Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. immediately adv.立刻
2. species n.物种
3. average n.平均数；平均水平adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
4. living adj.居住的；活的；在用的n.生活；生计
5. measure n.措施；方法vt.测量；度量；估量
6. pressure n.压力；要求
7. reserve n.（动植物）保护区；储藏（量）vt.预订；预留；保留
8. remind vt.提醒；使想起
9. shoot vt.&vi.（过去式 shot ；过去分词 shot ）射杀；射伤；发射
10. profit n.利润；利益
11. attack n.&vi.&vt.攻击；抨击
12. remove vt.去除；移开；脱去
13. creature n.生物；动物
14. neighbourhood n.临近的地方；街区
15. emotion n.感情；情感；情绪
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. legal adj.合法的；法律的 → illegal adj.不合法的；非法的 → illegally adv.不合法地；非法地
2. hunt vt.&vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕 → hunter n.猎人
3. alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心n.恐慌；警报；警报器 → alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的 → alarmed adj.担忧的；惊恐的
4. extinct adj.已灭绝的 → extinction n.灭绝
5. aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的 → awareness n.意识；感悟能力 → unaware adj.未发觉的；不知道的
6. endanger vt.使遭受危险；危害 → endangered adj.濒危的 → danger n.危险 → dangerous adj.危险的
7. concern vt.涉及；让……担忧→ concerned adj.担心的；关切的 → concerning prep. 关于
8. adapt vi.适应vt.使适应；使适合 → adaptation n.适应；改编；改编本
9. observe vt.观察（到）；注视；遵守 → observation n.观察；注视
10. effect n.效果；作用；影响 → effective adj.有效的；生效的
11. recover vi.恢复；康复vt.找回；寻回→ recovery n.恢复；康复
12. intend vi.&vt.打算；计划；想要→ intention n.计划；打算
13. threat n.威胁 → threaten vt.威胁；危及
14. exist vi.存在；生存 → existence n.存在；生存
15. harmony n.和谐；融洽 → harmonious adj.和谐的
16. reduce vt.减少 → reduction n.减少；缩小；下降；降低
17. usual adj.平常的；惯常的；通常的→ usually adv.通常；平常→ unusual adj.特别的；不寻常的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.poster n. 海报
2.mass adj. 大量的；广泛的 n. 大量；堆；群
3.habitat n. （动植物的）生活环境；栖息地
4.authority n. 官方；当权；权威
5.plain n. 平原 adj. 简单明了的；直率的；平凡的
6.beauty n. 美；美人；美好的东西
7.fur n. 毛（皮）；毛皮衣服
8.sacred adj. 神圣的；受尊敬的
9.goods n. 商品；货物
10.insect n. 昆虫
11.stir vt. 激发；搅动
12.skin n. 皮；皮肤
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. on earth （放在疑问词之后表示强调）究竟；到底
2. die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
3. aware of 意识到；知道
4. on average 平均
5. make progress 取得进步
6. concerned about 对……关切的；为……担忧的
7. adapt to 适应
8. under pressure 在压力下；承受压力
9. make out 看清；听清；分清
10. remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起（类似的人或物）
11. watch over 保护；照管；监督
12. day and night 日日夜夜；夜以继日
13. due to 由于；因为
14. search for 搜索；查找
15. stir up 激起
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.（this is why...）
这就是我们在这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
2.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet . （"only＋状语从句"位于句首引起的倒装）
只有学会和自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
3. When it comes to wildlife protection ， all species — the good， the bad， and the ugly — should be treated equally. （when it comes to...）
就野生动物保护而论，所有的物种——有益的、有害的和丑陋的——都应该得到公平的对待。
4.Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper ？（so that引导目的状语从句）
让动物们无家可归，只是为了让人类能有更多的纸，这样做对吗？
5.That is what the animals really need most . （表语从句）
那才是动物们真正最需要的。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.Once the damage is done， it will take many years for the farmland to recover （恢复）.
2.It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet for our children， so effective measures （措施） are badly needed to maintain the ecological balance.
3.Home heating is responsible for 17 percent of greenhouse gas materials， so removing （去除） fossil fuel-based heating will help the environment.
4.It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine， so we’d better take it to the garage immediately （立刻）.
5.If however hard you study you can only score an average grade， don’t worry. Your talent lies somewhere else. Not everyone is an A-student.
6.The trip back to my hometown reminds me of the happy days I spent there when I was a child.
7. Attacked by the enemies， the historic city was nearly reduced to ruins.
8.As the living environment becomes worse and worse， many species are gradually disappearing.
9. When you face pressure and find it hard to deal with， talk to someone you trust， a friend or a teacher.
10.Changbaishan is one of China’s first national nature reserves and is still kept in its natural state.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The harmony between human beings and nature is one of the key aspects in building a harmonious society. （harmony）
2.Our parents are concerned about our well-being（健康）. As far as I’m concerned ， that’s why they are urging more lectures concerning health education at school. （concern）
3.He has been observing the situation of that region for a long time， so his observation is believable. （observe）
4.The disease spread at an alarming rate. The family were alarmed that one of their neighbours got infected（感染）. （alarm）
5.Each creature has its significance of existence ， and they are in the natural law of survival. Perhaps when one species dies out， another won’t exist . （exist）
6.The doctor said he recovered faster than expected and that sunshine， fresh air and proper rest would do good to his recovery . （recover）
7.The disappearance of forest not only poses a threat to animals， but also threatens the living of human beings. （threat）
8.The second floor to be open is intended for teenagers， so the librarian has every intention of introducing some books concerning natural science.（intend）
9.A mass of languages have gone extinct in the last century. Some scholars have set up an organization to prevent more languages from extinction . （extinct）
10.In the past， forests were dangerous because there were animals like tigers and lions， which greatly endangered people’s lives. But now， forests are disappearing quickly and animals living there are in danger of extinction.（danger）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
on earth die out on average make progress
adapt to under pressure make out
day and night due to search for
1.It’s really a waste to have lights on day and night .
2.Many species are in danger of extinction due to our destruction of their natural habitat.
3.When we are under pressure ， we tend to desire sugary and fatty foods.
4.If a species dies out ， we will never see them again. Therefore， we should take good care of the animals and plants around us instead of killing and destroying them.
5. On average ， happy people have stronger immune systems， and there is evidence that they live longer.
6.Accustomed to living in the countryside， the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.
7.I really don’t know why on earth you wanted to go to such a place.
8.Through long-term efforts in many aspects， the government has so far made progress in fighting illegal hunting.
9.Nowadays， people usually search for information on the phone or iPad instead of looking everything up in different books.
10.Kate heard a man’s voice in the background， but she couldn’t make out what he was saying.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.我整个下午都在玩手机，这就是我没能完成作业的原因。（this is why...）
I spent the whole afternoon on my phone and this is why I failed to finish my homework .
2.我坚信，只有坚持努力学习，我才能实现自己的目标。（"only＋状语从句"位于句首引起的倒装）
I hold the firm belief that only if I insist on studying hard can I achieve my goal .
3.说到诗歌，李白被认为是历史上最伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一。（when it comes to...）
When it comes to poetry ， Li Bai is regarded as one of the greatest romantic poets throughout history.
4.你能给我一份详细的时间表以便我提前做好安排吗？（so that引导目的状语从句）
Could you give me a detailed schedule so that I can make arrangements in advance ？
5.问题是你如何才能迅速适应新学校。（表语从句）
The question is how you can adapt yourself to the new school quickly .Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
During the summer holiday， my family came to Xizang to observeTibetanantelopes. There， with binoculars， we madeout a herd of graceful animals on the plain and were struck by their beauty and speed. Tibetan antelopes can run at an average speed of 80 km/h. At the same time， I was remindedof the danger they were in. They were huntedillegally for profits. Especially in the 1980s and 1990s， not only were they shot by hunters， but also their living spaces were becoming smaller dueto the construction of roads and railways， which concernedpeople very much. It’s difficult for them to adaptto the changes. Their population was reduced sharply. Luckily， the authorities were awareof the situation， and took effectivemeasures to prevent this species from extinction. The reserve protecting their habitats was set up and volunteers watched them overdayandnight to keep them safe from attacks. Finally， their population has recoveredand they have been removed from the endangered species list. However， the government didn’t intend to give up the protection programmes. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
1 awareadj.知道；发觉；有……意识的
1.[人教选必③－3]Furthermore， the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness （aware） and encourage greater use of clean energy.
2.Now city planners are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of nature and are creating new kinds of "parks" out of open spaces.
3.这些活动旨在提高每个人保护野生动物的意识。 （活动报道）
These activities are intended to raise everyone’s awareness of protecting wildlife.
点拨
be intended to do也可以替换成aim to do， be designed to do或be an attempt to do。
★be aware of...意识到…… be aware that... 知道/意识到…… ★awareness n.知道；认识；意识；兴趣 raise/increase one’s awareness of...加强/增强某人对……的意识
2 averageadj.平均的；正常的；普通的 n.平均数；平均水平 vt.计算出……的平均数
1.[北师必修③－8]Over the past 100 years， average temperatures （平均温度） around the world have risen by between 0.5 ℃ and 1 ℃.
点拨
根据句中的谓语have risen可知，空处填的主语应为复数形式。
2.在暑假期间，我们平均每天花三个小时在线学习。 （线上课程）
→① On average， we spend three hours a day studying online during the summer vacation. （on average）
→② During the summer vacation， we spend an average of three hours a day studying online. （an average of）
3.我最敬重的人就是我的语文老师，他中等身材，总是戴着一副眼镜。（人物介绍）
The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher. He is of average build and always wears a pair of glasses.
★an average of 平均有…… above/below （the） average超过/低于平均水平 on （the） average平均；一般说来
3 concernvt.涉及；让……担忧 n.担忧；关心
1.There has been a heated debate concerning （concern） whether to set up a new reserve in this area or not.
2. As far as he is concerned （就他而言）， having disability doesn’t mean his life is not satisfying.
3.[人教选必①－5]However， what concerned him most was （他最担心的是） that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
4.随着旅游业的发展，人们越来越关注环境问题。 （引入话题）
→①As tourism develops， people are increasingly concerned about environmental issues .（concerned）
→②With the development of tourism， there is a growing concern about/for environmental issues .（concern n.）
→③As tourism develops， people show/express more and more concern about/for environmental issues .（concern n.）
★show/express concern about/for... 对……表示担心/关心 ★concerned adj.担心的；关切的；相关的 be concerned about/for... 为……担忧的 be concerned with... 涉及；与……有关 be concerned about/with... 对……关注的 as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就某人/某事而言 ★concerning prep.关于；涉及
4 adaptvi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合；改编；改写
1.[北师选必②－6]And possibly the best proof of a successful adaptation （adapt） is the James Bond series， the majority of which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming.
点拨
adapt作"改编"讲时，通常指将小说、戏剧等文学作品改编成电视剧、电影等。adapt for后常跟改编后的电视剧、电影等，adapt from后通常是被改编的小说等文学作品。
2.我知道你很难适应新环境，我想给你一些建议。 （建议信）
I know you have difficulty adapting （yourself） to the new environment/it’s difficult for you to adapt （yourself） to the new environment ， and I’d like to give you some advice.
3.我强烈推荐电影《流浪地球》，它是由刘慈欣的一部小说改编而来。 （推荐信）
I highly recommend the film TheWanderingEarth， which is adapted from a story by Liu Cixin .（非限制性定语从句）
★adapt to （＝adapt oneself to）适应 adapt... for... 把……改编成…… adapt... from... 由……改编成…… ★adaptation n.适应；改编本 adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
5 measuren.措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量
1.[译林必修①－3] I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship develops.
2.She has asked the tailor to make a new dress to her measure for the New Year party.
3.The Yellow River， measuring （measure） around 5，464 kilometers， is the origin of Chinese culture.
4.是时候采取有效的措施来控制我们这个地区的水污染了。（倡议）
It’s high time that we took/should take effective measures to control water pollution in our area.
点拨
It’s high time that...后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形。
★measure... by... 用……衡量…… ★take/adopt measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make sth. to sb.’s measure 照某人的尺寸做…… ★measure表示"有……长（宽、高等）"时，是系动词，其后直接跟数字，不用于进行时和被动语态，作后置定语时要用现在分词形式。
6 remindvt.提醒；使想起
1.[译林选必③－4]The incredible splendour of heritage sites is a reminder （remind） of the power of nature and the genius of man.
2.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.
3.这张海报提醒我们要与自然和谐相处。
→① The poster reminds us to exist/live in harmony with nature. （remind sb. to do）
→② The poster reminds us that we should exist/live in harmony with nature. （remind sb. that...）
★remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人某事 remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起……（不用于进行时） remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that...提醒某人…… ★reminder n.引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物
7 recovervi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回
1.The doctors couldn’t tell whether the boy’s mother would recoverfrom the brain injury.
2.Music can strengthen the heart and shorten the recovery （recover） time of patients who are suffering from heart disease.
3.She was very upset about the news but quickly recovered herself （很快冷静下来）.
4.在老师的帮助下，我慢慢恢复了自信。 （感谢信）
With the help of my teacher， I gradually recover my confidence.
5.我们都祝愿你早日完全康复。 （慰问信）
We all wish you a quick and complete recovery.
★recover from 从……中恢复过来 recover oneself 恢复冷静 recover one’s confidence/strength 恢复信心/力气 ★recovery n.恢复；痊愈；复苏；找回 make a （quick/slow） recovery（迅速/缓慢）恢复/康复
8 intendvi.&vt.打算；计划；想要
1.[北师选必③－7]Most people now have no intention （intend） of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long.
2.The Tiangong station is intended to serve （serve） for the next decade as a laboratory in orbit.
3.The course is intended for students who want to improve their oral English.
4.[北师必修①－1]Although he had only intended to stay for one year （本打算只待一年）， he now feels ready to stay for another year.
5.Many of these classics have been adapted for films to make them more accessible to young readers.
→① Intended to make these classics more accessible to young readers ， many of them have been adapted for films.（intended，形容词短语作状语）
→② With the intention of making these classics more accessible to young readers ， many of them have been adapted for films. （intention，介词短语作状语）
★intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb./sth. to do sth.想要某人/某物做某事 had intended to do sth.本打算做某事却未做 ★intention n.意图 with the intention of打算…… have no/every intention of 无意/一心想…… ★be intended for...是为……打算（或设计）的 be intended to do sth.打算/旨在做某事
9 existvi.存在；生存
1.[北师必修③－8]In Hong Kong， it is predicted that the three existing （exist） landfills will be full within the next decade.
2.These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish， some of which exist on insects that can harm the rice crops.
3.[外研选必②－5]One of the oldest species in the ecosystem， the honey bee has been in existence for millions of years.
4.There exist many theories about how the universe came into existence . （exist）
点拨
There exist（s）是There be句型的变体，表示"有……"，谓语动词的数遵循"就近原则"。
★exist on... 靠……生存 There exist（s）... 有/存在…… ★existence n.存在；生活 in existence 现存的；现有的 come into existence 产生；开始存在 ★existing adj.现存的；现行的
10 "only＋状语（从句）"位于句首的部分倒装
1.只有合理饮食我们才能保持健康。
Only by eating a balanced diet can we keep healthy .
2.只有来到中国，你才能体验地道的中国美食。 （推荐信）
Only when you come to China can you experience authentic Chinese food.
3.只有我们的父母才能给我们提供无私的帮助与支持，请珍惜他们吧！ （演讲稿）
Only our parents can provide us with selfless help and support . Please cherish them！
点拨
该句中的Only虽然在句首，但是修饰的是主语our parents，而不是状语（从句），所以该句不倒装。
★部分倒装：将be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语的前面。 ★only修饰状语从句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 ★only修饰主语时，不用倒装。
11Thisiswhy...这就是……的原因。
Because the boat was turned upside down by the wave， he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly. （读后续写之遇险救援）
→①He had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly. That was because the boat was turned upside down by the wave. （That’s because...）
→②The boat was turned upside down by the wave. That was why he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly. （That’s why...）
★This/That is why... 这/那是……的原因（why引导表语从句） ★This/That/It is because... 这/那是因为……（because引导表语从句） ★The reason why... is that... ……的原因是……（why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句）
→③ The reason why he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly was that the boat was turned upside down by the wave. （The reason why... is that...）
前缀re-
前缀re-有两重含义："重，又，再"和"回，返回"。
本单元：re-（重，又）＋mind （思想）→使重新出现在脑海里→remind 提醒；使想起
re-（回，返回）＋move （移动）→将某物移回原来的位置→remove 去除；移开
拓展：
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.[2023全国甲]So， it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. v.重新粉刷
2.[2023全国甲]Eric Weiner’s TheSocratesExpress：InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakened my love for philosophy. v.重新唤起
3.[2023浙江1月]The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15. n.退款
4.[2022全国甲]Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. v.重新开放
5.[2021全国甲] I come to you， hat in hand， to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel. v.重新考虑
点拨
1.re-（重）＋paint（粉刷）→repaint重新粉刷
2.re-（重）＋awake（醒着）＋-en（使）→使再次醒来→reawaken重新唤起
3.re-（返回）＋fund（基金）→返回基金→refund 退款
4.re-（重）＋open（开放）→reopen 重新开放
5.re-（重）＋consider（考虑）→reconsider 重新考虑Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
一、阅读理解
A
A new rule has been passed that will protect more than 50 of the world’s shark species， many of which are endangered. The deal was signed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora （CITES）， which manages how people deal in plants and animals. Most of the world’s countries are members of CITES. The deal puts 60 shark species under the protection of CITES.
One of the reasons sharks are endangered is that they are hunted for their fins（鳍）， which are used in shark fin soup. The sharks that are hunted most for their fins include blue and tiger sharks. Thanks to this agreement， around 95％ of sharks that people catch for their fins are now protected. This means that anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must show an official document. These official documents will only be given to people or companies that have proved to scientists that their business doesn’t endanger wildlife or damage the ocean.
Conservationists hope the deal will protect biodiversity in the sea. Sharks are very important for this because they are usually apex animals that hunt， kill and eat other animals. That means they are at the highest point of the "food chain". If sharks were to disappear， it would seriously affect sea life lower down the food chain， as some species’ numbers would increase fast. This could affect the delicate balance of all sea life.
Some biologists have criticised the new rule. They think that making it harder to fish for sharks will make their fins even more expensive， which would encourage illegal fishing. However， Shawn Heinrichs from Only One， a group that campaigns to protect the ocean， called it "the biggest win in the history of ocean species".
本文是说明文，主要围绕一项旨在管理鲨鱼贸易的新协议展开。
【词语积累】 endangered adj.（动植物）濒临灭绝的，濒危的 conservationist n.自然环境保护主义者 biodiversity n.生物多样性
【熟词生义】 campaign 常用义：n.运动，战役 文中义：v.领导运动
1. Why was the new deal made？
A. To control the trade in endangered sharks.
B. To preserve biodiversity in the sea.
C. To ban people from fishing for sharks.
D. To protect endangered plants and animals.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段中的"The deal was signed... which manages how people deal in plants and animals"和第二段中的"Thanks to this agreement... anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must show an official document"可知，这一新协议是用来管理鲨鱼贸易的，故选A。
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "apex" in paragraph 3？
A. Frightening. B. Major.
C. Dangerous. D.Top.
解析 D 词义猜测题。由"That means they are at the highest point of the ‘food chain’"可知，鲨鱼通常都是位于食物链顶端的动物，它们追捕、杀死并吃掉其他动物，因此选D。
3. What can be inferred about the new rule from the last paragraph？
A. It can prevent illegal fishing.
B. It is a debatable deal.
C. It does wonders for ocean species.
D. It is questioned by most biologists.
解析 B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Some biologists have criticised the new rule"以及"However， Shawn Heinrichs from Only One... called it ‘the biggest win in the history of ocean species’"可知，人们对这一新协议的态度并不一样，有些人支持，有些人反对，因此这一新协议是有争议的，故选B。
4. Which can be the best title for this text？
A. Nations Sign Up to Save Sharks
B. New Rules Benefit Life in the Ocean
C. Sharks Are Vital to Ocean Biodiversity
D. CITES Aims to Protect Ocean Species
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文主要围绕一项旨在保护鲨鱼的新协议展开，故选A。
B
[生态环保/2023山东潍坊统考]The Atlantic salmon（鲑） of Scotland are hardy and determined animals. Each spring and summer， they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland’s shallow rivers， leaping up waterfalls and over barriers， pushing themselves upstream in enormous efforts. Some fail， and the others succeed， but today they face another challenge.
During the mid-1980s， there were between eight and ten million salmon swimming around Scotland’s Atlantic coast； that number has now dropped sharply. There’s evidence of rising at-sea death as climate change warms and acidifies the ocean， reducing the availability of the salmon’s prey（猎物）. New research suggests climate change is also bearing down on rivers， which is bad news for salmon. Having adapted to life in cold water， salmon experience slow growth and population changes at high temperatures. Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease.
"Now salmon are struggling to deal with the rising temperatures. There are recent records of 27 ℃ in the upper reaches of the Dee catchment，" says Peter Cairns， director of an environmental charity. In 2018， Scotland recorded the lowest rod catch for salmon since records began. Evidence suggests that the degraded quality of river catchments worsens the impact of our changing climate. "Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland that were once way more forested and therefore shaded，" says Cairns. Yet Scotland is today one of the least wooded countries in Europe， with just 3 percent of its native woodland undamaged. Scientists have found that just 35 percent of rivers in Scotland have enough tree cover for salmon survival.
A movement to get trees back on riverbanks is gathering pace. "Broadleaf trees close to the bank can reduce the light that enters the water，" explains fisheries scientist Anthony Hawkins. A new initiative called Riverwoods — led by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and supported by Scottish Water and several other government and regulatory bodies — aims to create a network of woodlands along Scotland’s riverbanks， and has already received a number of large funds."Money is not the pressing business. River health is complex， but tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away，"says Cairns.
全球变暖给大西洋鲑的生存带来了极大的挑战，为了给大西洋鲑提供更好的生存环境，苏格兰有关部门计划在河岸上植树。
【词语积累】 hardy adj.能吃苦耐劳的，适应力强的；耐寒的 acidify v.（使）变成酸，酸化 bear down on加压力于 wooded adj.树木覆盖的 pressing adj.紧迫的，不容忽视的
1. Why do Atlantic salmon make great journeys back to the rivers？
A. To search for foods.
B. To reproduce.
C. The rivers are relatively cool.
D. The seas are increasingly warm.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Each spring and summer， they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland’s shallow rivers"可知，大西洋鲑每年春夏之际会洄游到苏格兰去产卵，故B项正确。reproduce繁殖，生育。
2. How do the rising temperatures in rivers affect salmon？
A. They make them grow more quickly.
B. They make them more heat-resistant.
C. They make them less active in water.
D. They make them more likely to get diseases.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease"可知，高温影响了大西洋鲑的健康，降低了它们对疾病的抵抗力，据此可推知，它们更容易得病，故D项正确。
3. What is a challenge for salmon when they return to Scotland’s rivers？
A. There is a shortage of food.
B. There are many fishermen.
C. The ecological environment has changed.
D. The river systems are unsuitable for the forest growth.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"‘Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland...one of the least wooded countries in Europe"可知，大西洋鲑已经适应了苏格兰森林茂密的生态环境，然而现在的苏格兰却成了欧洲树木覆盖最少的国家之一，这对大西洋鲑来说是一个挑战，故C项正确。
4. What does Cairns really intend to tell us in the last paragraph？
A. It is urgent to plant riverbank trees.
B. It is too hard to restore the river health.
C. There is enough money for the project.
D. There are too many vital things to deal with.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段中Cairns所说的话中的"tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away"可知，Cairns认为种树是可以立刻开始着手做的事情之一，据此可以推断，Cairns认为当务之急是种植河岸树木，故A项正确。
二、完形填空
[2023广东深圳一调]Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） for fun in 2020. But after realizing monarch butterflies were an endangered species， their 1 soon turned into a serious mission.
They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had 2 since the early 1990s， due to habitat 3 and widespread use of chemicals， which made milkweeds monarch butterflies 4 for their main diet dangerous to eat.
So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden 5 for the butterflies. The garden grew organic milkweeds that 6 and kept the butterflies. To help 7 the locals to sustain the monarch butterfly’s population， they created an exhibition about monarch butterflies in the local library. They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but it 8 a lot. To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the Farmers Market to sell their 9 milkweeds for people to plant. Although the fundraising days were 10 ， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people’s support.
The team has won the Silver Award for their 11 of taking care of these butterflies， but they are not 12 with their work. "Our next step is to cut down on the use of 13 to guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies，" said Natalie. In the award ceremony， their teacher Brian 14 ， "I am so proud of them for their constant 15 ."
13岁的Natalie和Callie之前把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一个业余爱好，但是当了解到黑脉金斑蝶是濒危物种后，她们便开始采取措施保护黑脉金斑蝶。
1. A. dream B. hobby
C. career D. decision
解析 B 由上文中的"started raising monarch butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） for fun"可知，Natalie和Callie把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一种业余爱好（hobby）。
2. A. doubled B. aged
C. declined D. exploded
解析 C 由上文中的"monarch butterflies were an endangered species"可知，黑脉金斑蝶的数量下降（declined）了。
3.A.management B. assessment
C. selection D.destruction
解析 D 由语境可知，此处说的是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因。由空后的"widespread use of chemicals"和常识可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因之一是栖息地遭到了破坏（destruction）。management经营，管理；assessment评估，评定；selection选择，挑选，选拔。
4. A. relied on B. kept off
C.broke downD. gave away
解析 A 黑脉金斑蝶主要依赖（relied on）马利筋草而生。keep off与……保持距离；break down分解，出故障，失败；give away赠送，泄露。
5. A. partly B. secretly
C. rarely D.specially
解析 D 两个女孩联合一个国家级非营利性团体专门（specially）为黑脉金斑蝶在当地种出了一个花园。
6. A. attracted B. protected
C. monitored D. trapped
解析 A 上文中讲到了马利筋草是黑脉金斑蝶的主要食物，那么，有机的马利筋草可以吸引（attracted）黑脉金斑蝶。
7. A. employ B. educate
C. force D. limit
解析 B 由语境和常识可知，她们在当地图书馆举办展览是为了教导（educate）当地人维持黑脉金斑蝶的数量。employ雇用，使用，运用；force强迫；limit限制。
8. A. meant B. cost
C. changed D. hurt
解析 B 由下文中的"To cover the expense"和"the fundraising"可知，在镇里搭建教育标牌花费（cost）很大。
9. A. dry B. medical
C. healthy D. wild
解析 C healthy（健康的）符合语境。
10. A. pleasing B. light
C. long D. disappointing
解析 C 由Although和下文中的"they finally succeeded in earning enough money"可以推知，筹款活动花费的时间有点儿长（long）。
11. A. project B. concept
C. schedule D. assignment
解析 A 此处指的是她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的项目（project）。concept概念，观念；schedule工作计划，日程安排；assignment（分派的）工作，任务。
12. A. concerned B. connected
C. finished D. occupied
解析 C 由下文中的"Our next step is to cut down on the use"可知，她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的行动并没有结束（finished）。concerned担心的，忧虑的；connected有关联的；occupied忙于……的。
13. A. chemicals B. time
C. funds D. energy
解析 A 由上文中的"widespread use of chemicals"和下文中的"guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies"可知，她们的下一步是要减少化学品（chemicals）的使用。
14. A. quoted B. continued
C. replied D.commented
解析 D 由"I am so proud of them for their constant 15 "可知，引号中的内容是老师的评论，故选D。
15. A. donations B. support
C. patience D.efforts
解析 D 由全文内容可知，Natalie和Callie一直在为保护黑脉金斑蝶努力，老师也为此感到骄傲，故选D。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]The mountain bongo antelope（山地紫羚）， one of the most endangered animals， is likely to continue wandering in the wild for longer. 1 （follow） 18 years of conservation efforts， staff members from the Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy reached a milestone this year — the first baby mountain bongo was born in the wild.
Unique 2 equatorial forests， the mountain bongo is the largest and most colorful of the forest antelopes in Africa. This species 3 （see） a dramatic decline in numbers in the last few decades from 4 estimated population of 25，000 to less than 100. Its population decline was 5 （main） human-driven. Now the conservancy is making efforts in partnership with the Kenyan government to help the mountain bongo through one 6 （innovate） breeding（饲养） and rewilding program.
"Due to the massive decline， we 7 （leave） with less than 100 of the species in the wild. The mountain bongo is only found in Kenya and its decline in this area therefore means its decline in the world. That explains 8 taking immediate action here is so urgent，" Robert Aruho from the conservancy said. He added that 9 （enable） the animals to adapt to life in the wild， they have taken a series of measures. With the first phase of the 10 （adapt） being complete， the conservancy has moved to the second phase which involves introducing the antelopes to the wild.
本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了肯尼亚山野生动物保护协会在拯救濒危动物山地紫羚方面所付出的努力。
【词语积累】 conservation n.保护 equatorial adj.赤道的，赤道附近的 human-driven adj.受人类影响的，由人类造成的 in partnership with 与……合作 massive adj.巨大的
1.Following 考查非谓语动词。follow与句子主语staff members之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且谓语动作是随非谓语动作而来的结果，故填现在分词Following。
2.to 考查介词。unique to...表示"……特有的"，为固定搭配，故填介词to。
3.has seen 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语in the last few decades可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语This species是单数，且与谓语动词之间为主谓关系，故填has seen。
4.an 考查冠词。所填词表示数字"1"，且estimated的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
5.mainly 考查副词。空处所填词修饰形容词human-driven，应用副词，故填mainly。
6.innovative 考查形容词。结合空前的one和空后的名词性短语可知，空处应用形容词来作定语。innovative表示"引进新思想的，采用新方法的，创新的"。
7.are left 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；leave和主语we之间是被动关系，故填are left。
8.why 考查宾语从句。空处所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
9.to enable 考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式表示目的和主动关系，故填to enable。
10.adaptation 考查名词。由空前的of the可知，空处应用名词作宾语。不可数名词adaptation在此表示"适应"。Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国乙]Aloe vera， peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species （species） that are easy to grow indoors.
2.[2023全国甲]Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.
3.[2022北京] Fearful that he might have an intention to harm （harm） her， Helen started to run.
4.[2021新高考Ⅱ]We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May， at 10 am， to demonstrate the variety of effective （effect） and active exercises.
5.[2021全国乙]On her day of discharge， we shared in her delight at her recovery （recover）.
6.[2021北京]We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone， and realizing that we need to moderate （调节） our actions if we hope to live in balance.
7.[2021北京]You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.
8.[2021浙江]Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens， split between watching television and using the Internet.
9.[2020全国Ⅲ]My mom is really concerned （concern） with the health of everyone in our family.
10.[江苏高考]However， the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction （extinct） of this precious species.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 遵守 B.观察C. 评论
①[2023新高考Ⅰ]When John Todd was a child， he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems. B
②[江苏高考]Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue — make sure ashes are cold before leaving. A
③[重庆高考]In a 1757 essay， the philosopher David Hume argued that because "the general principles of taste are uniform（不变的） in human nature，" the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. C
observe还可表示"庆祝"，相当于celebrate，如：
It is of great importance to observe the Spring Festival with family members.与家人一同庆祝春节十分重要。
2.
A. n.储藏 B. n.保护区 C. v.预订
①[2021全国甲]Port Lympne Reserve， which runs a breeding（繁育）programme， has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf （犀牛幼崽）. B
②[全国Ⅰ]This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington， D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear！ C
③[江苏高考]His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation（灌溉） water. Having created nine such ice reserves，Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200，000 m3 of water. A
点拨
reserve在题②中表示"预订"，相当于book。
3.[2022新高考Ⅰ] Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington， D.C.， which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的） produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. v.回收，重新利用
点拨
recover常表示"恢复，康复，找回"，但该句语境表示"DC Central Kitchen回收食物，并将其转变为健康的膳食"，recover在此表示"回收，重新利用"，相当于recycle。
4.[2021全国乙]Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. v.迫使
点拨
pressure常用作名词，表示"压力"，但在该句中用作动词，表示"强迫，迫使"。句意：Von Wong希望他的工作也将有助于向大公司施压，使他们减少使用塑料。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——保护非洲象
国际珍稀动物保护日即将到来，假设你是李华，你校将举办以此为主题的学生海报展。请你写一篇关于保护非洲象的英文海报参展，鼓励同学们加入动物保护行列。内容包括：
1.简述非洲象的现状（濒危物种）；
2.分析造成这种现状的原因；
3.可采取的措施。
参考词汇：象牙ivory
◎写作要点
1.非洲象是一种非洲本土物种，正濒临灭绝。（species， extinction）
The African elephant， a species native to Africa， is in danger of extinction.
2.由于非法狩猎以获取珍贵的象牙，非洲象的数量正在下降。（due to， illegal， hunt）
Due to illegal hunting for their valuable ivory， the population of African elephants is on the decline.
3.另一个令人担忧的问题是，它们的栖息地正在被破坏，这减少了它们的生存空间。（concern， habitat， reduce， living）
Another concern is that their habitats are being destroyed，reducing their living spaces.
4.我们应该拒绝象牙制品，并建立更多的保护区来保护它们的栖息地。（goods， reserve，habitat）
We should refuse ivory goods and establish more reserves to protect their habitats.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
No Trading， No Killing
The African elephant， a species native to Africa， is in danger of extinction.
Due to illegal hunting for their valuable ivory， the population of African elephants is on the decline. Another concern is that their habitats are being destroyed，
reducing their living spaces.
Though the local authorities have taken some effective measures to prevent the endangered African elephants from dying out， that’s far from enough to recover their population. We must make even greater efforts. For example， we should refuse ivory goods and establish more reserves to protect their habitats.
Immediate action must be taken！ Please remember — saving animals means saving ourselves！
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之生气与愤怒（二）
积累背诵 仿写运用
词 组 1.fly into a rage 勃然大怒 2.tremble with anger/rage 气得发抖 3.be/turn red-cheeked with anger 气得满脸通红 4.flush/flame with anger （脸）气得通红 5.stamp one’s foot in anger 气得直跺脚 6.be speechless with anger 气得说不出话 7.fuel one’s anger 火上浇油 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她一动不动地站在那里，眼睛里闪烁着怒火。 She stood rooted to the spot， her eyes burning with anger .（独立主格） 2.波莉气得浑身发抖，不敢相信她所听到的。 Polly trembled with anger/rage ， unable to believe what she had heard. 3.看到新连衣裙上的口子，她勃然大怒。 Looking at the rip in her new dress， she flew into a rage . 4.听说自己被除名，萨姆气得直跺脚。 Sam stamped his foot in anger when he heard that he had been expelled. 5.她气得涨红了脸，一把推开椅子，从桌子旁边站了起来。 She flushed/flamed with anger ， pushed back her chair and stood up from the table. 6."这太不公平了！"珍妮说，她的脸气得通红。 "That’s so unfair！" Jenny said， her face red with anger .（独立主格） 7.当爸爸妈妈回到家看到这些碎片时，我们知道任何解释都只会火上浇油。 When Mum and Dad came home and saw the pieces， we knew any explanation would only serve to fuel their anger .
佳 句 1.Filledwithfury， Jim ripped up all the letters. 吉姆满腔愤怒，把所有的信都撕碎了。 2.Myangerstartedtogrow， and I shouted at them to hurry up， but they didn’t listen.我越来越生气，大声叫他们快点，但他们不听。 3.Hisfacecloudedoverwithanger， as he had just finished a quarrel with one of his guests. 他刚和他的一位客人吵了一架，满面怒容。 4.Eyesburningwithanger， I shouted at her to put my necklace where it had been immediately. 我眼中充满怒火，大声叫她立刻把我的项链放回原处。 5.Nick criticized everything I did. I became upset. Soon I was takingmyangerout on him. We began to argue. 尼克批评我所做的一切。我变得心烦意乱。不久我就对他生起气来。我们开始争吵起来。
