Unit 6 Survival
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. suburb n.郊区，城郊
2. greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的
3. thief n.小偷，贼
4. urban adj.城镇的，城市的
5. garbage n.垃圾
6. crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
7. cave n.洞穴
8. fuel n.燃料
9. wipe v.擦，拭，揩
10. consist v.组成
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. crime n. 罪，罪行→ criminal adj. 犯罪的n. 罪犯
2. commit v.犯（错误或罪行）；全心全意投入；承诺→ commitment n. 投入；花费；承诺
3. contain v.包含，容纳→ container n. 容器
4. estimate v.估计，估算→ estimation n. 估计；判断，评价
5. appreciate v.欣赏；赏识→ appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
6. restrict v.限制，控制→ restriction n. 限制，约束
7. hike v.&n. 徒步旅行→ hiker n. 徒步旅行者，远足者→ hiking n. 徒步旅行
8. optimism n. 乐观，乐观主义→ optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的→ optimistically adv. 乐观地；乐天地
9. consume v.消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、时间、能量等）→ consumption n. （精力、油、电等的）消耗量
10. react v.（作出）反应→ reaction n. 反应，回应
11. month n. 月，月份→ monthly adj. 每月一次的adv.每个月；每月一次
12. advance v.前进；进步n.进步；进展→ advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
13. terrify v.使害怕，使恐惧→ terrified adj. 可怕的，感到可怕的→ terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
14. infer v.推断，推定→ inference n. 推断，推论
15. expose v.使暴露（于险境）；揭露→ exposure n. 暴露，揭露
16. dust n. 沙土，尘土→ dusty adj. 布满灰尘的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.seaside adj. 海滨的
2.newcomer n. 新来者
3.migratory adj. 迁徙的
4.clay n. 黏土
5.indoors adv. 在室内
6.eliminate v. 消除，根除
7.firefighter n. 消防队员
8.fierce adj. 恶劣的，极端的
9.nuclear adj. 核武器的
10.unmanned adj. 无人驾驶（操纵）的
11.spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船
12.orbit v. 环绕……运行
13.agency n. 机构；（尤指政府内的）局，部，处
14.astronaut n. 宇航员，太空人
15.capsule n. （航天器的）密封舱，太空舱
16.trunk n. 树干
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. cope with 应付
2. bring ...under control 使……处于控制之下
3. get rid of 摆脱，除去；扔掉
4. wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭
5. consist of 由……构成，由……组成
6. in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时
7. in one’s way 挡着……的路，妨碍
8. have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
9. out of reach 够不到
10. under construction 在建设中
11. fit in with 适应，与……合得来
12. crash into 闯入，撞击
13. amount to 总计
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.With nowhere else to make their homes， they have no choice but to move in with us.（have no choice but to do sth.）
由于无处安家，它们别无选择，只能搬来与我们一起住。
2. As our cities become greener ， they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats.（as引导的时间状语从句）
随着我们的城市绿化率不断提高，它们为寻找新栖息地的动物提供了越来越有吸引力的空间。
3. There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins， as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems ...（that引导的同位语从句）
有证据表明，城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更聪明，因为前者经常需要解决难题……
4.One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them .（if引导的宾语从句）
一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。
5. There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars ， with dreams of making it our second home.（there is no doubt that...）
毫无疑问，人类被火星吸引，梦想着把它变成我们的第二个家园。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.It is a good idea to make garbage （垃圾） recyclable to make the earth cleaner.
2.Volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more
urban （城市的） visitors as a break from the fast and stressful pace of living.
3.The youths are greedy for the opportunity to prove their ability.
4.Walking in the forest in such hot weather， he had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead.
5.Due to many emergencies， stores spend more and more on crime prevention every year.
6.An actor’s body language plays a crucial part in telling the audience about the character he is playing.
7.The police are hunting for thieves who broke into a warehouse yesterday.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Mr Wang is a committed member of the team， who has committed large amounts of time to the training. Such commitment encourages us a lot. （commit）
2.Your support is greatly appreciated . Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you’ve done for us. （appreciate）
3.Whenever I see a goose， my first reaction is to run away. But my sister reacts quite differently.（react）
4.With the help of the advanced technology， we can complete the task in advance .（advance）
5.To keep healthy， we should consume adequate vegetables， fruit and dairy products every day. In the meantime， we should limit our consumption of fat and sugar.（consume）
6.Don’t expose yourself to the sunlight， as the exposure will do harm to your skin. （expose）
7.Our car was driving along the dusty country road， sending up clouds of dust into the air， which blocked our view. （dust）
8.According to the new speed restriction ， speed would be restricted to 30 mph in towns. （restrict）
9.The theater has advertised the new drama for months ， which will be put out monthly later this year. （month）
10.The mountain torrents rushed down with a terrifying force. I still felt terrified whenever I recalled that scene.（terrify）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
in the meantime get rid of consist of out of reach fit in with cope with under construction
1.Many times success just seems like something too far out of reach ， but as long as you work hard， it will be close to you.
2.A basic two-hour first-aid course would equip you to cope with almost any emergencies.
3.Some advertisements consisting of pictures or the words of experts aim to show people how good the products are.
4.It is advisable for you to listen to music， take exercise and communicate with your friends， which helps to get rid of pressure.
5.Ken got the first prize. In the meantime ， he broke the record， which made his teammates feel proud.
6.The new international airport is still under construction . It is reported that it will be put into use in two years， which will drive the development of local economy.
7.The restaurant was specially designed to fit in with the surrounding countryside and create an uplifting and inviting experience for visitors.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.由于大雨，我们别无选择，只好放弃露营，待在旅馆里。（have no choice but to do sth.）
Because of the heavy rain， we had no choice but to give up camping and stay in the hotel.
2.随着越来越多的物种濒临灭绝，我们意识到了保护环境是至关重要的。（as引导的时间状语从句）
As more and more species are endangered ， we have realized it is crucial that we should protect the environment.
3.有证据表明那位患者在那家医院治疗了一周就康复了。这真是一个奇迹！（that引导的同位语从句）
There is evidence that the patient recovered after a week of treatment in that hospital . What a miracle！
4.我想知道您是否能给我提供一些信息。（if引导的宾语从句）
I wonder if you can give me some information .
5.毋庸置疑，全球变暖对我们所有人的安全都是一个威胁。（there is no doubt that...）
There is no doubt that global warming is a security threat to us all. Unit 6 Survival
This seaside city，consisting ofeight districts， is struggling with the heatwave. It’s estimated that for up to a month the temperature will be over 40℃. Cars catch fire in the blazing sun. Firefighters with advanced devicesreact quickly to bring the fire under control. In the meantime， diseases spread due to untreated garbage and power failures happen frequently. People stay indoors to avoid being exposed to the sun and are not in the mood toappreciatethe beauty of the sea. To cope with these problems， the government has issued crucial plans to restrict electricity consumption and get rid of diseases.
1 appreciatev. 欣赏，赏识；感激，感谢；理解，了解
1.[人教必修①－5]Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase your appreciation （appreciate） of Chinese culture.
2.We’d appreciate your coming （come） as fast as possible， otherwise the fire will get out of control.
点拨
此处是appreciate sb./sb.’s doing sth.结构，表示"感谢某人做某事"。
3.如果您能尽早回复我的信，我将非常感激。 （求助信）
I would really appreciate it if you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
点拨
appreciate后面接从句时，要先接it再跟从句，其中的it指代后面从句的内容。类似用法的还有love， hate， like， prefer， dislike等。
★appreciate sb./sb.’s doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。
★appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；理解
2 reactv. （作出）反应，回应；起化学反应
1.I nudged（轻推） her and asked her that question but she didn’t react to it.
2.The chemistry teacher showed us how iron reacted with air and water.
3.There has been a mixed reaction （react） to her appointment as director.
4.只有当我们冷静应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能更好地解决问题。
Only when we calmly react to the emergency in life can we solve problems better. （"only＋状语从句"引起的倒装）
★react to...对……作出反应
react with...与……发生化学反应
★reaction n. 反应，回应
reaction to...对……的反应
3 exposev. 使暴露（于险境）；揭露；使面临；使接触，使体验
1.[人教选必②－2] Exposure/Being exposed （expose） to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world.2.Do not expose babies to strong sunlight， which can hurt their skin.
3.听到这么大声的音乐，这个女孩感到有点不舒服。
→①As she was exposed to such loud music ， the girl felt a little uncomfortable.
→② Exposed / Being exposed to such loud music ， the girl felt a little uncomfortable.
→③The girl felt a little uncomfortable with her exposure to such loud music .
★expose... to... 使……暴露于……；向……显露……
expose sb. to...让某人接触/体验……
be exposed to 遭受，暴露于
★exposure n. 暴露；揭露
4 getridof摆脱，除去；丢弃，扔掉
1.The new vaccine may rid the world of one of its most terrifying diseases.
2.他很努力，但他无法在短时间内完全改掉坏习惯。
He tried hard， but he could not get rid of his bad habits completely in a short time .
3.搬入新家时，我把很多无用的东西都扔掉了。
I got rid of many useless things when I moved into my new house.
点拨
rid...of...中，rid后的宾语是sb.或somewhere，摆脱或除掉的东西放在of后面。类似用法的短语还有rob...of...，remind...of...，warn...of...，cure...of...等。
★rid...of... 去除；清除
rid oneself of... 摆脱……；从……中解脱
5 consistof由……组成（或构成）
1.[人教选必②－3]For example， America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken， which consists （consist） of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers.
点拨
本题中，所填词在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，其数应与先行词General Tso’s chicken（左宗棠鸡）保持一致，故填consists。
2.True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
3.随着我们长大，我们发现生活是由我们记忆的瞬间组成的。
As we grow up， we find that life consists of the moments that we remember.
点拨
（1）本题除了可以填consists of外，还可以填is made up of，is composed of或is comprised of。
（2）使用表示"由……组成（或构成）"的几个短语时应注意：consist of没有进行时态和被动语态； consisting of作状语或后置定语时，可替换为made up of/composed of/comprised of。
★consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of＝be comprised of由……组成（或构成）
consist in＝lie in在于，存在于
6 that引导同位语从句
1.我们不可能按时到那里，因为大雪延误了我们的航班。
There was no possibility that we could get there on time ， because the heavy snow held up our flight.
2.毫无疑问，努力学习是提高成绩的关键。 （总结升华）
There’s no doubt that hard work is the key to improving our results .
3.我们应该保护我们的文化和自然遗产，这个想法已经得到了所有人的赞同。（倡议）
The idea that we should protect our cultural and natural heritage has won the approval of everyone.
★名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导。
★在that引导的同位语从句中，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略，亦不可用which替换。Unit 6 Survival
一、阅读理解
A
[2024贵州六盘水一诊]For emperor penguins， sea ice is essential to survival. The iconic birds， found only in Antarctica， breed， lay their eggs and raise their chicks on vast sea ice. They arrive at their breeding sites in late March. In May and June， they lay their eggs， which hatch after 65 days during the Antarctic winter. The chicks then remain on the ice until their fluff （绒毛） down is replaced by waterproof feathers， finally fledging （变得羽毛丰满） in the summer months of December and January.
Last year， sea ice levels in Antarctica were at an all-time low — a record first set in 2021.The Bellingshausen Sea region， to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula， saw the most extreme reduction of sea ice， with some areas experiencing a 100％ loss. Of the five known emperor penguins’ habitats in the Bellingshausen Sea region， all but one experienced what was most likely a total breeding failure due to the loss of sea ice， according to a paper published in NatureCommunicationsEarth&Environment. Satellite imagery clearly showed the sea ice had broken up before the chicks would have developed enough to survive on their own.
"We have never seen emperor penguins fail to breed at this scale in a single season，" the study’s lead author， Peter Fretwell of the British Antarctic Survey， said in a statement."The loss of sea ice in this region during the Antarctic summer made it very unlikely that displaced chicks would survive."
The study team also believe their findings support a projection that if present warming rates continue， more than 80％ of emperor penguins’ habitats will disappear， meaning they have too few individuals to support a population， by 2100.
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存。
1.When may emperor penguins’ eggs hatch？
A. In May. B. In August.
C. In November. D. In January.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"In May and June， they lay their eggs， which hatch after 65 days during the Antarctic winter"可知，帝企鹅的卵在八月左右孵化，故选B项。
2.What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs？
A. All emperor penguins suffered breeding failure.
B. The chicks can grow up before the sea ice breaks up.
C. Sea ice levels in Antarctica reached the lowest in 2022.
D. Most areas experienced a 100％ sea ice loss in Antarctica.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第二段中的"Last year， sea ice levels in Antarctica were at an all-time low — a record first set in 2021"可推理出，南极洲的海冰在2022年达到最低程度，故选C项。
3.What’s the function of paragraph 4？
A. Supporting ideas. B. Giving examples.
C. Making conclusions. D. Serving as transitions.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段"The study team also believe their findings support a projection that if present warming rates continue， more than 80％ of emperor penguins’ habitats will disappear， meaning they have too few individuals to support a population， by 2100"可知，研究小组对未来进行了预测：到2100年，超过80％的帝企鹅栖息地将消失，故可推理出最后一段用于支持中心思想——南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存，故选A项。
4.What is the main idea of the text？
A. Chicks are bred difficultly in Antarctica.
B. Emperor penguins fail to breed their chicks.
C. Sea ice loss affects emperor penguins’ survival.
D. Climate change affects sea ice loss in Antarctica.
解析 C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是南极洲的海冰减少影响帝企鹅的生存，故选C项。
B
[2024广东东莞10月考试]A song called LonelyWarrior（《孤勇者》）is always ringing in my ears. Six years ago， after hosting an annual ceremony for my school， I found that my left leg was a little swollen， and very soon I could barely walk. In fact， the swollen part became a fist-sized meatball that was so painful that I could barely sleep. Of course， I went to a local hospital， where I was given very bleak （不乐观的） news — osteosarcoma， which means bone cancer.
I underwent chemotherapy （化疗） for the next two years， and it was the worst time of my life. Physically， I felt that the side effects of chemotherapy were killing me. I lost all of the hair on my body and became totally bald. I could barely eat anything， even if I felt hungry. I no longer needed an alarm clock to wake up in the morning. Instead， what woke me was my body telling me that I needed to vomit （呕吐）.
I had no idea where all this treatment would leave me， and the dreams I had once nursed （怀有） about the future were entirely wiped out. I wanted to feel the world and experience more， so I stuck to the course of treatment. As time went by， however， I became weaker and weaker. The side effects now were far worse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off， and the doctor said that might be the best thing to do， as long as I could cope with the psychological and social pressures afterward. I made my decision very calmly， because I knew things could not be worse than they were at that moment， and I was determined that this was just one more battle I would win.
Now， six years later， I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this， and what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this： Have faith in yourself， and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through.
本文主要讲述了作者与骨癌斗争的经历。随着病情的恶化，作者决定顶住心理压力和社会压力，让医生截掉了一条腿。六年过去了，作者经受住了所有的磨难。最后作者鼓励仍在与困难斗争的人要对自己有信心，坚持下去一定会渡过难关。
【词语积累】 side effect副作用 cope with处理，应付
【长难句解读】 In fact， the swollen part became a fist-sized meatball that was so painful that
that引导的定语从句，
I could barely sleep.
其中有个so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句
译文：事实上，肿胀的部分变成了一个拳头大小的肉球，疼得我几乎无法入睡。
1.What can we learn about the side effects of chemotherapy？
A. They made the author suffer a lot.
B. They destroyed the author’s faith.
C. They were relieved after treatment.
D. They were more obvious in the daytime.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段的描述可知，化疗使作者痛苦不堪，作者的头发掉光了，他几乎吃不进任何东西，夜间睡眠也受到了很大影响。由此可推知，化疗的副作用让作者受了很大的苦，故A项正确。
2.What was the author’s decision to deal with his condition？
A. Chopping off his leg.
B. Turning down the doctor’s advice.
C. Giving in to the cancer.
D. Seeking psychological assistance.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段、第三段的内容以及第四段首句"I eventually suggested that the leg be chopped off"可知，针对病情，作者最终提议截肢，故A项正确。
3.What does the underlined word "weathered" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Resisted. B. Survived.
C. Escaped. D. Produced.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由最后一段中的"I have been so lucky to be able to find the strength to deal with all of this"可知，作者克服了所有困难。由此可推知，画线词所在句表达的应是六年后作者最终克服了所有困难，渡过了难关，故B项正确。
4.What does the author want to convey in the text？
A. A light heart lives long.
B. A good medicine tastes bitter.
C. Time works wonders.
D. One with faith braves any hardship.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"what I have to tell anyone still struggling with difficulties is this： Have faith in yourself， and do not let bad moments drag you down. Just hang on and you will come through"可知，作者在经历了这场疾病之后给出建议：要对自己有信心，不要让糟糕的时刻使自己沮丧，只要坚持下去，最终会挺过去的，故作者在本文中想传达的是有信心的人可以经受任何困难，所以D项正确。
二、七选五
I’ve been in advertising for eight years and worked a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects. 1 One day I watched a talk called "The power of time off". It’s about how every seven years， the speaker takes a year off from work so he can do his own creative projects. 2 I decided I had to do that. I need to take time to start my own creative ideas.
The first project ends up being something I call "One Second Every Day". Basically I record one second of every day for the rest of my life， combining these moments into one single continuous video until I can’t record them anymore. 3 There’re many things I have no recollection of unless someone brings them up， and I think， "Oh， that’s something I did."
4 On a good day， I’ll have maybe four seconds I want to choose. I’ll just have to narrow them down to one， but even narrowing them down to that one allows me to remember the other three anyway.
I don’t use any filters （滤色镜）， just trying to catch the moment as much as possible as it is. I started a rule of the first person view. Early on， I thought I should have a couple of videos where people would see me， but I realized that wasn’t the way to go. 5
The project has many possibilities. I encourage you all to record just a small piece of your life every day， so you can never forget that day and treasure every moment.
A. It instantly inspired me.
B. The purpose is to remember what I’ve done.
C. I’m always energetic when doing things I love.
D. People might have different interpretations of it.
E. It’s difficult， sometimes， to pick that one second.
F. But I never had time for one I wanted to work on on my own.
G. The essence of my project should be recording the thing as I actually see it.
本文是记叙文。作者从事广告行业8年了，加班熬夜做了无数项目，但他一直没有时间做自己真正想做的个人项目。有一天他受到一个演讲的启发，开始了自己的项目"每天一秒钟"，记录每一天的生活。
1.F 由上文的"worked a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects"和下文的"I need to take time to start my own creative ideas"可知，作者在工作中加班熬夜做了无数项目，看到一个演讲后决定开始做属于自己的项目，故空处内容应与没有做过个人想做的项目有关。F项"但我从来没有时间做一个我自己想做的项目"与上文构成转折，选项中的one表示"one project"。
2.A 上文提到作者看到一个演讲，介绍了演讲者每过七年，就花一年时间来做自己的富有创造力的项目，下文讲到作者决定也要这么做，开始自己的富有创造力的想法。A项"它马上启发了我"承上启下。
3.B 上文提到作者每天录一秒钟的视频，将这些一秒钟的视频拼接成一段连续的视频，直到他无法再录制为止，下文讲到有很多之前做过的事情，作者都想不起来了，故空处内容应仍与作者录制视频有关，且涉及记住过去的事。B项"（这一项目的）目的是帮助我记住做过的事"符合语境。
4.E 下文讲到在美好的一天里，作者想要多录制三秒钟，他只是把它们压缩到一秒钟，但是即使压缩到了只有一秒钟，也足以让他记住其他三秒钟。E项"有时候选择那一秒钟（的内容）很难"是对下文内容的总结。
5.G 本段主要介绍作者录制的所有视频都没有使用滤镜，尽可能还原事物本来的样子。他一开始用第一视角拍摄。早先他想过把自己录进视频里，但是后来觉得这不是他想要的。G项"我的项目的本质应该是记录我实际看到的事物的样子"承接上文。
三、完形填空
[奋斗精神/2023福建4月适应性练习]Jo o Carlos Martins is a famous pianist and conductor. However， his career has been 1 and his life has taken him in many different 2 .
As a teenager Martins began to perform in concerts. But in his late twenties， he had to 3 after badly breaking his arm. It was really a terrible time. He couldn’t look at a piano or 4 listen to music. 5 ， he decided to become the manager of a boxer， who won the world championship later. This 6 Martins to take up the piano and practise much harder. Six years later， he gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall， which was the most 7 moment of his life. He performed in concerts for years before he had to quit because of the unbearable 8 in his hands caused by too much 9 .
Martins， in his forties， became a politician. However， he couldn’t stand this 10 ， so once again， he went back to the piano. All was going well until something unexpected 11 while leaving a concert. He 12 a serious brain injury and lost all the movement in his right hand. Again， with great 13 he played just with his left hand. Years later he lost the use of the left hand and 14 himself a conductor. Now， in his late seventies， Martins is still taking 15 to work and has conducted over a thousand concerts.
Jo o Carlos Martins是著名的钢琴家和指挥家，但他一生坎坷。少年时他便登台演出，二十多岁时胳膊受伤，不得不放弃演出。此后，他成了拳击手的职业经纪人，拳击手获得冠军激励他继续弹钢琴。可是过度弹奏使他双手疼痛，不得不放弃音乐。此后他又开始从政……
1.A. smooth B. tough
C. flexible D. interesting
解析 B 由句中的"However"可知，该句和上句构成转折关系；上句说Jo o Carlos Martins是一位著名的钢琴家和指挥家，结合本句的"his career has been"可以推知，他的职业生涯充满了坎坷，故B项正确，tough表示"艰难的"。
2.A. cultures B. forms
C. directions D. levels
解析 C 由下文的叙述可知，著名钢琴家和指挥家Jo o Carlos Martins在职业生涯中曾做过拳击手的经纪人和政治家；结合该句中的"taken him in many different 2 "可知，他的职业有不同的方向。direction表示"方向"，故C项正确。
3.A. give up B. set out
C. turn up D. hold out
解析 A 由句中的"after badly breaking his arm"可知，他的胳膊严重受伤。结合常识可以推断，他不得不放弃音乐演奏，give up表示"放弃"，故A项正确。
4.A. still B. just
C. ever D. even
解析 D 由该句的"couldn’t look at a piano"可知，他不能看钢琴；再结合"or"可知，此处是说他不能看钢琴，甚至不能听音乐。even表示"甚至"，故D项正确。
5.A. Generally B. Ultimately
C. Immediately D. Naturally
解析 B 由该句的"decided to become the manager of a boxer"，再结合语境可知，他最终决定做一名拳击手的经纪人。ultimately表示"最终"，故B项正确。generally笼统地，大概；immediately立刻；naturally自然地。
6.A. forced B. promised
C. motivated D. forbade
解析 C 由上句可知，这位拳击手赢得了世界冠军；结合该句的"take up the piano and practise much harder"可知，这激励了他继续更加努力地练习钢琴，motivate表示"激励"，故C项正确。force强迫，promise承诺，forbid禁止。
7.A. realistic B. emotional
C. struggling D. striking
解析 D 由该句的"gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall"，再结合常识可知，第一次在卡耐基音乐厅演奏音乐是他一生中最高光的时刻。striking表示"惊人的，异乎寻常的"，符合语境。
8.A. pain B. cuts
C. tension D. sensitivities
解析 A 由句中的"unbearable 8 in his hands caused by too much 9 "可知，数年后他又因双手疼痛难忍而停止了演奏，故A项正确。pain疼痛。
9.A. conducting B. playing
C. instruction D. competition
解析 B 由上文的"take up the piano"和该句中的"too much"可知，由于弹（play）钢琴太多，所以他双手疼痛，故B项正确。conduct组织，指挥；instruction用法说明，操作指南；competition竞争。
10.A. career B. popularity
C. condition D. behavior
解析 A 由上文的"became a politician"可知，他在四十多岁时成了一名政治家；再结合该句中的"couldn’t stand this 10 "可知，但是他无法忍受这一职业。career表示"职业"，故A项正确。popularity流行，普及，受欢迎；condition条件；behavior行为，举止。
11.A. existed B. remained
C. occurred D. continued
解析 C 由句中的"something unexpected"可知，一切都很顺利，直到他离开一场音乐会时发生了意想不到的事情。occur表示"发生"，故C项正确。
12.A. found B. suffered
C. cured D. nursed
解析 B 由该句中的"a serious brain injury"可知，他的大脑受了严重的损伤。suffer表示"遭受"，故B项正确。
13.A. patience B. care
C. pleasure D. determination
解析 D 由句中的"he played just with his left hand"可知，带着极大的决心，他用左手弹钢琴。determination表示"决心"，故D项正确。
14.A. fancied B. considered
C. made D. chose
解析 C 由句中的"himself a conductor"可知，左手丧失功能后，他又使自己成为一名指挥家，故C项正确。fancy喜欢，想要；consider考虑，认为；choose选择。
15.A. measures B. chances
C. courage D. trouble
解析 D 由该句中的"Martins is still taking"，再结合上文他丧失左右手的功能、大脑受伤可知，Martins依然尽心尽力工作，take trouble to do sth.表示"不辞劳苦地做某事"，故D项正确。Unit 6 Survival
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Seeking and accepting constructive feedback （反馈） is crucial to/for growth.
2.[2023全国甲]Thankfulness has a lot of benefits： Research shows it makes us happier， less stressed and even more optimistic （optimism）.
3.[2021全国甲]It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes， score clothes from your friends， and have a party all at the same time.
4.[2020全国Ⅲ]Understanding her good intentions， I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation （appreciate）.
点拨
with appreciation "感激地"，为固定用法。
5.[2020北京]They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
点拨
句意：他们较少受到外部因素造成的压力。他们倾向于相信自己和自己所做的事情。
6.[2020江苏]This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment （commit） Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
7.[2020江苏]Wuhan declared temporary outbound （向外的） traffic restrictions （restrict）.
8.[2020天津]It’s been years since they were dusty （dust） little rooms with books.
9.[全国Ⅲ]A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.
10.[浙江高考]They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. 意识到 B. 感谢 C. 欣赏
①[2023全国甲]This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. C
②[2021新高考Ⅱ]But if you have to read a great deal for study， you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. A
③[2020全国Ⅲ]You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. B
2.①[2022北京]I decided to commit to completing the applications， and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence. v. 全心全意投入
②[天津高考]The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. v. 犯（错）
3.[北京高考]Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas， while reducing it in other spots， leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance. v. 刺激，加剧
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——历险经历
结合自己的生活实际，写一篇历险短文。内容要点：
1.事件发生的时间和地点；
2.事件发生的过程；
3.你的感悟。
◎写作要点
1.上个月的一天，我被困在我们公寓的电梯里。（trap）
One day last month， I was trapped in the elevator of our flat.
2.起初在黑暗中我感到有点害怕，但我设法让自己平静了下来。（terrified）
I felt a bit terrified in the dark at first， but I managed to calm myself down.
3.然后发现墙上有一个紧急铃，我按了铃，一个声音立刻回应了。（react）
Then finding an emergency bell on the wall， I rang the bell and a voice reacted immediately.
4.据估计，警卫三分钟后就会来。（estimate）
It was estimated that the guards would come in three minutes.
5.当我走出电梯时，我感谢了他们的帮助。（appreciate）
When I got out of the elevator， I appreciated their help.
6.保持冷静对应付紧急情况至关重要，这样我们才能控制局面。（vital， cope with， bring... under control）
It is vital to stay calm to cope with emergencies， so that we can bring the situation under control.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
One day last month， I was trapped in the elevator of our flat. The elevator just came to a stop all of a sudden shortly after I got into it. I felt a bit terrified in the dark at first， but I managed to calm myself down. Then finding an emergency bell on the wall， I rang the bell and a voice reacted immediately. It was estimated that the guards would come in three minutes. When I got out of the elevator， I appreciated their help. It is vital to stay calm to cope with emergencies， so that we can bring the situation under control.
写作二 读后续写——动作描写之各种"哭"
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 cry， weep 哭泣， sob 啜泣； tearful 含泪的， watery泪水汪汪的， misty泪眼模糊的 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.当在机场看到失散多年的弟弟时，她流下了喜悦的泪水。 When she saw her long-lost brother at the airport， she cried/shed/wept tears of joy . 2.当她用指尖慢慢地滑动屏幕，阅读每一条评论时，她感动得泪流满面。 While slowly scrolling the screen with her fingertip and reading each comment， she was so moved/touched that tears poured down her face . （so...that...） 3.他远离家乡已经一年有余。母亲寄过来的照片让他泣不成声。 He had been away from home for more than a year. The photos Mother sent him made him choked with sobs . 4.她突然哭了起来，然后一句话也没说，气呼呼地跑了。 She burst into tears/burst out crying and stormed off without saying a word.
词 组 1.cry/shed/weep tears流泪 2.burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来 3.tears pour down one’s face泪流满面
词 组 4.tears of excitement/joy well up in/fill one’s eyes激动/高兴得热泪盈眶 5.cry oneself to sleep哭到睡着 6.be choked with sobs泣不成声 7.be in floods of tears泪如泉涌
佳 句 1.I felt so sad that I found myself crying unconsciously， unable to hold back my tears.我感到非常难过，以至于我发现自己不知不觉地哭了，无法抑制住眼泪。 2.All those present to listen to her sad story were moved/touched to tears.凡在场听到她悲惨经历的人无不潸然泪下。
