Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
一、阅读理解
A
[2023昆明"三诊一模"质量检测]A dad says he’s built a special bond with his two-year-old daughter after running a series of long-distance races with her strapped（用带子系好） to his back.
Chris Greenbank， 36， a stonemason（石匠） from Stockport， Greater Manchester， even managed to complete a half marathon carrying the youngster in a special hiking carrier.
The single father， who suffered from anxiety in the past， has been raising money for mental health support group Project 23. The group， which helps people with anxiety and mental health problems， was set up by Chris’s friend Mark Sproston.
Chris’s latest race， Run North West’s Festive 10K in Cheshire， was his fourth race and he says， possibly their last， as the kid may be too heavy soon. Besides， Chris had been a little worried if the weather would be too chilly for his daughter. "No matter how difficult it is， I want to get us both a festive New Year medal before it gets too cold，" he added. "We have four medals now and we have run 51km in total."
In October， Chris took just under three hours to complete the Manchester Half Marathon with his daughter on his back. The dad says his little girl rested her hand on his shoulder and kept it there for the whole duration of the run. He said， "Our bond isn’t something you can even put into words. My heart is full."
Chris， who says exercise is an important part of positive mental health， believes there should be no reason why people can’t exercise because they have kids.
The pair also ran the Wilmslow 10K in July this year and Chester Zoo 10K in October. Chris says of his daughter， "She loves it， and they are like mini adventures."
本文主要讲述了一位曾患有焦虑症的单身父亲Chris背着女儿参加马拉松比赛的故事。他与女儿之间建立起一个特殊的感情纽带。
【词语积累】 bond n.纽带，联系
suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨；遭受，蒙受 raise v.筹募
【长难句解读】 Chris，who says exercise is an importantpart of positive mental health，
believes there should be noreason {why people can’t exercise （because they havekids）}.
译文：Chris认为人们不应该把有孩子当成不能运动的理由。他说，锻炼是积极心理健康的一个重要部分。
1. What can we know about Project 23？
A. It was founded by Chris Greenbank.
B. It has organized 4 marathon events.
C. It helps people with psychological problems.
D. It offers medical care to the disabled.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"The group， which helps people with anxiety and mental health problems， was set up by Chris’s friend Mark Sproston"可知，本题选C项。
2. Why did Chris run the marathon in Cheshire with his daughter？
A. To show the public his running skills.
B. To win a medal for their New Year.
C. To raise money for his serious illness.
D. To develop his habit of doing sports.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第四段中的"No matter how difficult it is， I want to get us both a festive New Year medal before it gets too cold"可知，B项正确。
3. Which of the following words can best describe Chris？
A. Caring and loving.
B. Frank but demanding.
C. Ambitious and particular.
D. Generous and outgoing.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第三段中的"The single father， who suffered from anxiety in the past， has been raising money for mental health support group Project 23"和第四段中的"Besides， Chris had been a little worried if the weather would be too chilly for his daughter. ‘No matter how difficult it is， I want to get us both a festive New Year medal before it gets too cold，’..."可知，A项正确。
4. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text？
A. To introduce ways to relieve anxiety.
B. To show training methods of running.
C. To involve readers in charity activities.
D. To share a story of a father and a daughter.
解析 D 意图推断题。由第一段中的"A dad says he’s built a special bond with his two-year-old daughter after running a series of long-distance races with her strapped（用带子系好） to his back"以及下文中讲述的Chris背着女儿参加一系列比赛的情况可知，作者写本文的目的是分享一对父女的故事，故D项正确。
B
[体育精神/2023安徽宣城二调]On February 13， 2023， Wu Yibing made history， beating John Isner in a thrilling three-set final at the Dallas Open to become the first man from China to win an ATP Tour title.
Brought to a tennis court for the first time at just five， initially encouraged by his parents to do the exercise to lose weight， Wu soon had his talent discovered by his provincial junior team， kicking off a journey that would change the fate of men’s tennis in China.In 2017，Wu rose to prominence after winning the US Open boys’ tournament at 18 to become the first Chinese to win a major junior title， raising high hopes for the "Wonder Boy" to change the fortune of Chinese men in a sport long dominated by women’s success on the professional stage.
In 2018，Wu won his first ATP Challenger title in Shanghai.However， the highly competitive nature of men’s professional tennis hit the rising Wu with a tough reminder after multiple injuries — to his elbow， lower back， shoulder and wrist — and forced him to be away from the ATP Tour for close to three years.
He made his return last year and won three ATP Challenger titles before qualifying for the US Open. "Looking back， I feel like I wouldn’t have been here if it hadn’t been for the ups and downs over the past few years. I take all the setbacks and struggles as a lesson that helps me mature mentally now，"said Wu."Of course there were a lot of doubts because I had surgery and the recovery wasn’t going well. The championship today was a payoff for all the hard work and everyone who’s supported me along the way."
2023年2月13日，吴易昺在达拉斯男子网球公开赛中击败了约翰·伊斯内尔，成为第一个赢得ATP巡回赛单打冠军的中国人。
【词语积累】 kick off开始 qualify for...取得……资格 setback n.挫折，阻碍 surgery n.外科手术 payoff n.回报
【长难句解读】 Brought to a tennis court for the first time， at just five initially encouraged
by his parents to do theexercise to lose weight， Wu soon had his talent discovered by his
provincial junior team，kicking off a journey （that would change the fate of men’s tennis in
China）.
译文：吴易昺在仅五岁时第一次被带到网球场，最初父母鼓励他打网球减肥。很快省青年队发现了他的天赋，他也就此开启了一段将改变中国男子网球命运的旅程。
1. What do the underlined words "rose to prominence" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A. Lost weight.
B. Came back to the court.
C. Became famous instantly.
D. Dropped out of the competition.
解析 C 词义猜测题。结合画线短语后面的"after winning the...win a major junior title"和常识可推知，画线短语指的应是（因夺冠）成名。
2. Why was Wu absent from the ATP Tour for nearly three years？
A. He wanted to change his career.
B. He suffered from serious physical injuries.
C. He didn’t stand out in training for the match.
D. He couldn’t handle the pressure of the ATP Tour.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段中的"multiple injuries — to his elbow， lower back， shoulder and wrist — and forced him to be away from the ATP Tour for close to three years"可知，B项正确。
3. What can we learn from Wu Yibing’s statement？
A. No sweat， no sweet.
B. Time waits for no man.
C. Well begun is half done.
D. Strike while the iron is hot.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Looking back...ups and downs over the past few years. I take all the setbacks and struggles as a lesson that helps me mature..."和"The championship today was a payoff for all the hard work..."可知，吴易昺认为他的夺冠是对所有辛苦的回报，据此可以推断，A项正确。
4. What is the passage mainly about？
A. The significance of the ATP Tour title.
B. The development of Chinese tennis.
C. The power of difficulty for athletes.
D. The first Chinese male champion of the ATP Tour.
解析 D 主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要讲述了2023年2月13日创造历史，在达拉斯男子网球公开赛中击败了约翰·伊斯内尔，成为第一个赢得ATP巡回赛单打冠军的中国人吴易昺的故事，故D项正确。
二、七选五
[体育健康/2023沈阳质量监测三]Do you want to live a healthy lifestyle？ Practicing yoga is one of the best choices. Yoga has well-deserved fame for helping to improve balance and flexibility and to gain calm and relaxation. 1 . Here’s more about why doing yoga is a complete mind-body workout.
ReducingStress，ReducingPounds
Several studies have confirmed that doing yoga does reduce cortisol（皮质醇） levels. 2 . It can also increase your desire for high-fat and high-sugar foods and drinks while reducing your muscle mass.
3
In a 2016 study， participants involved in practicing yoga realized that they tended to notice the amount of foods they ate， what type of foods they ate and the impact of eating those foods as well. "Subjects reported becoming aware of the effect of certain foods on their bodies during their yoga practice， including sugar， dairy， meat and alcohol，" wrote the authors of the study.
MakingWeightLossLast
4 . This can be attained through improvements in sadness tolerance， mindfulness and self-sympathy. For example， if someone experiences improvements in mindfulness， they may be less likely to "mindlessly" eat in response to emotions such as boredom， stress， anger and other external stimulation like the presence of tasty foods.
ChoosingtheRightType
Ultimately， the best yoga is the practice that fits you — the one you’ll commit to. There are now many accessible styles of yoga that suit you no matter what your weight， age， physical quality or background is. 5 .
A. Finding the Best Food
B. Moving Well， Eating Well
C. Everybody and every body can benefit from a certain style
D. Yoga is also well-known for helping you burn more calories
E. High levels of cortisol， a stress hormone， can lead to an increase in fat
F. Another study shows that someone in a more positive mood is less likely to overeat
G. Recent research shows that yoga may help to improve long-term weight loss outcomes
想拥有健康的生活方式吗？练习瑜伽是最好的选择之一。
【词语积累】 flexibility n.灵活性，柔韧性 stimulation n.刺激 ultimately adv.最后
1.D D项中的is also well-known与空前句子中的has well-deserved fame相吻合。D项与空前的那一句子说的都是瑜伽的作用，故选D。
2.E E项中的cortisol与空前句子中的cortisol吻合，所以E项符合语境。
3.B B项涉及运动与饮食，能概括下面段落的主题。
4.G G项中的long-term weight loss与小标题MakingWeightLossLast相吻合。
5.C C项中的a certain style与小标题中的theRightType以及段落中的many accessible styles of yoga相吻合。
三、完形填空
[人生态度/]During the holiday season in 2015， Felicia Hall was battling depression. "I was unhappy， overeating fast food at night and not really caring for myself. I wasn’t physically 1 ， but always felt tired，" she says.
It wasn’t until New Year that Hall wanted to make a 2 . A friend recommended Daily Burn， a workout program， and she 3 to sign up. "I registered， though not believing I could keep on. I even set a 4 on the phone to cancel it before the free trial ended，" says Hall. "Within two weeks， I did not 5 . So I deleted the note."
The 6 gained from Daily Burn also got her running. "I love the sound of 7 my feet on the ground， knowing my body is 8 of doing that，" she says. Hall also 9 her late-night fast-food sessions and started cooking healthy meals. After five months， Hall lost 20 pounds — and gained a new 10 towards exercise， and towards life. She consistently 11 the Daily Burn community group for support. And she 12 started teaching group fitness classes in her hometown. 13 ， she learned the power of positive thought and self-belief. "To be physically able to exercise and continue to 14 with it — it’s an amazing gift，" she says. "People not experiencing it aren’t 15 what something like this can do for a person. It’s not just physical — it’s mental. It’s everything."
本文是记叙文，主要讲述了体育锻炼帮助Hall走出抑郁，让其找到自信并改变了她对人生的态度的故事。
【词语积累】 battle v.和……斗争 depression n.抑郁（症） sign up报名 trial n.（对能力、质量、性能等的）试验，试用 session n.一场，一节，一段时间 self-belief n.自信
1. A. strong B. attractive
C. active D. disabled
解析 C Hall不爱运动，但却总觉得很累。active表示"好动的，活跃的"，符合语境。
2. A. difference B.change
C. living D. deal
解析 B 此处指Hall想要作出改变（change），故选B。make a difference有作用，有影响；make a living谋生；make a deal达成交易。
3. A. continued B. managed
C. decided D. advised
解析 C 由下文中的"I registered..."可知，Hall决定（decided）报名。
4. A. reminder B. deadline
C. monitor D. timetable
解析 A 由下文中的"on the phone to cancel it before the free trial ended"和"I deleted the note"可知，Hall应是在手机上记了一个备忘录来提醒自己在免费试用结束前取消。reminder表示"起提醒作用的事物"，符合语境。deadline最后期限，截止日期；monitor监视器；timetable时间表，时间安排。
5. A. regret B. forget
C. hesitate D.withdraw
解析 D 由下文可知，Hall并没有退出（withdraw）。
6. A. confidence B. information
C. fame D. advice
解析 A 结合语境和四个选项可知，此处说的是"从Daily Burn获得的信心（confidence）还让Hall开始了跑步"。
7. A. laying B.hitting
C. resting D. beating
解析 B 由上文中的"running"及常识可知，此处指跑步时脚触碰地面的声音。hit表示"使（身体部位）碰上（某物）"，符合语境。
8. A. tired B. afraid
C. sure D.capable
解析 D 此处指Hall知道自己的身体还能够做到这一点。capable表示"有能力的"，符合语境。
9. A. cancelled B. enriched
C.rescheduled D. restored
解析 A 由下文中的"started cooking healthy meals"可知，Hall取消（cancelled）了夜间的快餐时间。enrich充实，使丰富；reschedule重新安排；restore恢复。
10. A. focus B. emphasis
C. attitude D. remark
解析 C 五个月后，Hall不仅减掉了20磅，而且对运动和生活也有了新的看法。attitude表示"态度，看法"，符合语境。focus关注，中心点；emphasis重视，强调；remark评论。
11. A. called up B. set up
C.appealed to D. turned to
解析 D Hall一直向Daily Burn社区小组寻求支持。turn to表示"向……求助（或寻求指教等）"，符合语境。
12. A. even B. still
C. ever D. almost
解析 A 由语境可知，此处指Hall甚至（even）开始在家乡教授集体健身课程。
13. A. By chance B. In fact
C. Above all D. At first
解析 C 最重要的是，她知道了乐观和自信的力量。above all表示"最重要的是"，符合语境。by chance偶然；in fact实际上，确切地说；at first起初。
14. A. practice B. combine
C. struggle D.grow
解析 D 结合上文提到的Hall在跟随Daily Burn一起运动之后身体和心理上的一些变化可知，此处指和它一起成长（grow）。
15. A. worried B. aware
C. satisfied D. afraid
解析 B 没有经历过的人不知道这样的事情会对一个人产生什么影响。aware表示"知道的，明白的"，符合语境。worried担忧的；satisfied满意的；afraid害怕。Unit 4 Natural Disasters
一、阅读理解
A
[自然灾害/]Yellowstone National Park withdrew more than 10，000 visitors after flash floods hit the park. Houses， roads and bridges were washed away， and the park’s gateway communities were cut off from roads. Even as scientists and land managers are shocked by the severe floods， unseen in 100 years of recorded history， they recognize the similarities to the events their data predicted. They just didn’t expect them to occur this year.
While it will take more research to confirm if climate change made this flood event more extreme， the2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessment predicts significant changes in precipitation（降水）， including when it will arrive and what form it will take. Scientists expect more spring rain and less winter snow. The assessment also predicts increasing annual precipitation in Yellowstone National Park.
Changes have been already documented in the assessment. Since 1950， spring precipitation in the region has increased by 17 percent in April and 23 percent in May. Snowfall has dwindled even though overall annual precipitation has increased. That means rather than a slow release of meltwater to valleys during the summer months， rainfall tends to combine with melting snow， causing riskier events like the recent flood.
June precipitation this year is now at more than 400 percent above average in the parts of Montana and Wyoming that include Yellowstone. And as temperatures rise， these rain-on-snow events are projected to become more frequent at higher elevations（海拔） in western North America， while lower snowpack will make them less frequent at low elevations.
Bruce Stein， chief scientist of the National Wildlife Federation， said several years before， when he trained Yellowstone employees for climate planning， they focused on the features that drew visitors to the park — like bison and wolves. Roads， bridges， and houses getting washed away were out of their consideration. "I think it’s urgent and necessary for the park to look ahead to plan for different situations that could possibly happen as the climate changes，" said Stein.
本文是说明文，主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水以及洪水产生的可能原因。
【词语积累】 withdraw v.使撤离 assessment n.评价，评估 document v.记录，记载（详情） snowpack n.积雪
【熟词生义】 1.flash常用义：v.（使）闪耀，闪光 n.闪光，闪光灯 文中义：adj.突发的
2.project常用义：n.项目，方案，工程 文中义：v.预测，预计，推想
【长难句解读】 While it will take more researchto confirm （ if climatechange madethis flood event more extreme），
the 2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificant changes in precipitation
（降水），including（when it will arrive） and （what form it will take）.
译文：虽然需要更多的研究来确认气候变化是否使这次洪水事件更加极端，但《2021大黄石地区气候评估报告》预测了降水的显著变化，包括降水的到来时间和形式。
1.What can we learn about the floods？
A. They were the most destructive in history.
B. They had been predicted with certainty.
C. They were worsened by changes in climate.
D. They were partly in line with scientists’ expectation.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"they recognize the similarities to the events their data predicted...this year"可知，洪灾与科学家们的预测是部分一致的，故选D。
2. What does the underlined word "dwindled" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Varied. B. Balanced.
C. Doubled. D. Declined.
解析 D 词义猜测题。由even though和has increased可推知，画线词意为"减少"，故选D。
3. What does Stein think the park should do next？
A. Take preventative measures.
B. Rebuild damaged structures.
C. Focus on its attractive features.
D. Receive training in climate planning.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段的"I think it’s urgent and necessary for the park ... as the climate changes"可知，Stein认为黄石国家公园必须向前看，为气候变化可能引发的不同情况做好计划，这是非常紧迫和必要的。也就是说，黄石国家公园应该做到防患于未然，故选A。
4. What is the best title for the text？
A. Yellowstone area： Is it more at risk of flood？
B. Yellowstone flooding： Why does it happen now？
C. Climate planning： Why is it important to Yellowstone？
D. Climate change： Does it mean more rain for Yellowstone？
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水及洪水产生的可能原因，B项更好地概括了文章的内容，做文章标题最佳。
B
[2023山东二模]It was a long weekend in May 2018 and my partner Gabe Rosescu and I were taking a road trip to go to Nelson， British Columbia and spend some time with our friends. It was our first trip together.
At around 5：30 p.m. on Thursday， May 17， we were driving about 11 miles west of Creston， on a steep mountain road known as the Crowsnest Highway. I was texting updates to my family and enjoying the view. We weren’t aware that there had recently been flooding in the area. When I looked up from my phone， I saw a wave of mud and a huge tree coming down the mountain， right in front of Gabe’s car. He tried to stop， but it was too late. The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300 meters down a rocky cliff （悬崖） and our car landed on its side among some trees.
I didn’t know how long we were unconscious. But the body is an amazing thing， and somehow we were both able to crawl（爬） out of the crashed car. We had no phone signal， so all we could do was shout for help. After just a few minutes， we heard someone call back. Four passers-by spotted us and came to our rescue. When the emergency medical technicians finally got to our side， they loaded us into separate ambulances. I was in the hospital for a week and a half， but they kept Gabe for six weeks. I was told I would walk with a limp（跛行） for the rest of my life； Gabe permanently lost the vision in his left eye.
Before all this happened， we were happy-go-lucky people. We’re even more sanguine now. We look at everything differently. Despite the injuries we suffered， we’re grateful that we’re still living a pretty good life.
本文是记叙文，主要讲述了作者与Gabe在开车去看朋友的路上遭遇泥流，被冲下悬崖，最终获救并积极面对人生的故事。
【词语积累】 come to sb.’s rescue前来营救某人 happy-go-lucky adj.无忧无虑的，乐天派的，逍遥自在的
【熟词生义】 1.update常用义：v.更新，使现代化 文中义：n.最新消息，最新进展
2.wave常用义：n.海浪，波浪，波涛 文中义：n.涌现的事物
3.send常用义：v.邮寄，发送 文中义：v.使快速（或猛然）移动
1. Why did the author and Gabe go to Nelson？
A. To go sightseeing.
B. To visit their friends.
C. To join in a road trip.
D. To look for adventure.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Gabe Rosescu and I were taking a road trip ... with our friends"可知，作者和Gabe开车去Nelson是为了与朋友共度时光，即拜访朋友，故B项正确。
2. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. How the trip was planned.
B. Which roads they kept to.
C. How the accident happened.
D. What could be seen on the way.
解析 C 段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知，本段主要交代了事故发生的时间、地点、原因和结果，故C项（事故是怎样发生的）最能概括段落的主要内容。
3. What can we learn about the author and Gabe？
A. They both lost their phones.
B. They were both seriously injured.
C. They tried their best to keep conscious.
D. They were sent to hospital by passers-by.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段中的"I was in the hospital for a week and a half... lost the vision in his left eye"可知，作者余生都要一瘸一拐地走路，而Gabe的左眼则永久性失明。由此可知，作者和Gabe都受伤很严重，故B项正确。
4. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word "sanguine" in paragraph 4？
A. Optimistic. B. Fortunate.
C. Adventurous. D. Cautious.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由最后一段中的"Before all this happened， we were happy-go-lucky people"可知，作者他们之前是乐天派。再结合画线词前的"even more"和后面的"We look at everything differently... we’re grateful that we’re still living a pretty good life"可知，画线词所在句表示"现在我们更加乐观了"，故选A。
二、完形填空
[志愿服务/]Jim McIngvale watched in horror as Hurricane Ida made landfall， hitting Louisiana. For him， it 1 one thing： Time to "get in the game". McIngvale， who owns Gallery Furniture in Houston， quickly called for 2 of necessities like food and water. Then he and his workers 3 every truck to take them to Louisiana.
"Louisiana 4 to us Houstonians during Hurricane Harvey， so 5 ， it’s the right thing to do to help our neighbors，" McIngvale said. He also opened his furniture showroom to 6 many families.
Ana Lee is among those who were 7 to the storm. She drove to Gallery Furniture after being told about McIngvale’s 8 . "I was warmly received，" Lee said. "It’s a 9 to meet somebody like him."
People who lined up to help out said they did so after 10 watching McIngvale help those in need. Chris Ogle was one of them 11 by McIngvale. He helped putting 12 onto trucks after giving away some bottled water to the 13 . He said， "If you knew McIngvale， you wouldn’t be 14 by the long lines of people waiting to contribute. 15 ， this was not the first time he had helped. He had volunteered to offer help many times after natural disasters."
Jim McIngvale在得知路易斯安那州遭遇飓风侵袭之后，积极参与了对当地受灾居民的援助。在他的影响下，许多人积极参与其中。
【熟词生义】 effort 常用义：n.努力，艰难的尝试 文中义：n.有组织的活动
1. A. meant B. proved
C. stressed D. affected
解析 A 飓风"艾达"袭击路易斯安那州，于他而言，意味着（meant）一件事——是时候行动了。
2. A. allocations B. preparations
C. distributions D. donations
解析 D 由下文中的"necessities like food and water""giving away some bottled water"和"waiting to contribute"可知，D项符合语境。allocation划拨的款项，分配的东西；preparation准备工作；distribution分配；donation捐赠物，捐赠。
3. A. checked B. emptied
C. loaded D. cleaned
解析 C 此处说的是把物资装到卡车上，故选C项。load表示"（把大量……）装上，装入"。
4. A. came up B. made up
C. stuck out D. reached out
解析 D 在飓风"哈维"来袭时，路易斯安那州向休斯敦人伸出了援手。reach out to sb.为某人提供帮助，援助某人。
5. A. in return B. in general
C. at last D. at heart
解析 A 此处表示"作为回报，帮助邻居是正确的事情"，故选A项，in return表示"作为回报"。in general通常，大体上；at last最终；at heart内心里，本质上。
6. A. feed B. comfort
C. shelter D. examine
解析 C McIngvale开放家具陈列室是为了给许多家庭提供栖身之处。feed喂养；comfort安慰；shelter为……提供庇护处，收容；examine检查。C项符合语境。
7. A. accustomed B. directed
C. subjected D. challenged
解析 C Ana Lee是遭受风暴袭击的受害者之一，故选C项。be subjected to sth.表示"经受……，遭受……"。
8. A. generosity B. honesty
C. bravery D. strength
解析 A 此处表示"在得知McIngvale的慷慨之后，她开车去了Gallery Furniture"，故本题选A项。 generosity慷慨，honesty正直，bravery勇敢，strength力量。
9. A. pleasure B. chance
C. plan D. dream
解析 A Lee很高兴能遇到像McIngvale这样的人。pleasure表示"乐事，快事"，符合语境。
10.A.fortunately B. frequently
C. curiously D. carefully
解析 B 下文提到"这不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手了，他已经在自然灾害后提供帮助很多次了"，那么，此处表达的应是"在经常看到McIngvale帮助有需要的人之后，人们也开始这样做了"。fortunately幸运地，frequently经常地，curiously好奇地，carefully认真地。B项符合语境。
11. A. supported B. approached
C. persuaded D. inspired
解析 D Chris Ogle是受到McIngvale鼓舞的人之一。support支持；approach接洽；persuade说服；inspire激励，鼓舞。D项符合语境。
12. A. products B. clothes
C. supplies D. bottles
解析 C 上文提到McIngvale呼吁人们捐赠水和食物等必需品，那么，此处表示"Ogle帮忙把补给品装上卡车"，故选C项，supplies表示"补给品"。
13. A. effort B. company
C. service D. battle
解析 A effort在此表示"有组织的活动"。
14. A. touched B.surprised
C. excited D. delighted
解析 B 如果你认识McIngvale，看到人们排着长队等着捐赠，你就不会感到惊讶了。touched受感动，surprised惊讶的，excited兴奋的，delighted愉快的。B项符合语境。
15. A. Luckily B. Hopefully
C.Eventually D.Actually
解析 D 事实上，这并不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手。luckily幸运的是，幸运地；hopefully希望，但愿；eventually最后；actually事实上。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/The emperor penguin（帝企鹅） may not survive climate change — or even this century. For decades， global warming has been melting（使融化） the sea ice 1 the flightless seabirds make their home； some formerly 2 （freeze） areas have shrunk by 60 percent in just 30 years. These largest penguins are nearly 90 pounds in 3 （weigh） and can stand 45 inches tall. They need the ice 4 （produce） their babies， avoid oceangoing killers， and find food. When sea ice 5 （become） liquid early， the species can disappear. The population is 6 （present） stable with 270，000 to 280，000 breeding（繁殖） pairs.
But research suggests those numbers could fall by nearly half in the next 30 years， and that the species will be effectively extinct by 2100. Emperor penguins 7 （list） as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service already， which puts them 8 the protection of the Endangered Species Act. The hope is to protect them by 9 （get） more conservation funding and ways for international cooperation on research. "The listing of the emperor penguin serves as both 10 alarm bell and a call to action，" says Martha Williams， director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
本文是说明文。数十年来，全球变暖使南极的海冰大量融化，这使帝企鹅面临灭绝的危险。
1.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
2.frozen 考查形容词。由空前的"formerly"和空后的"areas"可知，空处应填frozen（冰封的，封冻的，结冰的）， frozen在句中作定语。
3.weight 考查名词。in weight是固定用法，意为"在重量上"。
4.to produce 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词来表目的，且此处表示主动关系，故填to produce。
5.becomes 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由语境可知，此处描述的是客观情况，动词应用一般现在时；主语sea ice不可数，谓语动词应用单数，且become为系动词，故填becomes。
6.presently 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作状语，应用副词，故填presently。
7.have been listed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语already可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Emperor penguins与list是动宾关系，故填have been listed。
8.under 考查介词。under the protection of表示 "在……的保护之下"，是固定用法。
9.getting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作介词by的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，且此处表示主动关系，故填getting。
10.an 考查冠词。alarm bell表示单数概念，此处表示泛指，且alarm的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。Unit 1 Teenage Life
一、阅读理解
A
[温馨家庭/2023南京、盐城二调]When reading， my mother likes to slice a paragraph or a sentence out and attach it to the wall of her kitchen. She picks boring sentences that puzzle me. But I prefer copying my favorite bright lines into a journal word by word.
She doesn’t know any of this. There’s nothing shocking， for we seldom begin certain conversations though we talk on the phone weekly， sometimes making each other laugh so hard that I choke and she cries. But what we don’t say could fill up rooms： fights with my father， small failures in school and anything that really upsets us.
My mother has never told me "I love you， Lisa." — as if the four-word absence explains who I am — so I carry it with me， like a label on me. The last time she almost spoke the words was two years ago， when she called to tell me a friend had been in hospital. I said， "I love you， Mom." She stopped for a while and then said， "Thank you." I haven’t said it since. But I’d wondered why my mother doesn’t until I found a poem that supplies words to the blank spaces I try to understand in our conversations：
Don’t fill up on bread. I say absent-mindedly. The servings here are huge.
My son， whose hair may be receding a bit， says： Did you really just say that to me？
What he doesn’t know is that when we’re walking together， when we get to the curb， I sometimes start to reach for his hand.
It’s humble， yet heartbreaking. After copying it down in my journal， I emailed it to my mom， adding， "This poem makes me think of you." My mother doesn’t read poetry — or at least， she doesn’t tell me. I felt nervous clicking "Send".
She never mentioned the poem. But the next time I went home for vacation， I noticed something new in the kitchen fixed to an antique board： the poem. The board hung above the heater， the warmest spot in the kitchen. The poem still hangs there. Neither my mother nor I have ever spoken about it.
母亲的内敛和寡言少语让作者内心很不理解，这也一直困扰着作者。一个偶然的机会，作者读到一首特别的诗，这首诗让作者联想到了母亲，有些理解了母亲。于是作者小心翼翼地将诗发给了母亲。回家度假时，作者发现这首诗被母亲挂在了厨房。
【词语积累】 attach v.把……固定，把……附（在……上） fill up填满，装满 absent-mindedly adv.心不在焉地
1.What’s the function of paragraph 1？
A. To stress the theme.
B. To establish the setting.
C. To represent characters.
D. To create the atmosphere.
解析 C 写作意图题。由第一段内容可知，母亲喜欢将一段话或者一句话剪下来贴在厨房的墙上，而作者却喜欢逐词地将喜欢的句子记录下来。显然，作者以对比的手法展示了母女二人性格和做事方式的不同，为下文故事情节的发展做了前期铺垫，故C项正确。
2.Which of the following best describes the mother？
A. Humorous. B. Strict.
C. Reserved. D. Easygoing.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第三段中的"My mother has never told me ...‘Thank you.’"可知，母亲平时从未对作者直接表达过母爱，即便女儿电话中告诉母亲"妈妈，我爱你"，母亲也只是说了一声"谢谢"。显然，母亲是个内敛寡言之人，故C项正确。
3.Why did the author send the poem to her mom？
A. It reminded her of her mom’s love.
B. She wanted to apologize to her mom.
C. It suited her mom’s taste of literature.
D. She needed an interpretation from her mom.
解析 A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"...I emailed it to my mom， adding，‘This poem makes me think of you.’"可知，A项正确。
4.What does the poem mean to the author’s mom？
A. A memory of golden days.
B. Her daughter’s gratefulness to her.
C. A decoration in the plain kitchen.
D. Her daughter’s understanding her.
解析 D 推理判断题。第三段中的"I haven’t said it since...I try to understand in our conversations"可知，作者因这首诗理解了母亲表达爱的方式。再由最后一段中的"But the next time I went home...The poem still hangs there"可知，作者回到家看到母亲把诗挂在厨房，由此不难推知，母亲明白了女儿理解了自己的爱，故D项正确。
B
It’s known that reading is good for a child’s vocabulary and literacy skills， teaching them math or science concepts and helping them learn history. Apart from those， reading has another benefit. Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character’s suffering？ If so， that is because you have empathy（共鸣） for the character. And empathy can be learned through various fiction. "It’s a magic eye that sees into other people’s hearts，" explains author Cressida Cowell.
Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts. "Many more areas of your brain light up when you’re enjoying a story，" explains Miranda McKearney from EmpathyLab， an organisation that builds empathy through reading. "Your brain thinks you are in the story... This means you experience the characters’ thoughts as if they are real."
Empathy helps you to read people’s emotions and work out the best way to respond. This skill， called emotional intelligence， can make it easier to communicate and connect with people. Research has shown that building empathy can lead to greater kindness and tolerance. One study found that children who read the HarryPotter novels — which tell stories about humans fighting against the evil — were less likely to behave unfairly towards powerless groups including refugees（难民）.
This theory has been put into practice by St Michael’s Primary School. After reading TheBoyattheBackoftheClass— a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from war — students in that school were inspired to do a 10-mile walk for the non-profit organisation Refugee Action. Their empathy also spurred them to raise ￡1，000 for people who were forced to leave their homes because of war.
Reading encourages children to empathise with others， which could potentially lead to several beneficial learning outcomes， new research suggests. For society to develop， creative， communicative and empathetic individuals really matter.
本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了阅读可以培养孩子们的同理心。
【熟词生义】 1.well 常用义：adv.很好地，令人满意地；非常 文中义：v.涌出，冒出，流出，溢出
2.build 常用义：v.建筑 文中义：v.树立，培养
【长难句解读】 One study found that children （whoread the HarryPotter novels — which
tell stories abouthumans fighting against the evil ）— were less likely
tobehave unfairly towards powerless groups including refugees（难民）.
译文：一项研究发现，那些阅读《哈利·波特》系列小说的孩子——小说讲述了人类与邪恶作斗争的故事——不那么可能不公平地对待包括难民在内的弱势群体。
1. Why do readers cry about a character’s experience？
A. They have magic eyes.
B. They want to show empathy.
C. They understand his feelings.
D. They have the same experience.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"that is because you have empathy（共鸣） for the character""a magic eye that sees into other people’s hearts"和第三段中的"Empathy helps you to read people’s emotions"可知，读者落泪是因为读者理解角色的感情，故C项正确。
2. What does the author show by referring to the HarryPotter novels？
A. The process of building empathy.
B. The benefits of developing empathy.
C. The definition of emotional intelligence.
D. The results of the school’s activity.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段的内容，尤其是"Empathy helps you to... work out the best way to respond"和"building empathy can lead to greater kindness and tolerance"可知，段中提到《哈利·波特》系列小说是为了证明前面的观点，即培养同理心有好处。
3. What does the underlined word "spurred" in paragraph 4 mean？
A. Reminded. B. Permitted.
C. Persuaded. D. Encouraged.
解析 D 词义猜测题。由第四段中的"After reading TheBoyattheBackoftheClass... students in that school were inspired to do a 10-mile walk for the non-profit organisation Refugee Action"以及画线词前的"also"可推知，画线词应与inspired在意义上相似，故选D。
4. What is the purpose of this passage？
A. To encourage children to learn empathy by reading.
B. To introduce the importance of empathy.
C. To show the benefits of reading.
D. To advise children to be empathetic.
解析 A 意图推断题。本文主要讲述的是阅读可以培养同理心以及同理心的好处，再结合最后一段可知，本文旨在鼓励孩子们通过阅读来培养同理心，故选A。
二、完形填空
[丰富自我/2024四川泸州阶段考改编]Hardships often prepare ordinary people for an extraordinary destiny.
When I was in second grade， my parents fought a lot. As a result， my mind 1 and I created my own inner world at school. I struggled to 2 other kids， but my teacher thought I was "slow"， so I had to be 3 to a special education program， Resource.
I didn’t want to go to Resource. I didn’t want to be 4 . I’ll never forget the first day the Resource teacher came into my 5 and called my name. She called me and another kid. I grabbed my backpack， kept my head down and 6 out of the classroom. I could hear the 7 and giggles（咯咯笑） of the other kids. I felt depressed and alone.
However， this humiliation（羞辱） didn’t end up bad. I’ll always remember my Resource teacher， Mrs. Stripling， who was so kind and 8 . She immediately recognized something in me that I didn’t 9 myself — the gift for creating.
"You’re really good at creating 10 ，" she told me. "Have you ever done any creative writing？"
"No，" I told her.
"Why don’t I show you how？ All you have to do is 11 what you have in your mind and put it on paper." Mrs. Stripling worked with me and helped me 12 my stories. She 13 inspired me to use my imagination to create things and dream big.
She offered me a gift by recognizing my 14 . Little did Mrs. Stripling know she was planting 15 in my young heart that would one day flower into a profession of writing and public speaking.
作者上二年级时，由于家庭关系不和谐，在校期间思想开小差，创造了自己的内心世界。作者努力赶上其他孩子，但是老师认为作者"慢"，所以作者被调去上特殊教育课程。特殊教育课程的老师认为作者有创作天赋，便鼓励作者进行创作，并帮助作者润色文章，作者的创作天赋得到了激发。
1. A. wandered B. returned
C. cleared D. disappeared
解析 A 作者的父母关系不合，作者因此思想开小差，故选A项。wander（思想）开小差；return回来；clear（使）变清醒，清理；disappear消失。
2. A.take care ofB.keep up with
C. look up to D. stay away from
解析 B 作者努力赶上其他孩子，但老师认为作者"慢"，故选B。 take care of照顾，keep up with跟上，look up to仰慕，stay away from远离。
3. A. moved B. appointed
C. promoted D. invited
解析 A 由语境和常识可知，老师认为作者"慢"，所以作者被调去上特殊教育课程，故选A。move使变换，调动； appoint任命； promote提升；invite邀请。
4. A. crazy B. average
C. abnormal D. mean
解析 C 作者不想自己显得不正常。 crazy疯狂的，average平均的，abnormal不正常的，mean吝啬的。C项切题。
5. A. company B.classroom
C. office D. family
解析 B 由下文中的"out of the classroom"可知，本题选B项。
6. A. jumped B. looked
C. rushed D. stayed
解析 C 由"I grabbed my backpack， kept my head down""giggles（咯咯笑） of the other kids"和常识可推知，作者应是快步走出了教室，故选C项。
7. A. praises B. claims
C. debates D. whispers
解析 D 作者听到了其他孩子的窃窃私语和咯咯咯的笑声。whisper耳语，私语。
8. A. convincing B. brave
C. inspiring D. serious
解析 C 结合倒数第二段中的"inspired me to use my imagination to create things and dream big"和空前的"so kind"可知，在作者眼中这位老师既友好又鼓舞人心，故选C项。convincing令人信服的，有说服力的；brave勇敢的； inspiring鼓舞人心的；serious认真的。
9. A. need B. have
C. like D.see
解析 D 结合作者的否定回答和"Why don’t I show you how？"可知，作者未看到自己的创作天赋，故选D项。
10. A. excuses B. miracles
C. stories D. troubles
解析 C 由倒数第二段中的"helped me 12 my stories"可知，本题选C项。
11. A. break B. limit
C. cancel D. present
解析 D 老师告诉作者要做的只是把头脑中的想法展现出来并把它写在纸上，故选D项。break（使）破，裂，碎；limit限制；cancel取消；present展现。
12. A. collect B.polish
C. retell D. translate
解析 B 老师帮助作者润色故事，故选B项。collect收集；polish润色，修改；retell重新讲述；translate翻译。
13. A. politely B. officially
C. randomly D.patiently
解析 D 结合语境和选项可知，老师耐心地激励作者去创作，故选D项。politely礼貌地，officially正式地，randomly随机地，patiently耐心地。
14. A. potential B. achievements
C. efforts D. independence
解析 A 本题应选A项，potential与上文中的gift相吻合。 potential潜力； achievement成就，成绩； effort努力；independence独立。
15. A. curiosity B. gardens
C. beauty D. seeds
解析 D 由下文中的"flower into"可知，作者认为老师不知道她在作者幼小的心灵里种下了种子，故选D项。
三、语法填空
[体育运动/2023河南郑州一测]After winning the championship in men’s singles under 14 years old at the ASICS Tennis Junior Tour in Guangzhou in late August， 2022， Wang Fa 1 （rapid）attracted attention on the Internet. He is known for carrying his tennis rackets in a bamboo basket，2 （earn） him the name "basket tennis boy".
Wang Fa is a member of the Wa ethnic group（佤族） in Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County， Yunnan Province，3 was lifted out of poverty in 2019.Over the past several years， he， along with his 4 （fellow） at the Yunnan Wild Elephants Tennis Club，5 （improve） his skills and physical strength through training that includes running 9 kilometers and swinging his racket more than 7，000 times every day. "If it 6 （be） not for tennis， I would still be helping out my family with farm work back home，" he told ChinaDaily.
Talking about his habit of carrying his tennis equipment in a bamboo basket — a symbol of the agricultural life of the Wa ethnic group — Wang Fa said that he carried his rackets this way7 （honor） his hometown.
Before tennis， Wang Fa was just an ordinary boy from a village. But in 2016， he was chosen by a local club to learn to play tennis. At first， his parents didn’t agree at all because they could not afford it，8 the tennis club offered to teach him free of charge. Zhang Xiaohong， Wang Fa’s head coach， founded the club in 2014， selected around 20 talented local children and trained them 9 free."I want to take children to the outside world through tennis，" Zhang said.
For Wang Fa， winning the ASICS Tennis Junior Tour title is just the beginning of a promising future. "I will head to the top spot on the10 （profession） stage，" he said.
本文主要讲述了中国网球运动员王发的故事。由于常常把网球拍放在一个竹篓里，他被人称为"背篓网球少年"。
1.rapidly 分析句子结构可知，此处应填副词来修饰谓语动词，故用rapidly。
2.earning 分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词，非谓语的逻辑主语与earn之间构成主谓关系，且此处表示自然而然的结果，故填earning。
3.which 空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为"Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County"，故填which。
4.fellows 所填词作宾语，且表示复数概念，故填fellows。
5.has improved/has been improving 时间状语"Over the past several years"通常与现在完成时/现在完成进行时连用。此处表示主谓关系，且谓语与along with前的he在数上保持一致，故空处填has improved/has been improving。
6.were 此处表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句中的be动词通常用were。
7.to honor 此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，且此处表示主动关系，故填to honor。
8.but 所填词连接并列分句，且表示转折关系，故空处填but。
9.for "for free"是固定搭配，意思是"免费地"，故填for。
10.professional 结合空前的冠词和空后的名词可知，空处应填形容词professional。Unit 5 Languages Around The World
一、阅读理解
A
[2024辽宁本溪一模]When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents， most of them proudly replied， "Well， I speak perfect English/Chinese/..." But this kind of response misses the point.
More often than not， what we mean when we say someone "has an accent" is that their accent is different from the local one. We’re usually talking about pronunciations different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself， you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense， it’s pointless to point out that someone "has an accent". We all do！
Every person speaks a dialect（方言）， too. A dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structures， phrases and words. For instance， "You got eat or not？" （ meaning "Have you eaten？"）is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is "wrong" or "ungrammatical". The sentence is well-formed and easy to understand， according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different？
We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects — for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age， the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
本文主要讲述了口音指的是什么、口音存在的普遍性以及口音的价值所在。
【词语积累】 limiting adj. 局限的，限制的，限制性的 give rise to使发生，引起 pointless adj. 无意义的 conception n. 理解
1. What does the author think of his friends’ response in paragraph 1？
A. It reflects their self-confidence.
B. It reflects their language levels.
C. It misses the point of communication.
D. It misses the real meaning of accents.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Well， I speak perfect English/Chinese/..."和第二段中的"what we mean when we say someone... from the local one"可知，作者的朋友的回答很明显误解了"口音"的真正含义，故D项正确。
2. Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English？
A. To justify the use of dialects.
B. To show the diversity of dialects.
C. To correct a grammatical mistake.
D. To highlight a traditional approach.
解析 A 推理判断题。举例一般是为了说明上文中提到的较为抽象或晦涩的概念。例子是针对"A dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structures， phrases and words"而举的，再结合第三段最后一句可推知，A项正确。
3. What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph？
A. Learn to speak our local dialect.
B. Seek for an official definition of accents.
C. Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
D. Distinguish our local languages from others’.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Language differences like these provide insights into ... make friends along the way"可知，语言的差异会让我们了解人们的文化经历和背景，了解我们居住的世界，并帮助我们结交朋友。由此可以推断，作者建议我们要懂得欣赏口音和方言的价值，故C项正确。
4. What can be a suitable title for this passage？
A. Everyone Has an Accent
B. Accents Enhance Our Identity
C. Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding
D. Standard English Is at Risk
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文第一段引出口音这个话题；第二段讲述了对口音的正确理解，并指出每个人都有口音；第三段讲到了每个人都会讲方言，并以新加坡英语口语为例说明使用方言是正当的；第四段讲到了口音和方言的价值所在，并鼓励读者学会欣赏口音和方言，故A项"每个人都有口音"适合做本文的标题。
B
[中华文化/2023宁夏银川质量检测]For the past three decades， Richard Sears has been dedicated to one thing： telling the stories behind Chinese characters.
His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972， when he was a 22-year-old physics major at Portland State University in Oregon. He said， "I realized only 7 percent of the world speaks English as a mother tongue. I wondered what it was like to speak another language." By 1990， Sears had already been a fluent Chinese speaker， but he did not know how to read. To Sears， the characters were complex with many strokes（笔画） and almost no apparent logic.
Sears said， "I am a physicist， so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs（象形文字） and I wanted to know the stories behind them." In the process of his study， Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. To pick out the good ones， he decided to computerize the characters， and then scanned about 96，000 ancient characters.
The database of ancient characters came into being， but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolution of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology（词源）， where viewers can check for free the evolution of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011， the website got 11，000 or 15，000 hits a day. Suddenly， in January， 2011， clicks to the website went up to 600，000 within one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi， a nickname given by Chinese netizens， after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.
Besides the website， in September last year， Sears set up his studio， which focuses on applying AR， animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins， in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. "They have both entertainment value for the young and educational value， and can teach the origins of Chinese characters. We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters，" Sears said.
物理学家理查德·西尔斯多年来一直致力于一件事：讲述汉字背后的故事。
【词语积累】 be dedicated to致力于 come into being形成 evolution n.发展，进化，演变
1. What can we learn about Richard Sears？
A. He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.
B. He learned Chinese to improve his physics.
C. He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.
D. He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段和第四段可知，他多年来一直在探索研究汉字，故A项正确。
2. What does the underlined word "ones" in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A. Characters. B. Explanations.
C. Pictographs. D. Languages.
解析 B 代词指代题。结合行文时话题的一致性、行文逻辑的流畅性可知，ones指代的名词表示复数意义，且出现在上一句中，所以B项正确。
3. What can be inferred about Sears’ website？
A. It gained popularity shortly after its establishment.
B. It has made a big profit from netizens’ visiting it.
C. It concentrates on the simplification of Chinese characters.
D. It has built a bridge between the evolution of Chinese characters and the public.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第四段中的"Between 2002 and 2011...after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media"可知，他的网站点击量不小，被中国网友分享到社交媒体上后，点击量飞速上涨，由此可推知，他的网站在汉字的演变与公众之间架起了桥梁，故D项正确。
4. Which of the following can best describe Richard Sears？
A. Ambitious and humorous.
B. Wise but careless.
C. Enthusiastic and devoted.
D. Generous but stubborn.
解析 C 推理判断题。他多年来对汉字的兴趣不减反增，不仅建立了研究汉字的网站，还成立了利用高科技研究汉字的工作室，由此可知，他对汉字非常感兴趣并且投入大量的人力、物力和财力，故C项正确。
二、七选五
You’re probably familiar with the North American spelling of the word "airplane". However， if you’ve ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom， you’ve probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning. 1 . The American English spelling is "airplane" while the British English spelling is "aeroplane". So， why does this happen？
Let’s look at the root of the phenomenon. 2 . "British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French， but American English， when it has deviated（背离） from what British English does， often changes into the direction of seeming less French，" says Lynne Murphy， author of The Prodigal Tongue：The Love-Hate Relationship Between American and British English.
3 . Aeroplane is no exception. "We’re comfortable with ‘aero’ in scientific terms， but as planes became more common things to talk about， the ‘aero’ seemed too fancy，" explains Murphy. "In Scientific American in 1906， there was already a claim： 4 . Ten years later， ‘airplane’ was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term. It was considered in the United Kingdom， but that suggestion didn’t go anywhere."
There’s a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently， and why that will continue to happen. " 5 ， and people are generally proud of it， so they continue to spell differently，" says Murphy.
A. Every country has different culture
B. Your spelling tells people where you’re from
C. The word "airplane" happens to be an example
D. Airplane is a much better word than aeroplane
E. American English and British English have similar historical origins
F. There’s a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics， government， and science
G. A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages， like Latin， Greek， and French
本文是说明文，以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上的差异为例讲述了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。
1.C C项是针对"there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning"举的例子，且与"The American English spelling is ‘airplane’ while the British English spelling is‘aeroplane’"衔接紧密。
2.G G项与段落第一句中的the root吻合。
3.F 段落中双引号中的内容是对F项中的"history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics， government， and science"的具体诠释。
4.D D项与"Ten years later， ‘airplane’ was adopted..."之间存在因果关系。
5.B B项是人们的骄傲所在。空后句子中的it指代B项。
三、完形填空
[中华文化/2024安徽合肥联考]"When I first started learning calligraphy， I just copied the teacher’s strokes（笔画）， and my work was ugly，" said Aryan from Afghanistan. He is currently a graduate student in Beijing， 1 in International Education of the Chinese Language.
During his six-year stay in China， he discovered the 2 of Chinese culture. He also realized that Chinese is steadily becoming a（n） 3 language， and more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese.
To his surprise， the curriculum for foreign students in China 4 the classroom. The school organizes extracurricular 5 to help them learn and experience 6 and culture. After closer and deeper 7 with Chinese culture， Aryan found his hobby： calligraphy.
"Initially， I didn’t know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult，" Aryan said. "Later on， I found out that calligraphy can help me 8 my Chinese language skills and my understanding of Chinese culture."
He used to 9 the idea that writing Chinese characters was all about writing them neatly. But he later found out that this view is 10 .Calligraphy helps him to understand both each stroke and the Chinese 11 toward life. The horizontal， vertical（垂直的）， left and right falling strokes on the paper 12 Chinese people’s unique symbols and memories. They are also the hidden 13 to better understanding Chinese culture.
Not only did Aryan gain a deeper 14 of Chinese characters， but he also developed a more mature personality along the way. Calligraphy gives him strength when he feels 15 and lost， helping him find his inner peace.
本文是一篇记叙文。Aryan是一名身在北京的研究生，他爱上了中文书法并在学习书法过程中得到一些关于汉字和中国文化的感悟。
1. A. majoring B. settling
C. bringing D. resulting
解析 A "He is currently a graduate student"指出他是研究生，所以此处说的是他主修汉语国际教育，故选A。
2.A. problem B. pattern
C. richness D. resource
解析 C 由下文提到的他对书法的感悟可知，在中国的六年里，他发现了中国文化的丰富多彩，故选C。
3. A. native B. official
C. international D. formal
解析 C 由下文中的"more people around the world want to communicate smoothly in Chinese"可知，世界上越来越多的人希望用汉语进行顺畅的交流，这说明汉语正在稳步成为一门国际语言，故选C。
4. A. goes against B. takes up
C. takes over D. goes beyond
解析 D "The school organizes extracurricular..."表明，针对外国学生的课程不局限于课堂上，故选D。
5. A. conferences B. activities
C. subjects D. competitions
解析 B 此处指学校组织课外活动，应用activities，故选B。
6. A. economy B. life
C. work D. pleasure
解析 B 此处指的是体验生活和文化，故选B。
7. A. success B. content
C. combination D. contact
解析 D 此处说的是经过深入接触中国文化，Aryan发现了自己的爱好：书法，故选D。
8. A. improve B. recognize
C. adjust D. find
解析 A Aryan发现书法可以帮助他提升汉语水平和对中国文化的了解，故选A。
9. A. hold B. oppose
C. break D. suspect
解析 A 此处说的是"他曾经认为写汉字只要写得整齐就行"，故选A，hold the idea that...表示"认为……，持……观点"。
10. A. positive B. contradictory
C. wrong D. objective
解析 C 结合But可知，Aryan发现他之前的观点是错误的，故选C。
11. A. direction B. step
C. attitude D. effort
解析 C 此处说的是"书法帮助他理解每一笔和中国人的生活态度"，故选C项，attitude toward...表示"对……的态度"。
12. A. supply B. represent
C. sense D. recall
解析 B 此处说的是"纸上的横、竖、撇、捺代表了中国人独特的符号和记忆"，故选B，represent表示"代表"。
13. A. responses B. admissions
C. reactions D. keys
解析 D the key to表示"……的关键/要诀"。
14. A. function B. ability
C. form D. knowledge
解析 D 此处说的是"Aryan不仅对中国汉字有了更深入的了解……"，故选D。
15. A. stressed B. inspired
C. determined D. interrupted
解析 A 当他感到焦虑和失落时，书法给他力量，帮他找到内心的平静。stressed表示"焦虑的"，符合语境。Welcome unit
一、阅读理解
A
[认识自我/]Looking into the gym， I faced reality： I was in charge， and nobody would tell me what to do. It was my first practice as a volunteer basketball coach for the local secondary school. However， what if I had too little experience and knowledge to give the athletes？ What if I taught them nothing useful？ I’d felt these doubts about my ability to lead throughout my scientific training.
As a master’s student and later an early PhD student， I carried out the projects my professors gave me — but didn’t explore further on my own. It was more comfortable to let others lead. I told myself once I gained more experience and knowledge， I’d be ready to take charge.
That thought served me well through 2 years of my PhD. After finishing two projects， I felt burned out and needed refreshing. I hoped regaining my love of sports through coaching might help. I decided to push past my discomfort and learn along the way.
That’s how I found myself in that gym. The athletes came in and began shooting around. I collected myself and began practice with much energy and enthusiasm. Despite my fears， everything went smoothly. Afterward， I heard many thought the practice was great， which encouraged me. Maybe I had what it took to lead.
Around the same time， my professor offered me an opportunity to work with a master’s student on a project. I’d have to be a mentor（导师）. Though not sure I could do it， I couldn’t miss the chance.
My professor still supported us， but I had to take charge most of the time. It was hard. But the lessons learned as a basketball coach seemed to help me find my footing（基础） as a scientific leader， too. You don’t become a leader after getting enough experience and knowledge. Leading is a matter of choice. The key is in my willingness to try.
本文为记叙文，主要讲述了作者在篮球场上发觉自己拥有领导才能的经历。作者意识到，拥有了足够的经验和知识并不等于能充当领导角色。充当领导角色是一种选择，关键在于自己是否愿意去尝试。
1. How did the author feel before the practice？
A. Proud. B.Worried.
C. Confident. D. Relaxed.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段中的"However， what if I had too little experience and knowledge to give the athletes？ What if I taught them nothing useful？"可知，作者心中疑惑自己知识和经验不足，生怕自己不能教授一些有用的东西。不难推知，作者心有忧虑，故本题选B项。
2. Why did the author want to turn to sports again？
A. To give back to society.
B. To become a leader.
C. To become energetic.
D. To make his life after work colorful.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"...I felt burned out and needed refreshing. I hoped regaining my love of sports through coaching might help"可知，作者之所以想重拾对体育运动的爱好是为了消除疲累，让自己精力充沛，故本题选C项。
3. What led the author to realize he perhaps had the ability to take charge？
A. His rich experience and knowledge.
B. His professor’s trust and confidence in him.
C. His position as a mentor on a new project.
D. The athletes’ positive response to the first practice.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第四段中的"Afterward， I heard many thought the practice was great， which encouraged me. Maybe I had what it took to lead"可知，让作者意识到自己或许有领导能力的是运动员的积极反馈，故本题选D项。
4. What is the main idea of this text？
A. Sports play a part in leadership.
B. How the author found his research leadership skill.
C. Getting out of your comfort zone makes a difference.
D. To take charge doesn’t always require much experience and knowledge.
解析 B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者在篮球场上发觉自己拥有领导才干的经历，B项与此相吻合。
B
[创新意识/]One of the reasons I became a teacher was how much I loved the reading and writing process， and how excited I was to help young children develop as readers and writers. One day， I discovered a work of Vivian Paley， who developed a storytelling curriculum（课程） for young children， which involves writing down the contents of students’ drawings and having their classmates act out these stories. I was immediately drawn to Paley’s focus on drama.
One morning， as my students gathered in our classroom for our writing lesson， I told them that they could draw anything they’d like， imaginary or real. They discussed with one another what they liked to draw and some shared their ideas out loud， which helped inspire those who weren’t ready with their own ideas. For the next half hour or so， I observed that even my most hesitant and unwilling students were drawing with a sense of concentration and purpose.
Later， we sat in a circle and I explained that we would act out some of their stories. The writer would choose classmates to be the characters in the story， and I would tell the story. Then a student stood up to announce which character she’d need. I watched as one student played a rabbit， another played a fairy， and another played a rainbow cloud. When the play was over， the actors and the "director" bowed， and the class clapped for them. The next "director" jumped to her feet， shouting， "My story is the next！"
After I taught in this way， my students began to write down their own stories， though I always provided aid in the writing process when they needed. The goal of these lessons is not to turn my students into fluent writers in kindergarten， but to provide them with the chance to become writers， to see themselves as storytellers， and to experience the magical feeling when their ideas come to life.
本文是记叙文。作者受到Vivian Paley的课程模式的启发，决定采取特殊的课堂形式，鼓励学生画出自己创作的故事并将它们演出来，从而让学生感受创作的乐趣。
【词语积累】 act out将……表演出来 jump to one’s feet 跳起来
1. What does Paley’s curriculum mainly ask students to do？
A. Tell stories. B. Draw pictures.
C. Create plays. D. Practise acting.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"a storytelling curriculum（课程） for young children， which involves writing down the contents of students’ drawings and having their classmates act out these stories"可知，Paley的课程要求学生把画中的内容写出来，然后让学生根据写出来的故事进行表演，故本题选C。
2. What encouraged the inactive students to start to draw？
A. Other students’ ideas.
B. The author’s instruction.
C. The inspiration from books.
D. Their experience of painting.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段中的"They discussed with one another what they liked to draw... my most hesitant and unwilling students were drawing with a sense of concentration and purpose"可知，一些学生的讨论和分享给那些还没想好画什么的学生提供了灵感，后来，即使那些最犹豫、最不情愿的学生也开始画画了，故本题选A。
3. How did the students eventually feel in that morning’s class？
A. Confused. B. Concerned.
C. Relaxed. D.Interested.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第二段中的"even my most hesitant and unwilling students were drawing with a sense of concentration and purpose"和第三段中的"When the play was over... The next ‘director’ jumped to her feet， shouting，‘My story is the next！’"可知，学生们应是对作者的课堂很感兴趣，故本题选D。
4. Why did the author plan such special lessons？
A. To help students write more fluently.
B. To get students more drawing inspiration.
C. To help students set the goal of becoming writers.
D. To make students know the joy of composition.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段的描述以及最后一段中的"to provide them with the chance to become writers... experience the magical feeling when their ideas come to life"可知，作者的课堂是为了让学生了解创作的乐趣，故本题选D。
二、七选五
[积极生活/2024广东七校联考]HowtoSetGoals
Whether you have small dreams or high expectations， setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life. 1
Find out your life goals. Ask yourself some important questions about what you want for your life. What do you want to achieve today， in a year， and in your lifetime？ The answers can be as general as "I want to be happy" or "I want to help people". 2
Set specific（具体的） goals. Be specific and realistic about what it is that you want to achieve. Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it. 3 For example， "Be healthier" is too big and vague to be a helpful goal. "I want to eat more vegetables， and I want to run a marathon" is better.
Write down your goals. 4 Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently. This will help keep you motivated.
5 You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals， but take the time to reevaluate your smaller goals. Are you accomplishing them according to your timeline？Are they still necessary to keep you on track towards your larger life goals？ Allow yourself the flexibility（灵活性） to make some small changes to your goals.
A. Adjust your goals.
B. Track and measure your progress.
C. Having a plan will help push you ahead.
D. Writing them down tends to make them a little more real.
E. Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful.
F. Consider what you hope to achieve in 10， 15 or 20 years.
G. Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals.
本文为说明文，主要介绍了如何设定目标。
1.E 上文中的"setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life"指出了设定目标的好处，下文具体介绍了设定目标的方法，故E项放在此处能起到承上启下的作用。
2.F F项与段落主旨句"Find out your life goals"和上文中的"What do you want to achieve today， in a year， and in your lifetime？"相吻合。
3.G 上文中的"Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it"和下文所举的例子与G项相对应。
4.D 段落主旨句"Write down your goals"及下文中的"Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently"与D项相吻合。
5.A 由"You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals， but take the time to reevaluate your smaller goals"和"Allow yourself the flexibility（灵活性） to make some small changes to your goals"可知，最后一段围绕调整目标展开，A项与此相符，适合做本段的主旨句。
三、完形填空
[2023四省适应性测试]Dr. Smith works at a center for children who can’t learn well. One day a father brought his son to him for 1 at his office.
The father told Dr. Smith about his son， "My son has 2 in learning and can’t even play baseball. He isn’t doing well because he doesn’t try. I have done everything for him. I have even shouted at him. But nothing 3 ."
After Dr. Smith tested the boy， he 4 his father. He asked the father to sit in front of a 5 and then gave him a pencil and a piece of paper. There was a 6 on the paper. He asked the father to look only in the mirror and 7 the lines of the star with the pencil. The father made the same 8 anyone made. Every time he 9 the pencil， it went the wrong way. The father’s face became red.
At this 10 the doctor shouted at him， "Hurry up！ Why are you 11 so long？ You can’t do such an 12 thing！ You don’t know left from right！" These 13 made the father very angry.
"Now you can 14 ， can’t you？" the doctor said to him. "Your son has felt just like that all the time. You scolded（训斥） him too often， so he didn’t try any more. He was afraid of making mistakes." 15 the father understood everything. He put his head down. Now he felt so sorry.
一个父亲带孩子去做测试。经过测试，医生发现孩子并没问题。在医生的一番操作下，这个父亲意识到自身的问题。
1. A. testing B. acting
C. teaching D. playing
解析 A 由第三段中的"After Dr. Smith tested the boy"可知，这个父亲带孩子来找Dr. Smith的目的是测试孩子，故选A项。
2. A. confidence B. interest
C. experience D.difficulty
解析 D 由"He isn’t doing well because he doesn’t try"可知，这个父亲认为孩子在学习上有困难，故选D项。confidence信心，interest兴趣，experience经验，difficulty困难。
3. A. returns B.helps
C. appears D. remains
解析 B 由"I have done everything for him. I have even shouted at him"和But可知，这个父亲认为自己做的一切没有起任何作用，故选B项。
4. A. waited for B. searched for
C. believed in D.called in
解析 D Dr. Smith测试完孩子后，把父亲叫了进去，故本题选D项。
5. A. mirror B. television
C. painting D. desk
解析 A 由下文中的"He asked the father to look only in the mirror "可知，本题选A项。
6. A. face B. line
C. number D.star
解析 D 由下文中的"and 7 the lines of the star with the pencil"可知，本题选D项。
7. A. remove B.follow
C. cross D. cut
解析 B 此处说的是用铅笔沿着星星的线条移动，故选B项。
8. A. decisions B. choices
C. mistakes D. patterns
解析 C 由"it went the wrong way"可知，本题选C项。decision决定，choice选择，mistake错误，pattern模式。
9. A. touched B. dropped
C. moved D. sharpened
解析 C 此处指"移动"铅笔，故选C项。
10. A. speed B. corner
C. end D.point
解析 D 在这个时候，Dr. Smith朝他大声嚷嚷。at this point表示"在这个时候"。
11. A. staying B.taking
C. preparing D. writing
解析 B 由"Hurry up！"可知，Dr. Smith在朝这个父亲嚷嚷为什么花费这么长时间，故选B项。
12. A. easy B. important
C. obvious D. exciting
解析 A 此处表达的是"这么简单的一件事你都做不好"，故选A项。
13. A. ideas B. words
C. questions D. instructions
解析 B 由语境可知，Dr. Smith说的话（words）让这个父亲非常生气，故选B项。
14. A. relax B. leave
C.understand D. promise
解析 C 由下文中的"understood everything"可知，本题选C项。
15. A. Actually B. Absolutely
C. Suddenly D. Unfortunately
解析 C 由语境可知，听了Dr. Smith的话，这个父亲突然明白了一切，故选C项。Unit 2 Travelling Around
一、阅读理解
A
[社会现象/2023重庆二测]Going against the tide of flocking（蜂拥） to well-known yet generally jam-packed tourist destinations on vacation， a growing number of holidaymakers in China tend to spend their leisure time at lesser-known resorts to seek unique， relaxing holiday experiences. Reverse tourism has emerged as a new trend among young holidaymakers in China.
Also， some vacationers chose less-travelled places to save on the cost of trips to popular destinations， which often require pricey tickets， meals and hotel stays. "Tourism used to be about sightseeing. Now it is about experiences，" said Dai Bin， president of the China Tourism Academy. He said popular tourist spots are always packed and often raise their prices during holidays. As people become more mature travellers， they are increasingly unwilling to follow the herd. Some of them are simply looking to take a rest somewhere quiet for a couple of days， which is a good way to vacation.
In addition， lesser-known attractions are not as "commercial" and "standardized" as developed ones and are able to offer more genuine experiences and natural encounters， according to social media posts. And unlike popular destinations， some under-explored places with little online exposure can offer more surprises. Besides， as precautionary measures continue， travelling has an unpredictable quality. A traveller has no way of knowing what lies ahead before departure， be it a perfect holiday or one interrupted by a sudden outbreak.
"The rise of reverse tourism is not a bad thing，" said an opinion piece in ZhengzhouDaily. It means that vacationers now have more options， which brings more possibilities to the tourism market， the article explains. More importantly， the trend is set to force popular destinations to improve themselves instead of resting on their achievements.
本文主要介绍了"逆向旅行"的现象和造成此现象的原因。
【词语积累】 go against违背 tend to往往会，倾向于 emerge v.出现 packed adj.异常拥挤的，挤满人的 interrupt v.打扰
1. What is the feature of reverse tourism according to the passage？
A. Popular destinations often raise their prices during holidays.
B. Less-travelled places offer more beautiful scenery.
C. Popular destinations are not welcomed by people nowadays.
D. Less-travelled places are increasingly valued among young people.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段的内容可知，在中国，越来越多的度假者倾向于把闲暇时间花在不太知名的度假胜地，以寻求独特、轻松的度假体验，这与人们在度假时蜂拥前往知名但普遍拥挤的旅游目的地的潮流相反。"逆向旅游"已成为中国年轻度假者中的一种新趋势。由此可知，"逆向旅游"的特点是游客较少的地方越来越受到年轻人的重视，故选D。
2. What does the underlined expression "follow the herd" in paragraph 2 mean？
A. Do just what most people do.
B. Be particular about vacations.
C. Behave like the best visitors.
D. Seek unique travel experiences.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由第二段最后一句"Some of them are simply looking... to vacation"可知，他们中的一些人只是想找个安静的地方休息几天，这是一个很好的度假方式。由此可知，画线短语所在句的意思是"随着人们变为更成熟的旅行者，他们越来越不愿意随波逐流"。画线短语的意思应是"跟随大多数人的做法"，故选A。
3. Why do people choose lesser-known attractions according to social media posts？
A. To create surprises on their own.
B. To explore original beauty.
C. To promote the local tourism.
D. To escape the uncertainty in life.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段的"In addition， lesser-known attractions...according tosocial media posts"可知，据一些社交媒体的帖子所说，不太知名的景点不像发达景点那样"商业化"和"标准化"，能够提供更多真实的体验和自然的邂逅。由此可知，本题选B。
4. What is the text mainly about？
A. The promising future of Chinese tourism.
B. The challenges popular tourist spots are facing.
C. The way to explore lesser-known attractions.
D. The reason why people prefer reverse tourism.
解析 D 主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，文章介绍了"逆向旅行"的现象，并重点分析了造成此现象的原因，D项与此相符。
B
Born in 1902， Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman（制图员） who brought about a small revolution in the early 1930s when he created a completely new map of the London Underground.
Before Beck’s design， early maps were usually drawn to a geographically accurate scale（比例）. Map designers simply placed the subway lines on standard maps of the city streets. These maps clearly showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of London， but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London.
In the 1930s， Beck came up with a solution that would not take the geographical accuracy into account. He created a map that was a scaled-down linear diagram of the subway lines. More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map， it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually was between two points. Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured lines. His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travellers how to get from one station to another.
It’s not clear what inspired him to start the project； he wasn’t asked to do it， but likely developed his design in his free time， while between jobs. It was more a presentation of his being inventive， in seeing a problem and coming up with an answer to it， than a response to public demand.
His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport Board， whose members refused to accept it， feeling that not showing relative distances between stations was silly and unreasonable. Still， after a time， in order to increase subway ridership and therefore earn more money， the Board decided to print a limited number of copies. Gradually， Beck’s map became a huge success.
For most of his life， Beck continued to make small improvements to the diagram， but he kept its basic designs and ideas. His clear diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and followed in the field of information design not only in London but also around the world.
为了解决早期地铁线路图中存在的问题，Harry Beck绘制了更为实用的伦敦地铁线路图。
【词语积累】 make out辨认清楚，分清 linear adj.直线的，线状的 true-to-life adj.逼真的 plain adj.简单的；清楚的，明显的 ridership n.客流量 diagrammatic adj.图（式）的，图表的，图解的
【长难句解读】 His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport Board，whose membersrefused to accept it， {feeling （that not showing relativedistances between
stations was silly and unreasonable）}.
译文：随后，他的设计被提交给了伦敦客运委员会，但该委员会的成员拒绝接受他的设计，他们认为不显示车站之间的相对距离愚蠢而且不合理。
1. What is the disadvantage of early subway maps？
A. They were not to scale.
B. They were hard to draw.
C. They were not user-friendly.
D. They were seldom updated.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第二段中的"but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London"可知，早期的地铁线路图使用起来不方便，故选C。
2. Which aspect of a subway map did Beck focus on？
A. Its simplicity. B. Its vivid details.
C. Its completeness. D. Its geographical accuracy.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第三段中的"More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map"和"His idea was to create the plainest guide... from one station to another"可知，Beck注重的是地铁线路图的简明性，故选A。
3. What do we know about Beck’s map from paragraphs 4 and 5？
A. It was created accidentally.
B. It was an immediate success.
C. It was a reflection of his creativity.
D. It was designed to meet public needs.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第四段中的"It was more a presentation of his being inventive... a response to public demand"可知，本题选C。
4. How did Beck contribute to the world？
A. He changed the construction of subways.
B. He inspired designers to improve subway maps.
C. He made the first scaled-down linear map.
D. He provided a model for the design of subway maps.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"His clear diagrammatic method of mapping... but also around the world"可知，Beck的绘图方式被广泛接受和沿用。由此可推断，Beck为地铁线路图设计提供了一个范例，故选D。
二、七选五
[体育健康/2023长沙适应性考试]I’m a hiker — "born to hike".It does my heart and soul good to take a pack and head out on a trail（小路），especially when I am alone， and can let my mind wander where it will. 1 .
Hiking keeps your brain sharper than many other forms of exercise. As a professional writer， although I am busy with my work， I often spare some time to hike. 2 .
Hiking can increase our creativity. I’m sure I’m not alone in finding that walks in nature let your mind wander freely in creative directions. 3 . Sometimes， ideas relevant to music build up from unconscious places when I’m not deliberately thinking.
4 . Exercise in general can be a good way to decrease stress. But what sets hiking apart from other forms of exercise is that hiking can happen almost anywhere and give you the happiness that you can take from nature.
Hiking helps strengthen a positive relationship with the natural world. Besides being good for us， hiking may also help the world around us. After all， if we stick to walking and covering longer distances， we could use cars less and reduce our carbon footprint. 5 . For example， it increases our connection to nature. As one study suggests， when we have a personal connection to nature， we are more likely to want to protect it. That means experiences in nature — like hiking — can be mutually（相互地）beneficial， helping people and the earth.
So， grab a water bottle，a backpack...and head out on the trail. You won’t be sorry you did that.
A. Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy
B. Besides that， hiking benefits our planet indirectly
C. The following are the benefits you can get from hiking
D. In fact， I’ve written many of my songs while hiking on a trail
E. It’s easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone
F. It not just makes me feel good， but also helps me keep the brain in top shape
G. This all goes to show that hiking may be one of the best ways to move your body
本文为说明文，主要介绍了徒步旅行的好处。
1.C C项（以下是你能从徒步旅行中得到的好处）承接上文，统领下文，放在此处能起到承上启下的作用。
2.F 第二段首句是该段的主题句，那么第二段讲述的是徒步旅行对大脑有好处，F项（徒步旅行不仅让我感觉良好，还能帮助我保持大脑处于最佳状态）与本段主题一致，F项中的brain对应本段第一句中的brain。
3.D D项中的written many of my songs与段落主题句中的creativity以及空后句子中的music相吻合。
4.A 结合第四段的内容，特别是段中的"decrease stress"和"give you the happiness"可知，A项符合语境，可用于充当段落的主题句。
5.B 空后的内容是针对"Besides that， hiking benefits our planet indirectly"列举的例子。
三、完形填空
[2024贵州贵阳摸底]When it comes to my fathering lessons， few adventures compare to the motorcycle trips I’ve shared with my daughter， Ewa.
Our first 1 ， in August 2017， was a winding（蜿蜒的） ride around the Catskills and Finger Lakes areas of New York. We 2 big highways and spent the week on 3 scenic back roads. At one point， I found myself 4 along a Catskills meadow（草地） not far from Woodstock， keeping pace with a deer and shouting， "Go Bambi， go！"
On our second day， we 5 in a small town for ice cream. I asked the woman at the picnic table next to us： "What’s the 6 of this town？" "Interlaken，" she answered. "Where are you trying to get to？"
Me： "We don’t know."
It 7 to me then that I’d always wanted to do this no-schedule kind of trip， when you ride just for the sake of riding. Ask any middle-aged 8 ： We’ve all dreamed about doing the EasyRider thing， throwing our wristwatches into the ditch and heading toward the horizon without a（n） 9 . Now， travelling with no plan became a 10 of my rides with Ewa.
Since we almost 11 knew where we were going， we were almost never 12 when we arrived， pulling 13 the road at the end of each day with satisfaction. The reason to celebrate？ We 14 ！ The truth is that life on a motorbike is one close call（死里逃生） after another. On the way， riders must stay 15 100 percent of the time. A tiny stone can be deadly. I used to be nervous， but Ewa had a different take： "To me， motorcycling is like meditation（冥想）."
文章讲述了作者和女儿骑摩托车旅行的故事。他们自由自在，随意骑行，享受旅途中的美景和冒险，感到非常满足。
1. A. sail B. flight
C. goal D.journey
解析 D 由"a winding（蜿蜒的） ride around the Catskills and Finger Lakes areas of New York"可知，本题选D。
2. A. avoided B. chose
C. built D. promoted
解析 A 由前边的"a winding（蜿蜒的） ride"和后边的"spent the week on 3 scenic back roads"可知，作者和女儿没有选择大公路，而是在弯弯曲曲的风景优美的小路上骑行，故选A。
3. A. straight B. twisty
C. main D. broad
解析 B 参见上题解析。twisty弯弯曲曲的。twisty与上文中的winding对应。
4. A. walking B. running
C. riding D. laughing
解析 C riding（骑行）符合语境，故选C。
5. A. settled B. stopped
C. landed D. moved
解析 B 由"in a small town for ice cream"可知，作者和女儿停下来吃冰激凌，故选B。
6. A. population B. rule
C. name D. position
解析 C 由"Interlaken"可知，作者询问的是小镇的名字，故选C。
7. A. occurred B. happened
C. mattered D. referred
解析 A 这时作者想到自己一直想要进行这种没有日程安排的旅行，只是为了骑行而骑行，故选A。occur to sb.表示"被……想到"。
8. A. engineer B. bicyclist
C. chemist D.motorcyclist
解析 D 由上文提到的作者骑摩托车旅行可知，此处指询问任何一个中年摩托车手，故选D。engineer工程师，bicyclist骑自行车者，chemist化学家，motorcyclist摩托车手。
9. A. destination B. reaction
C. exploration D. explanation
解析 A 由后文的"travelling with no plan"可知，没有计划的旅行成了作者和女儿一起骑行的一个特点，没有计划就意味着没有目的地，故选A。destination目的地，reaction反应，exploration探索，explanation解释。
10. A. course B. benefit
C. feature D. present
解析 C 参见上题解析。feature特征。
11. A. never B. always
C.completely D. absolutely
解析 A 由上文中的"Now， travelling with no plan became a feature of my rides with Ewa"可知，他们几乎不知道自己要去哪里，故选A。
12. A. satisfied B.disappointed
C. surprised D. frightened
解析 B 由下文中的"at the end of each day with satisfaction"可知，每天结束时，作者和女儿都很满意。由此可知，当作者他们到达的时候，他们几乎没有失望过，故选B。satisfied满意的，disappointed失望的，surprised惊讶的，frightened害怕的。
13. A. out B. in
C. off D. down
解析 C 由上文可知，作者和女儿骑摩托车旅行，因此二人满意地停靠在路边，故选C。pull off表示"（车辆或司机）停靠（在路边）"。
14. A. grew B. failed
C. waited D.survived
解析 D 由下文中的"The truth is that life on a motorbike is one close call（死里逃生） after another"可知，事实上，摩托车上的生活就是一次又一次的死里逃生，作者和女儿庆祝的是他们活了下来，故选D。
15. A. silent B. smooth
C. careful D. energetic
解析 C 由下文中的"A tiny stone can be deadly"可知，骑摩托车就是一次又一次的死里逃生，一颗小石头都有可能是致命的，因此骑手要百分百地保持小心谨慎，故选C。silent安静的，smooth平稳的，careful小心的，energetic精力充沛的。
