。根据“This means that it is possible to grow nutritious and safe food on ISS and astronauts should be able to eat vegetables grown in Veggie without worrying about getting sick.”可知，测试是否有可能在国际空间站上种植有营养和安全的食物，故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据“And we did not find any differences in nutrients between ISS-grown lettuce and Earth-grown produce.”可知，ISS种植的生菜和地球种植的生菜在营养成分上有任何差异，故选B。
26．词句猜测题。根据“Therefore, we need to make sure that growing environments are consistent in Veggie. Then astronauts can be confident about the nutrients in their food during their long stay in space.”可知，只有确保蔬菜的生长环境是一致的，宇航员才能对食物中的营养成分充满信心，因此“are consistent”意为“Stay unchanged.”。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据“Even though our lettuce is safe to eat, we still need to work out two problems.”可知，还有一些问题要去解决，因此科学家还要进一步做研究，故选D。
28．A 29．B 30．B 31．C 32．C
【导语】本文介绍了在2022年冬奥会期间4个令人们受益匪浅的科技发明产品。
28．细节理解题。根据“Fresh Air”中的“The Winter Olympics uses large mobile air purifiers（净化器）. They can catch and kill bacteria（细菌）from the air making sure that large closed gyms have clean air all the time.”可知，冬奥会使用大型移动空气净化器，它们可以捕捉并杀死细菌，确保大型封闭健身房始终保持清洁空气。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据“It can work for four to five hours at a time.”可知，这个机器人可以连续工作四至五小时。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据“It walks over to a person who is not wearing a mask and advises him or her to wear one.”可知，它走到一个没有戴口罩的人面前，建议他或她戴口罩。说明它关心他人。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据“When wearing this ‘bandage’ on their upper arms, people can see the information in a phone app.”可知，当人们将这种“绷带”戴在上臂时，可以在手机应用程序中看到信息。故选C。
32．推理判断题。本文介绍了在2022年冬奥会期间4个令人们受益匪浅的科技发明产品。因此可以在科学杂志上看到这篇文章。故选C。
33．D 34．C 35．B 36．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了一种高科技的可移动补丁，它可以用在衣服上，并能产生人体所需的热量。
33．推理判断题。根据“Solving the energy problem, a main cause of global warming, would require people to use less energy for indoor heating.”可知，下文要说明人们如何减少能源的使用。所以第一段的目的是展示背景信息。故选D。
34．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Engineers at Rutgers University and Oregon State University have found a way to make thin and lasting beating patches...They are inexpensive and are able to produce heat where the human body needs it since they can be sewed as patches.”可知这一段主要介绍了罗格斯大学和俄勒冈州立大学的工程师们找到了一种制作轻薄而耐久的加热补丁的方法，可以推测这里的They指的是这种“轻薄而耐久的加热补丁”。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The engineers also want to know how many patches would be needed and where they should be placed on people to keep them comfortable while using less indoor energy.”可知，工程师们还想知道需要多少贴片，以及应该把贴片贴在人们身上的什么地方，以保持舒适，同时减少室内能源的消耗，所以接下来他们要进一步研究这种补丁怎么样才能让人感到更舒服。故选B。
36．最佳标题题。根据第二段“What if you could warm up with high-tech and removable patches（可移动的补丁）in your clothes while saving money and causing fewer carbon footprints ”可知，本文主要介绍了一种高科技的可移动补丁，它可以用在衣服上，并能产生人体所需的热量。所以C选项“在衣服上使用高科技加热补丁”是最佳标题。故选C。