Unit 4 Natural Disasters
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. disaster n.灾难；灾害
2. flood n.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没
3. rescue n.&vt.营救；救援
4. damage vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失
5. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
6. shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避（风雨或危险）
7. ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏
8. percent n.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中
9. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
10. bury vt.埋葬；安葬
11. effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
12. supply n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给
13. power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
14. calm adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静
15. aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.帮助；援助
16. crash vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞
17. sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫
18. wave n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt. 挥手；招手
19. strike vi.&vt.（过去式 struck ；过去分词 struck ）侵袭；突击；击打；撞n.罢工；罢课；袭击
20. summary n. 总结；概括；概要
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. die vi.死；死亡→ death n.死；死亡→ dead adj.死的→ deadly adj.致命的；极度的；十足的
2. affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→ affection n.感情；喜爱
3. shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊→ shocking adj.令人震惊的→ shocked adj.震惊的
4. electricity n.电；电能→ electric adj.带电的；电动的→ electrical adj.与电有关的
5. breath n.呼吸→ breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→ breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6. wise adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的→ wisdom n. 智慧；才智→ wisely adv. 明智地
7. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→ suffering n.折磨；苦难；痛苦→ sufferer n.患病者；受难者
8. erupt vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→ eruption n.喷发
9. survive vi. 生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→ survival n.幸存；幸存事物→ survivor n.幸存者
10. deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→ delivery n.传送；递送；演讲方式
11. effect n.影响；结果；效果→ effective adj.有效的 → effectively adv.有效地
12. long adj.长的→ length n.长；长度→ lengthen vt.&vi（使）变长
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.drought n. 旱灾；久旱
2.slide vi.&vt. （使）滑行；滑动
3.helicopter n. 直升机
4.crack n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.&vt. （使）破裂
5.brick n. 砖；砖块
6.metal n. 金属
7.revive vt.&vi. 复活；（使）苏醒
8.unify vi.&vt. 统一；（使）成一体
9.context n. 上下文；语境；背景
10.volcano n. 火山
11.typhoon n. 台风
12.hurricane n. （尤指西大西洋的）飓风
13.tap vi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
14.pipe n. 管子；管道
15.whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
16.emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
17.kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2. fall down 跌倒；倒塌
3. carry out 执行；实施；贯彻；完成
4.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5.in shock 震惊；吃惊
6.dig out 挖掘出；发现
7.come to an end 结束；终结
8.in the open air 露天；在户外
9.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
10.sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end ！（as if引导的表语从句）
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.（be doing ... when ...）
我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时水开始灌入屋内。
3.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat ， and dogs refused to go inside buildings.（too...to...）
鸡甚至连猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
4.Soon after the quakes， the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.（those who...）
地震刚刚过去，部队便派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众挖出，并掩埋死者。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.We set out to go travelling with excitement， but the bad weather ruined （破坏） our trip.
2.Since ancient times， storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom （智慧）.
3.When a heavy rain caused floods in the area， many volunteers delivered （递送） food and water to give a helping hand.
4.He has had to bury （掩藏） his pain over the years so as not to make his parents worried.
5.No one was injured in the explosion， but the building was completely destroyed .
6.It suddenly strikes me that I still owe you 20 dollars.
7.He found a hiding place as a shelter from the violent storm.
8.Although Rosemary had been suffering from a serious illness for years， she lost none of her enthusiasm for life.
9.Hearing the bad news，he took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.
10.Seeing the drowning girl， I jumped into the water immediately， took her to the bank and gave her first aid .
11.The electricity and water supplies have been cut off after the big earthquake in the town.
12.Many students were trapped by smoke and fire on an upper floor.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.People suffered a lot in the earthquake， and food and water delivery （deliver） couldn’t reach the area， which added to their suffering（s） （suffer）.
2.This desk is three times the length of that one， so it is long enough and needn’t be lengthened . （long）
3.It was shocking that Li Ming lost the football match yesterday， and all his fans were also in shock . But what made them even more shocked was that he didn’t care about it at all. （shock）
4.Jack seldom makes mistakes and makes almost every decision wisely . We all think he is a man full of wisdom ，but according to him，it’s all thanks to reading widely. （wise）
5.The new traffic rule will come into effect next year and is expected to reduce traffic jams effectively . However， there are still some people who doubt whether the rule will be effective .（effect）
6.An earthquake struck this city weeks ago， causing hundreds of people’s death . People from other provinces came to offer help， burying the dead and comforting those who lost their homes. For long，the area was covered with deadly/dead silence.（die）
7.Climbing was indeed a hard job.We were breathless halfway up the mountain and had to stop.Two hours later， we reached the top and couldn’t help taking a deep breath to breathe in the fresh air！（breath）
8.Jack is one of those survivors who （have）survived the flood. He told us his survival was owing to the help from a stranger.（survive）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
come to an end carry out as if sweep away
in ruins in shock on hand in the open air
1.Chinese people usually clean their house before the Lunar New Year， as they believe in this way the bad luck of the next year will be swept away .
2.Years of war have left the area in ruins .
3.Both of them want their dispute to come to an end ， but neither is willing to give in.
4.Seeing the city after the quake at the time， she says she was in shock .
5.Do you think it is important to carry out research on whales and other sea creatures？
6.Whether their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
7.I have so much work on hand that I don’t have time to go to the cinema.
8.The seemingly worried man took two steps forward， and then looked back as if he were waiting for something to happen.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.他英语说得非常好，好像在英国居住了很多年似的。（as if引导的状语从句）
He spoke English perfectly as if he had lived in the UK for many years .
2.上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。（be doing...when...）
Last Monday， I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
3.我吓呆了，害怕得不敢移动一步。（too...to...）
I froze with terror， too scared to move an inch.
4.陷入这样的危机加强了来自世界上不同地区的人们之间的联系。（those who...）
To be caught up in such a crisis strengthens the bonds between those who come from different parts of the world .Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Natural disasters， like drought，flood，typhoons， and earthquakes， are becoming more frequent nowadays. All have bad effects on humans’ life， making us suffer from terrible injuries and serious damage. The Tangshan earthquake in 1976 shocked the world then — about 90 percent of the homes in the city were destroyed， and electricity was hard to get because power was cut off. A large city lay inruins. Millions of people were affected and had to face death. It seemed asif the world were coming to an end. Thankfully， 150，000 soldiers were sent to start rescue work. They dug out those who were trapped，buried the dead and built shelters for those who survived the disaster. The tireless effortspaid off. Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
In this fight， humans showed great courage and wisdom. And what we learned from the disaster is to keep firstaidkitonhand in case of emergency. When a disaster strikes a place， it’s usually difficult to deliver food and supplies within a short time， but as long as we stay calm， positive and united， no disaster will defeat us.
1 affectvt.影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭；使感染
1.Unluckily， he was affected （affect） with a serious illness， which made his parents deeply concerned.
2.We must take effective measures to prevent the area from being affected （affect） by drought.
3.总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。 （短文投稿）
In summary， the English newspaper Youth affects me greatly或has a great effect/impact/influence on/upon me . I’m often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper.
★be affected by... 受……影响，被……感动 be affected with... 感染……疾病 ★（形近）effect n. 效应；结果；影响；效果 ★have an effect/impact/influence on/upon 对……产生影响
2 shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊（amaze，surprise，astonish）
1.This is one of the most shocking （shock） weather events I’ve ever witnessed.
2.I was shocked to hear （hear） the news that an earthquake happened in Sichuan Province， killing more than one hundred people.
3.Every staff member was in shock when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic.
点拨
介词in和许多表示情绪的名词搭配使用时，可用来描写人物的心情，如in surprise/amazement（惊讶地），in fear/horror（惊恐地）等。
4.Peter worked hard in the company and won praise from his boss and colleagues， but his name was on the lay-off（裁员） list. This gave him a shock/This made him shocked/This was shocking news for him/This came as a shock to him . （情景续写）
★come as/be a great shock to sb.令某人大为震惊 in shock震惊，吃惊 ★shocked adj. 震惊的，惊讶的 be shocked at/by sth.对某事感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊 ★shocking adj. 令人震惊的
3 buryvt.埋葬；安葬
1.[译林选必②－4]The time capsule， buried （bury）50 feet below the ground in a park， was designed to be opened in the year 6939.
2.听到自己的家人被埋在废墟之下，他双手掩面，忍不住哭了出来。（读后续写之情绪描写）
Hearing that his family were buried in ruins ， he buried his face in his hands and couldn’t hold back his tears.
3.Focusing on what he was doing， he didn’t even notice it was getting dark outside.
★be buried in （doing） sth.＝bury oneself in （doing） sth. 埋头于，专心于（做）某事 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 be buried in thought 陷入沉思（＝be lost in thought）
→ Burying himself in /Buried in what he was doing ， he didn’t even notice it was getting dark outside.（用bury改写画线部分）
4 effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
1.[人教必修③－4]As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow （grow） enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
2.As a senior high school student， you must make efforts/make an effort to improve the necessary communication skills （努力提高必要的沟通技巧）and develop critical and independent thinking. （建议信）
3.We’d better try our best to prepare ourselves for tomorrow so that we can have a bright future.
→We’d better make every effort/spare no effort to prepare ourselves for tomorrow so that we can have a bright future.（用effort升级画线部分）
4.学生应该专心学习。毕竟没有人能毫不费力地通过所有考试。（apply， effort）
Students are supposed to apply themselves to studying. After all，nobody can pass all the exams without effort.
点拨
apply oneself to （doing） sth. 勤奋工作；努力学习
★make an effort/efforts to do sth. 努力去做某事 make every effort to do sth.＝spare no effort to do sth. 尽一切努力去做某事 ★in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 without effort毫不费力地 with（an） effort费劲地
5 suffervt.遭受，蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
1.It is shocking to see the patient suffering/suffer from poverty and diseases and we all want to do something to help this sufferer out of his suffering（s） .（suffer）
2.Studies show that if people always sit before computer screens for long hours， they will have back problems from which they will suffer in the rest of their life.
点拨
本题中，back problems后面是"介词＋which"引导的定语从句。suffer from"遭受；患病"，是固定搭配，此处介词from提前了。
3.虽然自然灾难可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信只要我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
Although natural disasters may make us suffer great pains ， I firmly believe that we can overcome the disasters through helping and supporting each other.
★suffer from 遭受；患……病 suffer pains/defeat/loss 遭受痛苦/失败/损失 ★suffering n. 疼痛；苦难；痛苦 sufferer n.受苦者；受难者；患病者
6 supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
1.In the earthquake-stricken area，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food supplies （supply）.
点拨
此处表示"运送食物"，supply在此表示"补给品"，通常要用复数形式。当supply表示"供应，供给"时，为不可数名词，如：electricity supply电力供应，water supply供水。
2.Many parents in China are always making every effort to provide their children with the best education.
→①Many parents in China are always making every effort to supply their children with the best education/supply the best education to their children . （supply）
→②Many parents in China are always making every effort to offer their children the best education/offer the best education to their children .（offer）
★in short supply 供应不足 ★为某人提供某物： supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth. to sb. provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
7 survivevi.生存，存活，继续存在 vt.幸存；艰难度过
1.After the flood， people were suffering in that area， who urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter for survival （survive）.
2.Mr. Green was the only survivor （survive）in the earthquake.He told us he survived on a bottle of water.
3.没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。 （环境保护）
Without the ocean， no living things would survive， including humans.
★survive sth. 从……中活下来；幸存于…… survive on 依靠……生存 A survive B （by＋时间） A比B活得长（……） ★survival n. 幸存；残存物 survivor n. 幸存者
8 powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
3.[人教选必①－4]Scientists have found that when we feel proud and powerful ， we usually straighten up to make ourselves bigger. By contrast， when we feel powerless ， we tend to slump， making ourselves smaller.（power）
4.如果你有任何问题，尽管来找我。我会竭尽全力帮助你。 （建议信）
If you have any problems， just turn to me. I’ll do everything in my power to help you .
5.发生在他朋友身上的事使他惊呆了，他一句话也说不出来。 （读后续写之神态描写）
★a power cut/failure停电 have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力 do everything in one’s power＝try one’s best竭尽全力 beyond one’s power某人力所不能及 in/within one’s power在某人能力范围内 be in power 执政（强调状态） come to power 开始掌权/执政（强调动作） ★powerful adj. 强健的；强有力的 powerless adj. 无影响力的，无能为力的
He was so shocked by what happened to his friends that he lost the power of speech .
9 asif/asthough仿佛，好像，似乎
1.[译林选必①－3]When you look at the painting， it is as if you were （be） about to cross the bridge and enter another world.
2.[外研选必②－3]Childhood memories came back to me so clearly， as if the events had happened （happen） only yesterday.
3.I was dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride at his words， and my feet， as if rooted （root） to the ground， couldn’t move a bit. （读后续写之情感描写）
点拨
as if/as though引导状语从句时，若主从句主语一致，且从句谓语为be动词，那么从句的主语和be动词可以省略，构成"as if/as though＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式"。本题中，as if引导的完整从句为：as if my feet were rooted to the ground。
4.她紧张地捂住张大的嘴巴，觉得心好像要跳出来了。 （读后续写之情感描写）
She nervously covered her wide-opened mouth， feeling as if/as though her heart would jump out .（现在分词作状语）
★as if/as though既可引导方式状语从句，也可位于seem，look等系动词后引导表语从句。 ★若as if/as though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气： ·与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用were）； ·与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时； ·与将来事实相反，从句谓语用"would/could/might/should＋动词原形"。
10 bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，这时突然……
1.The old woman was walking （walk）cautiously on the icy pavement when her feet slipped and she fell over. （读后续写之动作描写）
2.[译林选必②－1]I was about to have （have）a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.
3.She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise the piano.
4.我正在担心如何说服她接受我的建议，这时我突然想到了一个好主意。（persuade，strike） （读后续写之心理描写）
I was worrying about how to persuade her to accept my advice when a good idea struck me.
★when作并列连词，表示"这时突然"，还用于以下句型中： be about to do sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然…… be on the point of doing sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然…… had （just） done sth. when... 刚做完某事，这时突然……
词根-fect-
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[北师选必①－3]It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth， including animals and plants.
2.[译林选必②－3]Burns damage skin， which can lead to infection and other health problems.
3.[人教必修②－5]As it turned out， there was no need to be nervous because all my hard work paid off and I played perfectly .Unit 4 Natural Disasters
一、阅读理解
A
[自然灾害/]Yellowstone National Park withdrew more than 10，000 visitors after flash floods hit the park. Houses， roads and bridges were washed away， and the park’s gateway communities were cut off from roads. Even as scientists and land managers are shocked by the severe floods， unseen in 100 years of recorded history， they recognize the similarities to the events their data predicted. They just didn’t expect them to occur this year.
While it will take more research to confirm if climate change made this flood event more extreme， the2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessment predicts significant changes in precipitation（降水）， including when it will arrive and what form it will take. Scientists expect more spring rain and less winter snow. The assessment also predicts increasing annual precipitation in Yellowstone National Park.
Changes have been already documented in the assessment. Since 1950， spring precipitation in the region has increased by 17 percent in April and 23 percent in May. Snowfall has dwindled even though overall annual precipitation has increased. That means rather than a slow release of meltwater to valleys during the summer months， rainfall tends to combine with melting snow， causing riskier events like the recent flood.
June precipitation this year is now at more than 400 percent above average in the parts of Montana and Wyoming that include Yellowstone. And as temperatures rise， these rain-on-snow events are projected to become more frequent at higher elevations（海拔） in western North America， while lower snowpack will make them less frequent at low elevations.
Bruce Stein， chief scientist of the National Wildlife Federation， said several years before， when he trained Yellowstone employees for climate planning， they focused on the features that drew visitors to the park — like bison and wolves. Roads， bridges， and houses getting washed away were out of their consideration. "I think it’s urgent and necessary for the park to look ahead to plan for different situations that could possibly happen as the climate changes，" said Stein.
本文是说明文，主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水以及洪水产生的可能原因。
【词语积累】 withdraw v.使撤离 assessment n.评价，评估 document v.记录，记载（详情） snowpack n.积雪
【熟词生义】 1.flash常用义：v.（使）闪耀，闪光 n.闪光，闪光灯 文中义：adj.突发的
2.project常用义：n.项目，方案，工程 文中义：v.预测，预计，推想
【长难句解读】 While it will take more researchto confirm （ if climatechange madethis flood event more extreme），
the 2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificant changes in precipitation
（降水），including（when it will arrive） and （what form it will take）.
译文：虽然需要更多的研究来确认气候变化是否使这次洪水事件更加极端，但《2021大黄石地区气候评估报告》预测了降水的显著变化，包括降水的到来时间和形式。
1.What can we learn about the floods？
A. They were the most destructive in history.
B. They had been predicted with certainty.
C. They were worsened by changes in climate.
D. They were partly in line with scientists’ expectation.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"they recognize the similarities to the events their data predicted...this year"可知，洪灾与科学家们的预测是部分一致的，故选D。
2. What does the underlined word "dwindled" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Varied. B. Balanced.
C. Doubled. D. Declined.
解析 D 词义猜测题。由even though和has increased可推知，画线词意为"减少"，故选D。
3. What does Stein think the park should do next？
A. Take preventative measures.
B. Rebuild damaged structures.
C. Focus on its attractive features.
D. Receive training in climate planning.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段的"I think it’s urgent and necessary for the park ... as the climate changes"可知，Stein认为黄石国家公园必须向前看，为气候变化可能引发的不同情况做好计划，这是非常紧迫和必要的。也就是说，黄石国家公园应该做到防患于未然，故选A。
4. What is the best title for the text？
A. Yellowstone area： Is it more at risk of flood？
B. Yellowstone flooding： Why does it happen now？
C. Climate planning： Why is it important to Yellowstone？
D. Climate change： Does it mean more rain for Yellowstone？
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水及洪水产生的可能原因，B项更好地概括了文章的内容，做文章标题最佳。
B
[2023山东二模]It was a long weekend in May 2018 and my partner Gabe Rosescu and I were taking a road trip to go to Nelson， British Columbia and spend some time with our friends. It was our first trip together.
At around 5：30 p.m. on Thursday， May 17， we were driving about 11 miles west of Creston， on a steep mountain road known as the Crowsnest Highway. I was texting updates to my family and enjoying the view. We weren’t aware that there had recently been flooding in the area. When I looked up from my phone， I saw a wave of mud and a huge tree coming down the mountain， right in front of Gabe’s car. He tried to stop， but it was too late. The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300 meters down a rocky cliff （悬崖） and our car landed on its side among some trees.
I didn’t know how long we were unconscious. But the body is an amazing thing， and somehow we were both able to crawl（爬） out of the crashed car. We had no phone signal， so all we could do was shout for help. After just a few minutes， we heard someone call back. Four passers-by spotted us and came to our rescue. When the emergency medical technicians finally got to our side， they loaded us into separate ambulances. I was in the hospital for a week and a half， but they kept Gabe for six weeks. I was told I would walk with a limp（跛行） for the rest of my life； Gabe permanently lost the vision in his left eye.
Before all this happened， we were happy-go-lucky people. We’re even more sanguine now. We look at everything differently. Despite the injuries we suffered， we’re grateful that we’re still living a pretty good life.
本文是记叙文，主要讲述了作者与Gabe在开车去看朋友的路上遭遇泥流，被冲下悬崖，最终获救并积极面对人生的故事。
【词语积累】 come to sb.’s rescue前来营救某人 happy-go-lucky adj.无忧无虑的，乐天派的，逍遥自在的
【熟词生义】 1.update常用义：v.更新，使现代化 文中义：n.最新消息，最新进展
2.wave常用义：n.海浪，波浪，波涛 文中义：n.涌现的事物
3.send常用义：v.邮寄，发送 文中义：v.使快速（或猛然）移动
1. Why did the author and Gabe go to Nelson？
A. To go sightseeing.
B. To visit their friends.
C. To join in a road trip.
D. To look for adventure.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Gabe Rosescu and I were taking a road trip ... with our friends"可知，作者和Gabe开车去Nelson是为了与朋友共度时光，即拜访朋友，故B项正确。
2. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. How the trip was planned.
B. Which roads they kept to.
C. How the accident happened.
D. What could be seen on the way.
解析 C 段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知，本段主要交代了事故发生的时间、地点、原因和结果，故C项（事故是怎样发生的）最能概括段落的主要内容。
3. What can we learn about the author and Gabe？
A. They both lost their phones.
B. They were both seriously injured.
C. They tried their best to keep conscious.
D. They were sent to hospital by passers-by.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段中的"I was in the hospital for a week and a half... lost the vision in his left eye"可知，作者余生都要一瘸一拐地走路，而Gabe的左眼则永久性失明。由此可知，作者和Gabe都受伤很严重，故B项正确。
4. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word "sanguine" in paragraph 4？
A. Optimistic. B. Fortunate.
C. Adventurous. D. Cautious.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由最后一段中的"Before all this happened， we were happy-go-lucky people"可知，作者他们之前是乐天派。再结合画线词前的"even more"和后面的"We look at everything differently... we’re grateful that we’re still living a pretty good life"可知，画线词所在句表示"现在我们更加乐观了"，故选A。
二、完形填空
[志愿服务/]Jim McIngvale watched in horror as Hurricane Ida made landfall， hitting Louisiana. For him， it 1 one thing： Time to "get in the game". McIngvale， who owns Gallery Furniture in Houston， quickly called for 2 of necessities like food and water. Then he and his workers 3 every truck to take them to Louisiana.
"Louisiana 4 to us Houstonians during Hurricane Harvey， so 5 ， it’s the right thing to do to help our neighbors，" McIngvale said. He also opened his furniture showroom to 6 many families.
Ana Lee is among those who were 7 to the storm. She drove to Gallery Furniture after being told about McIngvale’s 8 . "I was warmly received，" Lee said. "It’s a 9 to meet somebody like him."
People who lined up to help out said they did so after 10 watching McIngvale help those in need. Chris Ogle was one of them 11 by McIngvale. He helped putting 12 onto trucks after giving away some bottled water to the 13 . He said， "If you knew McIngvale， you wouldn’t be 14 by the long lines of people waiting to contribute. 15 ， this was not the first time he had helped. He had volunteered to offer help many times after natural disasters."
Jim McIngvale在得知路易斯安那州遭遇飓风侵袭之后，积极参与了对当地受灾居民的援助。在他的影响下，许多人积极参与其中。
【熟词生义】 effort 常用义：n.努力，艰难的尝试 文中义：n.有组织的活动
1. A. meant B. proved
C. stressed D. affected
解析 A 飓风"艾达"袭击路易斯安那州，于他而言，意味着（meant）一件事——是时候行动了。
2. A. allocations B. preparations
C. distributions D. donations
解析 D 由下文中的"necessities like food and water""giving away some bottled water"和"waiting to contribute"可知，D项符合语境。allocation划拨的款项，分配的东西；preparation准备工作；distribution分配；donation捐赠物，捐赠。
3. A. checked B. emptied
C. loaded D. cleaned
解析 C 此处说的是把物资装到卡车上，故选C项。load表示"（把大量……）装上，装入"。
4. A. came up B. made up
C. stuck out D. reached out
解析 D 在飓风"哈维"来袭时，路易斯安那州向休斯敦人伸出了援手。reach out to sb.为某人提供帮助，援助某人。
5. A. in return B. in general
C. at last D. at heart
解析 A 此处表示"作为回报，帮助邻居是正确的事情"，故选A项，in return表示"作为回报"。in general通常，大体上；at last最终；at heart内心里，本质上。
6. A. feed B. comfort
C. shelter D. examine
解析 C McIngvale开放家具陈列室是为了给许多家庭提供栖身之处。feed喂养；comfort安慰；shelter为……提供庇护处，收容；examine检查。C项符合语境。
7. A. accustomed B. directed
C. subjected D. challenged
解析 C Ana Lee是遭受风暴袭击的受害者之一，故选C项。be subjected to sth.表示"经受……，遭受……"。
8. A. generosity B. honesty
C. bravery D. strength
解析 A 此处表示"在得知McIngvale的慷慨之后，她开车去了Gallery Furniture"，故本题选A项。 generosity慷慨，honesty正直，bravery勇敢，strength力量。
9. A. pleasure B. chance
C. plan D. dream
解析 A Lee很高兴能遇到像McIngvale这样的人。pleasure表示"乐事，快事"，符合语境。
10.A.fortunately B. frequently
C. curiously D. carefully
解析 B 下文提到"这不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手了，他已经在自然灾害后提供帮助很多次了"，那么，此处表达的应是"在经常看到McIngvale帮助有需要的人之后，人们也开始这样做了"。fortunately幸运地，frequently经常地，curiously好奇地，carefully认真地。B项符合语境。
11. A. supported B. approached
C. persuaded D. inspired
解析 D Chris Ogle是受到McIngvale鼓舞的人之一。support支持；approach接洽；persuade说服；inspire激励，鼓舞。D项符合语境。
12. A. products B. clothes
C. supplies D. bottles
解析 C 上文提到McIngvale呼吁人们捐赠水和食物等必需品，那么，此处表示"Ogle帮忙把补给品装上卡车"，故选C项，supplies表示"补给品"。
13. A. effort B. company
C. service D. battle
解析 A effort在此表示"有组织的活动"。
14. A. touched B.surprised
C. excited D. delighted
解析 B 如果你认识McIngvale，看到人们排着长队等着捐赠，你就不会感到惊讶了。touched受感动，surprised惊讶的，excited兴奋的，delighted愉快的。B项符合语境。
15. A. Luckily B. Hopefully
C.Eventually D.Actually
解析 D 事实上，这并不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手。luckily幸运的是，幸运地；hopefully希望，但愿；eventually最后；actually事实上。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/The emperor penguin（帝企鹅） may not survive climate change — or even this century. For decades， global warming has been melting（使融化） the sea ice 1 the flightless seabirds make their home； some formerly 2 （freeze） areas have shrunk by 60 percent in just 30 years. These largest penguins are nearly 90 pounds in 3 （weigh） and can stand 45 inches tall. They need the ice 4 （produce） their babies， avoid oceangoing killers， and find food. When sea ice 5 （become） liquid early， the species can disappear. The population is 6 （present） stable with 270，000 to 280，000 breeding（繁殖） pairs.
But research suggests those numbers could fall by nearly half in the next 30 years， and that the species will be effectively extinct by 2100. Emperor penguins 7 （list） as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service already， which puts them 8 the protection of the Endangered Species Act. The hope is to protect them by 9 （get） more conservation funding and ways for international cooperation on research. "The listing of the emperor penguin serves as both 10 alarm bell and a call to action，" says Martha Williams， director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
本文是说明文。数十年来，全球变暖使南极的海冰大量融化，这使帝企鹅面临灭绝的危险。
1.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
2.frozen 考查形容词。由空前的"formerly"和空后的"areas"可知，空处应填frozen（冰封的，封冻的，结冰的）， frozen在句中作定语。
3.weight 考查名词。in weight是固定用法，意为"在重量上"。
4.to produce 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词来表目的，且此处表示主动关系，故填to produce。
5.becomes 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由语境可知，此处描述的是客观情况，动词应用一般现在时；主语sea ice不可数，谓语动词应用单数，且become为系动词，故填becomes。
6.presently 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作状语，应用副词，故填presently。
7.have been listed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语already可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Emperor penguins与list是动宾关系，故填have been listed。
8.under 考查介词。under the protection of表示 "在……的保护之下"，是固定用法。
9.getting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作介词by的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，且此处表示主动关系，故填getting。
10.an 考查冠词。alarm bell表示单数概念，此处表示泛指，且alarm的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Besides， working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on/upon Jaramillo’s special education students， many of whom have emotional control issues.
点拨
该句中含有"many of＋关系代词"引导的定语从句，先行词为students。句意：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。
2.[2022全国乙]It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media，but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain （sustain）.
3.[2021天津]Life without art would be boring and dead （die）still， for art is a part of what makes us human.
点拨
此处dead是副词，意为"完全地，全然地"，相当于completely。still为形容词，意为"静止的"。
4.[2020浙江]The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue， Washington， generally don’t flash the same length （long）of green twice in a row， especially at rush hour.
5.[2020北京]Tom has since reported the shocking （shock） findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
6.[2020江苏]Later， he worked in Africa， where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
7.[北京高考]A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped （trap）in the mountains for two days.
点拨
句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困山中两天的游客。根据句意可知，trap这个动作发生在risked之前，所以此处为过去的过去，应用过去完成时，且two tourists与trap之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。trap的过去分词形式应双写p再加-ed。
8.[北京高考]When they returned to Rockaway the next day， they found their neighborhood in ruins （ruin）.
9.[江苏高考]At the Beijing Olympics she swept （sweep） away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.
点拨
根据时间状语At the Beijing Olympics可知，此处应用一般过去时。sweep away doubts表示"消除怀疑"，句中的Jamaican woman因为有序数词修饰，其后用不定式ever to win...gold作后置定语。句意：在北京奥运会上，她成为第一位获得奥运会100米金牌的牙买加女子，消除了人们对她一贯表现能力的怀疑。
10.[全国Ⅲ]Just before September， Miller was struck （strike）by a car and lost his right arm.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. v.大量送至，挤满 B. n.大量
C. v. 大量涌入 D.v.淹没
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas， which are on loan from China. B
②[2023全国甲]Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see， and their answer is often the same： a grizzly bear. C
③[浙江高考]But when he finally reached her， the woman flooded him with questions： "Who are you？ What antique shop？" A
④[江苏高考]Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（连接） to replace flooded roads and highways. D
点拨
flood在③作动词，其本质含义是to send sth. somewhere in large numbers。flood...with...常用被动形式be flooded with， be flooded with在某种程度上相当于be full of/be filled with/be crowded with等。
2.
A. 侵袭 B.给（某人以……）印象
C. 达成（协议） D.猛地意识到
①[2021新高考Ⅰ]The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. C
②[2021全国乙]His comment struck me as strange. B
③[2020北京]But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. D
④[北京高考]On the 20th of that month， Dr. Welch examined a sick boy， Billy， and knew he had diphtheria， a deadly infectious（传染的） disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be helpless if it struck the town. A
3.[2021天津]Good evening， everybody. Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment， but let me introduce him first. v.发表
4.[北京高考]Two more ran to get the school nurse， who brought a defibrillator， an electronic device（器械） that can shock the heart back into work. v.使受电击
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——自然灾害
过去几年，世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，给人们的生产、生活造成极大的损失。假如你是李华，请你给某英文报刊"人与自然"专栏写一篇短文，要点包括：
1.描述自然灾害的现象和后果；
2.分析自然灾害频发的原因；
3.提出关于减少自然灾害的建议。
◎写作要点
1.在过去的几年里，发生了各种各样的自然灾害，比如地震、沙尘暴、洪水，给人类造成了严重的损失。（disaster，damage）
Over the past few years， there have been various natural disasters， such as earthquakes， sandstorms， floods， causing severe damage to human beings.
2.无数的房屋变成废墟，大量农田被破坏，数百万人遭受了巨大的经济损失。（in ruins，destroy，suffer）
Countless houses were in ruins， numerous fields were destroyed， and millions of people suffered great economic losses.
3.人口的快速增长对自然产生了不良影响，因为更多的人意味着地球上更多资源的供应。（effect，supply）
The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature， since more people mean larger supplies of resources on earth.
4.人们缺乏环保意识，使得自然界的突发事件越来越频繁。（emergency）
People lack the awareness of environmental protection， making the emergencies of nature more frequent.
5.我们应该尽一切努力保持人与自然之间的平衡。（effort）
We’re supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters， such as earthquakes， sandstorms， floods， causing severe damage to human beings. Thus，countless houses were in ruins， numerous fields were destroyed， and millions of people suffered great economic losses.
There are several factors contributing to these disasters. First， the rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature， since more people mean larger supplies of resources on earth. What’s more， people lack the awareness of environmental protection， making the emergencies of nature more frequent.
In my opinion， we’re supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature. Only in this way can we humans survive with our planet Earth.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之惊讶与震惊
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 amazed，astonished， shocked， surprised， open-mouthed， amazement， surprise， astonishment， alarm， startle使惊吓 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.当我看到这么多观众时，我惊讶得下巴都要掉了，不禁紧张起来。 My jaw almost dropped when I saw the size of the audience. I couldn’t help but get nervous. 2.听到这个坏消息，我惊呆了，我平生第一回不知道说什么话才好。 Hearing the bad news， I froze with shock/I stood still with shock/I was numb with shock . For once in my life I was lost for words. 3.他惊讶得说不出来话，甚至脑子都不灵了。 He was too surprised/astonished to speak or even to think. （too...to...） 4.令我极为吃惊的是，他在比赛最后一圈的时候赶了上来并第一个到达终点线。 Much to my surprise/To my great surprise ， he caught up in the last lap of the race and was the first to reach the finishing line. 5.汽车沿着弯弯曲曲的山路行驶，转过最急的弯道时，人人都惊得倒吸了一口气。 The car followed the twists and turns of the mountain road， and when it came around the sharpest bend， everyone gasped in astonishment . 6.当他打开电脑开始查看邮件时，他的脸上闪过一丝惊讶，但是又立即消失了。 When he turned on his computer and began to check the email， a spark of surprise flashed across his face， but soon disappeared.
词 组 1.to one’s amazement/surprise/astonishment令人吃惊的是 2.in astonishment/in surprise惊讶地 3.one’s jaw drops惊掉下巴 4.freeze/stand still/be numb with shock惊呆了 5.be shocked beyond words/be speechless with shock＝be too surprised/astonished to speak惊讶得说不出话来 6.gasp in astonishment惊得倒吸一口气 7.give sb. a shock/come as a shock to sb.使某人震惊
佳 句 1.I sensed asparkofsurprise in his eyes. He straightened up and looked at me，withhismouthwideopen. 我感觉到他眼里闪过一丝惊讶。他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。 2.He was obviously shockedby her words and alookofshockspreadoverhisface. 显然，他被她的话震惊了，惊愕的表情在他的脸上蔓延开来。 3.I leapedupasifIhadbeenstruckbythunder when I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. I turned around and looked at the stranger inwide-eyedastonishment. 当我感觉到有人拍我的肩膀时，我一下子跳了起来，如遭雷击。我转过身，睁大眼睛惊讶地看着这个陌生人。
