Unit 5 Music
一、阅读理解
A
Pain and sadness are things most of us have experienced， or probably will. After all， they are part of human life and we need them at least one time to become fully adult. But there is no question that the experience can be disastrous.
But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness again. That may sound conflicting. A recent study from Germany found listening to sad music could bring a feeling of empathy（同感） and a desire to connect with others. That， itself， is a psychological recovery. It draws you away from concentrating on your life， and possibly towards helping others in need of comfort.
Another study， from the University of Kent， found that when people were experiencing sadness， listening to music that was "beautiful but sad" could improve their moods. In fact， it did so when people first consciously embraced（欣然接受） their awareness of the situation causing their sadness， and then began listening to sad music. That is， when they believed that sad music might help， they found that it did.
These findings are linked with other studies that show embracing your sad situation — accepting reality as it is — quickens your recovery and growth. In short， acknowledging your negative experience brings you hope — another seeming paradox. For example， research from Cornell University， which was published in PsychologicalScience， found that embracing discomfort about a life experience or new situation and viewing it as a step towards growth and change provided motivation to find a pathway through it.
As Winston Churchill said， "If you’re going through hell， keep going." That discomfort points you towards creating a plan and taking new action. It fuels hope.
本文是说明文。研究发现，听悲伤的音乐可以帮助人们重新感受喜悦和希望，激活同理心和与他人联系的欲望。
【词语积累】 disastrous adj.极糟糕的，灾难性的，完全失败的 pathway n.途径，行动路线 conflicting adj.冲突的，矛盾的 face up to sth.敢于面对，勇于正视（困难或不快之事）
【熟词生义】 fuel 常用义：n.燃料 文中义：v.助长，刺激，增加，加强
【长难句解读】 Another study，from the University of Kent,found
介词短语作定语
that(when people were experiencing sadness),listing to music (that was “beautiful but
that引导的宾语从句，其中包含一个when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句
sad”) could improve their moods.
译文：另一个来自肯特大学的研究发现，伤心时听优美但悲伤的音乐能改善心情。
1. What message is conveyed in paragraph 1？
A. Life is not all roses.
B. Misfortunes never come alone.
C. Every coin has two sides.
D. Enough is better than too much.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段中的"they are part of human life and we need them ...the experience can be disastrous"可知，痛苦和悲伤是人类生活的一部分，我们至少需要经历一次这些来成长，但是毫无疑问，这些经历可能会是毁灭性的。由此可知，痛苦和悲伤既有好的一面，也有不好的一面，故C项切题。
2. What did research find about listening to sad music？
A. It can relieve a broken heart.
B. It is likely to help people feel confident.
C. It reminds people of the sufferings.
D. It keeps people in the state of concentration.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段中的"But research shows ... feel joy and hopefulness again"可知，研究发现度过心痛期的方法有很多，听悲伤的音乐就是其中一个重要的方法，故选A项。
3. Which of the following best explains "paradox" in paragraph 4？
A. Barrier. B.Contradiction.
C. Prediction. D. Tendency.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由画线词前的"embracing your sad situation...acknowledging your negative experience brings you hope"可知，欣然接受现实可以加快你的恢复和成长。简而言之，承认你的负面经历会给你带来希望。再结合画线词前的"another"及第二段中的"That may sound conflicting"可知，画线词的含义与conflicting的同属一个范畴。由此可推断，paradox应表达"自相矛盾（的情况）"的意思，故选B。
4. Why does the author mention Churchill’s word？
A. To show the power of famous sayings.
B. To persuade people to wake up to reality.
C. To explain the necessity of motivation.
D. To encourage people to face up to difficulties.
解析 D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"embracing discomfort about a life experience ... find a pathway through it"可知，欣然接受某种生活经历或新情况带来的不适，并将其视为迈向成长和改变的一步，会为你提供走出不适的动力。最后一段表明：这种不适会让你制订一个计划并采取新的行动。它能激发希望。再结合丘吉尔的话可知，此处提到丘吉尔的话应是为了鼓励人们要接受现实，直面困境，勇往直前。综上可知，本题选D。
B
Playing a rhythm-based（基于韵律的） game using musical instruments for eight weeks helps non-musicians become better at remembering recently seen faces； that is， their short-term memory for non-musical tasks improves.
There have been several studies showing that musicians tend to have better short-term memory than non-musicians when it comes to music-related tasks. It is less clear whether the benefit carries over to non-musical tasks or to non-musicians who are learning to play an instrument， and how the change might actually be seen in the brain.
Theodore Zanto at the University of California， San Francisco thinks the benefit will continue to exist. He and his colleagues randomly arranged for a group of 47 non-musicians to play either a tablet-based musical rhythm training game， which is similar to learning to hit a drum in time with a teacher， or a word search game for eight weeks. At the start and end of the eight weeks， participants took a short-term memory test to measure their ability to remember a face they saw seconds before. Only the group who played the rhythm training game showed an improvement on their initial scores.
Brainwave data recorded before and after the training showed an increase of activity in the right superior parietal lobe（上顶叶）， a brain region associated with encoding visual information and attention. This suggests， says Zanto， that the rhythm training is improving the brain’s ability to focus attention on a task to get it ready for changing what you are doing into memory.
The ability to remember and recognise faces tends to decline as we age， so any possible way to change that is important， says Josh Davis at the University of Greenwich. However， the effect demonstrated in this study should be shown in real-world facial recognition situations as well as in lab-based tests to be completely convincing， says Davis.
本文是说明文。研究发现，演奏乐器可以提高人的短期记忆。
【词语积累】 carry over（使）延伸，（使）继续下去 initial adj.最初的 convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的
1. Why did Theodore Zanto carry out the memory test？
A. To prove previous studies.
B. To make comparisons.
C. To confirm his prediction.
D. To explain a phenomenon.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，有一些研究表明音乐人比其他人在与音乐相关的任务方面有更好的短期记忆，至于这一好处是否会延续到非音乐任务上或学习演奏乐器的非音乐人身上就不太清楚了。第三段提到Theodore Zanto认为这一好处会继续存在，他和他的同事组织47个非音乐人做游戏，并对他们进行了短期记忆测试。由此可推断，Theodore Zanto进行记忆力测试是为了证实他的预测。综上可知，本题选C。
2. What function is the right superior parietal lobe related to？
A. Training attention.
B. Recognising faces.
C. Visualizing memories.
D. Processing information.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第四段中的"the right superior parietal lobe（上顶叶）， a brain region associated with encoding visual information and attention"可知，右侧上顶叶是一个与处理视觉信息和注意力有关的大脑区域，故选D。
3. How does Davis find the study？
A. It has limitations.
B. It’s fully convincing.
C. It lacks systematicness.
D. It’s indeed pioneering.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"However， the effect demonstrated in this study should be shown in...in lab-based tests to be completely convincing"可知，他认为该研究有一定的局限性，还有待完善。综上可知，本题选A。
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. The Great Influence of Rhythm-based Games
B. The Practical Method of Preventing Memory Loss
C. Playing Instruments：a Way to Improve Short-term Memory
D. Rhythm Training：a Necessity for People with a Poor Memory
解析 C 标题归纳题。第一段是本文的主题段，再结合研究内容和结果可知，本文主要讲述的是演奏乐器可以提高人的短期记忆，故C项做文章的标题最佳。
【技巧点拨】 文章标题具有概括性、针对性的特点，要避免以偏概全、扩大范围或偷换概念等错误。做题时首先要快速浏览全文，找到主题段或主旨句。
二、完形填空
Have you seen the home video of a Mexican boy’s emotional reaction to watching his favorite band， Coldplay， perform in Mexico？ It has 1 the hearts of millions.
In the video，Huillo looks extremely 2 at first， fighting back tears. As the words "tears stream down your face" are sung，Huillo’s father begins to cry too， hugging his son and kissing his face. It’s a 3 meeting， made more pleasant and moving by the fact that Huillo has autism（自闭症）.
Huillo’s parents tried various things to support their son with a 4 . However， everything worked in the short term， without any 5 and expected progress， until his gift for music was discovered — he not only loves singing but plays various musical 6 from guitar to piano well.
Huillo’s father posted the video online， which 7 enjoyed widespread popularity and a few weeks later， it was 8 by the band， who then relayed the video and commented： "This kind of thing makes it all 9 ." Six years later， when the British band 10 to Mexico，Huillo was invited to 11 the show and perform with them. He performed his self-composed song， "Different Is Okay"， winning 12 and cheers from both the audience and the musicians themselves.
"Huillo has a great 13 for music and Coldplay is his favorite. For Huillo， music is the most important therapy（疗法）. We can actually see how it affects him — becoming more social and 14 much better with others，" Huillo’s father said. "For us， everything 15 that day at Coldplay’s concert."
本文是记叙文，讲述了一个患有自闭症的男孩通过音乐"重获新生"的故事。
【熟词生义】 1.stream常用义：n.小河，溪 文中义：v.流，流动，流出
2.sweet常用义：adj.甜的 文中义：adj.令人愉快的，惬意的，舒畅的
1. A. touched B. broken
C. opened D. comforted
解析 A 下文中的"made more pleasant and moving"和"enjoyed widespread popularity"表明视频很受欢迎且让人们感动，由此可知，本题选A。
2. A. astonished B. excited
C. awkward D. upset
解析 B 上文提到"emotional reaction"，空后提到"fighting back tears"，那么，Huillo一开始看起来很激动，故本题选B。astonished震惊的；excited激动的；awkward笨拙的，不舒适的；upset不快的，心烦意乱的。
3. A. chance B. public
C. casual D. sweet
解析 D 空后提到"made more pleasant and moving"，那么，空处所填词的含义应与pleasant和moving的含义同属一个范畴，此处表示这是一次令人愉快的会面，故选D。chance偶然的；public公开的；casual临时的，不定期的；sweet令人愉快的，惬意的。
4. A. dream B. smile
C. disability D. panic
解析 C 上文提到Huillo患有自闭症，那么，此处指Huillo的父母尝试了各种各样的方法来帮助他们"身患残疾"的儿子，故选C，disability表示"缺陷，障碍"。
5. A. reasonable B.significant
C. technical D. reliable
解析 B 上文提到Huillo的父母尝试的方法都短期有效，那么，此处指没有任何显著的、预期的进展，故本题选B，significant表示"有重大意义的，显著的"。
6. A. instruments B. tunes
C. games D. toys
解析 A 下文提到"从吉他到钢琴"，那么此处指Huillo会弹奏很多乐器，故选A，instrument表示"乐器，器械"。
7. A. accidentally B. immediately
C. eventually D. naturally
解析 B Huillo的父亲将视频发布在网上后，它立即受到了广泛欢迎。accidentally偶然，immediately立即，eventually最终，naturally自然地。B项符合语境。
8. A. downloaded B. delivered
C. recorded D.noticed
解析 D 下文提到他们转发了视频，那么，此处表示乐队看到了这个视频。download下载；deliver发布，转交；record录制；notice看到，注意到。D项符合语境。
9. A. interesting B. necessary
C. attractive D.worthwhile
解析 D 结合常识可知，当乐队成员了解到自己的作品对Huillo产生了积极的影响时，他们应是觉得自己所做的一切都是值得的（worthwhile）。interesting有趣的，necessary必要的，attractive有吸引力的。
10. A. returned B. moved
C. flew D. circled
解析 A 此处指六年后，Coldplay再次到墨西哥演出，故选A，return表示"回来，返回"。
11. A. make for B. go through
C. participate in D. take over
解析 C 下文提到"perform with them"，由此可知，此处指乐队邀请Huillo参加演出。make for促成；go through仔细琢磨，经历；participate in参加；take over接收，接管。C项符合语境。
12. A. support B.applause
C. respect D. trust
解析 B 下文提到"and cheers"，那么，空处所填词应与cheers感彩相同，此处说的是Huillo获得了掌声和喝彩声。support支持，帮助；applause掌声；respect尊重；trust相信。B项符合语境。
13. A. ambition B. desire
C. affection D. excuse
解析 C 上文提到Huillo喜欢唱歌，也会弹奏很多乐器，由此可知，此处指Huillo很喜欢音乐。ambition追求的目标，志向；desire欲望；affection喜爱，钟爱；excuse借口。C项符合语境。
14. A. performing B.communicating
C. cooperating D. corresponding
解析 B 空前提到"becoming more social"，那么，此处指能与他人更好地交流，故选B，communicate表示"沟通，交流"。
15. A. happened B. remained
C. started D. worked
解析 C 综合全文内容可知，Huillo和父亲去观看了Coldplay的演出，他们的歌曲对患有自闭症的Huillo产生了很大的影响，然后才有了Huillo后面的一系列改变。由此可推断，此处说的是"对我们来说，所有的一切都从那天Coldplay的音乐会开始（started）"。
三、语法填空
[2023江苏南京二模]China National Traditional Orchestra（管弦乐队） launched its youth theater group in Beijing on Sunday. At the opening， centered around "bringing Chinese stories to the world"， the group’s new productions and touring plans for this year 1 （announce）.
In January， the orchestra，QFun Theater and Guangzhou Opera House co-produced a children’s play BenCaoGangMu. From this cooperation， the orchestra and QFun Theater decided to create a youth theater group，2 （aim） to integrate Chinese traditional music with theater and tell Chinese stories 3 the angle of children and teenagers.
The young members of the newly 4 （establish） theater group performed BenCaoGangMu at the event， as well as the poetry recital ASpringMorning and choir singing LookingfortheMoon. "Art can help children open up their curiosity and 5 （imagine）. I hope there will be a place where children’s creativity can be 6 （ true） inspired and exercised. That is 7 we decided to establish this youth theater group，" said Zhao Cong， head of the orchestra.
This year， the theater group plans to launch8 international tour to bring BenCaoGangMu to the world. The group’s new 9 （origin） play TheBookofOdes， combining traditional Chinese music and magic tricks， will also be produced later this year. Now all the members 10 （prepare） hard for their play.
文章主要介绍了在北京成立的中央民族乐团附属少年剧团的宗旨、活动、成立的原因以及巡演计划等。
1.were announced 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境，尤其是上文中的"launched""on Sunday"，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语"the group’s new productions and touring plans"与announce之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语为复数，故填were announced。
2.aiming 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应为非谓语动词。句子主语the orchestra and QFun Theater与aim之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表示伴随状况，所以用现在分词aiming。
3.from 考查介词。from the angle of...表示"从……的角度"，为固定词组，故填from。
4.established 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作定语，修饰theater group。theater group与establish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，再结合句中的newly可知，该剧团已经成立，故填过去分词established。
5.imagination 考查名词。此处并列连词and连接的两个并列名词作宾语，故填imagine的名词形式imagination。
6.truly 考查副词。在where引导的定语从句中，所填词修饰谓语动词，应用副词，故填truly。
7.why 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导表语从句。由上文内容可推知，此处说的是"那就是我们决定建立该少年剧团的原因"，故填why。
8.an 考查冠词。tour为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应填不定冠词；international的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
9.original 考查形容词。所填词作定语修饰play，故填origin的形容词形式original。
10.are preparing 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语Now可知，此处用现在进行时表示现在动作在进行，主语all the members与prepare为主谓关系，故填are preparing。Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
一、阅读理解
A
A new rule has been passed that will protect more than 50 of the world’s shark species， many of which are endangered. The deal was signed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora （CITES）， which manages how people deal in plants and animals. Most of the world’s countries are members of CITES. The deal puts 60 shark species under the protection of CITES.
One of the reasons sharks are endangered is that they are hunted for their fins（鳍）， which are used in shark fin soup. The sharks that are hunted most for their fins include blue and tiger sharks. Thanks to this agreement， around 95％ of sharks that people catch for their fins are now protected. This means that anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must show an official document. These official documents will only be given to people or companies that have proved to scientists that their business doesn’t endanger wildlife or damage the ocean.
Conservationists hope the deal will protect biodiversity in the sea. Sharks are very important for this because they are usually apex animals that hunt， kill and eat other animals. That means they are at the highest point of the "food chain". If sharks were to disappear， it would seriously affect sea life lower down the food chain， as some species’ numbers would increase fast. This could affect the delicate balance of all sea life.
Some biologists have criticised the new rule. They think that making it harder to fish for sharks will make their fins even more expensive， which would encourage illegal fishing. However， Shawn Heinrichs from Only One， a group that campaigns to protect the ocean， called it "the biggest win in the history of ocean species".
本文是说明文，主要围绕一项旨在管理鲨鱼贸易的新协议展开。
【词语积累】 endangered adj.（动植物）濒临灭绝的，濒危的 conservationist n.自然环境保护主义者 biodiversity n.生物多样性
【熟词生义】 campaign 常用义：n.运动，战役 文中义：v.领导运动
1. Why was the new deal made？
A. To control the trade in endangered sharks.
B. To preserve biodiversity in the sea.
C. To ban people from fishing for sharks.
D. To protect endangered plants and animals.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段中的"The deal was signed... which manages how people deal in plants and animals"和第二段中的"Thanks to this agreement... anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must show an official document"可知，这一新协议是用来管理鲨鱼贸易的，故选A。
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "apex" in paragraph 3？
A. Frightening. B. Major.
C. Dangerous. D.Top.
解析 D 词义猜测题。由"That means they are at the highest point of the ‘food chain’"可知，鲨鱼通常都是位于食物链顶端的动物，它们追捕、杀死并吃掉其他动物，因此选D。
3. What can be inferred about the new rule from the last paragraph？
A. It can prevent illegal fishing.
B. It is a debatable deal.
C. It does wonders for ocean species.
D. It is questioned by most biologists.
解析 B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Some biologists have criticised the new rule"以及"However， Shawn Heinrichs from Only One... called it ‘the biggest win in the history of ocean species’"可知，人们对这一新协议的态度并不一样，有些人支持，有些人反对，因此这一新协议是有争议的，故选B。
4. Which can be the best title for this text？
A. Nations Sign Up to Save Sharks
B. New Rules Benefit Life in the Ocean
C. Sharks Are Vital to Ocean Biodiversity
D. CITES Aims to Protect Ocean Species
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文主要围绕一项旨在保护鲨鱼的新协议展开，故选A。
B
[生态环保/2023山东潍坊统考]The Atlantic salmon（鲑） of Scotland are hardy and determined animals. Each spring and summer， they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland’s shallow rivers， leaping up waterfalls and over barriers， pushing themselves upstream in enormous efforts. Some fail， and the others succeed， but today they face another challenge.
During the mid-1980s， there were between eight and ten million salmon swimming around Scotland’s Atlantic coast； that number has now dropped sharply. There’s evidence of rising at-sea death as climate change warms and acidifies the ocean， reducing the availability of the salmon’s prey（猎物）. New research suggests climate change is also bearing down on rivers， which is bad news for salmon. Having adapted to life in cold water， salmon experience slow growth and population changes at high temperatures. Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease.
"Now salmon are struggling to deal with the rising temperatures. There are recent records of 27 ℃ in the upper reaches of the Dee catchment，" says Peter Cairns， director of an environmental charity. In 2018， Scotland recorded the lowest rod catch for salmon since records began. Evidence suggests that the degraded quality of river catchments worsens the impact of our changing climate. "Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland that were once way more forested and therefore shaded，" says Cairns. Yet Scotland is today one of the least wooded countries in Europe， with just 3 percent of its native woodland undamaged. Scientists have found that just 35 percent of rivers in Scotland have enough tree cover for salmon survival.
A movement to get trees back on riverbanks is gathering pace. "Broadleaf trees close to the bank can reduce the light that enters the water，" explains fisheries scientist Anthony Hawkins. A new initiative called Riverwoods — led by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and supported by Scottish Water and several other government and regulatory bodies — aims to create a network of woodlands along Scotland’s riverbanks， and has already received a number of large funds."Money is not the pressing business. River health is complex， but tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away，"says Cairns.
全球变暖给大西洋鲑的生存带来了极大的挑战，为了给大西洋鲑提供更好的生存环境，苏格兰有关部门计划在河岸上植树。
【词语积累】 hardy adj.能吃苦耐劳的，适应力强的；耐寒的 acidify v.（使）变成酸，酸化 bear down on加压力于 wooded adj.树木覆盖的 pressing adj.紧迫的，不容忽视的
1. Why do Atlantic salmon make great journeys back to the rivers？
A. To search for foods.
B. To reproduce.
C. The rivers are relatively cool.
D. The seas are increasingly warm.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Each spring and summer， they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland’s shallow rivers"可知，大西洋鲑每年春夏之际会洄游到苏格兰去产卵，故B项正确。reproduce繁殖，生育。
2. How do the rising temperatures in rivers affect salmon？
A. They make them grow more quickly.
B. They make them more heat-resistant.
C. They make them less active in water.
D. They make them more likely to get diseases.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease"可知，高温影响了大西洋鲑的健康，降低了它们对疾病的抵抗力，据此可推知，它们更容易得病，故D项正确。
3. What is a challenge for salmon when they return to Scotland’s rivers？
A. There is a shortage of food.
B. There are many fishermen.
C. The ecological environment has changed.
D. The river systems are unsuitable for the forest growth.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"‘Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland...one of the least wooded countries in Europe"可知，大西洋鲑已经适应了苏格兰森林茂密的生态环境，然而现在的苏格兰却成了欧洲树木覆盖最少的国家之一，这对大西洋鲑来说是一个挑战，故C项正确。
4. What does Cairns really intend to tell us in the last paragraph？
A. It is urgent to plant riverbank trees.
B. It is too hard to restore the river health.
C. There is enough money for the project.
D. There are too many vital things to deal with.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段中Cairns所说的话中的"tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away"可知，Cairns认为种树是可以立刻开始着手做的事情之一，据此可以推断，Cairns认为当务之急是种植河岸树木，故A项正确。
二、完形填空
[2023广东深圳一调]Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） for fun in 2020. But after realizing monarch butterflies were an endangered species， their 1 soon turned into a serious mission.
They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had 2 since the early 1990s， due to habitat 3 and widespread use of chemicals， which made milkweeds monarch butterflies 4 for their main diet dangerous to eat.
So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden 5 for the butterflies. The garden grew organic milkweeds that 6 and kept the butterflies. To help 7 the locals to sustain the monarch butterfly’s population， they created an exhibition about monarch butterflies in the local library. They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but it 8 a lot. To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the Farmers Market to sell their 9 milkweeds for people to plant. Although the fundraising days were 10 ， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people’s support.
The team has won the Silver Award for their 11 of taking care of these butterflies， but they are not 12 with their work. "Our next step is to cut down on the use of 13 to guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies，" said Natalie. In the award ceremony， their teacher Brian 14 ， "I am so proud of them for their constant 15 ."
13岁的Natalie和Callie之前把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一个业余爱好，但是当了解到黑脉金斑蝶是濒危物种后，她们便开始采取措施保护黑脉金斑蝶。
1. A. dream B. hobby
C. career D. decision
解析 B 由上文中的"started raising monarch butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） for fun"可知，Natalie和Callie把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一种业余爱好（hobby）。
2. A. doubled B. aged
C. declined D. exploded
解析 C 由上文中的"monarch butterflies were an endangered species"可知，黑脉金斑蝶的数量下降（declined）了。
3.A.management B. assessment
C. selection D.destruction
解析 D 由语境可知，此处说的是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因。由空后的"widespread use of chemicals"和常识可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因之一是栖息地遭到了破坏（destruction）。management经营，管理；assessment评估，评定；selection选择，挑选，选拔。
4. A. relied on B. kept off
C.broke downD. gave away
解析 A 黑脉金斑蝶主要依赖（relied on）马利筋草而生。keep off与……保持距离；break down分解，出故障，失败；give away赠送，泄露。
5. A. partly B. secretly
C. rarely D.specially
解析 D 两个女孩联合一个国家级非营利性团体专门（specially）为黑脉金斑蝶在当地种出了一个花园。
6. A. attracted B. protected
C. monitored D. trapped
解析 A 上文中讲到了马利筋草是黑脉金斑蝶的主要食物，那么，有机的马利筋草可以吸引（attracted）黑脉金斑蝶。
7. A. employ B. educate
C. force D. limit
解析 B 由语境和常识可知，她们在当地图书馆举办展览是为了教导（educate）当地人维持黑脉金斑蝶的数量。employ雇用，使用，运用；force强迫；limit限制。
8. A. meant B. cost
C. changed D. hurt
解析 B 由下文中的"To cover the expense"和"the fundraising"可知，在镇里搭建教育标牌花费（cost）很大。
9. A. dry B. medical
C. healthy D. wild
解析 C healthy（健康的）符合语境。
10. A. pleasing B. light
C. long D. disappointing
解析 C 由Although和下文中的"they finally succeeded in earning enough money"可以推知，筹款活动花费的时间有点儿长（long）。
11. A. project B. concept
C. schedule D. assignment
解析 A 此处指的是她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的项目（project）。concept概念，观念；schedule工作计划，日程安排；assignment（分派的）工作，任务。
12. A. concerned B. connected
C. finished D. occupied
解析 C 由下文中的"Our next step is to cut down on the use"可知，她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的行动并没有结束（finished）。concerned担心的，忧虑的；connected有关联的；occupied忙于……的。
13. A. chemicals B. time
C. funds D. energy
解析 A 由上文中的"widespread use of chemicals"和下文中的"guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies"可知，她们的下一步是要减少化学品（chemicals）的使用。
14. A. quoted B. continued
C. replied D.commented
解析 D 由"I am so proud of them for their constant 15 "可知，引号中的内容是老师的评论，故选D。
15. A. donations B. support
C. patience D.efforts
解析 D 由全文内容可知，Natalie和Callie一直在为保护黑脉金斑蝶努力，老师也为此感到骄傲，故选D。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]The mountain bongo antelope（山地紫羚）， one of the most endangered animals， is likely to continue wandering in the wild for longer. 1 （follow） 18 years of conservation efforts， staff members from the Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy reached a milestone this year — the first baby mountain bongo was born in the wild.
Unique 2 equatorial forests， the mountain bongo is the largest and most colorful of the forest antelopes in Africa. This species 3 （see） a dramatic decline in numbers in the last few decades from 4 estimated population of 25，000 to less than 100. Its population decline was 5 （main） human-driven. Now the conservancy is making efforts in partnership with the Kenyan government to help the mountain bongo through one 6 （innovate） breeding（饲养） and rewilding program.
"Due to the massive decline， we 7 （leave） with less than 100 of the species in the wild. The mountain bongo is only found in Kenya and its decline in this area therefore means its decline in the world. That explains 8 taking immediate action here is so urgent，" Robert Aruho from the conservancy said. He added that 9 （enable） the animals to adapt to life in the wild， they have taken a series of measures. With the first phase of the 10 （adapt） being complete， the conservancy has moved to the second phase which involves introducing the antelopes to the wild.
本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了肯尼亚山野生动物保护协会在拯救濒危动物山地紫羚方面所付出的努力。
【词语积累】 conservation n.保护 equatorial adj.赤道的，赤道附近的 human-driven adj.受人类影响的，由人类造成的 in partnership with 与……合作 massive adj.巨大的
1.Following 考查非谓语动词。follow与句子主语staff members之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且谓语动作是随非谓语动作而来的结果，故填现在分词Following。
2.to 考查介词。unique to...表示"……特有的"，为固定搭配，故填介词to。
3.has seen 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语in the last few decades可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语This species是单数，且与谓语动词之间为主谓关系，故填has seen。
4.an 考查冠词。所填词表示数字"1"，且estimated的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
5.mainly 考查副词。空处所填词修饰形容词human-driven，应用副词，故填mainly。
6.innovative 考查形容词。结合空前的one和空后的名词性短语可知，空处应用形容词来作定语。innovative表示"引进新思想的，采用新方法的，创新的"。
7.are left 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；leave和主语we之间是被动关系，故填are left。
8.why 考查宾语从句。空处所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
9.to enable 考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式表示目的和主动关系，故填to enable。
10.adaptation 考查名词。由空前的of the可知，空处应用名词作宾语。不可数名词adaptation在此表示"适应"。Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
一、阅读理解
A
[中华文化/2023贵州适应性测试]Dunhuang， an oasis of culture surrounded by the vast sands of the Gobi Desert， served as a shelter for ancient weary Silk Road travelers 1，000 years ago. Carved into the cliffs high above the Dachuan River， the Mogao Grottoes in Gansu Province consist of the largest， richest and longest used treasure houses of traditional art in the world， inspiring young artists to this very day.
Inside the grottoes， murals（壁画） painted with minerals have stood the test of time， still shining brightly and brilliantly. To carry forward this painting technique， Lian Yang， an artist in her 30s， decided to make the traditional art increasingly known among younger generations. She once worked only on ink and digital painting， but soon felt creatively stuck. Then she learned about mineral color painting and made it the focus of her career.
The traditional Chinese painting technique was commonly used before the Tang Dynasty. However， the skill gradually faded from the central Chinese artistic landscape after the Song Dynasty when literati（文人学士） ink painting boomed（迅速发展）.
"I want to pour more of my own ideas into creations and find an artistic expression that cannot be easily replaced with modern technologies， although the costs of handmade art are higher and it requires more time than digital creation，" Lian Yang said.
As a modern artist， Lian Yang does not limit herself by strictly following tradition. She has cooperated with the operator of mobile game King of Glory， creating works in Dunhuang fresco style. She also frequently posts short videos covering the creative process of mineral color artworks across different Chinese social media， attracting many young people.
Lian Yang hopes mineral art can be integrated into movies， online games and even the metaverse， an integrated network of 3D virtual worlds.
莲羊为了让传统艺术越来越多地为年轻一代所知，坚持不懈地发扬岩彩这种传统绘画形式。
【词语积累】 fade v.逐渐消逝，逐渐消失 replace v.代替，（用……）替换 cooperate v.合作 integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体；（使）加入
1. What can we learn about the Mogao Grottoes？
A. They were carved under the Dachuan River.
B. They serve as a shelter for travelers.
C. They give young artists ideas for creation.
D. They’re viewed as the treasure house of modern art.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"the Mogao Grottoes...inspiring young artists to this very day"可知，莫高窟为年轻艺术家提供创作灵感，故选C项。
2. Why did Lian Yang initially focus on mineral color painting？
A. To spread culture.
B. To make a breakthrough.
C. To attract the media.
D. To conduct research.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第二段中的"She once worked only...the focus of her career"可知，莲羊是在创作进入瓶颈的情况下转向岩彩的，那么莲羊此举是为了能有所突破，故选B项。
3. Which word can best describe Lian Yang？
A. Grateful. B. Honest.
C. Innocent. D. Determined.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第四段中的"I want to pour more of my own ideas into creations...it requires more time than digital creation"可知，她想把更多自己的想法融入到创作中，找到一种现代技术无法轻易取代的艺术表达方式，尽管手工艺术的成本更高，而且比数字创作需要更多的时间。由此可推知，莲羊是一个意志坚定的人，故选D项。
4. What is the text mainly about？
A. Promoting traditional art.
B. Traveling in Dunhuang.
C. Teaching color painting.
D. Making short videos.
解析 A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍莲羊为了让传统艺术越来越多地为年轻一代所知，坚持不懈地发扬岩彩这种传统绘画形式，故选A项。
B
[中华文化/2024安徽六校入学素质测试]What’s the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of wheat straw？ Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer’s field. However， Wu Cui， an intangible cultural inheritor， can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat into beautiful and eye-catching functional artworks.
The earliest straw-woven（草编的） products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins， a Neolithic cultural site located in Zhejiang Province. The Book of Rites， one of the classical works of Confucianism， also records that there were already mats made of cattail grass and professional straw-weaving craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty.
Straw weaving is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
Wu explains the process of straw weaving： Selection of materials is the first step of a complicated， time-consuming and labor-intensive process that can take weeks or even months to complete. You need to sketch the piece on paper， which requires drawing skills. Next comes the weaving， shaping and preserving of the work. Even by following that process， it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work， and the hardest part is to make it lifelike.
In the past， straw-woven items could be found almost in every household in the countryside， such as straw hats and straw shoes， because they were practical in everyday life. But due to the impact of industrialization， manufactured goods have replaced such products， which yield low profits， and there are only about 100 individuals engaging in the work across the country. "The world has changed， and craftsmen need to transcend practicality（实用性） and pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive，" Wu says.
From her perspective， straw weaving should respond to people’s needs and preferences， while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture. "Craftspeople should make a great effort to grasp the trends and opportunities of the times to create new and relevant products，" she says. When asked about her plans， Wu says she wants to dig deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by developing the straw-weaving technique.
随着工业化的发展，用麦秸秆做的草编产品渐渐淡出人们的生活。2008年草编工艺申遗成功。非遗传承人吴翠呼吁草编手艺人要不断创新。
【词语积累】 pop into one’s mind突然出现在脑海中 intangible adj.无形的 inheritor n.继承人 craftsman n.工匠，手艺人 manufacture vt.生产，制造 heritage n.遗产 complicated adj.复杂的，难懂的 individual n.个人 engage in参加，从事 perspective n.观点，态度
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about straw-woven products？
A. Their major uses.
B. Their cultural value.
C. Their historical origins.
D. Their manufacturing process.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"The earliest straw-woven（草编的） products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins"可知，最早的草编产品是在河姆渡文化遗迹发现的；再由第二段的"also records that there were...craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty"可知，早在周朝时就已经有香蒲垫和专业的草编手艺人了。综上可知，本题选C项。
2. Which is the toughest part for straw-weaving craftsmen according to Wu Cui？
A. Making the artworks vivid.
B. Drawing sketches on paper.
C. Selecting suitable materials.
D. Preserving finished products.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第四段的"the hardest part is to make it lifelike"可知，最难的部分是让作品栩栩如生，故选A项。
3. What does the underlined word "transcend" in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A. Rely on. B. Go beyond.
C. Cast away. D. Turn to.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由画线词后的"pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive"可推知，草编手艺人要"超越"实用性，追求艺术与美感，故选B项。
4. What can we learn from Wu Cui’s opinion in the last paragraph？
A. Straw-woven products are out of favor with customers.
B. Pursuing fashion should be the first priority for craftspeople.
C. Local people benefit a lot from the straw-weaving technique.
D. Craftsmen should innovate based on traditional culture.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段的"drawing inspiration from traditional culture"和"Craftspeople should...create new and relevant products"可推知，手艺人应该在传统文化的基础上有所创新，故选D项。
二、七选五
[2023山东济南期末检测]What is heritage？ The word can be difficult to define. Heritage is always something that is passed down by families or other groups for many years. 1 It can also be the customs， traditions， and values shared by groups of people. One way to think about heritage is to break it down into three groups. These are the tangible（有形的） cultural heritage， the natural heritage， and the intangible cultural heritage.
2 They can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value. Some examples are national monuments and works of art. Many ancient sites are also part of this group. On a smaller scale， a family home can be part of an individual’s heritage.
Many parts of the natural world are also important to heritage. They can include bodies of water， plant life， landforms and more. One example is the Nile River. 3 Efforts to protect natural heritage are key in many cultures.
The intangible group includes any part of cultural heritage that you can’t feel through touch. Maybe you’ve read about forms of dance， like flamenco. You might know about the music of mariachi bands. These are all examples of intangible cultural heritage. 4
Exploring your own heritage can be fun. It can help you learn about yourself， your family， and your ancestors. But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others. 5 It can also lead you to find things you may have in common with others！
A. They are treasures that can be touched.
B. What tangible items can be part of heritage？
C. However， heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects.
D. Languages， holidays and customs also make the list.
E. Therefore， it’s difficult to protect them from fading away.
F. Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures.
G. It has been part of heritage in many African nations for centuries.
本文主要介绍了遗产的三种类型，包括物质文化遗产、自然遗产和非物质文化遗产。
1.C C项中的concrete objects与空前句子中的something that is passed down by families or other groups对应，且"It can also be the customs...of people"是对C项的进一步说明。
2.B 第二段主要说明物质文化遗产包含的事物有哪些，B项与此相符，可充当段落主题句。
3.G G项中的in many African nations与空前句子中的the Nile River相吻合。
4.D 语言、节日和风俗习惯都属于非物质文化遗产。这与第四段的内容吻合，故D项正确。
5.F "It can also lead ... common with others！"与F项并列，二者说的都是了解他人遗产的好处。
三、完形填空
[2024山东日照校际联考]Ukrainian artist Olesya Galushcenko is an engineer who got into porcelain（瓷） flower making for a personal challenge. Seven years ago， she decided to 1 a project that involved using her 2 ， and a decorative flower bouquet（花束） caught her eye. Soon she started paying attention to cold porcelain. But she refused to 3 classes and decided to learn the 4 by herself.
While 5 with porcelain， Olesya realized that in order to 6 almost perfect flower reproductions， every little part of the 7 she was copying needed to be perfect. So she 8 taking every flower apart and making moulds（模具） of every element.
After making the moulds， the 9 artist created the frame of the bouquet from wire covered in tape. Everything was then 10 coated in porcelain. The porcelain masterpieces needed about a day to 11 .
Provided that the artist 12 from early morning until late at night， she can create one 13 in a day. Olesya Galushcenko’s creations are not exactly 14 but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works.
Each porcelain flower that comes out of Olesya Galushcenko’s hands is one of a kind， and， if properly cared for， can 15 forever. She recommends keeping them out of direct sunlight and excessive moisture， and carefully wiping them with a damp cloth.
Olesya是一名工程师，她自学了制作瓷花，其作品很受欢迎。
1. A. put aside B. put off
C. take on D. take down
解析 C 此处是说她决定做一个项目，故选C。put aside忽视，不理睬，把……放一边；put off推迟，延迟；take on决定做，同意负责，承担；take down 写下，记录。
2. A. eyes B. hands
C. strength D. courage
解析 B 由语境可知，Olesya参与的是手工艺品制作项目，故选B。
3. A. set up B. give up
C. account for D. pay for
解析 D 由下文的"decided to learn the 4 by herself"可推测，Olesya想自学技艺， 因此她拒绝花钱上课。set up建起，创建；give up放弃；account for解释，说明；pay for为……付费。D项符合语境。
4. A. skill B. service
C. origin D. shape
解析 A 参见上题解析。skill技巧，技艺。
5. A. matching B. playing
C. experimenting D. battling
解析 C 此处表示"当她用瓷进行尝试时"， 故选C。
6. A. observe B. achieve
C. restore D. maintain
解析 B 此处说的是想获得几乎完美的瓷花， 故选B。observe看到，注意到，观察到；achieve实现，（尤指经过努力）取得，获得；restore恢复；maintain维持，保持。
7. A. flowers B. molds
C. tools D. leaves
解析 A 由上文的"Olesya realized that in order to 6 almost perfect flower reproductions"可知，本题选A。
8. A. admitted B. avoided
C. delayed D. started
解析 D 于是她开始（started）把每朵花拆开，每一部分都做出模具，故选D。admit承认；avoid避免；delay延迟，延期。
9. A. proud B. optimistic
C. talented D. anxious
解析 C 由语境可知，Olesya是个有天赋的艺术家，故选C。proud自豪的；optimistic乐观的，乐观主义的；talented有天资的，有才能的；anxious焦虑的，不安的，担心的。
10. A. roughly B. carefully
C. temporarily D. hurriedly
解析 B 由常识可知，往每样东西上涂瓷的动作应该是小心翼翼地进行的， 故选B。roughly粗略地，大致上；carefully小心地，仔细地；temporarily暂时地，临时地；hurriedly匆忙地。
11. A. dry B. copy
C. display D. sell
解析 A 此处是说制作完成后，瓷花需要约一天的时间变干， 故选A。
12. A. draws B. comes
C. carves D. works
解析 D 此处是说这位艺术家从清早工作到深夜，故选D。
13. A. animal B. cup
C. rose D. toy
解析 C Olesya制作的是瓷花，故选C。
14. A. cheap B. priceless
C. disappointing D. exciting
解析 A 由下文的"but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works"可知，Olesya的作品不便宜， 故选A。priceless极其贵重的，无价的；disappointing令人失望的，令人沮丧的；exciting令人兴奋的。
15. A. shine B. grow
C. fruit D. last
解析 D 由语境和常识可推断，瓷花如果爱护得当， 可永久保存， 故选D。last在此作动词，意为"继续存在，持续起作用"。Unit 3 The Internet
一、阅读理解
A
[2023山东联考]A study from the University of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts， published in FrontiersinMedicine， found that regular virtual visits to museums could help seniors stay mentally active and come with a host of additional health benefits. That’s because these digital connections can make retirees feel less lonely and isolated.
Social isolation has been associated with the risks for heart disease and the decline of recognition abilities in seniors， according to a press release from the university.
The researchers investigated the potential benefits of weekly virtual visits for a three-month period. The participants were people aged 65 and older who lived in Montreal. Half of the participants took part in online visits and a discussion afterwards， while the control group did not participate in any cultural events at all. The group who participated in the virtual visits showed improvements in their quality of life. "Our study showed that art-based activity may be an effective intervention，" lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet， a professor at the University of Montreal， said in the press release. "On a global scale， this participatory art-based activity could become a model that could be offered in museums and arts institutions worldwide to promote active and healthy aging."
The initiative reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization （WHO） to manage certain diseases， according to Beauchet. For instance， the WHO launched the Aging and Health Program in 2015 that included using community-based organizations to promote culture as a key component of improving health. Traditionally， these sorts of preventive health activities have taken place in schools， community centers， and workplaces. "While these are suitable locations that reach a great number of people， there are additional organizations and sectors that could become partners in public health research and practice development，" Beauchet said. "Museums are among such potential partners. They are aware of the needs of their communities and are consequently expanding the types of activities they offer."
研究表明，经常在网上参观博物馆能够帮助老年人保持精神上的活跃，并能为老年人带来其他有利于健康的好处。
【词语积累】 virtual adj.模拟的，虚拟的 be associated with...与……有关 be aware of...意识到……，知道……
1. How do seniors benefit from regular virtual visits to museums？
A. They get survival skills.
B. They develop interest inart.
C. They improve their quality of life.
D. They connect more with family.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"The group...showed improvements in their quality of life"可知，C选项正确。
2. What can be inferred from Beauchet’s words in Paragraph 3？
A. The participants come from the whole world.
B. Museums need better cultural events.
C. Face-to-face discussion is a useful intervention.
D. Seniors should attend more art-based activities.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段中的"‘Our study showed that art-based activity may be an effective intervention，’ lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet..."可知，Beauchet认为他们的研究表明基于艺术的活动可能是一种有效的干预，由此可推知老年人应该多参加一些这样的活动，故D选项正确。
3. What is the purpose of the last paragraph？
A. To advocate. B. To entertain.
C. To advertise. D. To warn.
解析 A 意图推断题。由最后一段内容，尤其是"The initiative reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization（WHO） to manage certain diseases""Museums are among such potential partners...are consequently expanding the types of activities they offer"可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是提倡老年人经常在网上参观博物馆，故本题选A项。
4. Which may be a suitable title for the text？
A. The Aged Form a Community to Reduce Loneliness
B. Virtual Art-based Activities Bring People Together
C. Online Museum Trips Improve Seniors’ Well-being
D. Retired Individuals Pay More Visits to Museums
解析 C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了一个新的研究发现——经常在网上参观博物馆能够帮助老年人保持精神上的活跃，并能为老年人带来其他有利于健康的好处，故C选项正确。
B
[2024山东日照校际联考]A well-known social media platform once made headlines for limiting likes in an effort to reduce the comparisons and hurt feelings resulting from attaching popularity to sharing content. "This is a small step in the right direction，" says Jacqueline Sperling， a psychologist who works with the youth that experience anxiety disorders.
Social media has a reinforcing nature. The platforms are designed to be addictive and are related to anxiety， depression， and even physical illnesses. But what makes users come back for more even when it can literally make them feel sick？
"The unknown outcome and the possibility of a desired outcome can keep users engaged with the sites，" Sperling says. "When the outcome is unpredictable， the behavior is more likely to repeat." To boost self-esteem and feel a sense of belonging in their social circles， people post content with the hope of receiving positive feedback. FOMO — fear of missing out — also plays a role. Teenagers hope to keep track of friends’ activities. Missing experiences can create anxiety and depression.
The earlier teens start using social media， the greater impact the platforms have on mental health. This is especially true for females. While teen males tend to express aggression physically， females do so by excluding others and sharing hurtful comments. Social media increases the opportunity for such harmful interactions.
In addition， social media puts a distorted （扭曲的） lens on appearances and reality. When there’s a filter applied to the digital world， it can be hard for teens to tell what’s real and what isn’t， which comes at a tough time for them physically and emotionally.
We can benefit from social platforms to some extent， as they allow people to stay in touch with family and friends around the world. Still， the platforms have opened a "Pandora’s box" as they continue to evolve more quickly than we can research their impact.
In addition to limiting likes， Sperling suggests social platforms consider decreasing mass sharing. Regardless of how likely social media giants are to change their ways， though， individuals can take control of their own behavior.
本文以某社交媒体平台限制点赞开篇，分析了青少年频繁使用社交媒体的原因，呈现了社交媒体的一些不良影响。
【词语积累】 comparison n.比较 boost v.增强（信心、士气），促进 keep track of...了解……的动态，与……保持联系 aggression n.攻击性，好斗情绪
1. Why did the famous social media platform mentioned in paragraph 1 limit likes？
A. To share more content.
B. To increase its popularity.
C. To ensure teens’ well-being.
D. To reduce teens’ online time.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段的"in an effort to reduce the comparisons and hurt feelings"可知，限制点赞的目的在于减少攀比，减少感情上受到的伤害。第二段指出社交媒体与焦虑、抑郁，甚至身体疾病相关；同时文章的谈论对象为青少年。因此，此举有助于青少年健康地使用社交媒体以确保其身心健康，故选C。
2. Which of the following does Sperling agree with？
A. Social media’s distorted lens helps teens understand the real world.
B. Social media’s unpredictable outcome attracts frequent visits.
C. Social media is helpful to teens with anxiety and depression.
D. Social media has a greater impact on female teens than on male teens.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段中Sperling说的话"When the outcome is unpredictable， the behavior is more likely to repeat"可知，当结果不可预测时，行为越有可能重复，即频繁使用社交媒体，故选B。
3. What does "Pandora’s box" in paragraph 6 imply？
A. Social media can be double-edged.
B. People benefit from social platforms.
C. People get boxes of gifts from social platforms.
D. Social media opens a door for people to see the world.
解析 A 词义理解题。由第五段中的"it can be hard for teens...physically and emotionally"可知，社交媒体有弊端；由第六段中的"We can benefit from social platforms...around the world"可知，在某种程度上人们可以从社交平台中受益。由此可知，此处的"潘多拉魔盒"暗示社交媒体既有利也有弊，是把双刃剑，故选A。
4. What will the author most probably talk about next？
A. Advice on users’ controlling mass sharing.
B. Reasons for teens’ posting addictions.
C. Negative effects of harmful interactions.
D. Ways of social media giants’ management.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Regardless of how likely...individuals can take control of their own behavior"可知，不管社交媒体大公司作出改变的可能性有多大，个人也可以控制自己的行为。由此可推出，接下来作者有可能会谈论关于个人如何减少大量分享的建议，故选A。
二、完形填空
[2023重庆二测]With over 125，000 followers， 34-year-old Oliver James is a star in the BookTok community. And it all started with a simple 1 ： Learn to read.
For most kids， school is a place where they can develop a relationship with learning in a 2 environment. For James， the opposite. 3 with learning and behavior disabilities made him in 4 education. "The special education system at the time was a lot more 5 on behavior than educating，" he said.
Reading 6 carried over into James’ adulthood and significantly 7 his employment opportunities and affected his self-esteem（自尊心）. However， when he and his wife decided to 8 their family to three， James became determined to change things.
Starting his journey with a book of inspirational quotes gifted by his wife， James began reading bits out loud and 9 them to TikTok. Being a motivational speaker， he would often combine his interests with his heartfelt honesty and personality. 10 will often send James more books to read in hopes for his book reviews.
But perhaps the biggest 11 has been the way reading has 12 James’ relationship with his son. In an interview， he shared that they’ve not only 13 over books but reading has proven to be a great 14 for mental health， which has helped James become a better parent. James’ new goal is to read 100 new titles by 2024 — 15 for any bookworm in this day and age.
Oliver James是一个有学习和行为障碍的人。阅读障碍一直伴随着他，并极大地影响了他的就业和生活。等他和妻子决定生孩子时，他决定改变。James开始阅读并在社交媒体上打卡，这也激励了粉丝们。粉丝们经常给他寄书读，盼望着聆听他的书评。阅读也增进了他和儿子的关系。
1. A. title B.goal
C. name D. campaign
解析 B "Learn to read"应是James自己的目标（goal）。另外，最后一段中的"James’ new goal"也是提示。
2. A. safe B. dangerous
C. crowded D. noisy
解析 A 由常识可知，学校是一个进行学习的安全（safe）之地。
3. A. Putting up B. Going up
C. Clearing up D. Growing up
解析 D 在成长（Growing up）的过程中，学习和行为障碍一直伴随着James。put up张贴，建造；go up（建筑物、墙等）被建造，上涨；clear up放晴，整理，清理。
4. A. logical B. mental
C. special D. common
解析 C 此题可通过词语复现解答。结合下文中的"The special education system at the time"可知，本题选C。
5. A. depended B. turned
C. brought D.focused
解析 D 当时的特殊教育系统更多地关注行为，故选D项。
6. A. struggles B. proposals
C. conflicts D. regrets
解析 A 分析语境可知，空处所填词与上文中的"learning and behavior disabilities"对应，故选A。
7. A. developed B. increased
C. reduced D. damaged
解析 C 结合常识和下文中的"affected his self-esteem（自尊心）"可知，阅读障碍极大地减少（reduced）了他的就业机会。
8. A. leave B. occupy
C. expand D. forgive
解析 C 文章从James小时候写起，写到了他成年，此处讲到了他结婚后的情况，他和妻子决定从二人世界发展成为三口之家。expand表示"扩大，增加"，符合语境。
9. A. commenting B.posting
C. writing D. connecting
解析 B 由上文的"a star in the BookTok community"可知，此处说的是James开始大声阅读并把视频发到（posting）TikTok上。
10. A. Fans B. Librarians
C. Speakers D. Booksellers
解析 A 由上文的"began reading bits out loud and posting them to TikTok"和下文中的"in hopes for his book reviews"可知，James的粉丝（Fans）经常寄书给他并希望听到他的书评。
11. A. weakness B. outcome
C. threat D.impact
解析 D 由语境和下文的"has helped James become a better parent"可知，此处指读书给James带来的影响（impact）。weakness虚弱，软弱，缺点，不足；outcome结果，效果；threat威胁，恐吓。
12. A. ruined B. shaped
C. ended D. saved
解析 B 由语境和下文的"has helped James become a better parent"可知，读书影响（shaped）了James和儿子之间的关系。
13. A. collapsed B. bonded
C. quarreled D. argued
解析 B 由语境和常识可知，此处在说阅读的积极影响，James和其儿子之间通过图书建立了密切的关系。bond表示"建立亲近关系，建立（与某人的）互信关系"，符合语境。
14. A. resource B. barrier
C. preference D. loan
解析 A 事实证明阅读是心理健康的一大资源（resource）。barrier障碍，障碍物；preference偏爱，爱好，喜爱；loan贷款，借款。
15. A. unrealistic B. greedy
C. ambitious D. influential
解析 C 结合常识和上文中的"to read 100 new titles by 2024"可知，在如今的时代，对任何一个书虫来说，这都是一个宏大的（ambitious）目标。unrealistic不切实际的，不实事求是的；greedy贪婪的，贪心的，贪吃的；influential有很大影响的，有支配力的。
三、语法填空
[社会热点/2024湖北武汉调研]A groundbreaking new system from the Changsha IFS mall shows 1 5G transforms the shopping experience.
2 updating clothes or comparing prices， mobile technology has transformed the shopping habits of 3 （today）customers.5G is bringing the mobile revolution into real-world shopping.
In China’s Changsha， Changsha IFS became the first 5G-enabled 4 （commerce）complex in the country. And it’s using a new shopping navigator， iGO， whose role isn’t just helping users find their way around the mall’s different 5 （level）. Users can even enjoy a personalized shopping experience and engage in an interactive treasure hunt game.
Common phone navigation tools can be tough 6 （use）within complex indoor environments. However， the iGO system， which opens directly from WeChat， uses the smartphone camera to capture the user’s precise 7 （locate）.
Once a destination 8 （select）， the navigator starts to guide shoppers through their environment step by step. iGO combines 5G technology with augmented reality so that navigation markers appear on top of the real environment，9 （mean）shoppers can easily navigate， turn by turn and floor by floor，10 having to puzzle out how the blocks on a map relate to where they are in the real world.
本文主要介绍了长沙IFS成为中国首家5G全覆盖的商业综合体和新的购物导航系统iGO的使用。
1.how 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导宾语从句，且表示方式，故空处应填how。
2.Whether 考查连词。whether...or...表示"不管……还是……"，是固定表达。注意首字母大写。
3.today’s 考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰后面的名词customers，表示所属关系，所以空处填today’s。
4.commercial 考查形容词。本空解题的关键在于理解空后的complex。complex在此处作名词，因此空处应用形容词，所以空处填commercial。
5.levels 考查名词的数。level在此意为"楼层"，是可数名词。由空前的different可知，空处应用名词复数，所以空处填levels。
6.to use 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处涉及的是"主语＋be＋adj.＋to do"结构，所以空处填to use。
7.location 考查名词。由空前的precise可知，空处应用名词，所以空处填location。
8.is selected/has been selected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作从句的谓语。此处描述一般情况，时态用一般现在时；主语a destination表示第三人称单数概念，且与select之间是被动关系，故空处填is selected。此处也可以用现在完成时强调结果。综上可知，空处可填is selected/has been selected。
9.meaning 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示主动关系和动作的同时性，所以空处填现在分词meaning。
10.without 考查介词。结合句意可知，空处填without（没有，无）。Unit 4 History and Traditions
一、阅读理解
A
Each April Thais celebrate their "Thai New Year" with a great water fight on the streets. People throw water at everyone passing by and even block the road so they can enter buses and "paint the faces" of all the passengers. But there are a few people who don’t wish to participate in the fun. When I first experienced this celebration， I was one of them.
The first time our bus was stopped， 4 people coming into the bus intended to paint everyone’s face. I slowly shook my head to say "No， thank you"， but a man came from behind me and quickly painted my face. Then the other three felt inspired and added a little more "paint" to my face. I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did， they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack， which would damage whatever was inside.
Even though it happened only once， emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless. The experience caused me to think a lot about respect and moral autonomy or individual judgment vs "permission" from the authorities. On this day， people of Thailand， including the police， give "permission" for these activities. So what about respect for the individual？ If someone does not want to be painted， is it OK to do it anyhow because the majority is having a good time and sincerely believes it is harmless fun， or because the police allow it？
In my opinion， if someone does not want to have something done to them， then you’re supposed to respect their decision. You can’t rely on the authorities or some group to tell you if something is right or wrong or if you should or shouldn’t do something. I believe this is a much healthier way of living with one another in this world.
每年四月，泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的"泰国新年"。人们向每个过路的人泼水，甚至堵住道路，进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中，作者就是其中之一。
1. How does the author introduce the topic？
A. By raising a question.
B. By making an assumption.
C. By providing a comparison.
D. By supporting a celebration.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段可知，每年四月，泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的"泰国新年"。人们向每个过路的人泼水，甚至堵住道路，进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中，作者就是其中之一。再结合下文作者的经历可知，作者是通过对比的方法引入本文的主题的。综上可知，C项正确。
2. Why did the author inactively resist being painted？
A. He was afraid of causing conflict.
B. He wanted to protect things in his backpack.
C. The activity got official permission.
D. The majority was in favor of the behavior.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段中的"I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did， they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack， which would damage whatever was inside"可知，作者没有积极反抗是为了保护背包里的东西，故选B。
3. What did the author think of the experience？
A. It was unpleasant.
B. It was invaluable.
C. It was informative.
D. It was acceptable.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第三段中的"emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless"可知，从情感上来说，这是一次非常可怕的经历，因为作者感到很无力。由此可知，对于作者来说，这次经历是不愉快的。
4. What is mainly conveyed in the last paragraph？
A. Do as you would be done by.
B. Fear always springs from ignorance.
C. When in Rome do as the Romans do.
D. Respect matters in interpersonal communication.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，作者认为，如果有人不想被如此对待，那么你应该尊重他们的决定。你不能依赖官方或某个团体来告诉你某事是对是错，或者你应该或不应该做某事。他相信这是一种更正常合理的与人相处的方式。综上可知，本题选D。
B
College sports have many traditions. The tradition in the University of Iowa （UI） is the Hawkeye Wave. When the first quarter is over at Kinnick Stadium， Hawkeye fans turn to UI Stead Family Children’s Hospital. Together， they wave to the kids receiving treatment and their families.
On the top floor of the hospital is a Press Box， which has an almost perfect view of the field below. Patients and families come together there for Iowa football home games. Kids often tape posters or signs to support the team in their rooms， which fans can see from their seats. If it’s a night game， Hawkeye fans will turn on their cellphone lights to wave to the kids watching the game so that this tradition is never missed.
Hawkeye fans derived the idea of the Hawkeye Wave from social media. When the fans reached out for ideas for what they could do during the game， one person posted a suggestion on a social media platform that they could think of a way to give hope， comfort or encouragement to the kids in the hospital and brighten up their day.
Although this sports tradition is relatively new， it is developing into something better. This year， each home game will feature a "Kid Captain" in the hospital. They’ll get to choose the song that accompanies the Hawkeye Wave. The Kid Captain program began in 2009 to honor patients at UI Stead Family Children’s Hospital and celebrate their inspirational stories. A Kid Captain is picked for each Iowa football game， and each child selected receives a commemorative jersey（纪念球衣） as well as special recognition from the hospital and the football team， and enjoys other behind-the-scenes activities.
Mind-body connections that involve positive thinking have shown wellness benefits for people of all ages. They can help improve an individual’s outlook， no matter how seriously he might be ill. That process starts by simply smiling more. The Hawkeye Wave certainly does that when the kids get to experience it.
本文是说明文。大学里的体育运动有许多传统。文章介绍了爱荷华大学美式橄榄球运动的传统Hawkeye Wave及其背后的故事。
【熟词生义】 1.quarter常用义：n.四分之一；一刻钟 文中义：n.（某些分四节进行的体育比赛的）节
2.brighten常用义：v.（使）明亮 文中义：v.（使）快活起来，（使）更有趣
3.celebrate常用义：v.庆祝，庆贺 文中义：v.歌颂，赞美
【长难句解读】 When the fans reached out for ideas for (whatthey could
When引导的时间状语从句，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句
do duringthe game), one person posted a suggestion on a social media platform that they
could think of a way to give hope， comfort or encouragement to the kids in
that引导的同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的内容
the hospital and brighten up their day.
译文：当球迷们询问他们在比赛期间能做些什么时，一个人在社交媒体平台上发帖，建议他们可以想办法给医院里的孩子们带来希望、安慰或鼓励，让他们开心。
1. What does the Press Box serve as？
A. A watching platform.
B. A room for get-togethers.
C. A small-sized stadium.
D. A place for entertainment.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段中的"On the top floor of the hospital is a Press Box...Patients and families come together there for Iowa football home games"可知，孩子们和其家人来到顶楼的Press Box是为了观看比赛。由此可知，Press Box充当的是观看平台。
2. What does the underlined word "derived" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Tested. B.Obtained.
C. Promoted. D. Discussed.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由第三段中的"When the fans reached out for ideas for what they could do during the game ... brighten up their day"可知，当球迷们询问他们在比赛期间能做些什么时，一个人在社交媒体平台发帖，建议他们可以想办法给医院里的孩子们带来希望、安慰或鼓励，让他们开心。由此可知，球迷们从社交媒体上得到了Hawkeye Wave这个想法。derive的含义应是"得到，获得"，故选B。
3. What can we learn about the Kid Captain program？
A. It enriches the Hawkeye Wave.
B. It features kids’ choice of songs.
C. It excites kids’ interest in football.
D. It offers gifts to kids in hospital.
解析 A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段第一句"Although this sports tradition is relatively new， it is developing into something better"可知，虽然这一体育传统相对较新，但它在向更好的方向发展。接着，文中提到"今年，每一场主场比赛都有一名来自医院的‘儿童队长’，他们可以选择Hawkeye Wave的伴奏歌曲"。由此可知，作者通过列举"儿童队长"项目的相关内容来具体说明Hawkeye Wave这一传统是如何向更好的方向发展的。因此，"儿童队长"项目丰富了Hawkeye Wave这一体育传统。综上可知，本题选A。
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. Kid Captain： a particular honor to sick kids
B. College sports： a fuel to mind-body connections
C. Kinnick Stadium： a stage for unusual interaction
D. Hawkeye Wave： a sports tradition to cheer sick kids
解析 D 标题归纳题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"College sports have many traditions. The tradition in the University of Iowa（UI） is the Hawkeye Wave"、第三段中的"to give hope， comfort or encouragement to the kids in the hospital and brighten up their day"和最后一段中的"They can help improve an individual’s outlook... The Hawkeye Wave certainly does that when the kids get to experience it"可知，本文主要介绍了爱荷华大学美式橄榄球运动的传统Hawkeye Wave、其背后的故事以及这一传统对生病的孩子的影响，故D项做文章标题最佳。
C
[艺术文化/2024河南焦作期中]In 1879， an 8-year-old girl made a discovery that would rock our understanding of human history. On the walls of Altamira cave in northern Spain， she spotted amazing drawings of bison， painted in vivid red and black. More striking even than the images was their age： They were made thousands of years ago by modern humans’ supposedly primitive ancestors. Today， nearly 400 caves across Europe have been found decorated with hand stencils（用模板印的文字或图案）， mysterious symbols and beautiful images of animals created by these skillful artists.
The discoveries led to the view that artistic talent arose after modern humans arrived in the region some 40，000 years ago， as part of a "cultural explosion" reflecting a flowering of the human mind. But more recent evidence has blown this idea out of the water. For a start， modern humans might not have been the first artists in Europe. What’s more， a collection of cave paintings emerging in Indonesia has dismissed the idea that Europe was the centre of creativity.
Local people have long known that the caves of the island of Sulawesi， Indonesia， contain many painted images. Modern humans are thought to have reached the region some 65，000 years ago， but nobody imagined the art could be very old because ancient paintings seem unlikely to survive in the environment of high temperatures. A team of researchers led by Maxime Aubert， now at Griffith University in Australia，upended this idea using a technique that is shifting our understanding of cave art. Using this technique in seven caves， they found a hand stencil was at least 39，900 years old， making it the oldest known hand stencil at that time.
This opened a floodgate to new discoveries in Indonesia. These included a hunting scene created at least 43，900 years ago， and by far the oldest descriptive artwork. "When we found that image， we were absolutely delighted， but when it turned out to be that old， we were almost jumping with joy，" says Adam Brumm， also at Griffith University.
印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛洞穴壁画的发现挑战了欧洲是艺术创作中心的观点，揭示了人类艺术才能的历史更为悠久。
【词语积累】 supposedly adv.据信，据传，据说 dismiss v.去除，消除，摒除（思想、感情等）；驳回，不受理 blow...out of the water 彻底摧毁……，毁灭……
1. What did the girl find in the cave？
A. Wild animals.
B. Ancient images.
C. Painting techniques.
D. Recording artists.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"she spotted amazing drawings of bison...the images was their age： They were made thousands of years ago"可知，B项正确。
2. What was a misunderstanding removed by the more recent evidence？
A. Artistic talent can be traced back to Europe.
B. Artistic talent reflected the flowering of human minds.
C. Modern humans led to artistic talent’s rise in Indonesia.
D. Modern humans might not have been real artists.
解析 A 推理判断题。由题干中的"removed by the more recent evidence"可以将线索信息定位到第二段中的"more recent evidence has blown this idea out of the water"。由语境可知，被证据推翻的"idea"指的是上文中提到的"artistic talent arose after modern humans arrived in the region some 40，000 years ago"，故A项正确。
3. What does the underlined word "upended" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Proved. B. Strengthened.
C. Overturned.D. Overemphasized.
解析 C 词义猜测题。分析语境可知，画线词后面的宾语this idea指的是上文中的"古画好像不可能在高温环境中被保存下来，所以这项艺术不会很古老"。由下文中的"they found a hand stencil was at least 39，900 years old"可知，研究人员利用技术手段推翻了之前人们认为洞穴里的艺术不可能很古老的说法，故C项与画线词在意义上最为接近。
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The amazing discoveries.
B. The researchers’ expectations.
C. The benefits of the technique.
D. The description of the cave art.
解析 A 段落大意题。由最后一段中的"This opened a floodgate to new discoveries in Indonesia"和Adam Brumm的话"When we found that image...we were almost jumping with joy"可以看出，本段主要讲了研究人员在印度尼西亚的惊人发现，故A项正确。
二、七选五
[2023山东联考]It seems a bit strange to imagine the ancient Greeks celebrating their birthdays with layered cakes topped with lighted candles. 1
The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today and weren’t even called birthday cakes. 2 At that time only they could afford to celebrate with something sweet. That is how cakes became associated with special occasions.
The ancient Egyptians are credited with "inventing" the birthday celebration. And the ancient Greeks borrowed the tradition but rightfully realized that a dessert would make the celebration more meaningful. So they baked moon-shaped cakes to offer up to the moon. 3
It wasn’t just the ancient Greeks who celebrated with sweet cakes. 4 And it’s believed that the original birthday cake came from them. Rather than just celebrating birthdays， though， ancient Rome was known for celebrating all things with a cake including weddings， but there was an exception — the birthdays celebrated were only for men who were citizens， and they had to be famous.
Modern birthday parties are said to get their roots from the 18th-century German celebration. On the morning of a child’s birthday， he or she would receive a cake with lighted candles that added up to the child’s age plus one. 5 The birthday child would make a wish， try to blow out all the candles in one breath， and dig in.
A. The ancient Romans also had their traditions.
B. Rather， they were symbolic of the noble class.
C. The ancient Greeks made the first birthday cakes.
D. On birthday， children would eat cakes made by their mums.
E. They also decorated the cakes to make them shine like the moon.
F. This extra candle was called the light of hope for another new year.
G. However， they’re the ones who first came up with the idea to do so.
文章分别介绍了生日蛋糕、生日庆祝传统及现代生日聚会的起源。
1.G "It seems a bit strange to imagine the ancient Greeks...layered cakes topped with lighted candles"与G项之间为转折关系。
2.B "The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today..."与B项之间为递进关系。
3.E 由空前的"So they baked moon-shaped cakes to offer up to the moon"可知，本空填E项。
4.A "It wasn’t just the ancient Greeks who celebrated with sweet cakes"与A项衔接自然。
5.F 空前的"On the morning of a child’s birthday...added up to the child’s age plus one"与F项吻合。
