陕西省2024年英语中考热点备考重难专题：一材多题型精讲（七选五、阅读理解—说明文、作文）课件(共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
陕西 英语
一材多题型精讲
2024中考备考重难专题课件
课件思路简介
一、设计初衷：《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》提到“充分认识语篇在传递文化意涵，引领价值取向，促进思维发展，服务语言学习、意义理解与表达等方面的重要作用。” 基于此，特优选高质量语篇，改编成不同题型，使老师在讲解不同的阅读任务时，帮助学生多层次、多角度地理解语篇，进而提高学生的阅读理解能力。
二、思路亮点：
1. 采用精讲一材多题型的整体思路，即：把同一个语篇素材改编成3个不同的题型，以便多维度提升学生的阅读理解能力及写作水平；
2. 结合2022全国创新考法，以“问题链”的形式研读语篇，方便老师精准透彻地讲解语篇；
3. 站在学生的角度，动态可视化解题思路，培养学生的解题思维。
三、适用场景：日常题型讲解或题型专项集训
一材多题型精讲
语篇研读
阅读理解—说明文
1
七选五
2
3
作文缩写
4
01 七选五
解题步骤
Step 1：浏览全文，掌握文章信息（文体、主题、内容、结构、设空位置）
文体 主题 内容
设空位置
① There are deserts in many parts of the world. Deserts can look very different. Some deserts are full of sand; other deserts are made of rocks. Deserts can be flat or filled with mountains. 1. _______!
②All deserts are dry. They get very little rain or snow—less than 25 cm a year. Because deserts are so dry, some people think of them as empty and dead. 2. _______. The plants and animals that live in deserts need very little water. Many have special ways to store water.
抓关键信息：首尾句、设空位置
③Cactus(仙人掌) grow in the deserts of North and South America. 3. _______. Birds and other small animals build homes in and on the cactus. The saxaul(沙棘) is a special plant that grows in the deserts of Asia. It stores water in its bark(树皮). People who live in the desert press the saxaul bark to get water to drink.
抓关键信息：首尾句、设空位置
④4. _______. Every year, deserts grow larger. When trees are cut down, and large farms are built and too many sheep and cows eat the grass, the land gets worn out. The soil is washed away. The land turns into desert. When land becomes desert, 5. _______.
素材选自Cambridge Global English 3 Learner's Book P44
抓关键信息：首尾句、设空位置
文体 主题 内容
设空位置 说明文
人与自然
①Different kinds of deserts.
②The lives in deserts have special ways to store water.
③Cactus and saxaul grow in the deserts.
④Every year, deserts grow larger.
段首1处，段中2处，段尾2处，共5空;
空后标点：感叹号1处，句号4处（含1处空前逗号）
沙漠及其
植物的
特点
Step 2：分析选项
A.地球上三分之一的土地是沙漠
B.绵羊和奶牛的数量越来越多
C.他们几乎不需要水来生活
D.然而，在每个沙漠中都可以找到植物和动物
E.世界上最大的沙漠南极洲被冰覆盖
F.人们无法再种植粮食，需要离开家园
G.它们有厚厚的特殊表面，可以让它们储水
A.沙漠面积
B. 首字母小写, 数量
C.they指代第三人称复数
D. 连词转折, However, 动植物
E.沙漠特点
F.首字母小写,人类行为
G.they
指代
第三
人称
复数，储水
A. A third of the earth's land is desert
B. the populations of sheep and cows become larger
C. They need little water to live
D. However, plants and animals can be found in every desert
E. The largest desert in the world, Antarctica, is covered with ice
F. people can no longer grow food and need to leave their homes
G. They have thick, special surface which can make them hold water
①There are deserts in many parts of the world. Deserts can look very different. Some deserts are full of sand; other deserts are made of rocks. Deserts can be flat or filled with mountains. 1. _______!
Step 3：关注信息段、比对备选项，选择答案
A.A third of the earth's land is desert
B.the populations of sheep and cows become larger
C.They need little water to live
D.However, plants and animals can be found in every desert
E.The largest desert in the world, Antarctica, is covered with ice
F.people can no longer grow food and need to leave their homes
G.They have thick, special surface which can make them hold water
空后感叹号，
语气强烈，
本段多次提及“desert”,
多选项均涉及，可先跳过
A.A third of the earth's land is desert
B.the populations of sheep and cows become larger
C.They need little water to live
D.However, plants and animals can be found in every desert
E.The largest desert in the world, Antarctica, is covered with ice
F.people can no longer grow food and need to leave their homes
G.They have thick, special surface which can make them hold water
沙漠极度干燥，给人印象是空旷和死亡
②All deserts are dry. They get very little rain or snow—less than 25 cm a year. Because deserts are so dry, some people think of them as empty and dead. 2. _______. The plants and animals that live in deserts need very little water. Many have special ways to store water.
动植物有独特的储水方式
锁定选项D
代入D项，语义发生转折，符合语境
D
结合与前/后文关系推断
A.A third of the earth's land is desert
B.the populations of sheep and cows become larger
C.They need little water to live
D.However, plants and animals can be found in every desert
E.The largest desert in the world, Antarctica, is covered with ice
F.people can no longer grow food and need to leave their homes
G.They have thick, special surface which can make them hold water
空处讨论的是仙人掌(复数形式)，
锁定选项C、G，代词“they”指代，
沙棘通过树皮来储水
在沙漠生活的人利用沙棘获取水
③Cactus(仙人掌) grow in the deserts of North and South America. 3. _______. Birds and other small animals build homes in and on the cactus. The saxaul(沙棘) is a special plant that grows in the deserts of Asia. It stores water in its bark(树皮). People who live in the desert press the saxaul bark to get water to drink.
G
对比
两项
结合与前/后文关系推断
A.A third of the earth's land is desert
B.the populations of sheep and cows become larger
C.They need little water to live
D.However, plants and animals can be found in every desert
E.The largest desert in the world, Antarctica, is covered with ice
F.people can no longer grow food and need to leave their homes
G.They have thick, special surface which can make them hold water
④4. _______. Every year, deserts grow larger. When trees are cut down, and large farms are built and too many sheep and cows eat the grass, the land gets worn out. The soil is washed away. The land turns into desert. When land becomes desert, 5. _______.
素材选自Cambridge Global English 3 Learner's Book P44
段首设空，无法直接判断，可跳过。
空前“，”锁定B、F
分别代入两项
F
土地荒漠化时，
F项更符合逻辑
因果关系
同学们不要忘记继续填写
前面跳过的题目哦
A.A third of the earth's land is desert
B.the populations of sheep and cows become larger
C.They need little water to live
D.However, plants and animals can be found in every desert
E.The largest desert in the world, Antarctica, is covered with ice
F.people can no longer grow food and need to leave their homes
G.They have thick, special surface which can make them hold water
④4. _______. Every year, deserts grow larger. When trees are cut down, and large farms are built and too many sheep and cows eat the grass, the land gets worn out. The soil is washed away. The land turns into desert. When land becomes desert, 5. _______.
素材选自Cambridge Global English 3 Learner's Book P44
未填空：1.___ ！4.___. 选项剩余：A、C、E （首字母大写，排除B）
对比3个选项：
C、E与下文土地
荒漠化无直接联系
A
故4.___选A
结合与前/后文关系推断
F
A.A third of the earth's land is desert
B.the populations of sheep and cows become larger
C.They need little water to live
D.However, plants and animals can be found in every desert
E.The largest desert in the world, Antarctica, is covered with ice
F.people can no longer grow food and need to leave their homes
G.They have thick, special surface which can make them hold water
①There are deserts in many parts of the world. Deserts can look very different. Some deserts are full of sand; other deserts are made of rocks. Deserts can be flat or filled with mountains. 1. _______!
E与前文讨论话题均是沙漠
段尾“！”，且内容承接整段大意
E
同学们补齐5处答案后，进行Step 4: 代入复核
同词复现
总结回顾
Step 1：浏览全文，掌握文章信息（______、主题、内容、结构、_____________）
Step 2：分析______
Step 3：关注信息段、______________，选择答案
Step 4： 代入______
解题步骤
设空位置
比对备选项
选项
复核
文体
微技能
上下文关系
结合与前/后文关系推断
2题、3题、4题
搜寻关键词
逻辑关系
同词复现 1题：
desert
因果关系
5题
02 语篇研读
主题内容（What）
段落大意
找每段主题句
①What does each paragraph talk about
P1: There are several kinds of deserts in many parts of the world.
P2: There are still animals and plants living in the deserts even though
they are so dry.
P3: Cactus and saxaul have their own special ways to hold water.
P4: Deserts grow larger every year because of human activities, such as cutting down trees and building large farms.
对于段落大意题，中考考试中，还可能会针对某一特定段落的段落
大意进行提问，比如：
（1）Which of the following situations can match the main idea of Paragraph 1 （陕西 2022.48，2022新增角度）
（2）Which paragraphs tell what sleepwalkers do (河南 2020.33)
（3）What is the main idea of paragraph 2？(贵阳 2021.23)
主旨大意
The text introduces us the characteristics of different deserts in the world and the plants and animals living in them. Also, it tells us that deserts are growing larger because of human activities. As a result, people can no longer grow food and have to leave their homes.
③What is the best title for the text
标题归纳
②What does the text mainly talk about
Deserts./Lives in the deserts.
语篇目的（Why）
What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
作者写这篇文章的意图是什么？
作者意图
作者主要介绍了世界范围内沙漠所具有的形态特点，以及生长在其中的代表性植物所具有的特色生物构造。呼吁人们关注自然现象，保护土地，防止沙漠化加剧。
①作者介绍了地球上不同沙漠的特点，特别指出世界上最大的沙漠上面覆盖着冰雪。这一内容与人们对沙漠的固有印象相反，旨在对学生的基础自然环境知识进行科普和渗透，丰富学生应有的常识知识体系，引导学生关注不同自然环境或现象的现状和成因。同时，作者介绍了沙漠中常见的植物仙人掌和沙棘的储水原理。它们克服极端缺水的困难，依靠独特表皮学会了适应和利用环境，旨在引导学生用科学的思维认识事物，热爱自然。
②作者介绍到地球上三分之一的陆地是沙漠，部分人类活动会破坏生态平衡，造成土地荒漠化。如果这一趋势愈演愈烈，则会威胁人类生存。旨在提醒学生，人与自然是相互依存的关系，要保持敬畏自然的态度，拥有绿色生活的理念，培养绿色生活的行为习惯。从自身做起，同时关心环境保护问题，了解生态环境变化，与大自然和谐共生。
根据文章内容可知文章第一段具体介绍了全球沙漠的类型和不同特点，第二、三段分别介绍了沙漠中植物的生长环境及植物本身的结构特点，第四段介绍土地沙漠化会影响人类生存。所以文章结构应为总—分结构。
结构语言——写作手法剖析（How）
①What is the structure(结构) of the passage
文章结构
同学们可以关注一下文章结构、说明顺序，自己写作文的时候会用到哦~
P1
P2
P3
P4
结构语言——语言赏析（How）
look very different, be full of, be made of, be fill with,
the largest ... in the world, be covered with, dry, little rain,
think of them as empty and dead, be found in every desert
赏析:①作者描述沙漠不仅仅是人们印象中的那样，使用了“look very different”。说明具体的出人意料之处时，使用了“be full of，be made of，be fill with”等一系列词组表明了沙漠的物质组成和确切类型，表达准确而丰富。同时作者使用最高级“the largest ... in the world”引出世界上最大的沙漠，并使用“be covered with”介绍清楚其与众不同的特点是被冰雪覆盖。
同学们觉得这些词好在哪里呢？
还有哪些词你认为用得好呢？
赏析: ②作者在描述沙漠气候特征时，使用了“dry, little rain”。指出人们对沙漠固有的印象是“think of them as empty and dead”，而与之相反，每个沙漠里都有动植物生活着，这里使用的“be found in every desert”，对自然科学作科普的同时，引起读者对此话题的兴趣，便于作进一步的原因阐释。
look very different, be full of, be made of, be fill with,
the largest ... in the world, be covered with, dry, little rain,
think of them as empty and dead, be found in every desert
赏析:③作者接着提到植物之所以能生存的根本原因是“have special ways to store water”, 分析代表性沙漠植物的特征用到了“thick, special”。此外，与沙漠植物相关的动物活动，作者使用了“build homes”描写鸟类等动物在仙人掌上的筑巢行为。同时作者提及人类活动，描写其在沙漠中通过“press the saxaul bark”，获得饮用水“get water to drink”。
have special ways to store water, thick, special, build homes, press the saxaul bark, get water to drink, A third of the earth’s land, grow larger,
cut down, get worn out, wash away, turn into, no longer, leave their homes
赏析: ④作者描述沙漠在陆地的占比时，使用了“A third of the earth’s land”，数据的引入增加了文章的科学性，使读者更信服。介绍土地荒漠化现状时使用了“grow larger”。解释土地荒漠化进程时用到了“cut down, get worn out, wash away, turn into”。呈现荒漠化结果和对人类的影响时，用到了“no longer, leave their homes”，使人们意识到土地荒漠化最终会
威胁人类生存。
have special ways to store water, thick, special, build homes, press the saxaul bark, get water to drink, A third of the earth’s land, grow larger,
cut down, get worn out, wash away, turn into, no longer, leave their homes
结构语言——长难句分析（How）
When引导状语从句，当……时
主句
被动语态
并列成分
短语：cut down 砍倒 ; too many 太多; get worn out 变得荒芜
译文：当树木被砍伐，大型农场建成，太多的羊和牛吃草时，土地就会被破坏。
When trees are cut down, and large farms are built and too many sheep and cows eat the grass, the land gets worn out.
03 阅读理解—说明文
解题步骤
Step 1：浏览全文，获取信息(已获取)
Step 2：分析题目，定位原文，对比选项
分析题目：圈设问关键点
1.The underlined sentence “some people think of them as empty and dead.” in Paragraph 2 means “____”.
A. some people think deserts only appear in Africa.
B. some people think deserts are usually flat.
C. some people think there is no water in the deserts.
D. some people think there are no lives in the deserts.
第2段划线句子的意思是_______。
句意猜测
②...Because deserts are so dry, some people think of them as empty and dead. However, plants and animals can be found in every desert. The plants and animals that live in deserts need very little water...
只出现在非洲
通常是平坦的
没有水
没有生命
定位原文
人们以为沙漠里没有动植物，也就是没有生命。
对比选项
2.Which of the following is an opinion of the writer
A. Deserts are nice places to travel.
B. We should protect land from becoming deserts.
C. People should move away from the deserts.
D. We can get water to drink from the plants in the deserts.
分析题目：圈设问关键点
观点看法
以下哪一个是作者的观点？
④...When trees are cut down, and large farms are built and too many sheep and cows eat the grass, the land gets worn out. The soil is washed away. The land turns into desert. When land becomes desert, people can no longer grow food and need to leave their homes.
定位原文
沙漠是人们旅行的好地方。
保护土地不变成沙漠。
人们应该离开沙漠。
从植物中获得水。
土地变成沙漠会迫使人们离开家园
对比选项
3. Where do you think the passage may come from
A. A sports report. B. A travel guide.
C. A nature magazine. D. A story book.
分析题目：圈设问关键点
文章出处
你认为这篇文章可能来自哪里？
① There are deserts in many parts of the world...
②...However, plants and animals can be found in every desert...
③Cactus(仙人掌) grow in the deserts of North and South America...
④A third of the earth's land is desert...
定位原文
全文内容主要围绕土地沙漠化展开，
探讨的问题是自然环境相关内容
体育报道
旅行指南
自然杂志
故事书
对比选项
总结回顾
Step 1：___________，获取信息
Step 2：分析题目，___________，____________。
解题步骤
浏览全文
定位原文
设问类型：
文章出处
句意猜测
观点看法
The underlined sentence, mean
Which, an opinion of the writer
Where, the passage, come from
对比选项
词义/短语猜测
(1)The underlined word “contact” probably means “_____” in the text.
(陕西 2022.46)
(2)What does “out of it” most probably mean in Chinese (河南2020.31)
文章出处
In which part of a magazine can we read the passage （陕西副题 2022.50 新设问）
拓展
04 作文缩写
请同学们根据以下提示，缩写“沙漠”这篇文章。
关键词：
be made of, dry, special ways, grow larger, leave their homes
词数：
不少于70词
可以使用语篇研读部分的文章结构、要点表达、逻辑连接词语哦~
There are different kinds of deserts in the world, such as deserts made of sand, rocks and even ice! Though deserts are dry, there are still animals and plants living in them. Those animals and plants have their own special ways to hold water. Besides, deserts are growing larger every year because of human activities. As a result, people can no longer grow food there and have to leave their homes.
参考例文：