Unit 4 Space Exploration
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Somehow， these arguments （argue） and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
2.[2023全国乙]Once we found the place， it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited （limit） time.
3.[2022新高考Ⅰ]As a special education teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination （determine）.
4. [2022全国乙] The more regularly （regular） they can be inspected， the more railway safety， reliability and on-time performance will be improved.
5.[2022北京] Crystal set out to change that， and helped to create a global （globe） movement.
6. [2022浙江1月]The project required each team to develop a hypothesis（假说）， set up an experiment to test the hypothesis， do the statistical analysis （analyse） and present the findings.
7.[2021新高考Ⅱ]For the first few days， Kynan was always a bit disappointed （disappoint） that the cubs（幼兽） weren’t there.
点拨
注意a bit， a little， a little bit修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级；a bit of， a little of， a little bit of修饰名词。根据空前的a bit可知，空处应用形容词。
8.[2021浙江]The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
9.[2020新高考Ⅰ]His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
10.[2020全国Ⅰ] While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three were given to me as gifts， which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
点拨
I attach to them为省略了关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰the meaning，关系词在定语从句中作宾语。句意：尽管我常常买很多书，但这三本是别人送给我的礼物，这一点也许增加了我赋予它们的意义。
11.[全国Ⅲ]For many older people...driving is important for preserving their independence （independent）， giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. v.示意 B. v.发信号 C. n.信号灯
①[2022全国乙]With their ability to see ahead， they could signal any problem， so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. B
②[2020浙江]The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue， Washington， generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row， especially at rush hour. C
③[湖北高考]In order not to be heard， she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs. A
2.[2020天津]If you want to have a business of your own， your local library can become a launch space for it. n.发起
点拨
此处launch没有变形，故不是动词，是名词。launch常见的意思还有"v.发射（火箭、导弹或卫星）"。
3.[北京高考]Because of the way light reflects off the organisms， these phytoplankton create colourfulpatterns at the ocean surface. n.图案
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——最喜爱的小说
你班英语老师请大家以"My Favorite Novel"为题准备一份发言稿，以便在下次的口语课上分享，内容包括：
1.书名及作者；
2.主要内容；
3.心得体会。
◎写作要点
1.我很高兴向你们介绍我最喜欢的书《八十天环游地球》，它由法国杰出作家Jules Verne撰写，希望你们也会感兴趣。（in the hope that）
I’m glad to introduce you to my favorite book AroundtheWorldinEightyDays written by Jules Verne， an outstanding French writer， in the hope that you will be also interested.
2.这是一部科幻小说，讲述了一位英国绅士Phileas Fogg先生的故事，他决心在八十天内环游世界。（determined， globe）
It is science fiction about an English gentleman， Mr. Phileas Fogg， who is determined to travel around the globe within eighty days.
3.即使面临许多困难和挑战，他仍继续他的旅程，并最终实现了目标。（carry on）
Even faced with lots of difficulties and challenges， he carries on with his journey and finally achieves his goal.
4.作者生动的描述和Phileas Fogg先生对探索世界的强烈愿望给我留下了深刻印象。（desire n.）
I am deeply impressed by the writer’s vivid description and Mr. Phileas Fogg’s strong desire for the exploration of the world.
5.只有读了这本小说，我才完全明白是勇气和胆量让我们成功，并激励我们不断前进。（result in）
Only by reading this novel have I fully understood it is bravery and courage that result in our success and inspire us to move forward constantly.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
MyFavoriteNovel
Hello，everyone. I’m glad to introduce you to my favorite book AroundtheWorldinEightyDays written by Jules Verne， an outstanding French writer， in the hope that you will be also interested.
It is science fiction about an English gentleman， Mr. Phileas Fogg， who is determined to travel around the globe within eighty days. Even faced with lots of difficulties and challenges， he carries on with his journey and finally achieves his goal. I am deeply impressed by the writer’s vivid description and Mr. Phileas Fogg’s strong desire for the exploration of the world.
Only by reading this novel have I fully understood it is bravery and courage that result in our success and inspire us to move forward constantly.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之宽慰与骄傲
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 relief， pride； relieved， proud 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.他高昂着头，把奖杯抱在胸前，站在队伍的前面。 Holding his head high ， he held the cup against his breast and stood at the head of the line.（现在分词作状语） 2.得知孩子们安全后，她如释重负地松了一口气。 Knowing her children were safe， she breathed a sigh of relief . 3.我自信且骄傲地走进体育馆，期待着为自己近期的胜利再添一冠。 Confident and proud ， I walked into the stadium expecting to add another crown to my recent success.（形容词短语作状语） 4.我为自己感到骄傲，因为我从来没想到自己可以成为救援队的一分子并真正发挥作用。 I was proud of/took pride in myself， as I had never imagined I could be part of a rescue party and really make a difference. 5.我被震撼到了，为这个男孩的勇敢感到满腔自豪。 I was blown away and swelled with pride in the boy’s bravery. 6.他们看向彼此，心中一阵宽慰。在灾难中幸存让他们对这个世界深怀感恩。 They looked at each other， and felt a wave of relief . Surviving the disaster， they had a deep gratitude towards the world.
词 组 1.smile with relief宽慰地笑 2.a wave of relief一阵宽慰 3.to one’s great relief使某人大为宽慰的是 4.breathe a sigh of relief如释重负地松了口气 5.a mixture of warmth and relief温暖和宽慰交织 6.a great sense of pride强烈的自豪感 7.be proud of/take pride in以……为骄傲 8.hold one’s head high高昂着头 9.be full of pride/burst with pride 充满了自豪 10.swell with pride满腔自豪
佳 句 1.Hiseyesshiningwithdelightandpride， he couldn’t say a word. 他眼里闪烁着喜悦与骄傲，一句话也说不出来。 2.We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter，sighingwithrelief. 我们成功爬上了直升机，松了一口气。 3.Feeling arushofpride， she ran to her son and put her arms around him. 她突然感到一阵自豪，跑过去搂住了她的儿子。 4.I have never seen her cry before， but now I can see tearsofreliefwellingupinhereyes.我从没有见她哭过，但是现在我看到她眼中涌出了宽慰的泪水。Unit 5 The Value of Money
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023全国甲]So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate， and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone， we get impatient （patient） about the circumstances.
2.[2022浙江1月] Stop trying to balance time between them all. Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.
3.[2021新高考Ⅰ]I’m not a trained musician （music）， but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.
4.[2021北京]Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation （hesitate）.
5.[2020浙江]The curtains are about to open （open）， and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
点拨
about在此处为形容词，而非介词，be about to do为固定用法，表示"即将，正要做"。
6.[2020天津]Before Vinnie could say yes， the President hurried on， a shade of aplolgy （apologise） in his voice.
7.[全国Ⅰ]But my connection with pandas goes back to...when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted （permit） to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
8.[全国Ⅱ]If we go on a trip abroad， we can broaden （broad） our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
点拨
在高考语法填空题中，提示词是形容词时，根据语境，有时需要在其前/后加上动词词缀，使其变成动词，常见的动词词缀有en-，-en，-is（z）e，-ify等。
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 活动领域，界，坛，圈子 B. 事件，场面，情景
C. 地点，现场 D.景色，风光
①[2023全国乙]After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks， we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. D
②[2022新高考Ⅱ] It would work like this： An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. C
③[2020全国Ⅲ] If you do， you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day. B
④[浙江高考] They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. A
点拨
scene还可表示"（戏剧或歌剧的）场；镜头"。behind the scene意为"在后台，在幕后；秘密地，背地里"。
2.
A. v.发现 B.n.斑点，小圆点
C. n.地点，场所
①[2023全国乙]We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. C
②[2022新高考Ⅰ]I looked around and finally spotted David， who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. A
③[全国Ⅰ] They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows， mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. B
3.
A. 估计，猜测（大小、数量等）
B. 批评，指责 C. 判断，评价
①[2023全国甲]What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance. C
②[全国Ⅱ]You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. A
③[福建高考]Very quickly， she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly（刻薄）. B
4.[2023浙江1月]All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. v.专门制作，定做
5.[2022北京]If we keep our body fit， we can enjoy life in a better manner. n.方式
6.[全国Ⅰ] Mitch Prinstein， a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers. v.把……分类
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——图书捐赠
假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。请根据以下提示，写一封邮件与中文班班长Chris联系，并告知将于今年7月赴对方学校参加夏令营时带去赠书。
1.自我介绍；
2.拟捐赠图书的类型、册数、用途等；
3.询问对方的其他需求。
参考词汇：学生会 the Student Union
◎写作要点
1.我是晨光中学学生会主席，我校将向你们的中文班捐赠一些书。（be about to do sth.）
I’m chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang High School， which is about to donate some books to your Chinese class.
2.我们将捐赠不同种类的图书，包括语言学习、中国历史、中国诗歌、中国戏剧等。（sort， opera）
We will give away different sorts of books， including language learning， Chinese history， Chinese poetry and Chinese operas.
3.每本书中都会有一个惊喜——手写的一句话，我敢肯定只要你们看到就会喜欢，这是为了表达我们最美好的祝愿。（bet， spot， intention）
There is a surprise in every book I bet you will like once you spot it — a hand-written sentence with the intention of sending our best wishes.
4.我愿意在今年7月去你们学校参加夏令营时带上这些书。（be willing to do sth.）
I am willing to take the books along when I go to your school for the summer camp in July this year.
5.如果还有什么是我们可以为你们做的，请尽管与我们联系。（hesitate）
If there is something else we can do for you， please don’t hesitate to contact us.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Chris，
How are you doing？ I’m chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang High School， which is about to donate some books to your Chinese class. We will give away different sorts of books， including language learning， Chinese history， Chinese poetry and Chinese operas. There are， in total， about 300 books. By the way， there is a surprise in every book I bet you will like once you spot it — a hand-written sentence with the intention of sending our best wishes. Hopefully， these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese better.
I am willing to take the books along when I go to your school for the summer camp in July this year. If there is anything else we can do for you， please don’t hesitate to contact us.
Yours，
Li Jin
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之担忧与焦虑
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 anxious， worried， restless， nervous， uneasy， concerned； worry， concern， anxiety 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.比赛结束，老师要宣读分数的时候，我非常紧张，心提到了嗓子眼。 When the match finished and the teacher was going to announce the score， I was extremely nervous with my heart in my mouth .（with复合结构） 2.父亲焦虑地朝他的儿子皱眉头，他的儿子已经病了两周了。 The father frowned at his son anxiously ， who had been sick for two weeks. 3.因为担心这次旅行，头几天我心里总是不踏实。 Concerned/Worried about the journey， I was unsettled for the first few days. （形容词作状语） 4.她坐立不安，脸色苍白，手心冒汗，心脏狂跳。 She was restless with anxiety ， with her face turning pale， her palms sweating and her heart beating wildly. 5.她忧虑地看了他一眼，犹豫要不要告诉他真相。 She gave him a worried look ， hesitating over whether to tell him the truth.
词 组 1.be concerned/worried about/that...担心…… 2.be restless with anxiety坐立不安 3.give sb. a worried look忧虑地看某人一眼 4.be filled with/full of anxiety and concern满是焦虑和担忧 5.frown at sb. anxiously焦虑地朝某人皱眉头 6.glance worriedly at sb.忧心忡忡地瞥某人一眼 7.with one’s heart in one’s mouth提心吊胆
佳 句 1.As the sky gradually darkened， he grewincreasinglyworried/concerned， pacing nervously up and down in the room. 天逐渐暗了下来，他越来越担心，紧张不安地在房间里踱来踱去。 2.With my paper in hand，nervousnessfilledmyheart and my mind went wholly blank so that I couldn’t think of anything I had learned. 我手里拿着试卷，心里满是焦虑，大脑一片空白，以至于想不起我学过的任何东西。Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023全国乙]There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful （harm） gases， such as carbon dioxide.
2.[2023浙江1月]Most trains operate （operation） just once a day and some run only three times a week， so missing yours can be a disaster.
点拨
operate为多义词，作及物动词时意为"操作，控制，使运行"，作不及物动词时意为"运转，工作；经营，营业；动手术"。此处意为"运转，工作"。
3.[2022新高考Ⅰ] I bit （bite） back my frustration（懊恼）. I knew the coach meant well — he thought he was doing the right thing.
点拨
bite back sth.表示"忍住不说出某事，不流露情感"。
4.[2022新高考Ⅱ] We offer scholarships （scholar） to low-income schools and youth organizations， subject to availability.
点拨
scholarship作"奖学金"讲时为可数名词，空前没有限定词，故要用其复数形式。be subject to表示"视……而定；服从于；可能受……影响的"，subject to availability表示"视情况而定"。
5.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Road accidents， which had fallen for years， are now rising sharply （sharp）.
6.[2022全国甲]And then in late November， Tilly had an operation on her leg.
点拨
have an operation＋on＋人或身体部位，表示给某人或身体部位做手术。表示"轻拍（pat）或打（hit）某身体部位"时也用介词on，如：
His father patted him on his shoulder.他父亲轻轻地拍了他的肩膀。
She hit me on my head with an umbrella.她用雨伞打我的头。
7.[2022北京]My perfectionist tendencies （tend） were the main root of this： I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did， which obviously in life is not possible， but it consumed me.
点拨
句意：我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：我想在我做的任何事情上都做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我的精力。
8.[2020新高考Ⅰ]Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners， who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
9.[2020新高考Ⅱ]To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor’s office， write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment （appoint）.
10.[2020江苏]Some people — and I was one of them — believe that humorous complaints （complain） about the little problems of life make humor， and sometimes that is the case.
11.[全国Ⅱ]There’s tension （tense） and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.
12.[全国Ⅱ]His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant （assist） in class whose creativity would infect（感染） other students.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 锋利的 B.敏锐的
C. （人或语言）尖锐的 D.急剧的
①[2023全国甲]TheSocratesExpress is a fun，sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire， loneliness， and aging. C
点拨
句意：《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考中。
②[2021北京]I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. B
③[2020浙江]...while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities， others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. D
④[江苏高考]Thus humans who lived a million years ago， despite their big brains and sharp stone tools， lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals. A
点拨
句中who引导定语从句，despite...作让步状语。句意：因此，生活在100万年前的人类，尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，还是一直生活在对食肉动物的恐惧中。
2.[2020浙江]The lamb had become separated from its mother， so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat. v.照顾，照看
点拨
tend还有"倾向，趋于"的意思，如：
Prices have tended upwards over recent years.近年来物价趋于上升。
3.[全国Ⅲ]I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different cities. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and a unique style. n.连锁商店
点拨
a chain of cafes表示"连锁咖啡店"，也可以用a cafe chain来表示。
4.[浙江高考]So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs（郊区）. v.租用
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——值得尊敬和爱戴的人
[2020全国Ⅰ]你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.人物简介；
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
◎写作要点
1.我身边最受尊敬的人是李老师，她道德高尚，教学经验丰富。（moral）
The most respected person around me is Ms Li， a moral woman with rich teaching experience.
2.为了解释她的观点，她往往尝试各种新方法，使她的课堂生动有趣。（illustrate， tend）
To illustrate her points， she tends to try various new ways， making her classes lively and interesting.
3.她内心深处有一个原则，即任何一个学生都不应被忽视，尤其是当他/她对学习表现出消极态度时。（principle， passive）
There is a principle deep in her heart that not a single student should be ignored， especially when he/she shows a passive attitude towards study.
4.她总是及时回应我们，并以极大的耐心帮助我们找到解决方法。（respond， assist， a great deal of）
She always responds to us in time and assists us to find a solution with a great deal of patience.
5.正是李老师带领我们度过了三年紧张的时光，这三年也见证了我们成绩的大幅提高。（carry sb. through， sharp）
It is Ms Li who has carried usthrough those three stressful years， which have witnessed a sharp rise in our grades as well.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
ThePersonIRespect
We have a lot of respectable people around us. The most respected person around me is Ms Li， a moral woman with rich teaching experience. First of all， though she has been teaching English for twenty years， she is still passionate about teaching. To illustrate her points， she tends to try various new ways， making her classes lively and interesting. In addition， there is a principle deep in her heart that not a single student should be ignored， especially when he/she shows a passive attitude towards study. When faced with a problem， we are never scared to turn to her for help. She always responds to us in time and assists us to find a solution with a great deal of patience. It is Ms Li who has carried us through those three stressful years， which have witnessed a sharp rise in our grades as well. All in all， she deserves our respect.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之后悔与内疚
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 guilt， regret； guilty， regretful 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.他非常遗憾地叹了口气，说道："你来得太晚了，安妮已经离开了。" He sighed with deep regret and said， "You are too late. Anne has already left." 2.当我听到这个坏消息时，我不由自主地感到一阵悔恨。 Uncontrollably， a wave of regret washed over me as I heard the bad news. 3.但与此同时，内疚感涌上了我的心头。 But at the same time， a sense of guilt came over me. 4.我在窗边坐了很久，眼含后悔的泪水。要是我没有骗他该多好。 I sat at the window for a long time， with regretful tears in my eyes . If only I hadn’t lied to him.（with复合结构；if only） 5.他想到自己是如何对待父亲的，感到非常愧疚。 He felt extremely guilty/was full of guilt when thinking about how he had treated his father.
词 组 1.be overwhelmed by feelings of guilt愧疚难当 2.a sense of guilt内疚感 3.feel guilty about对……感到内疚 4.a wave of regret一阵悔恨 5.much to one’s regret令某人深感遗憾的是 6.with deep/great regret非常遗憾地 7.a regretful goodbye/glance/smile遗憾的告别/怅然的一瞥/充满歉意的微笑 8.with regretful tears in one’s eyes眼含后悔的泪水
佳 句 1.It was at that moment that arippleofregretwelledup inside me. How I wished I hadn’t said those words！就在那时，我的心中涌起了一阵阵懊悔。我真希望我没有说那些话！ 2.Hearing what I said， he stormed out of the room，leavingmedumbwithdeepregret.听到我说的话，他愤怒地冲出了房间，留下我哑口无言，后悔不已。Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Each chapter concludes with a collection （collect） of practices， which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
点拨
collection作"收藏品；作品集；一批（物品或人）"讲时为可数名词。
2.[2023新高考Ⅱ] Seeking （seek） and accepting constructive feedback（反馈） is crucial to growth.
3.[2023全国甲]By the early 1970s， after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers （settle）， 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.
4.[2022新高考Ⅰ]There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East， and the charity has been given financial （finance） support to roll it out countrywide.
点拨
句意：现在，在东北部的20家养老院里有700名老人在照顾母鸡，该慈善机构得到了财政支持，以便在全国范围内推广。roll sth. out表示"正式推出（新产品）；开展（新的政治运动）"。
5.[2022新高考Ⅱ] Fortunately （fortunate） for those in midlife， Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser， getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
6.[2022新高考Ⅱ] High-intensity exercise is more suitable （suit） for the young.
7.[2022北京]This does not definitely （definite） mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
8.[2022浙江1月] One day I got word that he was admitted （admit） to the hospital for a serious disease.
9.[2021新高考Ⅱ]He wants to help them earn a living.
点拨
earn a/one’s living表示"谋生"。
10.[江苏高考]Why is this occurring （occur）？ Nobody is quite sure， but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. n.解脱，消遣
B. v.避开，避免（不愉快或危险的事物）
C. v.被忽视 D.v.逃跑
E. v.（气体、液体等）泄漏
①[2022全国乙]For them， there’s something highly exciting about escaping someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. C
②[2022浙江1月]In this book， he argues that as we seek to escape pain or sorrow， we’re weakening ourselves and may lose our adaptability to deal with pain in the future. B
③[2021新高考Ⅱ]As long as I get close enough， no criminal can escape from me. D
④[全国Ⅱ]A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. A
⑤[江苏高考]...the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries， in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment. E
2.
A. 定居 B.习惯于/适应
C. 解决 D.安放
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. A
②[2022全国甲]The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. C
③[2021全国甲]Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. B
④[天津3月高考]An unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu（臭豆腐）settled onto my grandmother’s dinner table. D
3.
A. 小巧迷人的 B. 极好的 C. 整洁的
①[2022新高考Ⅱ]Make sure your handwriting is neat. C
②[全国Ⅰ]These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. A
③[浙江高考]"It’s beautiful，" my mother said when I pointed it out to her. "What a neat basket." B
点拨
第②题根据neat后的little"小"可知，此处neat与其含义一致；第③题根据句中的beautiful可知，此处neat也是褒义词，表示"好的"。
4.[2020江苏] In looking into the stories of biological discovery， I also began to find something else， a collection of scientists， usually brilliant， occasionally half-mad， who made the discoveries. n.一批（物品或人）
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——跨国文化节活动
[2022浙江1月]假定你是李华，在"中国—爱尔兰文化节"活动中结识了爱尔兰朋友Chris，现在他已回国。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.回忆活动经历；
2.分享个人收获；
3.希望保持联系。
◎写作要点
1.我突然想到"中国—爱尔兰文化节"已经过去一个星期了，但我仍然记得我们在节日期间度过的愉快时光，那使我们从学校生活中解脱出来。（occur， escape）
It suddenly occurs to me that a week has passed since the China-Ireland Cultural Festival， but I can still recall the enjoyable time we spent together during the festival， which is an escape from our school life.
2.从中国书法到爱尔兰绘画，我们目睹了各种各样具有民族特色的杰作。（diverse， ethnic， at first hand）
From Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings， we got a glimpse of diverse ethnic masterpieces at first hand.
3.除了艺术，文化节还通过一系列历史资料展现了两国深远的历史。（apart from， collection， historical）
Apart from the art， the festival also unfolded the two countries’ profound history through a collection of historical materials.
4.从这次经历中，我真正理解到，地理分隔不一定会带来文化冲突。（bring about）
From this experience， I truly understand that geographical separation does not necessarily bring about cultural conflicts.
5.无论未来我们在哪里定居，我都希望我们的友谊将永远持续下去。（settle down）
I hope our friendship will last forever wherever we settle down in the future.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Chris，
How is everything going？ It suddenly occurs to me that a week has passed since the China-Ireland Cultural Festival， but I can still recall the enjoyable time we spent together during the festival， which is an escape from our school life.
From Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings， we got a glimpse of diverse ethnic masterpieces at first hand. Apart from the art， the festival also unfolded the two countries’ profound history through a collection of historical materials. From this experience， I truly understand that geographical separation does not necessarily bring about cultural conflicts.
At last， I hope our friendship will last forever wherever we settle down in the future. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之感动与感激
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 move， touch， appreciate； grateful， thankful， moved， touched； appreciation， thanks， gratitude 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她的演讲深深地打动了我，我决心更加努力地学习。 Deeply moved/touched by her speech ， I was determined to study harder. （过去分词作状语） 2.来自陌生人的温暖融化了他的心，让他觉得这个世界依然充满了爱和希望。 The warmth from a stranger melted his heart ， which made him feel the world was still filled with love and hope. 3.得知她的孩子已经获救，她流下了喜悦和感激的泪水。 Hearing that her child had been saved， she shed tears of joy and gratitude . 4.我送了一大束花给这位护士，感谢她在疗养院对我爷爷无微不至的照顾。 I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse to express my gratitude/thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home. 5.得知他为她做了这么多事情，她感动得流下了眼泪。 Knowing that he had done so much for her， she was moved to tears .
词 组 1.be deeply moved/touched被深深感动 2.touch one’s heart触动某人的心 3.melt one’s heart融化某人的心 4.be moved to tears感动得热泪盈眶 5.shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水 6.express thanks/gratitude to sb. for sth.因为某事感谢某人
佳 句 1.Awarmcurrentwelledupinhisheart the moment he realized how much his father had devoted to him. 当他意识到父亲为他付出了多少时，他心中涌起了一股暖流。 2.Her palms sweating， throat tightening and tears streaming down her face， she wastouchedbeyondwords. 她手心冒汗，喉咙发紧，泪流满面，感动得说不出话来。 3.She accepted the flowers，withhereyesfilledwithtearsofgratitude.她接过鲜花，眼里噙满了感激的泪水。Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]For instance， the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly （significant） more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
2.[2023浙江1月]They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural （agriculture） economy.
3.[2022新高考Ⅱ]...and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
4.[2020天津]The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet clapping （clap） for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
点拨
此处是have sb. doing sth.结构，表示"使某人一直做某事"。注意clap的现在分词形式要先双写p，再加-ing。
5.[2020北京]My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail.
点拨
句意：我对人性的信仰从来没有像上周末我们在维尔镇举行家庭聚会后那样强烈。faith后常跟介词in，表示"对……信任，信仰"；该句为so...as...引导的比较状语从句。
6.[2020江苏]Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. n.身材 B.n.雕像
C. v.认为 D.n.数字
①[2022全国乙]Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge， according to Treasury figures. D
点拨
treasury[C]意为"（城堡等中的）金银财宝库，宝库"，此处大写表示"（英、美等国家的）财政部"。
②[2020天津] Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child， with her tiny figure. A
③[2020天津]Making a full-length clay（黏土）figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！ B
④[全国Ⅱ] I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. C
2.
A. 映出，反映 B.沉思
C. 显示，表达 D.反射（声、光等）
①[2022全国乙]Their responses to the questions reflected their true belief that "I can see you only if you can see me， too." C
②[2021北京]History is a mirror reflecting reality. A
③[全国Ⅱ]"I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week，" he said. B
④[全国Ⅲ]But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰） into the valley below. D
3.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Push through， give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. v.获取，收获
点拨
（1）harvest除了可以表示农业意义上的"收割，收获（庄稼）；捕猎（动物、鱼）"，还可表示"获取"。（2）"push through"意为竭尽所能、排除困难做某事，"put in sth." 意为投入（时间、精力）。
4.[2023浙江1月]The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars（柱子）. v.以……为特色
点拨
feature还有"由……主演"之意。如：It’s a great movie and it features a Spanish actor who is going to be a world star within a year.这是一部精彩的影片，主演是一位西班牙演员，他不出一年就会成为国际巨星。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——成人礼活动
[2020天津改编]假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动，你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况，内容包括：
1.成人礼活动内容（成长点滴回顾、观看校友为社会做贡献的录像等）；
2.对活动的感受；
3.对自己未来的展望。
参考词汇：成人礼the coming-of-age ceremony
◎写作要点
1.关于你提到的成人礼活动，我很高兴与你分享以下细节。（ceremony， pleased）
On the coming-of-age ceremony you mentioned， I’m pleased to share the details with you as follows.
2.成人礼活动于6月8日举行，所有高三学生都盛装汇集在我们学校的礼堂里。（gather， dress up）
The coming-of-age ceremony was held on June 8， with all seniors gathering in our school hall， dressed up.
3.首先，我们观看了许多视频，它们记录了我们成长中的悲欢时刻。（joyful， moment）
First， we watched many videos recording the joyful and sorrowful moments of our growth.
4.学生们借此机会向父母、老师和朋友表达感谢。（take advantage of， gratitude）
Students took advantageof the opportunity to express gratitude to their parents， teachers and friends.
5.视频深深地打动了我，以至于我决心成为一个像他们一样可靠的人，对此我有信心。（faith）
The video moved me so deeply that I was determined to be a reliable person like them， in which I have faith.
6.从现在开始，不管前方有什么样的挑战，我都是一个即将踏上新征程的年轻的成年人了。（set off， in spite of）
From now on， I am a young adult setting off for a new journey， in spite of the challenges ahead.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Chris，
I’m so glad to hear from you. On the coming-of-age ceremony you mentioned， I’m pleased to share the details with you as follows.
The coming-of-age ceremony was held on June 8， with all seniors gathering in our school hall， dressed up. First， we watched many videos recording the joyful and sorrowful moments of our growth. At the end of this part， students took advantage of the opportunity to express gratitude to their parents， teachers and friends. Then， a video about former graduates’ contributions to society was shown to us. It moved me so deeply that I was determined to be a reliable person like them， in which I have faith. From now on， I am a young adult setting off for a new journey， in spite of the challenges ahead.
Thank you for your concern. Keep in touch！
Yours，
Li Jin
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之尴尬与羞愧
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 awkward， ashamed， shameful， embarrassed； shame， embarrassment 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.我为自己发了这么大的脾气而感到极为惭愧。 I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 2.他被两个警察架着，羞愧地低着头，从人群中走过。 He was held by two policemen， lowering his head in shame ， and walked through the crowd. （现在分词作状语） 3.他转过身去，假装看向窗外，希望没有人注意到他有多尴尬。 He turned around and pretended to look out of the window， hoping no one would notice how embarrassed/awkward he was . 4.约翰为没有信守承诺向玛丽道歉，他脸上露出尴尬的表情。 John apologized to Mary for not keeping his promise， with an embarrassed look on his face .（with复合结构） 5.在全班同学面前被批评，他窘得满脸通红，感觉仿佛全世界都在注视着他。 Being criticized in front of the whole class， he felt his cheeks burning/glowing/flushing/blushing with embarrassment ， feeling as if the whole world were watching him. 6.妈妈的眼神似乎在说她已经知道了真相。我本应该对她诚实。我羞愧掩面，不敢直视她的眼睛。 Mom’s eyes seemed to say she had already known the truth. I should have been honest with her. I covered my face in shame ，afraid to look her straight in the eye. （第一空should have done）
词 组 1.be ashamed of... 对……感到尴尬/羞愧 2.to one’s shame令某人羞愧的是 3.put sb. to shame使某人自愧不如 4.cover one’s face in shame羞愧掩面 5.hang/bow/lower/drop one’s head in shame羞愧地低下头 6.glow/blush/flush/burn with embarrassment/shame 窘得/羞愧得满脸通红 7.with an embarrassed look on one’s face脸上露出尴尬的表情 8.shame sb. into silence使某人羞愧到闭嘴
佳 句 1."Sorry， Mom， please forgive me，" I whispered to her， with tears running down my face，ashamedofmyself."对不起，妈妈，请原谅我。"我低声对她说，泪水顺着我的脸颊流了下来。我为自己感到羞愧。 2.She suddenly realized everyone was watching her，embarrassmentwrittenalloverherredface.她突然意识到大家都在看着她，涨红的脸上写满了尴尬。 3.Anembarrassedsilencefellintheroom. It seemed all the people were holding their breath.房间里陷入一阵尴尬的沉默，似乎所有人都屏住了呼吸。
