Unit 3 Food and Culture
一、阅读理解
A
Roughly one-third of the food produced in the world for human consumption every year — approximately 1.3 billion tonnes— gets lost or wasted. And in Singapore 665，000 tonnes of food waste was produced in 2020， amounting to $342 million， only 19％ of which was recycled. Chua Kai-Ning and her partner， Phua Jun Wei， founded Insectta in 2017. They are battling Singapore’s food waste with the help of the black soldier fly larva — the immature form of a fly.
"The idea behind Insectta is that nothing goes to waste，" said Chua. "Waste can be reimagined as a resource if we change how we think about our production methods， and how we deal with waste."
The worms of black soldier flies consume up to eight tons of food waste per month. Insectta can then flash dry the worms into animal feed， and use the insects’ excrement（粪便）for agriculture. According to Chua，Insectta is extracting more than agriculture-related products from black soldier flies.
"During the research and development， we realized that a lot of precious biomaterials that have already got market value can be gained from these flies，" Chua said. Insectta has developed technology to get biomaterials from the exoskeleton（外骨骼） they leave behind.
One of these biomaterials is chitosan， an antimicrobial（抗菌的） material sometimes used in makeup and medicine. Insectta aims to eventually produce 500 kilograms of chitosan a day. Insectta is now working with Singapore-based Spa Esprit Group for the use of the chitosan in its skin care products. It also joins hands with the face mask brand Vi-Mask， which hopes to use the chitosan to make an antimicrobial layer within its products.
世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，并从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。
【词语积累】 amount to总计，共计；等同于，相当于
join hands携手合作，联合，合伙
【长难句解读】 ＂During the research and development， we realized that a lot of precious
that引导的宾语从句，
biomaterials (that have already got market value) can be gained from these flies，＂Chua said.
其中包含一个that引导的定语从句
译文：Chua说："在研究和开发中，我们意识到，许多已经有市场价值的珍贵的生物材料可以从这些黑水虻身上获取。"
1. What do the figures in paragraph 1 show？
A. The difficulty in recycling food waste.
B. The seriousness of food waste.
C. The urgency of reducing food consumption.
D. The effort at battling food waste.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，全世界每年有大约13亿公吨的食物被浪费，2020年新加坡产生了665 000公吨食品废弃物，其中只有19％得到了回收。由此可知，作者通过列数字的方式来表明食物浪费的严重性，故选B项。
2.What does the underlined word "extracting" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Protecting. B.Obtaining.
C. Learning. D. Recycling.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由第三段中的"use the insects’ excrement（粪便） for agriculture"可知，该公司把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，再结合下文可知，该公司还从黑水虻的外骨骼中获取了抗菌生物材料。由此可推知，该公司从黑水虻身上获取的不只是与农业相关的产品，故画线词的含义应是"获取"，B项切题。
3.What can be inferred about chitosan？
A. It has a wide range of uses.
B. It brings few profits to Insectta.
C. It has been applied to masks.
D. It is found in the fly’s excrement.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"used in makeup and medicine""for the use of the chitosan in its skin care products... to make an antimicrobial layer within its products"可知，这种抗菌材料可用于化妆品和药物中，也可用于护肤产品中，还可用于口罩的抗菌层。由此可知，这种抗菌材料用途广泛，故选A。
4.Which is the best title for the text？
A. Insects provide a way to recycle food waste
B. New technology is developed to fight food waste
C. Insectta is using insects to turn waste into treasure
D. Singapore is benefiting from the insect-based industry
解析 C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的主要内容是：世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，还从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。C项做标题最佳。
B
[科技创新/]Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake without needing to sacrifice（牺牲） flavor. Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods.
Co-developed by Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink producer Kirin Holdings Company， Limited， the chopsticks improve tastes using electrical stimulation and a mini-computer attached to a wrist. "The device uses a weak electrical current to send sodium ions（钠离子） from food， through the chopsticks， to the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness，" said Miyashita. "As a result， the salty taste increases by 1.5 times."
The taste-improving chopsticks may have particular relevance to the traditional diet in Japan， which tends to be high in salt. The average Japanese adult eats about 10 grams of salt each day. That is almost two times the amount suggested by the World Health Organization. High sodium intake is linked to increased cases of high blood pressure， strokes and other conditions. "To prevent these diseases， we need to reduce the amount of salt we take，" said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. Sato added that if Japanese people try to reduce salt intake in the usual ways， they will need to cut many of their favorite foods from their diet. Otherwise， they would have to eat flavorless food.
"I want to overturn the idea that low salt means no flavor，" Miyashita declared. "The chopsticks make it possible to keep enjoying the foods we love， and in a healthier way." He was confident that the chopsticks can help people make better decisions about their diet and hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year.
Miyashita and his research team have explored different ways that technology can interact with human senses. He has also developed a television screen that a person can lick（舔） to taste different food flavors. Meanwhile， research is also underway to develop other eating tools with special functions like electric spoons and forks using technology.
本文是说明文。日本的传统饮食盐味较重，过量的钠的摄入增加了日本人患高血压、中风和其他相关疾病的风险。最近，日本的研究人员发明了一种电动筷子，这种筷子可以在不额外增加食物的盐含量的同时增加食物的咸味。
【词语积累】 intake n.（食物、饮料等的）摄取量，吸入量
relevance n.关联，有关 overturn v.推翻
underway adj.在进行中的
【熟词生义】 1.current常用义：adj.当前的，现在的 文中义：n.电流
2.condition常用义：n.状况，状态 文中义：n.（因不可能治愈而长期患有的）疾病
1.Who would probably be interested in the electric chopsticks？
A. Those sticking to a balanced diet.
B. Those having eating disorders.
C. Those preferring homemade food.
D. Those wanting to take in less salt.
解析 D 细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake"可知，这种电动筷子对想要减少盐摄入量的人有吸引力，故D项正确。
2.Why is traditional Japanese diet mentioned？
A. To introduce what Japanese diet is like.
B. To stress how important chopsticks are for it.
C. To show what influence it has on the Japanese.
D. To explain why electric chopsticks are invented.
解析 D 推理判断题。由题干中的"traditional Japanese diet"可将解题信息定位至第三段。由本段对日本传统饮食的介绍可知，日本的传统饮食盐味较重。普通的日本成年人每天摄入的盐量几乎是世界卫生组织建议的两倍。高钠摄入量与高血压、中风和其他疾病病例的增加有关。如果日本人以平常的方式减少盐的摄入，他们将需要舍弃许多他们喜欢的食物。否则，他们将不得不吃寡淡无味的食物。再结合上文中提到的电动筷子可以增加食物的咸味可推知，文中提及日本传统饮食是为了解释研究人员发明电动筷子的原因。综上可知，本题选D。
3.What does Miyashita expect of the electric chopsticks？
A. They’ll reach consumers in the near future.
B. They’ll help change people’s eating habits.
C. They’ll be developed into various versions.
D. They’ll inspire a whole new line of research.
解析 A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"the chopsticks can help people ... hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year"可知，本题选A。
4.What is the text mainly about？
A. Benefits of low-sodium diets.
B. Improvements to the Japanese diet.
C. Electric chopsticks increasing salty taste.
D. An invention making food more delicious.
解析 C 主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods"可知，本文主要介绍的是研究者发明的一种能够增加食物咸味的电动筷子，故C项正确。
二、七选五
On our second day in China， we’d already been asked to join the school for supper. Nervous and unsure of the food and table manners， we politely agreed. 1 And now my first dining experience would be with the school staff.
Compared with the restaurants in my hometown， Chinese ones are loud and busy. 2 The atmosphere is warm and chaotic； people are happy. The tables are big and round. In Chinese culture the most important person sits facing the door. Plates of food soon started arriving. And then I wished I’d worked on my chopstick skills before.
3 This means ordering lots of food and encouraging you to keep eating. It also means drinking and drinking. You’ll never have an empty glass.
It’s polite to try everything， but if you know me， you would know I don’t eat everything. Fresh fish？ Sure， an entire fish on the plate staring at you while you pick at it. Not for me. 4 No， thanks！ The lung of a pig？ I’ll pass. It seems that the Chinese really eat everything！
Every day I’m pushed out of my comfort zone. 5 The experience itself is quite amazing. I’ve learned a lot， yet there’s still so much to learn. It sure is different from my culture and way of living， but being in their shoes and seeing life through their eyes have really helped me to understand. And I look forward to discovering more！
A. I gradually got used to the life here.
B. The Chinese are so friendly and hospitable.
C. Snails with their shell crushed and cooked into a meal？
D. But for the most part， I discover something I really enjoy.
E. People rinse（冲洗） their bowls and chopsticks first with hot water.
F. Coming to China， the thing I was most nervous about was the food.
G. People are shouting， laughing， drinking and kids are running around freely.
了解一个国家的地道文化可以从饭桌上开始。吃吃喝喝中，品尝的是别具特色的美食，感受的是异域的独特氛围，谈论的是关乎彼此的凡人俗事，体验的是浓郁的烟火气息！
1.F F项中的the thing I was most nervous about was the food与空前句子中的unsure of the food以及空后句子中的my first dining experience相照应。
2.G G项所说的情况是对"Chinese ones are loud and busy"的具体说明。
3.B B项指明了第三段的主旨大意，"ordering lots of food and encouraging you to keep eating"以及"drinking and drinking"皆诠释了中国人的友善与好客。
4.C C项与"Fresh fish？"和"The lung of a pig？"吻合。
5.D D项与"Every day I’m pushed out of my comfort zone"之间为转折关系，且空后的句子是对D项中something的具体说明。
三、完形填空
One day， Baltimore restaurant owner Steve Chu learned one of his longtime customers， an old lady， was losing her battle with cancer. Chu 1 to drive six hours to Vermont to cook her favorite dish for her rather than share his recipe at her son-in-law Brandon’s request.
Her daughter Rina knows how much the dish from Chu’s restaurant 2 to her. "She always told us，‘When I’m on my death bed， I want to have that broccoli，’" Rina said. "Actually， when I was packing on Friday to drive to Vermont， I called her in 3 to see if she wanted us to bring anything special and she 4 said，‘Tempura broccoli！’"
After confirming his plans with Rina and Brandon， Chu， together with his two colleagues， made the 5 to Vermont. The next morning， they set up a makeshift（临时代替的） kitchen in the bed of their truck at the lady’s house. When the dish was 6 ， the team rang the doorbell.
When the old lady opened her door and saw Chu’s familiar 7 with the dish， she could hardly believe her eyes. "I don’t understand！ You drove all the way up here to cook for me？" she cried with a（n） 8 expression on her face.
Chu immediately recognized her the moment he saw her. "We’ve seen many 9 come and go. However， she always 10 ， not only in the way she enjoys my cooking but in always making sure to 11 the dishes to my restaurant staff，" Chu said.
Their mission accomplished， Chu and his colleagues turned down an offer to stay for dinner， also refusing to take any 12 . Rina Jones reported Chu’s generosity left her and her mom with tears of 13 .
"She’s a lovely lady， who has showered us with love at our restaurant for years，" Chu said， adding it was an honor to help 14 the family’s wish. "It was a meaningful 15 ， and I’m happy that we could make it happen，" he said.
老人患癌性命危，佳肴一道挂在心；女婿设法求菜谱，厨师果断献爱心，开车疾行六小时，亲往烹饪慰老人！
1.A. hesitated B. continued
C. competed D.offered
解析 D 厨师主动提出开六个小时的车，亲自去给老人做菜。offer to do （sth.）表示"主动做某事"。
2.A. means B. owes
C. devotes D. sends
解析 A 老人的女儿知道这道菜对母亲的意义有多重大。mean在此表示"意味着"。
3.A. secret B. surprise
C. advance D. anger
解析 C 老太太的女儿提前给母亲打电话看她想不想让带什么特别的东西。in advance表示"提前，事先"。
4.A. luckily B. nervously
C. confusedly D. jokingly
解析 D 老太太开玩笑地说让女儿带她特别喜欢的菜。jokingly表示"开玩笑地"。
5.A. agreement B.trip
C. requirement D. order
解析 B 确认了计划之后，Chu就和两名同事一起踏上了去佛蒙特州的旅途。make the trip to...表示"踏上去……的旅途，前往……"。
6.A. delicious B. fresh
C. ready D. popular
解析 C 菜肴做好后，厨师一行人按响了老太太家的门铃。ready表示"准备好的"。
7.A. figure B. performance
C. behavior D. character
解析 A 老太太开门后便看到了Chu熟悉的身影。figure表示"身影"。
8.A. embarrassed B. scared
C. peaceful D.surprised
解析 D 结合"she could hardly believe her eyes"和"I don’t understand！"可知，看到Chu，老太太应该很吃惊，故本题选D项，surprised表示"惊奇的，吃惊的"。
9.A. volunteers B.customers
C. visitors D. foreigners
解析 B Chu是开饭馆的，自然是见多了顾客的来来往往。customer表示"顾客"。
10.A. helps out B. watches out
C. stands out D. works out
解析 C 虽然见多了顾客，可这位老太太总是那么显眼。stand out表示"突出，显眼"。
11.A. raise B. return
C. serve D. praise
解析 D 老太太给Chu印象深刻的不仅仅是她享受他做的菜肴的样子，还有就是她总不忘向餐馆的工作人员夸赞一下这些菜肴。praise表示"夸奖，称赞"。
12.A. consideration B. risk
C. payment D. blame
解析 C Chu他们也拒绝收钱。payment表示"款额，款项"。
13.A. regret B. gratitude
C. pride D. pity
解析 B 对于Chu开了六个小时的车前来做菜这件事，老太太一家自然会心存感激，故本题选B项，gratitude表示"感激，感谢"。
14.A. fulfill B. express
C. understand D. discover
解析 A Chu觉得帮助老太太一家实现愿望是一件很荣幸的事情，故本题选A项，fulfill表示"实现，达成"。
15.A. invention B. change
C. campaign D. experience
解析 D 在Chu看来，开了六个小时的车去给这位老太太做菜是一次非常有意义的经历。experience表示"经历，体验"。Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land
一、阅读理解
A
[2023广西贵港三模]Cory， aged 30， was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy（脊髓性肌萎缩症） at a very young age. Because of his condition， he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mother， Sandy Gilbreath， raised him as a single parent. Although taking care of a child with a disability was challenging， she ensured that Cory didn’t miss out on the fun things in life. Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents.
He and his mother traveled to Antarctica in February. It was the seventh and final continent off his list. He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents！
According to Cory， traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip， making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location. He would also call up hotels or rental homes to confirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim to be.
When Cory started going on adventures， there weren’t many online resources discussing accessible travel. To help other travelers with disabilities explore the world as he does， he decided to share his knowledge in his blog. Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community， Cory and his mother wrote a children’s book， titled Let’sExplorewithCorCor， which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair.
"Traveling to all seven continents wasn’t something I was sure was going to be possible，" he said. "But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude， the opportunities are limitless."
从小被诊断患有脊髓性肌萎缩症的科里坐轮椅游览了七大洲，他决定在博客上分享他的旅行知识，帮助其他残疾旅行者像他一样探索世界。
1. What made Cory Lee decide to visit all seven continents？
A. His mother’s expectation.
B. His travelling experiences.
C. His dream of helping others.
D. His objective of making a history.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents"可知，是科里童年时，妈妈带他去公路旅行的经历让他下定决心访问所有七大洲，故选B项。
2. What worries Cory most about a trip？
A. Rental fees.
B. Local attractions.
C. Accommodation.
D. Transportation.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段中的"According to Cory， traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip， making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location"可知，科里因为身体原因要坐轮椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有没有方便的交通选择，由此可得知科里旅行时最担心的是交通问题，故选D项。
3. Why did Cory and his mother write the book？
A. To enrich online resources.
B. To record travelling events.
C. To help people with special needs.
D. To introduce wheelchair adventures.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第四段中的"Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community， Cory and his mother wrote a children’s book， titled Let’sExplorewithCorCor， which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair"可知，为了帮助有特殊需要的人，科里和他妈妈才写书的，故选C项。
4. What can we learn from Cory’s story？
A. Nothing can prevent a determined heart.
B. Disability can turn into an opportunity.
C. Travelling shapes a positive attitude.
D. Mom is the creator of children’s dreams.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第一段中的"Cory， aged 30， was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy（脊髓性肌萎缩症） at a very young age. Because of his condition， he began using a wheelchair at age 4"、第二段中的"He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents！"和最后一段"‘Traveling to all seven continents wasn’t something I was sure was going to be possible，’ he said. ‘But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude， the opportunities are limitless.’"可知，科里从小坐轮椅，但因为保持着坚定和积极的态度，他才能完成游览所有七大洲的目标，由此可得知，即使残疾，坚定的心也能帮助人们实现梦想，所以没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心，故选A项。
B
[2024广东四校联考]Getting to Antarctica is not easy. The few who are lucky enough to visit this most mysterious continent do so by ship. To reach Antarctica， ships must pass through an extremely violent area of ocean called the Drake Passage， considered to be the roughest stretch of sea on the planet.
Walls of water thirty， sometimes forty feet high continually crashed against our ship for two solid days. We would hold on to a rope inside the ship while being violently tipped（倾斜） to one extreme side， then to the other， and then back again. My daughter Claire and I were as mentally prepared as we could be.
About two and a half days after entering the Drake Passage， the waters calmed. Soon， we noticed small black spots on nearby pieces of floating ice. Emperor penguins（企鹅）！ Then， we began the two-mile hike over the ice to the penguin colony. Within several hundred yards， small groups of emperors， perhaps ten or so at a time， greeted us， sliding on their bellies and making their wonderful noises， sort of a long， high-pitched sound.
One day， two adult emperors with their three chicks following them approached Claire， who was resting on the ice. They left the chicks with her， as if she were the babysitter. Twenty minutes later they returned to collect the chicks. And I will never forget the penguin that， when I jokingly asked which way back to the helicopters， pointed a wing in the correct direction. Every night aboard our safe and warm ship， we thought about what it took to survive in Antarctica， an incredibly harsh（恶劣的） place.
But each day on the ice， we also thought about the Drake Passage， the impact of the large body of water we had to endure to get where we were. Over the course of our visit， we came to respect the power of that sea. We still talk about the penguins， as I’m sure we always will. But we talk about the Drake Passage， too. Both experiences were unforgettable， and one would not have been possible without the other.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者和女儿前往南极洲的经历。
1. Why is the Drake Passage mentioned in the first paragraph？
A. The water in the area is usually calm.
B. People can see very attractive scenery there.
C. It is quite a dangerous section of the journey.
D. A lot of sea animals often appear in the area.
解析 C 推理判断题。由文章第一段中的"To reach Antarctica， ships must pass through an extremely violent area of ocean called the Drake Passage， considered to be the roughest stretch of sea on the planet"可知，第一段提到德雷克海峡是因为这是旅程中相当危险的一段，故选C。
2. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The visitors appreciated the penguins.
B. The living habits of emperor penguins.
C. How penguins made their wonderful noises.
D. The appearance and shape of emperor penguins.
解析 A 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是游客们欣赏企鹅，故选A。
3. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph？
A. Penguins try to avoid human beings.
B. Penguins are not afraid of human beings.
C. Claire played with the two adult penguins for a long time.
D. Claire led the young penguins to where the adult penguins stayed.
解析 B 推理判断题。由文章第四段中的"One day， two adult emperors with their three chicks following them approached Claire， who was resting on the ice. They left the chicks with her， as if she were the babysitter"可推断，企鹅不怕人类，故选B。
4. What does the underlined word "endure" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Promote. B. Break.
C. Arrange. D.Experience.
解析 D 词义猜测题。由"Over the course of our visit， we came to respect the power of that sea"可推知，到达德雷克海峡必须忍受巨大水流的冲击，所以endure的意思是"经历，经受"。
二、完形填空
[奋斗精神/2023河北衡水三模]Two Canadian cyclists with Parkinson’s disease are taking an 8，000-kilometer journey across Canada. They are riding for a good 1 . This dynamic team wants to 2 other people with Parkinson’s to get on their bikes and rediscover freedom and joy in life.
Steve Iseman and Jim Redmond 3 their bike tour on June 25， 2022， in Victoria， British Columbia. They were both physically 4 before they were diagnosed（诊断） with early Parkinson’s. Instead of 5 themselves to sadness， they felt determined to keep active. Also， knowing people with Parkinson’s tend to be 6 to get on a bike and live in loneliness， they wanted to convey this 7 during their ride： Believe in yourself and you are more 8 than you think.
"If you feel muscle weakness， add pedal-assist to the ride. If cycling doesn’t 9 you， there are so many other activities. The 10 line is that you must get moving and do an activity， despite your fears and the voice inside your head 11 ‘I can’t’，" said Iseman.
On August 2， the riders were over halfway through their three-month ride. They are being 12 by local news stations and podcasters along the way， 13 to get the word out and to raise money for research. "The rewards of riding are 14 ， being great for mind， body， and mood. You just feel the freedom and 15 coming back，" said Iseman.
两名患有帕金森的加拿大自行车骑手参加了8 000公里自行车骑行，他们想要激励其他帕金森患者骑上自行车，重新发现生活中的自由和快乐。
1. A. source B.cause
C. identity D. occasion
解析 B 由语境可知，他们的骑行是为了筹钱做慈善，故选B，a good cause意为"慈善事业"。
2. A. instruct B. enable
C. allow D.inspire
解析 D 此处说的是"这个充满活力的团队希望激励（inspire）其他帕金森患者骑上自行车，重新发现生活中的自由和快乐"，故选D。
3. A. kicked off B. put up
C. crossed off D. picked up
解析 A 这两个人在2022年6月25日开始（kicked off）了自行车之旅，故选A。
4.A. fit B. weak
C. serious D. injured
解析 A 此处说的是"在被诊断患有早期帕金森之前，他们的身体都很健康（fit）"，故选A。
5. A. accustoming B. adapting
C. abandoning D. applying
解析 C 此处说的是"他们没有让自己沉浸在悲伤中，而是决心保持活跃"，故选C，abandon oneself to...意为"让自己沉浸在……之中"。
6. A. careful B. curious
C. afraid D. proud
解析 C 此处表达的是"此外，知道帕金森患者往往害怕（afraid）骑自行车且生活在孤独中，他们想在骑行过程中传达这样的信息：相信自己，你比你想象的更有能力"，故选C。
7. A. option B. method
C. situation D. message
解析 D 参见上题解析。message信息。
8. A. different B. capable
C. creative D. sensitive
解析 B 参见第6题解析。capable有能力的。
9. A. suit B. challenge
C. bear D. transform
解析 A 由"there are so many other activities"可知，此处说的是"如果骑行不适合你，你可以选择其他的活动"，故选A。
10. A. beginning B. central
C. ceiling D. bottom
解析 D 此处说的是"关键是，你必须动起来，做一种活动，尽管你害怕，尽管你脑子里的声音坚持说‘我做不到’"，选D。
11. A. recalling B. complaining
C. insisting D. trembling
解析 C 参见上题解析。insist 坚持说。
12. A. interrupted B.interviewed
C. annoyed D. investigated
解析 B 由空后的"by local news stations and podcasters along the way"可知，两人接受了当地新闻电台和播客的采访，故选B。
13.A. hoping B. pretending
C. failing D. refusing
解析 A 一路上，他们接受了当地新闻电台和播客的采访，希望（hoping）能把这一消息传出去，并为研究筹集资金。
14. A. insignificant B. improper
C. boundless D. fruitless
解析 C 这里指的是骑行的好处是无限的（boundless），故选C。
15. A. justice B. fame
C. status D. joy
解析 D 由文章第一段中的"people with Parkinson’s to get on their bikes and rediscover freedom and joy in life"可知，空处所填词指的是喜悦，故选D。
三、语法填空
[2024广东深圳10月月考]The term "Special Forces-style Tourism" 1 （gain） popularity on China’s social media platforms lately. It refers to the recent trend among young people who want to visit as many scenic 2 （spot） as possible while spending the least time and money.
When it comes to 3 major expense of travel， namely accommodation， Chinese "special forces" have their own solutions. Some young travelers choose to stay overnight 4 private rooms at 24-hour chain restaurants like Haidilao hot pot. Others prefer to spend the night on forms of transportation， such as taking sleeper trains.
According to a travel report 5 （release） by Tongcheng Travel， during this year’s Labor Day holiday， the domestic 6 （consume） in tourism market experienced a boom. Peak daily orders for hotels， attractions， and transportation outweighed those of the peak day during this year’s Spring Festival.
Opinions on this new hit 7 （divide）. Some young people are keen to practice this high-intensity travel style with their good physical fitness. Some criticize that it is meaningless，8 （state） that one could spend two or three days just exploring the Forbidden City， and they do not understand 9 students can thoroughly visit ten attractions in just 48 hours. Meanwhile， some believe this kind of traveling is 10 （simple） an expression of youthful impulse.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是"特种兵式旅游"的特点以及人们对这种旅行方式的不同看法。
1.has gained 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，所填词作谓语。由时间状语lately可知，此处应使用现在完成时，且gain与句子主语The term "Special Forces-style Tourism"之间为主动关系，故填has gained。
2.spots 考查名词的数。所填词作宾语。由空前的many可知，空格处填spots。
3.the 考查冠词。此处的"费用"特指旅行的主要费用，所以此处应使用定冠词the。
4.in 考查介词。in private rooms表示"在私人房间"。
5.released 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。release与a travel report之间为被动关系，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，故填released。
6.consumption 考查名词。由空前的形容词可知，空处需要填不可数名词consumption（消费）。
7.are divided 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，所填词作谓语。由语境可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时；divide与句子主语Opinions on this new hit之间为被动关系，故填are divided。
8.stating 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应为非谓语动词。state与Some之间为主动关系，且此处表示伴随状况，所以空格处填stating。
9.how 考查宾语从句。所填词引导宾语从句，表示方式，故填how。
10.simply 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作状语，修饰谓语部分，故用副词simply。Unit 2 Bridging Cultures
一、阅读理解
A
When Argentinean thinker Juan José Sebrellivisited Shanghai in the 1960s as part of a delegation（代表团） invited by the Chinese government， he wrote that the city seemed strangely familiar.
I was reading his writing before boarding a plane on my first trip to Shanghai in 2016. By that time， I was doing research at home on how South American writers， diplomats（外交官） and politicians had developed a new world outlook. The opportunity of my life appeared when I was told I was recommended as the first scholar at a research center co-built by a research council of Argentina and Shanghai University for an exchange program.
My first year living in Shanghai was full of discoveries and adventures. I was in a constant state of curiosity. Every day， I discovered， tried and learned something new. In other words， the city impressed me： Its modern architecture and the opportunities that Shanghai gave to everyone made me feel that this place was one of the most dynamic places I’d ever been to. I recognized that this city allowed both locals and foreigners to rediscover and reinvent themselves. The experience of being in touch with a different culture has enriched my way of looking at and thinking about the world.
After three years， my program at the joint center came to an end. But Shanghai had another new surprise for me： I got an offer to work as a professor in Fudan University， which was an opportunity that I couldn’t refuse. Gradually， I regarded Shanghai as my second home and I fully understood the meaning of Sebrelli’s writing one day walking through my favorite spots of the city on Wuyuan Road and Wulumuqi Road. Several places made me have a strange feeling： The combination of Art Deco buildings and local stands on the street created an image of my homeland. At that moment， I understood that this city， as Sebrelli wrote， "is now a part of myself".
作者自2016年来到上海后在上海生活了好几年，对这座城市产生了不一样的情愫，将它当作自己的第二故乡。
【词语积累】 strangely adv.异常地，奇怪地，不可思议地
dynamic adj.充满活力的 reinvent v.以新形象示人
joint adj.联合的，共同的
【熟词生义】 stand常用义：v.站，站立；容忍，忍受 文中义：n.售货台（亭），货摊
1. Why does the author mention Juan José Sebrelli？
A. To explain Sebrelli’s influence on him.
B. To stress the close Argentina-China bond.
C. To introduce his own experience in Shanghai.
D. To show respect and admiration for Sebrelli.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，阿根廷思想家Juan José Sebrelli在访问上海时曾写道，这座城市似乎让人异常熟悉。紧接着，第二段首句"I was reading his writing before boarding a plane on my first trip to Shanghai in 2016"提到在2016年作者开启了自己的上海之旅。由此可推知，作者提及Juan José Sebrelli是为了引出自己在上海的经历，故选C。
2. What did the author come to Shanghai to do？
A. Teach in a university.
B. Join in a program.
C. Develop a new outlook.
D. Lead joint research.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段的"The opportunity of my life appeared ... for an exchange program"可知，本题选B。
3. How did the author find Shanghai？
A. It was both familiar and strange.
B. It was dynamic and fast-paced.
C. It was inclusive and instructive.
D. It was modern and highly developed.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第三段的"the opportunities that Shanghai gave to everyone"和"I recognized that this city...rediscover and reinvent themselves"可知，上海给予每个人机会，它允许当地人和外国人重新发现自己、重塑自己，这说明上海是具有包容性的。由第三段的"The experience of being in touch with...thinking about the world"可知，接触不同文化的经历丰富了作者看待和思考世界的方式，由此可知，上海对人有一定的启发性。综上可知，本题选C。
4. What does "a strange feeling" in the last paragraph refer to？
A. The sense of identity.
B. The sense of belonging.
C. The sense of purpose.
D. The sense of satisfaction.
解析 B 推理判断题。由a strange feeling后的"The combination of...this city， as Sebrelli wrote，‘is now a part of myself’"可推知，奇怪的感觉指的是归属感，故选B。
B
[2024河南省实验中学开学考]I was once a Chinese TV star. Actually， I’m neither Chinese nor a star， but for two seasons， I was the French voice of one of the major characters in a famous Chinese soap opera.
China has put a lot of effort into sharing its culture with the world. Chinese movies and TV shows have been translated into various languages. As a result， dubbing（配音） jobs in China have increased greatly over the years.
I landed my first dubbing job without having any previous experience， something that would be impossible in France. As I entered the tiny recording studio， I pretended to know how to dub， feeling more than ever like a fraud. I didn’t speak Chinese， so how could I know when a sentence ended？ I managed to control my shaking hands， and tried my best to match the French text with the Chinese lips. Finally， they asked me to try again， with more emotion this time. And so I did. To my surprise， I secured my first role.
Once I was in the database， I got offered roles every now and then. I really started enjoying the Chinese soap operas. As the shows helped me to better understand the Chinese family and the relationships between young people in China， I realized I was able to have deeper conversations with my Chinese friends.
And so I discovered that dubbing is not a job that stays in the office； it becomes part of you. Not only because of what other people think， but because of what you share with the character. When my character once believed her mother had killed herself， I couldn’t help crying. I left the studio and immediately called my mom， and I believe that was the nicest call I ever made to her. This might sound silly， I know， but I will miss "her". Our one-way relationship was as fictional as she was， but the emotions were real.
本文主要讲述了作者作为一个法国人在中国的配音经历。
1. Why have dubbing jobs in China increased quickly？
A. China has various cultures to record.
B. China has set up many cultural companies.
C. China has developed very fast in recent years.
D. China encourages TV shows to spread its culture.
解析 D 细节理解题。通过文章第二段"China has put a lot of effort into sharing its culture with the world. Chinese movies and TV shows have been translated into various languages. As a result， dubbing（配音） jobs in China have increased greatly over the years"可知，配音工作在中国迅速增加是因为中国鼓励电视节目传播其文化，故选D项。
2. What does the underlined word "fraud" in paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. Actress. B.Cheater.
C. Foreigner. D. Director.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由"I pretended to know how to dub "和"I didn’t speak Chinese， so how could I know when a sentence ended？"可推知，fraud和cheater意义一致，故选B项。
3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？
A. The author’s Chinese friends helped her a lot.
B. Soap operas spread Chinese culture widely.
C. Dubbing in soap operas helped the author a lot.
D. The author liked Chinese soap operas very much.
解析 C 段落大意题。通读文章第四段可知，本段主要讲了在肥皂剧中配音对作者帮助很大，故选C项。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text？
A. My dubbing experience in China
B. Dubbing， an interesting job
C. Dubbing in China
D. My first success
解析 A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者作为一个法国人在中国的配音经历，故选A项。
二、完形填空
[中华文化/2023山东泰安一模]Wu Ming， a young German born after 1995， is a big fan of Chinese culture. As he thought some diseases can’t be treated 1 with Western medicine， he decided to 2 traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In 2015， Wu came to Henan Province， where a strong TCM culture can be 3 . After a year of learning， he 4 the language barrier and started to learn TCM. Wu always 5 some Chinese herbal medicines himself to know their flavours and effects， just like Shen Nong， a character in Chinese legend. In Wu’s opinion， TCM is one of the best-preserved 6 of Chinese culture.
Studying TCM also 7 Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used to be 8 to electronic devices， playing video games every night. Instead of being trapped in the fast-paced but unhealthy daily 9 ， he now lives a（n） 10 and peaceful life， practicing good habits like drinking tea and reading.
Wu 11 what he has learned to help his family. He always provides his family members with some advice about staying fit after 12 their skin or tongues online. Over time， his family gradually began to understand his 13 for TCM.
Wu thinks there’s no big difference between China and Western countries. " 14 comes from being out of touch，" said Wu. He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic in Germany， which could serve as a 15 between the two countries.
本文主要讲述了德国人无名在中国学习中医并打算学成之后回国开设中医馆的故事。
1. A. immediately B. gradually
C. thoroughly D. consistently
解析 C 由于他认为有些疾病不能用西医彻底治愈，他决定钻研中医，故选C。
2. A. depend on B. dig into
C. look up D. work out
解析 B 参见上题解析。dig into钻研。
3. A. created B. enjoyed
C. advanced D. acknowledged
解析 B 2015年，无名来到河南，在那里他可以尽情享受浓厚的中医文化，故选B。
4.A. overcame B. seized
C. divided D. shifted
解析 A 经过一年的学习，他克服了语言障碍，开始学习中医，故选A。
5. A. raised B. sorted
C. cooked D.tasted
解析 D 无名总是亲自品尝一些中草药，以了解它们的味道和功效，就像中国传说中的神农一样，故选D。
6.A. aspects B. standards
C. themes D. means
解析 A 在无名看来，中医是中国文化保存最完好的方面之一，故选A。
7. A. enriched B. secured
C. expanded D. changed
解析 D 学习中医也改变了无名的思想和生活方式，故选D。
8. A. exposed B. reduced
C. restricted D. addicted
解析 D 他过去沉迷于电子设备，每天晚上都玩电子游戏，故选D。
9. A. business B. recreation
C. routine D. task
解析 C 他不再被困于快节奏但不健康的生活方式，现在过着平衡且平静的生活，养成了喝茶和阅读等好习惯，故选C。
10.A. balanced B. wealthy
C. humble D. efficient
解析 A 参见上题解析。balanced平衡的。
11. A. employs B. promotes
C. outlines D. conveys
解析 A 无名利用他所学到的中医知识帮助家人保持健康，故选A。
12. A. scanning B. checking
C. exploring D. comparing
解析 B 他总是在网上检查家人的皮肤和舌苔后，给他们一些保持健康的建议，故选B。
13. A. concern B. wish
C. demand D.passion
解析 D 随着时间的推移，他的家人逐渐开始理解他对中医的热爱，故选D。
14.A. Misunderstanding B. Destruction
C. Stress D. Failure
解析 A 无名说："误解源自不沟通。"故选A。
15. A. source B. basis
C. bridge D. tool
解析 C 他计划在德国开一家中国传统诊所，该诊所可作为两国之间的桥梁，故选C。
三、语法填空
[文化传播/2023广东深圳一调]For Greek photographer George Doupas， Beijing is home now. During the past decade， he has been photographing the city， capturing its beauty 1 sharing the photos online and in exhibitions.
"This2 （true） represents Beijing — the old and the new， nicely mixing together，" Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple， a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It 3 （locate） in front of a modern office building， Galaxy Soho， which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways.
With rich historical heritage， Beijing4 （be）an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets 5 （lose） in the city’s splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile， he is also amazed by the modern city 6 （combine） high-end businesses and various industries. "It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past， which is 7 I decided to pursue my career here，" he said.
Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China， hoping to serve as8 bridge between China and the West. The 9 （display） in Greece and the Czech Republic that showed his photos about Beijing attracted a large audience.
"I call Beijing my home now，" he said. "I’ll keep sharing photos of China 10 the rest of the world."
在北京生活多年的希腊摄影师George Doupas通过自己的照片向西方介绍中国，他也愿意继续充当中国与西方的桥梁。
1.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词连接capturing its beauty和sharing the photos online and in exhibitions，意为"和"，所以空处填and。
2.truly 考查副词。空处所填词修饰动词represents，应用副词，所以空处填truly。
3.is located 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作主句的谓语。此处表示客观事实，时态用一般现在时；be located in意为"坐落于，位于"；主语It为第三人称单数，所以空处填is located。
4.has been 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所填词作谓语。结合时间状语since the Ming Dynasty可知，时态用现在完成时；主语Beijing为第三人称单数，所以空处填has been。
5.lost 考查形容词。固定表达get lost in...意为"沉浸于……"。
6.combining考查非谓语动词。空处所填词为非谓语动词，combine与the modern city之间是主谓关系，非谓语表示被限定事物长久的特征，所以空处填combining。
7.why 考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导表语从句，表示"为什么"，所以空处填why。
8.a 考查冠词。此处表泛指，且bridge的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。
9.displays 考查名词的数。所填词表示复数意义，所以空处填displays。
10.with 考查介词。share...with...意为"与……分享……"。Unit 5 First Aid
一、阅读理解
A
Frightened. That was how I felt that Monday morning when my marine（海洋的） science students came into class and began encouraging one of their classmates to tell what had happened at the beach the day before.
Although each of my students had received a PADI（the Professional Association of Diving Instructors） Open Water Diver certification as part of our marine science program， I was frozen in fear and wondering what had happened at the beach. Once certified， my students began to use their new diving skills to carry out underwater research projects on the coral reefs（珊瑚礁） near our island. Being islanders surrounded by water， my students are taught that the ocean is not a dangerous place， but can be very unforgiving to those who make mistakes. In this case， my first thoughts were for their safety and well-being. I did a quick head count. They were all in class with all their parts in place. I became less afraid and more curious about what had happened. But I was wholly unprepared for the story they told.
A three-year-old boy playing in the water near the shore was about to sink. His family members and beachgoers rushed to help， carrying the boy to the beach， but no one was sure what to do next. One of my students was at the beach that day and rushed over to help. She had taken a first-aid course that I’d taught as an after-school program. She began CPR（心肺复苏） and asked others to call 911. By the time doctors arrived， the child was able to breathe in his mother’s arms.
As teachers， we know children learn through our energy and effort. They become interested. Some find their passions and go after their dreams. In this way we know we have the power to change lives. I’d add that once in a while we have the power to save a life.
本文是记叙文。作者的一名学生在海边偶遇一个孩子溺水，她运用学过的急救知识对他进行救助，最终挽救了孩子的生命。
【词语积累】 unforgiving adj.难应付的，棘手的；不宽容的
head count人数统计，点人数
go after力求，谋求；追赶，跟着
1. Why did the author feel afraid on Monday morning？
A. A student told a frightening story.
B. Some students failed to come to class.
C. A student had an accident on the beach.
D. He thought something bad had happened.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第二段中的"... I was frozen in fear and wondering what had happened at the beach"和"Being islanders surrounded by water， my students are taught that the ocean is not a dangerous place， but can be very unforgiving to those who make mistakes. In this case， my first thoughts were for their safety and well-being. I did a quick head count. They were all in class with all their parts in place. I became less afraid and more curious about what had happened"不难推知，作者应该是担心学生发生了不好的事情，故本题选D。
2. What did the author do on the island？
A. Conduct research into coral reefs.
B. Educate students in marine science.
C. Improve islanders’ health and safety.
D. Give the locals guidance on first aid.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"my marine（海洋的） science students"和第二段中的"Although each of my students... as part of our marine science program"可知，作者在岛上主要教授学生海洋科学方面的知识，故选B。
3. How did the author’s student behave on the beach？
A. Calmly and skillfully.
B. Normally and considerately.
C. Generously and sympathetically.
D. Naturally and knowledgeably.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第三段中的"but no one was sure what to do next... rushed over to help"以及"She began CPR（心肺复苏） and asked others to call 911"可推断出，在面对突发情况时这名学生非常冷静；由第三段中的"By the time doctors arrived， the child was able to breathe in his mother’s arms"可知，这名学生对溺水孩子的急救很成功，由此可推断出这名学生急救技巧很熟练。综上可知，A项正确。
4. What does the text mainly talk about？
A. A marine science student saved a boy.
B. The major of marine science.
C. The sea can be really dangerous.
D. The importance of first aid.
解析 A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一名海洋科学专业的学生救了一个溺水小孩的故事，故选A。
B
[2023重庆三测]Sydney Raley has been working at a fast food restaurant for about seven months and it’s been her typical after-school job. When she headed into her weekend shift on Saturday， December 18， she likely expected to do more of the same： Stand at the drive-through window， take orders over the headset， and hand each customer their meal with a smile.
In fact， that was exactly how it started. But a few hours into her shift， things took a dramatic turn. After handing a customer some of their food， Sydney let the customer know that more would be coming as soon as it was ready. But just seconds later， she noticed a terrible look of panic spread across the woman’s face. Then came the coughing. She was coughing like crazy. Her daughter in the passenger seat looked terrified.
Sydney immediately knew she was choking. For an instant， Sydney remembered the first-aid training she had received more than four years earlier. Most 15-year-olds might panic at the sight of this（even most adults might， too）. But not Sydney. Instead， the teen remained calm and quickly shouted at both her manager and the woman’s daughter to call 911. Then， she jumped through the drive-through window and came to the rescue.
The teen flung the driver’s side door open and got the choking woman to her feet. Then she began to use the Heimlich maneuver（海姆立克急救法）. However， she had never actually had to use the life-saving technique before， and after a few tries， it wasn’t quite working. Luckily， another customer was just a few feet away in the parking lot. She shouted for help， hoping that another person’s strength combined with hers would help force whatever was in the woman’s mouth to finally come out. Next， a man who heard the call for help ran over and started using the Heimlich maneuver. Fortunately， it worked and the woman spat out the food stuck in her throat. Needless to say， the woman was very grateful. Just as she began to catch her breath， first responders arrived on the scene， and when officers asked what happened， she told them all about Sydney’s heroic act. "They said，‘Congratulations， you’re a lifesaver； you’re a hero.’" Sydney recalled.
Sydney Raley在一家快餐店做兼职。有一天，一名顾客在候餐时突然被噎住，最终她在Sydney等人及时的救助下脱离了危险。
1. What can we learn about Sydney from the first two paragraphs？
A. She was patient and confident.
B. She was kind and knowledgeable.
C. She was hard-working and careful.
D. She was generous and warm-hearted.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段的"When she headed...with a smile"可知，Sydney在12月18日星期六上班时，希望做更多相同的事情：站在免下车窗口，通过耳机接单，微笑着把每一位顾客的饭菜递给他们。由此可知，Sydney工作很勤奋。由第二段的"But just seconds later， she noticed a terrible look of panic spread across the woman’s face"可知，就在几秒钟后，她注意到一种可怕的恐慌表情在那个女人的脸上蔓延。由此可知，Sydney很细心，故选C。
2. Where was the woman customer when she got choked？
A. She was in her car.
B. She was on the street.
C. She was in a restaurant.
D. She was in the parking lot.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段的"Her daughter in the passenger seat looked terrified"和第四段的"The teen flung the driver’s side door...her feet"可知，女顾客被噎的时候在车里，故选A。
3. What does the underlined word "flung" in the last paragraph probably mean？
A. Slipped gently.
B. Pulled violently.
C. Threw suddenly.
D. Ran slowly.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由第四段的"the driver’s side door open""got the choking woman to her feet"和常识可知，此处是指用力猛地拉开驾驶座的门，故选B。
4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us？
A. What happened to the woman.
B. How to do the Heimlich maneuver.
C. Why to use the Heimlich maneuver.
D. How the choked woman was rescued.
解析 D 段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要讲述被噎住的女士是如何被救的，故选D。
二、七选五
[2024安徽皖江名校阶段考]Basic first aid allows you to quickly determine a person’s physical condition and the correct course of treatment. 1 But following correct first aid procedures can be the difference between life and death.
2 Are there things that might put you at risk of harm？ Are you or the victim threatened by fire， gasses， an unstable building， live electrical wires， or another dangerous condition？ Do not rush into a situation where you could end up as a victim yourself.
Call for help. 3 If someone is with you or approaches， instruct them to call the authorities and be prepared to relay information to them so they can update the responders. It is not recommended that you leave the victim unless required， but put them in the recovery position if you need to leave them for any reason.
Care for the person. Caring for someone who has just gone through serious hurts includes both physical treatment and emotional support. Remember to stay calm and try to put them at ease. Let the person know that help is on its way and that everything will be alright. 4
Stop the bleeding first. After you have established that the victim is breathing and has a pulse， your next priority should be to control any bleeding. 5 Use direct pressure on a wound before trying any other method of managing to bleed.
A. Check the surroundings.
B. Provide first aid for a broken bone.
C. Do so before you begin assisting the victim.
D. You should always seek professional medical help as soon as you are able to.
E. Other ways to comfort the victim include asking for their name， or their interests.
F. Control of bleeding is one of the most important things you can do to save a victim.
G. Anyone who has suffered a severe injury or life-threatening situation is at risk for shock.
本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了如何正确实施急救措施。
1.D D项与"But following correct first aid procedures can be the difference between life and death"之间构成转折关系，故选D。
2.A A项放在此处能充当第二段的主题句。
3.C 结合常识可知，在施救之前应先打电话求救，故选C项，C项中的Do so指的便是打电话求救。
4.E E项与"Let the person know that help is on its way and that everything will be alright"并列，二者说的都是put them at ease的方法。
5.F 最后一段说的是止血，F项与此吻合。
三、完形填空
[2023河南许平汝名校模拟改编]It was at a lively coming-back-to-school celebration in Rockwall， Texas. Cheerleader Tyra Winters was 1 waving at the crowds from one of the floats（花车） as it slowly 2 its way down the street. All of a sudden， a 3 came from the crowds. Looking down， Winters saw a little boy on the sidewalk struggling for air， while his 4 mother was begging for help.
"I 5 a little bright red face，" Winters later told KTVT. "There was no coughing. There was no 6 ."
The boy had been licking a piece of candy when it slid down his throat and 7 his windpipe. No one seemed to know how to help， except for Winters， a senior with the dream of becoming a doctor. She had taken the 8 related to first aid.
Knowing that 9 was running out， she jumped off the float and ran to the 10 . By the time she got to him， his face had turned purple. She took the boy from his mother， held him face down on her knee and gave him three hard pushes on the 11 .
Soon， the boy coughed up the piece of candy， and began breathing again. Without a（n） 12 ， Winters handed him back to his mother and ran back to her float. It all happened so fast that the mother never had time to thank the teenager.
"She didn’t 13 to，" says Winters. "I knew her 14 . I saw her tears. I saw her face."
"I don’t really have any words. I just stood there 15 ，" says the boy’s mother. "The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you are ‘Thank you’. But they don’t seem good enough."
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了高中生Tyra Winters救了一个小男孩的故事。
1.A. sleepily B. angrily
C. impatiently D.enthusiastically
解析 D 啦啦队队长泰拉·温特斯在一辆花车上热情地（enthusiastically）向人群挥手，花车慢慢地沿着街道行驶。 sleepily困倦地，angrily生气地，impatiently不耐烦地。
2.A. built B. made
C. chose D. lost
解析 B 参见上题解析。make one’s way意为"前进，向前"。
3.A. fire B. ball
C. scream D. flower
解析 C 突然，人群中传来一声尖叫（scream）。
4.A. frightened B. excited
C. annoyed D. satisfied
解析 A 向下一看，温特斯看到一个小男孩在人行道上挣扎着呼吸，而他吓坏了的（frightened）母亲正在乞求帮助。
5.A. missed B. drew
C. saw D. imagined
解析 C 温特斯看到（saw）一张通红的小脸。saw与前边的Looking down对应。
6.A. laughing B.breathing
C. dancing D. praising
解析 B 由下文中的began breathing again可知，本题选B。
7.A. blocked B. blew
C. washed D. dried
解析 A 那个男孩一直在舔一块糖果，突然糖果滑进了他的喉咙，堵住（blocked）了他的气管。
8.A. consequence B.course
C. benefit D. difficulty
解析 B 她上过与急救有关的课程（course）。
9.A. money B. water
C. time D. blood
解析 C 知道时间（time）不多了，她从花车上跳下来，跑向那个男孩子。
10.A. hospital B. doctor
C. school D. child
解析 D 参见上题解析。
11.A. face B.back
C. stomach D. chest
解析 B 她把男孩从他母亲手里抱过来，把他脸朝下放在自己的膝盖上，在他的背（back）上狠狠地推了三下。
12.A. word B. wave
C. argument D. apology
解析 A 温特斯没说一句话（word），把男孩交还给他母亲，然后跑回她的花车上。
13.A. want B. try
C. hope D. need
解析 D 她不需要（need）这么做。
14.A. feeling B. saying
C. waiting D. cooking
解析 A 我知道她的感受（feeling）。我看到了她的眼泪。我看到了她的脸。
15.A. heartbroken B.speechless
C. awake D. stressed
解析 B 我只是站在那儿，什么也没说（speechless）。Unit 1 Science and Scientists
一、阅读理解
A
Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area’s environmental health. They’re measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. "We are counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony（聚居地）， producing young animals every year， and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions，" said Alex Borowicz， an ecology researcher at New York’s Stony Brook University.
The work is not easy for climate researchers in the icy， faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals — they nest on land. And their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background.
Michael Wethington， another researcher from Stony Brook， told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the area’s whole ecosystem.
The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
Gentoo penguins prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century， gentoo populations moved south. "Gentoo penguins don’t like sea ice，" David Ainley， a biologist who has been studying penguins for more than 50 years， told Reuters. "They mostly search for food over the continental shelf（大陆架） and don’t go far out to sea."
As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adélie penguin species. This is because they depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction（繁殖）. "When we find Adélie penguins， we typically know sea ice is nearby，" Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing， they also see Adélie penguin populations drop sharply.
气候变化一直以来都是人们普遍关注的问题。科学家从未放松对气候变化的研究。一些科学家通过对南极洲企鹅进行观察来研究南极洲的气候变化。
1. Why did the researchers choose penguins as their research subject？
A. Because their colony is in good condition.
B. Because Antarctica has a large population of penguins.
C. Because they are easier to follow and identified than other animals.
D. Because their number changes sharply with the environmental conditions.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals — they nest on land. And their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background"可知，研究人员之所以选择企鹅是因为它们更易于跟踪和辨认，故本题选C项。
2. What does the underlined word "picture" in Para. 4 probably mean？
A. Photo. B. Future.
C. Prediction. D.Situation.
解析 D 词义猜测题。结合关键性信息counts of individual penguins，data from satellite images，the animals are progressing以及常识我们不难推知，研究人员通过不同手段收集有关企鹅的各种信息，无非是想对企鹅这一动物族群的"发展状况"有一个更为全面的了解，那么picture在意义上与situation最为接近，故本题选D项。
3.What can we infer about Adélie penguins from the last paragraph？
A. They feed on ice and bring up their babies on ice too.
B. They compete for food and space with gentoo penguins.
C. They are responsible for the decrease or disappearance of ice.
D. They won’t live in the west of the Antarctic Peninsula in great numbers.
解析 D 推理判断题。由"This is because they depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction（繁殖）"可知，Adélie penguins对海冰依赖性很强。再由"As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adélie penguin species"可知，南极半岛西侧海冰数量减少，那里的环境条件自然不会适合Adélie penguins大量生存繁衍。综上可知，本题选D项。
4. Which is the best title for this text？
A. Climate Change Has Put Penguins in Danger
B. Scientists Use Penguins to Study Antarctic Climate Change
C. The Present Living Conditions for Penguins in Antarctica
D. Sea Ice Has Different Influences on Gentoo Penguins and Adélie Penguins
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文我们不难发现，文章首句是整篇文章的主题句，指明了文章的主要内容：科学家借助企鹅来研究南极洲的气候变化，故B项做文章的标题最佳。
B
[科技创新/2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]Personalized medicine changes conventional medicine， which typically offers blanket recommendations and offers treatments designed to help more people than they harm but that might not work for you. The approach recognizes we each possess unique characteristics， and that they have an outsize impact on our health.
Around the world， researchers are creating precision tools unimaginable just a decade ago： superfast DNA sequencing（测序）， tissue engineering， cell reprogramming， gene editing， and more. The science and technology soon will make it possible to predict your risk of cancer， heart disease， and countless other illnesses years before you get sick. The work also offers prospects for changing genes in removing some diseases.
Last spring， researchers at the National Cancer Institute reported the dramatic recovery of a woman with breast cancer， Judy Perkins. The team， led by Steven Rosenberg， an immune（免疫的） treatment pioneer， had sequenced her cancer cells’ DNA to analyze the changes in the genetic structure. The team also extracted a sampling of immune cells and tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells’ genetic faults. The scientists reproduced the winning immune cells by the billions and put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells. More than two years later， Perkins， a retired engineer from Florida， shows no signs of cancer.
Thirty years ago， scientists thought that it would be impossible to understand our genetic rules and sequence the 3.2 billion pairs of different elements in our DNA. "It was like you were talking fairy tales，" RazelleKurzrock said. "The conventional wisdom was that it would never happen. Never！ And then in 2003， never was over."
It took the Human Genome Project 13 years， roughly one billion dollars， and scientists from six countries to sequence the first draft of the human genome. Today sequencing costs about a thousand dollars. The latest machines can produce the results in a day. The technology， combined with advanced cell analysis， clarifies the astonishing biochemical variations that make every human body unique.
个性化医疗正在改变常规医疗，基因测序技术的应用便是其具体表现。
【词语积累】 personalized adj.为某人特制（或特设）的 prospect n.可能性，希望；预期，展望；前景 sampling n.抽样，取样
【熟词生义】 blanket常用义：n.毯子；毛毯 文中义：adj.包括所有情形（或人员）的，总括的，综合的
1. What can we know about personalized medicine？
A. It has emerged a decade before.
B. It offers blanket recommendations.
C. It uses genetic information to help patients.
D. It administers treatment intended for most people.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第三段的例子可知，个性化医疗利用基因信息帮助病人，故选C项。
2.Which best describes those precision tools？
A. Promising.
B. Highly risky.
C. Fruitless.
D. Strictly confidential.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段中的"The science and technology soon...in removing some diseases"可推知，精密工具很有前景，故选A项。
3.What happened in the process of treating Judy Perkins’ breast cancer？
A. Sequencing her immune cells.
B. Reprogramming her cancer cells.
C. Analysis of her lifestyle changes.
D. Identification of cancer-fighting cells.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第三段中的"The team also...tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells’ genetic faults...put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells"可知，研究人员确认了抗癌细胞，故选D项。
4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about sequencing？
A. Its recent advances.
B. Its wide applications.
C. Its major disadvantages.
D. Its attractive prospects.
解析 A 段落大意题。由最后一段中今昔情况的对比可以看出，本段主要讲了基因测序的最新进展，故选A项。
二、完形填空
[2024河北沧州质量检测]Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventurers in 1912. His travels in the frozen continent brought him worldwide 1 . In December of that year， Mawson and two other 2 left the main base at Commonwealth Bay， 3 a 300-mile exploration into the central part of the continent to gather scientific data and samples. 4 followed.
One of the men， a young British soldier named Belgrave Ninnis， 5 down an open crack on a sledge， along with several of their best dogs and many of the team’s supplies， dead. For several weeks， the two others， 6 with scurvy（坏血病） and other 7 ， struggled to return to camp， keeping living first on the 8 dogs， then on starvation food. 9 ， Xavier Mertz， a Swiss mountaineer and skiing champion， died from exhaustion， starvation and possible poisonousness from eating dogs’ livers.
10 to return with the research data， Mawson 11 the elements for 30 days. Finally he returned to the 12 in February of 1913， extremely thin， frost-bitten and exhausted — only to 13 he had missed the ship rescuing the rest of the 14 by hours. Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist， he was knighted（封爵） in 1914. In addition to his other 15 ， Mawson edited and contributed to the 22-volume ReportsofAustralasianAntarcticExpeditions.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mawson和另外两名探险者进行南极大陆中部探险时遇险，Mawson挣扎着生存下来，并将研究数据成功带回的故事。
1. A. praise B. trust
C. worry D. criticism
解析 A 由"Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist， he was knighted （封爵） in 1914"可知，Mawson的探险受到了世界的赞誉，故选A。
2. A. celebrities B. explorers
C. athletes D. astronomers
解析 B 由"Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventures in 1912"可知，本题选B。
3. A. putting off B. showing off
C. kicking off D. letting off
解析 C 此处说的是开始了对南极大陆中部的探索，故选C。
4. A. Wonders B. Bonuses
C. Fortune D.Tragedy
解析 D 由"... 5 down an open crack on a sledge， along with several of their best dogs and many of the team’s supplies， dead. For several weeks， the two others 6 with scurvy（坏血病）..."可知，开始探索之行后灾难随之而来，故选D。
5. A. took B.fell
C. looked D. wandered
解析 B Belgrave Ninns掉进了一个裂缝中，故选B。
6. A. adjusted B. circulated
C. infected D. confused
解析 C 另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回营地，他们先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠抗饥饿的食物活着，故选C。
7. A. cures B. disabilities
C. errors D. illnesses
解析 D 参见上题解析。illness 疾病。
8. A. remaining B. wild
C. fierce D. hunting
解析 A 参见第6题解析。remaining剩下的。
9.A. Ultimately B. Nevertheless
C. Temporarily D. Meanwhile
解析 A 此处说的是"最终来自瑞士的Xavier Mertz死于疲劳、饥饿……"，故选A。
10. A. Discouraged B. Relieved
C. Determined D. Frightened
解析 C Mawson决心带着研究数据回去，故选C。
11. A. combined B. battled
C. contained D. introduced
解析 B Mawson决心带着研究数据回去，与恶劣的天气抗争了30天，故选B。
12. A. center B. normal
C. base D. campus
解析 C 最后，他在1913年2月回到基地（base）——骨瘦如柴、冻伤满布且疲惫不堪——但却发现（discover）错过了营救其他成员（crew）的船好几个小时。
13. A. predict B. discover
C. complain D. explain
解析 B 参见上题解析。
14. A. passengers B. witnesses
C. rescuers D.crew
解析 D 参见第12题解析。
15.A. achievements B. references
C. services D. subjects
解析 A 所填词指的是Mawson取得的成就，故选A。
三、语法填空
[科技创新/2023新疆乌鲁木齐一模]Over the past few years， scientists 1 （develop） a new artificial intelligence technology that can detect whether someone is lying through analyzing the muscles in his face.
Patches（贴片） placed on a person’s face detect muscle activity and then the machine learning technology is used. The machine is able 2 （calculate） whether or not the person is telling lies. 3 （invent） by Yael Hanein at Tel Aviv University in Israel， the machine showed an impressive success rate： 73 percent， implying it can catch liars with ease.
How would our facial expressions give 4 our lies？ According to researchers from the University of British Columbia， Canada， some of the muscles in our faces change "behavior" when we are lying. Liars 5 （usual） raise their eyebrows. They also blink a lot and hold 6 （they） eyes closed longer.
7 （close） the eyes is a way to buy time for the liars so that they can better perfect their stories.
Liars often blush（脸红）. Blood flows into the cheeks as they become nervous about the 8 （true） possibly being revealed.
Liars also have fake smiles.9 real smile often causes the eyes to light up or become smaller. This is because more muscles are used 10 we are happy. A fake smile is often accompanied by "dead" eyes instead.
科学家们开发了一种新的人工智能技术，可以通过分析人脸上的肌肉来判断某人是否在说谎。
1.have developed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语Over the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时；主语scientists与develop之间为主谓关系，故填have developed。
2.to calculate 考查非谓语动词。固定短语be able to do sth.表示"能够做某事"，故填to calculate。
3.Invented 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处应填非谓语动词。动词invent与the machine之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语动作已完成，故用过去分词形式Invented。
4.away 考查固定搭配。give away表示"泄露，暴露"。
5.usually 考查副词。所填词修饰动词，故应用副词作状语，所以填usually。
6.their 考查形容词性物主代词。所填词修饰名词eyes，应用形容词性物主代词their。
7.Closing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句有系动词is，故is前的部分为主语。此处表示主动关系和一般性行为，故填Closing。
8.truth 考查名词。空处应填名词truth（事实，真相）。
9.A 考查冠词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用冠词。此处表示泛指，且real的发音以辅音音素开头，故填A。
10.when/if 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词。再结合句意可知，空处可以用when引导时间状语从句；空处也可以用if引导条件状语从句。
