Unit 3 Fascinating Parks
一、阅读理解
A
[2024河南六市10月调研]The Best US National Parks You May Have Never Heard of
Dry Tortugas National Park
Located almost 70 miles west of Key West， Dry Tortugas National Park， a group of seven islands， is a great destination to enjoy some of Florida’s nature. The islands are composed of coral reefs（珊瑚礁） and sand， and they are famous for the birds and sea life. Tourists can also enjoy Fort Jefferson， which dates back to the 19th century.
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Theodore Roosevelt National Park is divided into two units， a northern unit and a southern unit. Between the two sections， this park gives tourists the opportunity to experience some of North Dakota’s unique scenery. The hiking trails（小径） allow tourists to see some of this country’s natural wonders and amazing wildlife.
Isle Royale National Park
Isle Royale is one of the special parks in the US. The island is only accessible by boat. Once there， you can enjoy the unique wilderness that has been protected in a special way. The island has a beautiful coast that can be explored by boat. You can also explore the island by hiking its many trails. Another unique feature of the island is the ships that have been destroyed at sea.
Guadalupe Mountains National Park
Guadalupe Mountains National Park extends from the low desert to the high mountains. Tourists to this park can enjoy over 80 miles of trails throughout the park. It is also home to the Salt Basin Dunes， an amazing windswept landscape.
本文为应用文，主要介绍了美国四个国家公园。
1.What can tourists do in Theodore Roosevelt National Park？
A.Walk along the hiking trails.
B. Admire coral reefs.
C. Enjoy the Salt Basin Dunes.
D. See Fort Jefferson.
解析 A 细节理解题。由Theodore Roosevelt National Park部分中的"The hiking trails（小径） allow tourists to see some of this country’s natural wonders and amazing wildlife"可知，游客在Theodore Roosevelt National Park可以体验这里的远足路线，故选A。
2.How can tourists reach Isle Royale National Park？
A. By train. B. By car.
C. By water. D. On foot.
解析 C 细节理解题。由Isle Royale National Park部分中的"The island is only accessible by boat"可知，游客只能通过水路到达Isle Royale National Park，故选C。
3.Which of the following features the windswept landscape？
A. Isle Royale National Park.
B. Dry Tortugas National Park.
C. Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
D. Guadalupe Mountains National Park.
解析 D 细节理解题。由Guadalupe Mountains National Park部分中的"It is also home to the Salt Basin Dunes， an amazing windswept landscape"可知，Guadalupe Mountains National Park有独特的风蚀地貌，故选D。
B
[2024湖南常德阶段练习]The Vjosa River， one of the last wild rivers in Europe， has been declared a national park by the Albanian government， making it become the first wild river park on the continent.
Home to more than 1，000 animal and plant species， the river flows for 270 kilometers， from Greece， through Albania and into the Adriatic Sea. Giving the credit to no dams or other artificial barriers， it is rich in aquatic species and supports a large number of wildlife species， including otters， the endangered Egyptian vulture and the critically endangered Balkan lynx.
The wild river national park will include almost 13，000 acres of land， crossing most of the body of the country， with thousands of people living in its surroundings. The decision to establish the park is more important than people may realize. For years， the Vjosa’s fragile ecosystem has been under threat： At one point as many as 45 hydropower plants（水电站） were planned to build across the region. But thanks to the campaigning by environmental NGOs， the tiny Balkan nation was placed at the forefront of river protection.
Albania’s prime minister， Edi Rama， described the creation of the national park as a "truly historic moment" for nature as well as social and economic development. "Today we protect the only wild river in Europe once and for all，" he said. "This is about to change a mindset. Protecting an area does not mean that you make it in isolation from the economy." He said national parks attract 20％ more tourists compared with non-protected areas.
The park will cover the 118 miles of the Vjosa in Albania， three main tributaries（支流）， and some land， including areas at risk of flooding. Phase Ⅱ will add other tributaries. Unlike the IUCN’s Wilderness Protected Areas， which limit the number of visitors， it will allow recreational tourism and some other activities such as local fishing， particularly for 60，000 residents in the catchment.
"We hope it will inspire others to come together to protect the wild places we have left， in a meaningful way，" said Ryan Gellert， Patagonia’s CEO， adding that the park was proof that the "destruction of nature did not have to be the price of progress".
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧洲大陆上第一个野生河流公园的相关信息。
1.What makes the Vjosa River rich in wild species？
A. Sufficient water.
B. The government’s policies.
C. The large area of fertile land.
D. The absence of human disturbance.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Giving the credit to no dams or other artificial barriers， it is rich in aquatic species and supports a large number of wildlife species， including otters， the endangered Egyptian vulture and the critically endangered Balkan lynx"可知，正是因为没有人类行为的破坏和人类建筑的干预，才使得Vjosa河生物物种十分丰富，故选D。
2.Why is the decision to build the park extremely important？
A. It helps to establish hydropower plants.
B. It relieves the power shortage in Albania.
C. It strengthens the protection of Vjosa’s ecosystem.
D. It promotes the development of the local wild land.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第三段中的"The decision to establish the park is more important than people may realize. For years， the Vjosa’s fragile ecosystem has been under threat： At one point as many as 45 hydropower plants（水电站） were planned to build across the region. But thanks to the campaigning by environmental NGOs， the tiny Balkan nation was placed at the forefront of river protection"可知，公园的建立能帮助增强对当地的生态系统的保护，故选C。
3.What can we infer from Edi Rama？
A. Building the park is beneficial to the economy.
B. More wild rivers need to be protected in Europe.
C. Non-protected areas will inspire a boom in tourism.
D. Social progress comes at the cost of the natural environment.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第四段中的"Albania’s prime minister， Edi Rama， described the creation of the national park as a ‘truly historic moment’ for nature as well as social and economic development"以及该段最后一句"He said national parks attract 20％ more tourists compared with non-protected areas"可知，公园的建立能吸引更多的游客，使得旅游业发展起来，进而有利于经济的发展，故选A。
4.How is the park different from IUCN’s Wilderness Protected Areas？
A. It includes more tributaries.
B. It limits the number of visitors.
C. It covers areas at high risk of flooding.
D. It combines leisure activities with tourism.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第五段中的"Unlike the IUCN’s Wilderness Protected Areas， which limit the number of visitors， it will allow recreational tourism and some other activities such as local fishing， particularly for 60，000 residents in the catchment"可知，本题选D。
C
[2024黑龙江双鸭山一中阶段考]Today， we visit one of the most famous parks — Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. This huge park in the southeastern part of the state covers more than one million hectares of the Alaskan wilderness. It includes mountains， glaciers， fjords（峡湾）， and even rainforests. Glacier Bay supports hundreds of kinds of animals， including many species of birds， fish， bears， whales and sea lions.
As its name suggests， much of Glacier Bay is covered by glaciers. A glacier is a large area of ice that moves slowly down a slope or valley， or over a wide area of land. Glaciers cover a large area of the park.
The glaciers found in the park today are what remain from an ice advance known as the Little Ice Age. That period began about 4，000 years ago. During the Little Ice Age， the cold weather caused the ice to grow and advance. That growth continued until the 1700s， when the climate began to warm. The hotter temperatures caused the ice to start melting（融化）. That melting led the huge glacier to separate into more than 1，000 different glaciers.
The extremely tall mountains seen in Glacier Bay were formed by the ice advancing and then melting over time. The melting of the ice also created water that filled in and created the many fjords within the park. Fjords are narrow parts of the ocean that sit between cliffs or mountains.
Glacier Bay is a popular place for people searching for adventure. Some visitors choose to explore the park by kayak. The small， narrow boats offer visitors a chance to experience the park’s many fjords and its hundreds of kilometers of coastline.
本文为说明文，主要介绍了冰河湾国家公园。
1. If you pay a visit to Glacier Bay， you will find .
A. it almost covers the whole Alaskan wilderness
B. rainforests are rare in such conditions
C. there live numbers of kinds of animals
D. there are more birds than other species
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Glacier Bay supports hundreds of kinds of animals， including many species of birds， fish， bears， whales and sea lions"可知，本题选C。
2. What can we learn from the third paragraph？
A. Some glaciers existed there long long ago.
B. The greenhouse effect hardly affected the glaciers.
C. The glaciers will disappear in the near future.
D. Only 1，000 large glaciers are left at present.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第三段中的"The glaciers found in the park today are what remain from an ice advance known as the Little Ice Age. That period began about 4，000 years ago"可知，本题选A。
3. What do you know about the fjords mentioned in the passage？
A. They were formed on the top of mountains.
B. They are far from oceans.
C. Their formation had a lot to do with water.
D. They move as the ocean flows around.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第四段中的"The melting of the ice also created water that filled in and created the many fjords within the park. Fjords are narrow parts of the ocean that sit between cliffs or mountains"可知，本题选C。
4. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage？
A. To do a research about Glacier Bay.
B. To warn visitors there are too many dangers.
C. To show Glacier Bay has a long history.
D. To introduce Glacier Bay to readers.
解析 D 意图推断题。作者在文中介绍了冰河湾国家公园，其中涉及地理位置、历史和现状，由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是向读者介绍冰河湾，故选D。
二、语法填空
[2024江苏南京六校联考]China will release the world’s first high-fidelity（高保真）virtual giant panda and a metaverse-like（类元宇宙的） world 1 it will live， China’s forestry and grassland authority announced. The digital giant panda will be able to interact with humans after 2 （give） Al life in this metaverse-like world.
The details of the giant panda’s bones， muscles， skin， hair and facial features will be created with millimeter-level precision. After it goes online， the public can immerse 3 （they） in the habitat with their mobile phones to learn about the living habits and environment of the pandas.
The digital project 4 （aim） at telling the stories of flagship species at China’s national parks including giant pandas， golden snub-nosed monkeys， Asian elephants and Siberian tigers， and it is also a creative way 5 （show） the world China’s efforts in bio-diversity.
6 this， Al has also been successfully used elsewhere. It has been used to 7 （automatic） identify and analyze the tracks of snow leopards from 100，000 photos taken every three months in national parks， increasing the 8 （accurate） of identification to 98 percent and 9 （strength） the efficiency of protection measures.
The National Forestry and Grassland Administration has also introduced VR solutions， which make visiting China’s Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park on people’s phones 10 reality.
中国林业和草原管理局宣布，中国将发布世界上第一个高保真的虚拟大熊猫以及它将要居住的一个类似宇宙的世界。游客可以在手机上了解动物的栖息地和它们的生活习惯。
1.where 考查定语从句。所填词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
2.being given 考查非谓语动词。此处after为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语；The digital giant panda与give为动宾关系，且此处表示一般情况，故用being given。
3.themselves 考查代词。immerse的宾语指的便是主语the public，故用反身代词themselves。
4.is aimed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示一般情况，谓语动词用一般现在时，主语The digital project与aim之间存在动宾关系，故填is aimed。
5.to show 考查非谓语动词。way to do sth.表示"做……的方法"，故填to show。
6.Besides 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空格处填介词，该介词表示"除了……（还有）"，且位于句首，故用Besides。
7.automatically 考查副词。所填词修饰动词，故用副词automatically。
8.accuracy 考查名词。此处应该用不可数名词accuracy作increasing的宾语。
9.strengthening 考查非谓语动词。现在分词strengthening与increasing并列，两个并列的现在分词短语作状语，表示主动关系和动作同时存在。
10.a 考查冠词。reality在此为可数名词，意为"现实，事实"。此处表示泛指意义，且reality的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。Unit 4 Body Language
一、阅读理解
A
[2024安徽皖江名校阶段考]Body language is an essential part of communication and can be just as important as our spoken language exchanges. Body language can be both conscious and unconscious actions， so it is important to make sure your body is sending the same messages as your words to ensure good communication. These actions can strengthen the verbal（口头的）messages you’re sending， and they can also lead to mistrust or confusion — signs of poor communication and misunderstanding.
Body language can make interacting with others and expressing yourself much easier， but it can also introduce new challenges. Some nonverbal signs unintentionally communicate parts of ourselves that we don’t want others to know. For example， bad posture or fidgeting（坐立不安） may communicate lack of confidence， something we may not intend others to know about us. But body language can strengthen our verbal messages and solidify what we are telling others. Facing someone with eye contact or taking notes while someone is speaking can communicate genuine interest. Without these signs， teachers may not be able to assess a student’s understanding.
When you’re speaking sincerely， it’s natural for your body language to respond to your words through gestures or facial expressions. We also use gestures in conversations to tell stories or describe objects， often using hand signals to show how big or small something is. These are largely unconscious， naturally occurring forms of body language.
It can be difficult to communicate confidence in your actions when you may not feel it internally. When you display confident body language， such as good posture or eye contact， even if you’re making a conscious effort， it can help you feel more confident. When speaking to others， practice controlling impulses to fidget and planting your feet confidently to increase self-esteem.
本文为说明文，主要介绍了肢体语言在生活中的作用。
1. What can we learn from paragraph 1？
A. Body language can be misleading.
B. Body language is unconscious for most of the time.
C. Body language always shows your real meaning.
D. Body language is more important than verbal messages.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第一段中的"These actions can strengthen the verbal（口头的） messages you’re sending， and they can also lead to mistrust or confusion — signs of poor communication and misunderstanding"可推知，本题选A。
2. Why does the author give some examples in paragraph 2？
A. To show body language can help us all the time.
B. To tell body language can show the true side of us.
C. To explain how challenging it is to read body language.
D. To tell teachers how to assess a student’s understanding.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第二段中的"Some nonverbal signs unintentionally communicate parts of ourselves that we don’t want others to know"可推知，本题选B。
3. What does the author intend to tell in the last two paragraphs？
A. Hand signals are essential ways to make ourselves understood.
B. Naturally occurring forms of body language makes us confident.
C. Proper body language can help us a lot in gaining confidence.
D. When speaking to others， try your best to hide your body language.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后两段的内容不难得知，适当的肢体语言能让我们展现自信的一面，由此可推知，适当的肢体语言有助于我们变得自信，故选C项。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text？
A. Knowing Your Friends Through Body Language
B. Understanding Others Through Body Language
C. Being Smart in Showing Your Body Language
D. Helping Communicate with Body Language
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了肢体语言在帮助我们沟通方面所起的作用，故D项做文章的标题最佳。
B
[2024辽宁沈阳市郊联体10月月试]As an actor， you’ve heard it before： Your body is your instrument. Just as a guitar player or a violinist needs to often fine-tune（微调） their instrument， you need to do the same. Here， let’s break down everything you should learn about body language exercises for actors， as well as why they’re necessary in the first place for you to enhance your acting skills.
Body language is the most emotive form of communication after verbal speech. You can learn so much about what’s going on inside based on what’s being externalized. Think about how some entertainment magazines often ask a "body language expert" to analyze a photo of a celebrity couple. However legit（合法的） or not that person’s expertise may be， there are many tells（不经意的动作） when it comes to body language.
By that same reasoning， think about how much an audience can learn about a character based on the actor’s body language. You can communicate subconscious（潜意识的） information about your role without saying a word. These exercises will put you in touch with your body and make you more aware of what you’re expressing to the outside world. They can help you get into the physicality of your character so that you can understand them inside and out.
Each performer is different and may have their preferable body language exercise. Take gait exercises for example. How a character walks is especially telling； it’s literally how they move through the world. An individual’s way of walking can also change depending on how they’re feeling at the moment： excited， sad， scared， etc. Have a bash at different walking styles to show the person you’re playing. Besides， you can write the gestures. This one is actually a writing exercise， but it will still come in handy when we construct a performance. Write out a short scene between two characters who have an entire conversation using only their body language.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了演员进行肢体语言练习的必要性。
1. What does the author mean by citing "Your body is your instrument"？
A. Keeping healthy needs proper exercise.
B. Learning some music is necessary for actors.
C. Perfecting physical expression is important for actors.
D. Improving performing skills needs professional guidance.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段中的"Your body is your instrument. Just as a guitar player or a violinist needs to often fine-tune（微调） their instrument， you need to do the same"可知，吉他手和小提琴手微调乐器很重要。那么作者引用"你的身体是你的乐器"是想说明完善肢体表达对演员来说很重要，故选C。
2. What can we learn about body language from the example in Paragraph 2？
A. It is presented in various ways.
B. It gives us lots of information.
C. It hides deepest feelings.
D. It is likely to be ignored.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第二段中的"You can learn so much about what’s going on inside based on what’s being externalized. Think about how some entertainment magazines often ask a ‘body language expert’ to analyze a photo of a celebrity couple. However legit（合法的） or not that person’s expertise may be，there are many tells（不经意的动作） when it comes to body language"可知，肢体语言给我们很多信息，故选B。
3. What is the benefit of taking body language exercises for actors？
A. Get them into the character they’re playing.
B. Inspire their greater passion for acting.
C. Help them realize their inner body.
D. Help them get more performing chances.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第三段中的"These exercises will put you in touch with your body and make you more aware of what you’re expressing to the outside world. They can help you get into the physicality of your character so that you can understand them inside and out"可知，做肢体语言练习对演员的好处是能够让演员进入所扮演的角色，故选A。
4. Which of the following can replace the underlined part "Have a bash at"in Paragraph 4？
A. Make out. B. Adapt to.
C. Try out. D. Bring up.
解析 C 词义猜测题。由最后一段中的"different walking styles to show the person you’re playing"可知，此处指的是"尝试不同的走路方式来展示你所扮演的角色"，因此，画线短语的意思应该是"尝试"，故选C。
二、七选五
[2023重庆实验外国语学校三模]With offices slowly re-opening， we may soon be expected to go back to interviewing in the old-fashioned way — in person. During an interview， your main job is to sell yourself as a confident and capable asset. But how can you do that？ One thing you should do is think about your body language. 1
●Give a good handshake but not too good. We’ve all heard that a handshake should be firm because one that is too soft can make you appear weak or shy. 2 You should avoid that. Instead， conduct a proper one to make both the interviewers and you comfortable.
●Watch your posture（姿势） and maintain eye contact. 3 Nothing conveys disinterest and lack of confidence like a slouch（懒散的人）. And remember that although it may feel uncomfortable at times， eye contact is also key — especially while the other person is talking.
● 4 If you keep putting your hands on or near your face， it can send the message that you’re not comfortable with what you’re saying. When you’re not gesturing， put your hands in your lap. And don’t forget to smile — a smile not only conveys warmth， receptivity and positivity， it also helps reduce stress.
●Listen actively and try using the mirroring technique. Active listening is a key part of any interview. 5 Mirroring or copying someone’s body language is also a powerful way to convey connection. Face your interviewers directly， sit in the same position and try to match the pace and volume of their talk.
A. Don’t gesture but smile.
B. But there is such a thing as too firm.
C. And here are some common red flags to avoid.
D. Keep your hands away from your face and smile.
E. This may seem obvious but it bears repeating： Sit up straight.
F. By doing so， you indicate to the interviewers that they have your full attention.
G. Here are a few ways to use body language to your advantage in your job interview.
本文主要介绍了几个有助于面试的肢体语言技巧。
1.G G项放在此处既能承接上文，又能统领下文。
2.B B项与空前的"We’ve all heard that a handshake should be firm because one that is too soft can make you appear weak or shy"之间为转折关系，B项中的firm与该句中的firm吻合；而且，空格后句子中的that指的是B项中的there is such a thing as too firm。
3.E E项中的Sit up straight是Watch your posture的具体表现，且与空后句子中的 a slouch在感彩上对立。
4.D D项放在此处可以充当空格所在段的主题句。D项中的Keep your hands away from your face与空后句子中的you keep putting your hands on or near your face相照应，D项中的smile与下文中的"And don’t forget to smile"相照应。
5.F Active listening是they have your full attention的具体表现，且F项中的doing so指的便是Active listening。
三、完形填空
[2024广东梅州开学考]Little Oliver was Mason and Rebecca’s miracle child. Rebecca suffered three miscarriages（流产） before Oliver was born. When they were still in extreme 1 ， Rebecca accidentally found the little boy never reacted to any sound. After examinations it was confirmed that Oliver was born 2 .
Facing such a blow， Mason and Rebecca never felt 3 . A few weeks later， Oliver got his first hearing aid. Despite several 4 ， Oliver could at last hear！ Rebecca and Mason were delighted.
Three years passed， and it was time to send Oliver to 5 . But on the first day Oliver returned home 6 ， "I don’t want to go to school...I have no friends..."
One day， Rebecca and Mason were called to the school， where Oliver’s teacher， Sophia told them Oliver never 7 with his classmates. He was afraid that his classmates would 8 him over his deafness. Though Sophia talked to him again， he was 9 to communicate.
Rebecca and Mason told her their son was 10 for friendship inside. Sophia decided they had to do something to help Oliver out of his 11 . They made a plan and put it into action on his sixth birthday. Oliver 12 his classroom and found it decorated with balloons. He was surprised and sat in his chair， 13 what was happening. Suddenly， all his classmates marched inside. They all wore colorful birthday caps and smiled at him. Oliver’s eyes rose with tears as he watched them sing a happy birthday song in 14 . They had learned sign language to surprise the birthday boy and make him feel 15 . Oliver was touched. It was a wonderful feeling to be surrounded by friends.
天生失聪的Oliver不想上学，在学校没朋友。后来，他的老师和同学们为他精心准备了生日手势歌曲。Oliver觉得自己终于成了班里的一员。
1. A. sorrow B. happiness
C. surprise D. loss
解析 B Oliver是他的爸爸妈妈好不容易才拥有的小孩，所以在他出生后，爸爸妈妈应是沉浸在幸福之中。sorrow悲伤，happiness幸福，surprise惊奇，loss失去。B项切题。
2. A. dumb B. blind
C. deaf D. one-handed
解析 C 由上文中的"Rebecca accidentally found the little boy never reacted to any sound"可知，Oliver对声音没有反应，由此判断，Oliver天生失聪，故选C。第8空后的deafness也是提示。
3.A. discouraged B. annoyed
C. embarrassed D. complicated
解析 A 尽管Oliver天生失聪，但他的爸爸妈妈却从未气馁。discouraged气馁的，annoyed恼怒的，embarrassed尴尬的，complicated复杂的。A项切题。
4. A. operations B. tests
C. worries D.difficulties
解析 D 由语境和常识可知，尽管遇到了一些困难，但Oliver终于听见了。operation手术，test测试，worry令人担忧的事，difficulty困难。D项切题。
5. A. school B. hospital
C. station D. work
解析 A 由下文中的"I don’t want to go to school"可知，到了Oliver上学的时候，故选A。
6. A. laughing B. crying
C. adding D. explaining
解析 B 由下文中的"I don’t want to go to school... I have no friends..."可知，Oliver在学校里过得很不开心，所以到家后他应是哭了，故选B。
7. A. debated B. agreed
C. studied D.interacted
解析 D Oliver害怕同学们笑话他耳聋，所以不愿意和同学们交流，故选D，interact表示"交流，沟通"。由第9空后的communicate也可得出答案。
8. A. punish B. scold
C. complain about D.laugh at
解析 D 参见上题解析。
9.A. unwilling B. cautious
C. confused D. unable
解析 A 由语境可知，Oliver不愿与他人交流，故此处指尽管他的老师再次与他谈话，他还是不愿交流，所以选A。unwilling不愿意，cautious谨慎的，confused困惑的，unable不能的。
10. A. grateful B. desperate
C. responsible D. concerned
解析 B 由语境可知，Oliver表面上不愿与他人交流，但是内心还是希望有朋友的，故选B。be desperate for渴望得到……。
11. A. doubt B. failure
C. insecurity D. reach
解析 C 由上文可知，Oliver内心渴望友谊，但是又害怕别人笑话他，所以他缺乏安全感，故选C。doubt怀疑，failure失败，insecurity没安全感，reach影响范围。
12. A. locked B. cleaned
C. entered D. designed
解析 C 此处表示Oliver进入教室，故选C。enter进入。
13. A. confirming B. concluding
C. ignoring D. wondering
解析 D 结合常识可以推断，他想知道发生了什么事，故选D。confirm证实，conclude结束，ignore忽视，wonder想知道。
14.A. gestures B. experiments
C. deeds D. words
解析 A 由下文中的"They had learned sign language to surprise the birthday boy"可知，Oliver的同学们学习了手势语，所以他们的生日歌是用手势语来表演的，故选A。
15. A. independent B. sensible
C. included D. praised
解析 C 由语境可知，Oliver的同学学习手势语就是为了让他觉得自己也是班级的一员，故选C。included被包含的，包括在内的。Unit 1 People of Achievement
一、阅读理解
A
[2024浙江名校协作体联考]Gladys West， the mathematician， was born in 1930 in Virginia and had to help harvest crops on her family’s farm. The hard work started before daybreak and lasted well into the blistering heat of the afternoon. To get out of there， she was going to get an education.
Her parents tried to save some money to send her to college， but unexpected bills kept hitting the fund. Then a teacher announced that the state was going to give a college scholarship to the two top students from her grade. Finally， West got the scholarship， allowing her to attend Virginia State College （now Virginia State University）， a historically black university.
West decided to major in mathematics because it was a well-respected subject. It was largely studied by men， but she didn’t take much notice of it as she knew deep in her heart that nothing was getting in her way. After graduating， she became a teacher. A few years later， she returned to the university and earned a master’s degree in mathematics. Then she was offered a job at a naval base in Dahlgren，Virginia. This made her only the second black woman to be hired to work as a programmer at the base.
Despite her intellectual abilities and career success， West felt she was inferior. It was this feeling， deeply rooted and felt by many African Americans， that drove her to work as hard as she could. West determined to commit herself to her work， hoping that by doing it to the best of her ability， she could get recognition for her work.
West did just that. In 1978， she became project manager for the Seasat project， the first satellite that could monitor the oceans. She programmed an IBM 7030 "Stretch" computer， providing faster calculations for an accurate Earth model. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit. In 1998， aged 68， she intended to focus on her PhD after retirement. She eventually finished her graduation thesis and gained her PhD in public administration and policy affairs in 2000 at the age of 70.
本文主要介绍了非裔美国数学家Gladys West的故事。她幼年家境贫困，上大学时主修数学，毕业后担任教师，后又成为海军基地的程序员。由于工作努力，她成为项目经理，70岁时获得了博士学位。
【词语积累】 programmer n.（计算机）程序员
intellectual adj.智力的；有才智的
commit oneself to致力于
accurate adj.准确的，精确的
1.What was the decisive factor to enable Gladys West to go to the university？
A. Her teacher’s aiding her.
B. Her parents’ paying the expenses.
C. Her family background.
D. The scholarship from the government.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段的"Then a teacher announced that...from her grade"可知，政府将给她那个年级的两名优等生提供大学奖学金。结合该段下文内容可知，她获得了奖学金，进入了大学。据此可知，是政府提供的奖学金促成了她读大学，故D项正确。
2.What can we infer from the text？
A. West got all her degrees after retirement.
B. Men dominated the maths field in West’s days.
C. Black women scientists’ talent was fully appreciated.
D. When she began to work， West felt she was superior to others.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段的"It was largely studied by men"可知，在那个年代，数学主要是由男性研究的；据此可以推知，在West那个年代，男性在数学领域占主导地位，故选B项。
3.What does the underlined phrase "a building block" in paragraph 5 mean？
A. A basic part. B. A detailed map.
C. A building material. D. A major obstacle.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由语境可知，画线短语所在句表示"这个详细的地球形状数学模型是GPS轨道的基础"，故画线短语的意思应为"基础组成部分，构成要素"，所以A项切题。
4.What kind of person was Gladys West？
A. Helpful and serious.
B. Honest and hardworking.
C. Ambitious and committed.
D. Considerate and devoted.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段描述可知，Gladys West自小在家从事艰苦劳动，为了离开家，她决定上学；由第三段内容可知，她决定学数学，虽然该领域内男性居多，但她深知没有什么可以阻挡她。据此可以推知，她是一位有抱负的人。由第四段的"It was this feeling...work as hard as she could"可知，她是一位对工作尽心尽力的人。综上可知，C项正确。
B
[2023河南郑州一测]French writer Annie Ernaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature in 2022. She is the first French female writer to have won the prize. In the words of the Nobel committee， Ernaux was given the award "for the courage and clinical acuity（敏锐度）" of her writing.
Having spent over 5 decades as a writer， the 83-year-old winner has published more than 20 books to her name，including CleanedOut（1974），Shame（1997），a 2008 memoir（回忆录） called TheYearsandAGirl’sStory（2020）.
Rather than consider herself a writer of fiction， Ernaux has used the term "an ethnologist（社会人类学家） of herself" to describe herself.
Born in 1940 in a rural village in Normandy， France， Ernaux grew up in a working-class environment as her parents ran a combined grocery store and café. She worked as a teacher before becoming a full-time writer.
Two books by other French writers inspired her to be a writer：TheSecondSex by Simone de Beauvoir and Distinction by Pierre Bourdieu. The former led her to write about feminism（女权主义）， and the latter raised her awareness of the huge gap between her and the environment she grew up in. Besides her reading influences， her "upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood"also inspire many of her works， noted the social media. For example， the book Shame explores the theme of childhood trauma（精神创伤） while AGirl’sStory follows a young woman’s coming of age in the 1950s.
Though the matters Ernaux describes in her books are serious and even sometimes heavy， they are always written in plain language. Ernaux described her style as"flat writing"through which she aims to tell her stories objectively. "Her style is unshaped by florid（过多修饰的） description or overwhelming emotions，" noted Fox News.
"She writes about things that no one else writes about， for instance her jealousy（嫉妒）， her experiences as an abandoned lover and so on， I mean， really hard experiences，" Anders Olsson， chairman of the Nobel literature committee， said after the award announcement in Stockholm. He went on to say， "She gives words for these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are short books， but they are really moving."
2022年诺贝尔文学奖颁给了Annie Ernaux，她是第一位赢得这个奖项的法国女作家。
【词语积累】 inspire v. 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感，启发思考
objectively adv.客观地
description n. 描写（文字），形容，说明
1. What can be learned about Annie Ernaux from the passage？
A. She described herself as a science fiction writer.
B. She started with a full-time writer before being a teacher.
C. She is considered to be the first French person to have won the prize.
D. She was awarded for the bravery and observation shown in her writing.
解析 D 细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"In the words...‘for the courage and clinical acuity（敏锐度）’ of her writing"可知，D项正确。
2. What inspired Annie Ernaux to write her works？
A. Her hardships of life.
B. Her teaching career.
C. Her personal experiences.
D. Her working-class background.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第五段中的"Two books by other French writers inspired her to be a writer"和"Besides her reading influences， her ‘upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood’...works"可知，Annie Ernaux写作主要受到两个方面的影响：一是她读过的书，二是她的教养和个人经历，故C项正确。
3. Which words best describe Annie Ernaux’s writing style？
A. Serious and sharp.
B. Plain and objective.
C. Light and humorous.
D. Elegant and descriptive.
解析 B 细节理解题。由文章第六段中的"Ernaux described her style as ‘flat writing’ ...objectively"可知，B项正确。
4. What can be the best title for this passage？
A. A Woman Telling Her Own Stories
B. A Teacher Becoming a Full-time Writer
C. A Female Writer Winning Many Awards
D. A French Female Fighting for Women’s Rights
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Annie Ernaux通过平淡地、客观地、勇敢地在作品中讲述自己的经历从而获得诺贝尔文学奖的事情。故A项（一个讲述她自己故事的女士）最适合做本文的标题。
二、完形填空
[2023江苏四校期中联考]In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday， the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. "Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） on 4 July， 1934， a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899 to 1902， is 1 and will be for 1，500 years."
The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very 2 .
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later， Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances 3 rays， too. Later， Marie and her physicist husband， Pierre Curie， gave it a（n） 4 ， radioactivity.
However， the 5 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder of the risks pioneers in science 7 . It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar 8 that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today， medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective 9 during X-rays.
It is almost 10 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a（n） 11 for better protection for the pioneers， but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example， the space suits astronauts wear 12 them against radiation. However， only 13 will tell if there are some other unknown dangers.
The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are 14 and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only 15 new frontiers， but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings.
本文介绍了著名科学家居里夫人及其他科学先驱为科学领域做出的贡献和牺牲。
1. A. extraordinary B. radioactive
C. protective D. creative
解析 B 由"Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） on 4 July， 1934， a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work"可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，故选B。extraordinary非凡的，radioactive放射性的，protective保护性的，creative有创意的。
2. A. tragic B. inspirational
C. romantic D. meaningful
解析 A 由"Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） on 4 July， 1934， a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work"可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学做出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨（tragic），故选A。inspirational鼓舞人心的， romantic浪漫的，meaningful有意义的。
3. A. blocked B. absorbed
C. reflected D.emitted
解析 D 一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出（emitted）射线，故选D。block阻塞，absorb吸收，reflect反射。
4. A. privilege B.name
C. notice D. identity
解析 B 后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。 privilege特权，name名字，notice注意，identity身份。B项符合语境。
5. A. scientific B. novel
C. sensitive D. harmful
解析 D 由"Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） on 4 July， 1934， a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work"可知，此处指的是有害的（harmful）影响，故选D。scientific科学的，novel新奇的，sensitive敏感的。
6. A. contemporary B. conservative
C. curious D. cautious
解析 A 几十年中，玛丽和她同时代的（contemporary）科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎或完全没有防护措施，故选A。conservative保守的，curious好奇的，cautious谨慎的。
7. A. deliver B. relieve
C. undertake D. generate
解析 C 玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担（undertake）的风险，故选C。deliver交付，relieve缓解，generate产生。
8. A. rewards B. warnings
C. diseases D. titles
解析 C 由空前的"get similar"及空后的"that medical experts asked people to use protection"可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人所患的疾病（diseases）。
9. A. glasses B. gloves
C. shoes D.covers
解析 D 由常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩（covers）。
10. A. odd B. inevitable
C. critical D. intimidating
解析 B 探索科学前沿时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的（inevitable）。
11. A. focus B. evolution
C. demand D. breakthrough
解析 C 先驱们需要更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的，故选C。
12.A. protect B. fight
C. warn D. forbid
解析 A 例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护（protect）他们免受辐射。
13. A. space B.time
C. technology D. history
解析 B 由"However， the 5 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later"可知，只有时间（time）才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。
14.A. unmatched B. uplifting
C. glorious D. concrete
解析 A 由上文中的"It is almost 10 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers"可知，这些先驱对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的（unmatched）。
15. A. extend B. proceed
C. mount D. explore
解析 D 由上文中的"It is almost 10 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers"及空后的"new frontiers"可知，此处指探索（explore）新的前沿领域。
三、语法填空
[中国情怀/2024江苏海安三校联考]Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science 1 Qian Xuesen has. Born in Hangzhou in 1911， Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology， he and his colleagues 2 （found） the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1940s， now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
3 （overcome） many difficulties in the US， Qian eventually returned to China in 1955. He received a 4 （hero） welcome from his homeland. At that time， in poor China， its rocket science was undeveloped： No majors in rocket science. No talents. No experts. Nevertheless， the "No"s didn’t discourage him from taking 5 challenges. His reply to "Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？" was a 6 （determine） "Why not？ We Chinese are able to make the same things 7 other people make".
Under Qian’s leadership， China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also8 （trace） back to Qian’s research， so he earned the name of "the father of China’ aerospace".
Qian was 9 （extreme） knowledgeable， especially in the area of frontier science research. However， what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him 10 （inspire） in his scientific research.
On October 31， 2009， the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death， and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
本文介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及其突出贡献。
1.than 考查连词。由前边的比较级greater可知，此处用连词than。
2.founded 考查动词的时态和语态。由时间状语in the 1940s可知，此处应用一般过去时，而且主语与found之间为主谓关系，故填founded。
3.Having overcome 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词。Qian与overcome之间是主谓关系，且非谓语所表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，所以填Having overcome。
4.hero’s 考查名词所有格。结合句意和后边的名词可知，空格处应填名词所有格hero’s。
5.on 考查介词。take on为固定搭配，意为"接受"。
6.determined 考查形容词。此处应该用形容词determined（坚定的，坚决的）作定语。
7.that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代事物，再结合前边的the same可知，此处用that。
8.be traced 考查语态。much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets与trace之间为动宾关系，再结合前边的can可知，此处填be traced。
9.extremely 考查副词。所填词修饰形容词knowledgeable，作状语，故用副词extremely。
10.inspiration 考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语。所填词表示"灵感"，故应用不可数名词inspiration。Unit 5 Working the Land
一、阅读理解
A
At 6 years old， Kendall Rae Johnson has become not only the youngest certified farmer in Georgia but also the youngest Black farmer in the state.
Kendall began her green thumb（种植技能） journey at the age of 3 while helping her late great-grandmother Laura "Kate" Williams tend to her garden. She was attracted by the process that once-tiny seeds grew into colorful fruits and vegetables ready to be eaten by the family. That might be when it all started.
Kendall started out in a patio（露台） garden. By the time her fourth birthday came， her parents built a garden in their backyard， allowing her to develop her green thumb by planting carrots， potatoes and strawberries. Then they moved， and now she has a farm.
Kendall’s developing vegetable garden led to the start of her farming business called aGROWKulture. And eventually she became a certified farmer in the state. However， her journey to becoming a certified farmer was really a Gordian knot. The lengthy process started with an application， followed by an inspection of a company’s production practices and sales， according to the Georgia Department of Agriculture. There are more than 42，000 farms operating in the state.
Now， Kendall has become a symbol of young farmers. Last week， the city of South Fulton， where she lives， declared Sept. 28 "Kendall Rae Appreciation Day" for her work in her garden. But these achievements aren’t slowing the 6-year-old down. She also wants to teach kids where food actually comes from. She started out with a monthly gardening club， where her family help her plant vegetables， harvest and produce subscription food boxes. She hopes one day soon， more people will join her in gardening and help to support her efforts to change the way kids look at food and food insecurity.
Kendall Rae Johnson在3岁时就喜欢上了种植，现在，6岁的她不仅是佐治亚州最年轻的持证农民，也是该州最年轻的黑人农民。
【词语积累】 certified adj.合格的，持有证书的 green thumb 园艺技能，种植技能 lengthy adj.漫长的，长时间的 inspection n.视察，检查
1. What can we know about Kendall？
A. She planted her first garden at age 4.
B. She was born with a talent for farming.
C. She was curious about plants’ growth.
D. She tried to build a garden similar to Laura’s.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"She was attracted ... be eaten by the family"可知，Kendall被小种子长成五颜六色的水果和蔬菜这一过程所吸引。由此可知，她对植物生长很好奇。
2. Which is closest in meaning to "a Gordian knot" in paragraph 4？
A. A difficult task.
B. A constant effort.
C. A pure entertainment.
D. A personal experience.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由画线部分后的"The lengthy process started with an application...practices and sales"可推知，成为持证农民是一件难事。画线部分的含义应是"难办的事"，A项切题。
3. Why did Kendall start the gardening club？
A. To attract kids to her garden.
B. To share facts about food safety.
C. To help with her farming business.
D. To spread knowledge about farming.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"She also wants to teach kids where food actually comes from... produce subscription food boxes"可知，她还想让孩子们了解食物的真正来源。为此，她成立了园艺俱乐部，每月组织一次活动。由此可知，Kendall创办俱乐部是为了传播农业知识，故选D。
4. What does Kendall’s story tell us？
A. Where there is life， there is hope.
B. Interest is the seed； action is the fruit.
C. A good beginning makes a good ending.
D. The hobby is the first step to acquire knowledge.
解析 B 推理判断题。Kendall 3岁时就对种植产生了兴趣，后来她有了自己的菜园和农场，并发展了自己的农业事业，而且6岁的她还成了佐治亚州最年轻的持证农民。由此可知，Kendall的故事告诉我们，兴趣是种子，行动是果实，故选B。
B
[2023山东济南学情检测]Lam Hon-ming， director of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong， is a top expert in soybean（大豆） research. Since 1998， Lam’s team has been cooperating with scientists in the Chinese mainland. In 2010， he came across Zhang Guohong， an agricultural expert from Gansu， China， at a national soybean conference. With the same major， they hit it off and decided to improve farmers’ lives and promote local agriculture.
Farmers in Gansu depend largely on the weather for their livelihood， mainly on rainfall， which is also a cause of severe poorness in the area. In 2016， they developed three new soybean varieties suited to salty soil and rare rainfall of Northwest China. All received official government approval.
As the land in Northwest China is not suitable for the growth of common varieties of soybeans， local farmers never planted soybeans， and it became a major problem for spreading new soybeans. Lam and Zhang communicated with farmers in various ways. To ensure farmers’ income， Lam struck a partnership with a Hong Kong food company that will purchase all soybeans at market price when they are harvested.
By 2020， the planting area of the three approved soybeans in Gansu had gone beyond 2.4 million square kilometers， covering 46 of the province’s 80-plus counties， and the output had reached 7.71 million kilograms， adding about 30 million yuan to local farmers’ income.
Zhang said that Professor Lam’s contribution has greatly pushed the poorness relief and agricultural research in Northwest China. "It is hard to keep doing agricultural research with less funding. And it is more difficult to travel from Hong Kong to the poor areas to do agricultural research，" he added. In the future， Lam will continue to work with mainland scientists and lead more "Hong Kong power" to the development of the country’s Northwest.
香港中文大学的林汉明和甘肃的农业专家张国宏通过自己的研究成果帮助甘肃农民改善生活，推动甘肃当地农业发展。
【词语积累】 come across偶遇 agricultural adj. 农业的
conference n.（大型、正式的）会议，研讨会
approval n.同意，赞成；批准 varieties of各种各样的
output n.产量，输出
1. What can we know about the two scientists from Paragraph 1？
A. They have been friends since 1998.
B. They both major in agriculture.
C. They once served in the same lab.
D. They met by chance in Hong Kong.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Lam Hon-ming...soybean（大豆）research""In 2010...With the same major， they hit it off and decided to improve farmers’ lives and promote local agriculture"可知，林汉明是大豆研究的顶级专家。2010年，他在一次全国大豆会议上偶遇了来自甘肃的农业专家张国宏，他们两位专业相同，故本题选B。
2. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A. Rainfall is not enough.
B. The locals lived a poor life.
C. Little land is rich in nutrition.
D. The farmers never planted soybeans.
解析 D 代词指代题。由第三段画线词所在句"As the land...spreading new soybeans"可知，由于西北地区的土地不适合种植普通大豆品种，当地农民从不种植大豆，这成为推广新大豆的一大难题。it指代上文的当地农民从不种植大豆这种情况，故选D。
3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？
A. More work needs to be done.
B. All farmers have become better-off.
C. The two scientists are successful.
D. Soybeans grow throughout Gansu.
解析 C 段落大意题。通读第四段的内容可知，本段主要告诉我们两位科学家成功了。
4. Which of the following can best describe Lam Hon-ming？
A. Dependent. B. Honest.
C. Open-minded. D.Devoted.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，林教授的贡献极大地推动了中国西北地区的扶贫和农业研究。尽管资金减少、研究困难，但是林教授将继续与内地科学家合作，带领更多的"香港力量"参与中国西北地区的开发。据此可推知，林汉明具有奉献精神。
C
[2023福建福州质量检测]When Kim Ji-un lived in Seoul， she worried about finding a good job. Now， she is worried that drought may ruin her crop. The 23-year-old and her sister started a farm last year. Her first harvest was a success； she was surprised that her black beans did better than her strawberries.
Ms. Kim is part of a phenomenon called kwichon， or returning to rural life. Coined a millennium ago， the term crops up during periods of economic hardship. This time， in the wake of the pandemic， many new farmers have never lived in the countryside before. By planting young farmers in rural areas， the government hopes to enjoy big rewards in the future.
The plan is working. In 2021 nearly 380， 000 people moved to the countryside. "Comfort with digital technology gives young farmers a leg up，" said Cho Kyung-ik， the director of the Beginning Farmer’s Centre， an institution educating those who wish to kwichon at its downtown offices. They sell fresh produce on Naver， South Korea’s largest search engine.
The centre teaches techniques like how to use a tractor（拖拉机） or select the best crops. It arranges a trial period， during which ambitious farmers work under the guidance of an old hand， learning what it means to do back-breaking labor from dawn to dusk.
The most important lesson is how to get on with the locals. The villagers are also offered tips on how to act towards the newcomers. That part is not yet a total success. Ms. Kim said， "My neighbors have a bad temper. The old people come in here and give me unwanted advice， or say I will never be able to grow anything." Her black beans beg to differ. She and the South Korean government will be hoping that her crops put the argument to rest for good.
本文主要讲述了韩国青年返乡务农的趋势以及该趋势中存在的问题。
【词语积累】 drought n.久旱，旱灾 millennium n.一千年，千年期
crop up意外出现，突然发生
in the wake of随着……而来，作为……的后果
beg to differ恕不同意 put...to rest平息 for good永久，永远
【熟词生义】 plant常见义：n.植物 文中义：v.安插，安放
1. Why does the writer tell Ms. Kim’s story？
A. To start a discussion.
B. To introduce a topic.
C. To explain a solution.
D. To make a comparison.
解析 B 意图推断题。由第二段中的"Ms. Kim is part of a phenomenon called kwichon， or returning to rural life"可知，作者讲述Ms. Kim的故事旨在介绍韩国出现的一种社会现象，即年轻人返乡务农。据此可以推断，讲该故事是为了引出话题，故B项正确。
2. What does the underlined part "a leg up" in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. A new identity. B.A helping hand.
C. A big reward. D. A different idea.
解析 B 词义猜测题。结合语境可知，下文中的"They sell fresh produce on Naver， South Korea’s largest search engine"便是年轻人使用"digital technology"的具体案例，由实际情况可知，电子技术助了年轻人一臂之力，故B项与画线部分的意义最接近。
3. What is the challenge for the young farmers？
A. Farming techniques.
B. Hard work.
C. Communicative skills.
D. Unwanted advice.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第五段中的"The most important lesson is how to get on with the locals...That part is not yet a total success"可知，对于这些新来者来说，最大的挑战在于如何与当地人相处，故C项正确。
4. What can we infer from kwichon in South Korea？
A. Farming makes huge profits.
B. The locals need technical training.
C. It helps to revive rural areas.
D. The government should help farmers.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第二段中的"By planting young farmers in rural areas， the government hopes to enjoy big rewards in the future"以及第三段中的"The plan is working"可知，政府希望通过在农村培养年轻的农民在未来获得巨大的回报。计划也生效了，据此可以推断，年轻人返乡务农有助于振兴乡村，故C项正确。
二、语法填空
[2023广西南宁一模]Farmland is overtaking much of the planet. A new global map 1 （make） from satellite data shows that the fields of corn，rice and other crops 2 （eat） up more than 1 million additional square kilometers of land in the past two decades.
"The rough march of the human footprint is rather3 （violence），"says researcher Matt Hansen. The food needs of a fast-growing population in Africa are driving the expansion. But the study also highlights how Earth’s land is becoming 4 global farm， with wealthier countries outsourcing crop production to poorer 5 （region）. New fields have replaced forests and other natural ecosystems that stored large amounts of carbon，6 （threaten） the efforts to conserve biodiversity and stop climate change.
However， the study does tell some hopeful trends. Over the study period， the total quantity of plants increased by 25％. The study also highlights the need to improve cropland productivity in Africa，7 has the world’s lowest crop output， meaning that more land 8 （need） to grow a given amount of food. "If the world wants to solve climate change，"Hansen says， "from a 9 （pure） self-interested viewpoint， it needs to support Africa 10 solving its land use challenge."
本文主要介绍了农业耕作占用过多土地资源对气候变化造成影响及土地资源利用率低等问题。
1.made 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词为非谓语动词。A new global map与make是逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语动作已完成，所以空处填made。
2.have eaten 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作谓语。结合时间状语in the past two decades可知，时态用现在完成时；从句主语the fields...与eat之间是主动关系，且主语为复数，所以空处填have eaten。
3.violent 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作表语，形容The rough march of the human footprint的性质，故应用形容词，所以空处填violent。
4.a 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且global的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。
5.regions 考查名词的数。此处表示复数概念，所以空处填regions。
6.threatening 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填词应为非谓语动词。此处表示自然而然的结果和主动关系，所以空处填现在分词形式threatening。
7.which 考查定语从句。空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词Africa，从句中缺少主语，所以空处填which。
8.is needed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处所填词作宾语从句的谓语。结合语境可知，时态应用一般现在时；主语more land与need之间是被动关系；主语more land为第三人称单数，所以空处填is needed。
9.purely 考查副词。空处所填词修饰空后的形容词self-interested，应用副词，所以空处填purely。
10.in/by 考查介词。support...in/by doing something意为"在做……方面/通过……支持……"。Unit 2 Looking into the Future
一、阅读理解
A
[科技创新]In Palo Alto， California， Elon Musk presented a prototype（原型） of the humanoid（类人的） robot Optimus， which his company Tesla hopes to produce one day by "millions" to "transform civilization" and build a "future of abundance" where poverty will be gone. The robot， which remains work in progress， waved to the audience and raised its knees.
Tesla is adopting its autonomous car technology to give Optimus abilities such as walking safely or working on the factory floor. "The robot can actually do a lot more than we just showed you，" said Musk. "Tesla is designing Optimus robots to be produced at high rates， pushing the price perhaps lower than $20，000，" Musk added. "This means a future of abundance， a future where there is no poverty and where you can have what you want in terms of products and services. It really is a fundamental transformation of civilization as we know it."
Musk， who once warned of artificial intelligence being a threat to mankind， said that Tesla wants to make sure the transition（过渡） to a society in which robots do the work and people gain the benefits is a safe one. "We always want to be careful we don’t go down the Terminator path，" he cautioned， referring to a famous film about a killer robot and noting that Tesla is building in safeguards including a stop button that can’t be changed without permission.
Musk said Tesla will begin testing Optimus on the factory floor， letting the robots do simple tasks like carrying parts， and that the general public should be able to purchase the robots in three to five years. He also added， "Tesla， as a publicly traded company， will be held accountable by its shareholders if they think it isn’t being socially responsible. It’s very important that I can’t just do what I want. Tesla’s structure is ideal for that."
Elon Musk展示了人形机器人Optimus的原型，他的公司特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产这种机器人，以"改造文明"，建立一个消除贫困的"富足的未来"。
【词语积累】 transform v.使改观，使变形，使转化
autonomous adj.有自主能力的，自主的
fundamental adj.根本的，基本的，基础的；必不可少的，十分重要的
safeguard n.安全设施，保护措施
accountable adj.负有责任的
【熟词生义】 caution 常用义：n.谨慎，小心 文中义：v.告诫，提醒
【长难句解读】 Musk，who once warned of (artificial intelligence being athreat to
Who引导的定语从句，artificial…
mankind)，said that Teslawants to make sure{the transition(过渡) to a society (in which robots
mankind为动名词短语的复合结构，that引导的宾语从句，其中包含一个省略了引导词的宾语从句，
do the work and people gain the benefits)is a safe one}.
该宾语从句中又包含一个“in+关系代词which”引导的定语从句
译文：Musk曾警告说人工智能会对人类构成威胁，他表示，特斯拉希望确保向机器人工作、人类受益的社会的过渡是安全的。
1. What is Optimus expected to do？
A. Play a big role in factory work.
B. Lift the future world out of poverty.
C. Walk and wave greetings like humans.
D. Provide fundamental services people want.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"which his company Tesla hopes to... build a ‘future of abundance’ where poverty will be gone"和第二段中的"This means a future of abundance， a future where there is no poverty and where you can have what you want in terms of products and services"可知，特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产Optimus机器人，以"改造文明"，建立一个"富足的未来"，让贫穷消失。这意味着一个富足的未来，一个没有贫穷的未来，在那里你可以得到你想要的产品和服务。由此可知，Optimus机器人被期待能让未来世界摆脱贫困。综上可知，本题选B。
2. Why is the film mentioned in paragraph 3？
A. To share a story about humanoid robots.
B. To tell the harm of using humanoid robots.
C. To warn of the threat of artificial intelligence.
D. To prove Tesla’s devotion to safe humanoid robots.
解析 D 意图推断题。由第三段中的"a safe one""‘We always want to be careful we don’t go down...noting that Tesla is building in safeguards ... without permission"可知，提及电影《终结者》是为了证明特斯拉会规避电影中机器人害人的隐患，竭力打造安全的人形机器人，故选D。
3. What do Musk’s words in the last paragraph imply？
A. He is in favor of Tesla’s management.
B. Robots will be easily available for all soon.
C. Tesla should be more socially responsible.
D. Optimus is none of Tesla’s shareholders’ concern.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，Musk补充道，如果股东认为特斯拉公司没有负起社会责任，公司要对此作出解释。特斯拉的体系是理想的。由此可知，Musk对特斯拉的管理模式是认同的，故选A。
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. Optimus： A Breakthrough Product by Elon Musk
B. Optimus： A Possibility of Transforming the World
C. Humanoid Robots： A Promise of a Better Future
D. Humanoid Robots： A New Technical Focus of Tesla
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文的主要内容是：Elon Musk展示了人形机器人Optimus的原型，他的公司特斯拉希望有一天能大量生产这种机器人，以"改造文明"，建立一个消除贫困的"富足的未来"。由此可知，B项（Optimus：改变世界的可能性）做本文标题最佳。
B
[科技创新/2024湖北武汉外国语诊断]Cars powered by batteries made from seawater and planes fueled by ammonia（氨） will become common over the next 10 years， Bill David， a professor of materials chemistry has predicted.
Most batteries for electric cars and smartphones are powered by lithium（锂）， which has to be mined， but David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made from sodium（钠）， which can be obtained from seawater and salt. The future of air travel could also be greener thanks to biofuels.
David said， "We are developing an ammonia-based plane. In principle， we can improve on an Airbus A320 or a Boeing 787 and essentially replace jet fuel with ammonia."
David said that batteries could， at first， combine sodium and lithium， as sodium is not quite as powerful as lithium but is much more sufficient. "It’s not quite perfect in terms of performance， so we need both，" David said. "Sodium is on the way up and most electric cars have had a combination of lithium and sodium batteries in them. My estimate is that by 2040 I would not be surprised if there were ten times more sodium batteries than lithium ones， maybe even 100 times."
The first generation of mass-produced sodium batteries has been used for an electric car for the first time. Sodium will not be the final answer to eco-friendly air travel， however， which is why David’s team is looking into the use of ammonia. Some companies are looking into whether jet fuel can be replaced with hydrogen， but David sees ammonia more sustainable. He said， "If you do a sum， then at 500mph you get the same amount of power as jet fuel， but just 40 per cent of the range. However， even though， a Boeing 787 could still go from London to New York."
However， a report from the Royal Society on net-zero aviation， which David co-wrote， says that replacing jet fuel with biofuels would require half of the agricultural land in the UK.
材料化学专家Bill David预测，未来10年由海水制成的钠电池驱动的汽车和以氨为燃料的飞机将变得普遍。由于生物燃料的使用，未来的航空旅行也会更加环保。
1. What is an advantage of sodium batteries？
A. Their performance is easy to improve.
B. Their raw material is easily accessible.
C. They are widely applied to various vehicles.
D. They are more powerful than other batteries.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段中的"David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made from sodium（钠）， which can be obtained from seawater and salt"可知，David认为锂电池将被钠制成的电池取代，钠可以从海水和盐中获得。由此可知，电池的原材料钠可以轻松获得，故选B。
2. According to David， which is ideal for future electric cars？
A. The lithium battery.
B. The sodium battery.
C. Hydrogen fuel.
D. Ammonia fuel.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第四段中的"My estimate is that by 2040...maybe even 100 times"可知，到2040年，如果钠电池的数量是锂电池的10倍，甚至可能是100倍，David不会感到惊讶。由此可知，David认为未来电动汽车的理想选择是钠电池，故选B。
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？
A. Hydrogen casts a light on the jet fuel market.
B. Electric car makers favor sodium batteries.
C. Ammonia features sustainability and practicability.
D. Companies have mass-produced recycled batteries.
解析 C 段落大意题。结合第五段内容，尤其是本段中的"David sees ammonia more sustainable""If you do a sum， then at 500mph...a Boeing 787 could still go from London to New York"可知，该段主要讲述氨的可持续性和实用性特点，故选C。
4. What’s David’s attitude to replacing jet fuel with biofuels？
A. Tolerant. B. Unclear.
C. Cautious. D. Doubtful.
解析 C 态度推断题。由最后一段的内容可知，David参与撰写的一份来自英国皇家学会关于净零排放航空的报告称，用生物燃料取代喷气燃料将需要英国一半的农业用地。由此可推知，David对于用生物燃料取代喷气燃料这一举措持慎重态度，故选C。
二、七选五
[2023江西名校联考]Whenever humans consider the future of AI， they have one big question in mind： will robots take my job？ While it’s true that some jobs will disappear， new ones that involve working specifically with AI will arise. 1 Many jobs will become more rewarding as people perform their work alongside AI， solving problems in new and exciting ways.
AI has already changed almost every industry， but the future of AI promises to revolutionize even more businesses.
Health care： 2 This will make early lifesaving treatment more likely. They might use AI to create new ways to treat illnesses like dementia（痴呆） and cancer. They could use it to predict future illnesses， combining a patient’s health history and genetic data to create a preventative care plan.
Service industry： In the future， robots and machines run by AI could replace customer service representatives and cashiers. 3 Robots are already used at some fast-food restaurants.
Law enforcement：Some day soon， AI facial recognition in security cameras could help police officers catch potential criminals. 4
Transportation： Say goodbye to taxi drivers. In the future， cars will be able to drive themselves （some already do）. 5
Marketing： AI already targets you with customized ads on social media sites， but soon it may even be able to create the ads you see or articles you read.
A. We can also have AI-equipped robot cooks.
B. We may also see automated trains and airplanes.
C. The biggest change may be in what we get from work.
D. With AI， doctors will be able to better diagnose illnesses.
E. AI-run robots are already used as security officers in some businesses.
F. There are already articles that are almost as good as what a human creates.
G. While the future of AI has lots of positives， there are some negatives， too.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能已经或即将被用于哪些领域。
1.C "Many jobs will become more rewarding as people perform their work alongside AI， solving problems in new exciting ways"与C项（The biggest change may be in what we get from work）相吻合。
2.D 由小标题"Health care"可知，第三段主要介绍人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用。D项（有了人工智能，医生将能够更好地诊断疾病）符合本段主旨。
3.A 由小标题"Service industry"可知，第四段主要介绍人工智能在服务行业的应用。A项（我们也可以有配备人工智能的机器人厨师）符合本段主旨，且与下文中的"Robots are already used at some fast-food restaurants"衔接自然。
4.E E项（人工智能运行的机器人已经被用作一些企业的安保人员）与Law enforcement相吻合，且与下文衔接自然。
5.B 由小标题"Transportation"可知，第六段主要介绍人工智能在运输领域的应用。B项（我们还可能看到自动化的火车和飞机）符合本段主旨。
三、完形填空
[2024广东揭阳阶段考]We asked Professor John Williams， a futurologist， for his expert predictions on life in the next few decades. Here’s what he said.
Unfortunately， it looks quite likely that the climate may 1 significantly， with hotter summers， colder winters and more flooding. At the same time， fuel for heating or air conditioning will probably become much more expensive. For these reasons， our houses will certainly have to become much better 2 . People are already building so-called ‘passive houses’， which have little or no central heating at all， 3 the body heat of the people who live there.
Homes probably won’t be as big， and so we will need more adaptable furniture， such as sofa beds， and when we are not 4 our furniture we will be able to fold it away into wall cabinets（壁橱）. Houses could have moveable walls so that the same space can be 5 in different ways.
New technology will make us more self-sufficient（自给自足的）. Kitchens may have fish tanks which， as well as providing fish to eat， also 6 fresh vegetables. The plants will 7 oxygen for the fish. These tanks will be powered by household waste and create 8 ， which can then be used to run the family car — 9 we might not all have cars！
Water will be more expensive and the home of the future will probably be designed to use much 10 water. Washing machines and dishwashers might use sound waves to shake 11 off. We may even take showers using sound waves. What water we do use will be recycled and used again round the house and private swimming pools will become a thing of the 12 .
We will also 13 have more robots in our houses， though they won’t look like the ones in films. There will probably be small robots 14 to clean the fridge or open the curtains. 15 fridges will tell us when food is about to go out of date and even suggest recipes， and we will be able to communicate with our homes by mobile phone wherever we are.
本文主要讲的是John Williams对未来的预测。
1. A. change B. improve
C. respond D. cool
解析 A 由下文中的"with hotter summers， colder winters and more flooding"可知，气候可能会发生改变，故选A。
2. A. advertised B. placed
C. qualified D.equipped
解析 D 由上文中的"fuel for heating or air conditioning will probably become much more expensive"可知，用于供暖或空调的燃料可能会变得更加昂贵，所以房子应该需要装备得更好，故选D。
3. A. dealing with B. relying on
C. focusing on D. giving out
解析 B 由上文中的"have little or no central heating at all"可知，房屋很少或根本没有中央供暖系统，所以就要依靠人自己的体温了，故选B。
4. A. using B. moving
C. cleaning D. selling
解析 A 家具自然是不用的时候才折叠起来，故选A。
5. A. demanded B.arranged
C. measured D. enlarged
解析 B 房屋可以有可移动的墙壁，这样相同的空间就可以以不同的方式布置，故选B。
6.A. produce B. wash
C. store D. cook
解析 A 厨房可能有鱼缸，除了提供鱼吃，也生产（produce）新鲜蔬菜。
7. A. find B. save
C. provide D. test
解析 C 由上文中的"plants"，下文中的"oxygen for the fish"以及常识可知，植物会给鱼提供氧气，故选C。
8. A. space B.energy
C. system D. material
解析 B 用于驱动汽车的自然是能量，故选B。
9. A. as B. if
C. unless D.though
解析 D 此处表示"尽管（though）我们可能不是每个人都有车"，故选D。
10. A. more B. warmer
C. less D. slower
解析 C 由下文可知，未来用水"更少"，故选C。
11. A. dirt B. water
C. leaves D. hair
解析 A 洗衣机和洗碗机可能会使用声波来除掉污垢（dirt）。
12. A. future B.past
C. life D. imagination
解析 B 私人游泳池将成为过去（past）的东西。
13. A. regularly B. suddenly
C. nearly D. certainly
解析 D 当然（certainly），家里也会有更多的机器人，尽管它们看起来不会像电影里的机器人。
14. A. designed B. discovered
C. repaired D. collected
解析 A 可能会有小型机器人被设计（designed）出来清洁冰箱或拉开窗帘。
15. A. Old B. Additional
C. Common D. Clever
解析 D 由"tell us when food is about to go out of date and even suggest recipes"可知，冰箱是智能的，故选D。
