Welcome unit
提示：本书[语境串联]语篇中黑体词汇为本单元词汇表中的词汇及其派生词，加彩色底纹词汇为[精练精讲]中的词汇。
I am Leo， an exchange student of a seniorhighschool in China. Outgoing as I was， I felt anxious in the beginning. I was frightened that I would meet awkward or annoying situations and leave a bad impression on others. But nothing happened. The students and teachers’ kindness impressed me deeply.
As a newcomer， I am curious about everything. My new friend Leilei keeps me company when I explore the campus. He introduces the style of the lecture hall， the design of our uniform， and the organisations in the school. He also helps me improve my Chinese！
In class， I concentrateon the study and takenotes carefully. I am lookingforwardto doing experiments with my partners next week！Whatif we make mistakes？ Well， the teachers will never leave us alone for the sake of our safety. I am confident that we will make it atlast.
1 exchangen.交流；交换 vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换
3.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction for you， you can easily exchange it for any other extra course that we recommend.
4.The exchange student helped me improve my English in exchange for my teaching him Chinese.
5.I sincerely invite you to deliver a speech and exchange views/ideas on English writing with （与……就英语写作交流思想） the students. （邀请信）
6.该节日旨在促进文化交流，吸引了来自不同国家的人们。 （节日介绍）
The festival， aimed at promoting cultural exchanges ， appeals to people from different countries.
★in exchange （for...）作为（对……的）交换 an exchange student交换生 cultural exchange文化交流 ★exchange A for B用A来换成B exchange sth. with sb.和某人交换某物
2 designn.设计；设计方案 vt.设计；筹划
1.What annoyed the teacher most was that this student often lied to her by design.
2.[北师必修②－6]He engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild （rebuild） muscle， and made remarkable progress.
3.This newspaper， specially designed for our high school students， has broadened our horizons and enriched our campus life.
4.这次活动旨在让我们了解更多植物，热爱大自然。 （活动介绍）
This activity is designed to make us learn more about plants and love nature.
★be designed for.../to do sth.为……而设计/旨在做某事 ★by design 故意地 （同）on purpose， deliberately， intentionally （反）by chance，by accident
3 anxiousadj.焦虑的；不安的；渴望的；急切的
1.Every year there are plenty of graduates anxious to get （get） a good job opportunity and gain mental and financial independence from their family.
2.I’m waiting for the results anxiously （anxious） as if I were on pins and needles.
点拨
本题中，anxiously相当于with anxiety。with与抽象名词连用时，功能上相当于副词。如：with joy＝joyfully，with delight＝delightedly，with care＝carefully。
3.这对夫妇非常担心女儿的安危，他们的声音里充满了焦虑。 （读后续写之情绪描写）
→①The couple was so anxious about their daughter’s safety that their voice was full of anxiety .（so...that...结构，anxious，anxiety）
→②The couple was anxious about their daughter’s safety， their voice full of anxiety .（独立主格，anxious，anxiety）
★be anxious about sth./for sb.为……担忧 be anxious ★anxiety n.焦虑；忧虑；渴望 anxiously adv.焦虑地（＝with anxiety）
4 impressvt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象；引人注目
1.[译林选必④－2]Positive body language can help give the speaker a good impression （impress）， for example， a gentle smile， a slight nod and eye contact.
2. What impressed me most （让我印象最为深刻的） was the exchange students’ open minds to accept our culture from the bottom of their hearts.
3.Not only their remarkable performance but also the inner strength they showed in the competition left a deep impression on the audience （给观众留下了深刻的印象）.
4.这次经历使我牢记，努力总会有回报。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
This experience impressed on me that hard work would pay off one day.
★impress sb. by/with sth.……给某人留下深刻的好印象 impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人铭记…… be impressed by/with...对……印象深刻 what impressed sb. most was...让某人印象最为深刻的是…… ★impression n.印象；感想 leave/make a（n）...impression on sb.给某人留下……印象 ★impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；令人赞叹的
5 concentratevi.&vt.集中（注意力）；聚精会神（focus）
1.[人教必修②－5]Rachel is listening to peaceful music to help her concentrate on her studying.
2.It’s requested that we should concentrate more attention on caring （care） about teenagers’ mental health.
3.在过去的两周里，因为集中精力为决赛做准备，我没有给予家人足够的关心。
→① Concentrating on preparing for the final match in the past two weeks， I didn’t offer much care to my family.（分词短语作状语）
→② With my attention concentrated on preparing for the final match/With concentration on preparing for the final match in the past two weeks， I didn’t offer much care to my family.（with复合结构）
★concentrate （one’s attention/efforts） on （doing） sth.专注于（做）某事 concentrate on/upon （doing） sth.集中精力于（做）某事 ★concentration n.专心；关注；集中
6 leave...alone不打扰；不惊动
1.[北师必修②－6]A summary should leave out unnecessary details like examples and explanations.
2.None of the students on the sports field want to be left behind in the long-distance race — everyone is fighting for his class and himself！
3.Tomorrow we’ll gather at the school gate at 8 a.m. and leave for thecamp site by bus （乘公交车前往营地）. （活动安排）
4.People deal with sad feelings in different ways. Some people want to be left alone （不想被打扰），quietly enjoying their private time.
★leave out 漏掉；不理会；忽视 leave...behind 遗留；把……丢在后面 leave for 动身去（某地）
7 lookforwardto期待；盼望（expect，longfor，hopefor）
1.My little sister was looking forward to being taken （take） to the zoo when I was busy with my final exam.
2.The big day that we have been looking forward to came at last and we were moved to tears.
3.我十分希望您能接受我的邀请，也期待着您的早日答复。 （邀请信）
I do hope that you can accept my invitation and I’m looking forward to your early reply.
★look forward to中的to为介词，后接动词时应用其v-ing形式。
8 Whatif...？要是……会怎么样呢？
1.很抱歉我不能陪你去听二胡演奏会。我们下周日去听古筝演奏会怎么样？ （道歉信）
I’m really sorry that I can’t accompany you to the erhu concert. What if we go to the guzheng concert next Sunday？
2.他焦虑地自言自语："如果没人愿意买爆米花怎么办？" （读后续写之心理描写）
He said to himself with anxiety， " What if no one is willing to buy popcorn？ "
★What if＋完整句子，有以下两种用法： （1）意为"如果……怎么办呢？"，多用于指令人不愉快的事情发生； （2）意为"如果……怎样？"，用于表示建议。
9 find＋宾语＋宾补
1.[人教必修③－1]The child seemed annoyed when he found his gift broken （break）.
2.[人教必修②－4]We found ourselves very surprised （surprise） by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
3.[外研选必②－6]Today， foxes can be seen all over London — one even being found living （live） on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction！
点拨
本题中，破折号后面的内容为独立主格结构，对前面的内容进行补充说明。
4.我发现适应新的学校生活很难，因此真诚地向您寻求帮助。 （求助信）
I find it hard to adapt to the new school life ，so I sincerely ask foryour help.
★find＋宾语＋过去分词（表示被动或动作已完成） find＋宾语＋现在分词（表示主动或动作正在进行） find＋宾语＋副词/介词短语/形容词 提醒：当"find＋宾语＋宾补"中宾语为反身代词时，该结构表示"不知不觉发现自己处于某种状态"。 ★find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.（it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语）
词根-press-
本单元：im-（＝in-向内）＋press（压）→将……向内压→impress 给……留下深刻的印象
拓展：
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.Jack failed to be admitted to his dream university， so he is feeling quite depressed these days.
2.While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial， too much pressure can exhaust you.
3.Teenagers often have difficulty expressing themselves， but their feelings should be respected.
4.You should make full preparations for the job interview if you want to make a good impression on the interviewers.Unit 5 Languages Around The World
1.What’s your native language？ My mother tongue is Chinese. No matter where I live， I regard Chinese characters as the most beautiful words. One of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning， written Chinese was based on pictures. It dates back to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved. As time went by， varieties of characters were formed. After Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country， the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. In modern times， written Chinese has become an important means of connecting the present with the past. Besides， as China plays a greater role in global affairs， more foreigners begin to appreciate Chinese culture.
2.To learn a specific foreign language well demands a wide vocabulary， which is really a struggle for many learners though most of the time they can refer to a dictionary. However，from my point of view， despite the great difficulty， learning another language is a good thing，through which we can read other countries’ classics and learn different cultures of equal beauty.
1 base vt.以……为据点；把（总部等）设在；以……为基础 n.底部；根据
1.[外研选必③－4]The technology you’re using and enjoying today is a basic （base） form of AI which can’t think independently without programming.
2.[北师选必③－8]His travels were the basis （base） for his works of more than 2，000 poems，of which approximately 1，800 are still read today.
3.为了鼓励学生定期锻炼，我们学校特举办此次活动。 （活动目的）
To encourage students to exercise on a regular basis ， our school specially holds this activity.
4.The novel was based on an interesting story and it had a large audience.
Based on an interesting story， the novel had a large audience. （分词作状语）
★be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据…… ★basis n. 基础，根据，基准 on the basis of 根据 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 ★basic adj. 基本的，基础的
2 means n.方式；方法；途径
1.[外研选必①－2]I honour endurance， perseverance， industry， talent； because these are the means by which men achieve great ends...
点拨
句意：我崇敬耐力、毅力、勤奋、才能；因为这些是人类达到伟大目的的方式……
2.Every means has been tried （try）， but we still can’t find a possible solution.
点拨
（1） means单复数同形，同类的名词还有deer（鹿），sheep（绵羊），species（物种），Chinese， Japanese等。
（2）means 作主语，由 every， each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式；由all， several， many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。
3.要想学好汉语，就不要害怕跟当地人沟通，只有这样你才能取得进步。 （建议信）
To learn Chinese well， you shouldn’t be afraid to communicate with local people， and only by this means can you make progress （means）.
★a means of （doing） sth. （做）某事的方法（means单复数同形） ★by means of 用；依靠；通过 by all means 当然可以（口语） by no means 决不；一点也不 （位于句首，句子要部分倒装） ★用这种方法：by this means， in this way， in this manner， with this method
3 regard n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
1.[外研选必②－5]Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years，and are regarded as living fossils.
2.[人教选必③－3]Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations regarding （regard） further industrial development.
点拨
（1）regarding是介词，意为"关于"。近年的考情如下：
☆[2022北京]Regarding Johnson’s concerns， the author feels sympathetic.
☆[2021新高考Ⅰ]Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support， the overall effects ...
（2）与此用法类似的是concern（v. 涉及，使担忧）→concerning（prep. 关于，涉及），include（v. 包括）→including（prep. 包括……在内）
3.汉字被认为是中国文化的代表，具有特别重要的地位。 （中国文化）
→①Chinese characters are regarded as the representative of Chinese culture and enjoy a particularly important position.
→② Regarded as the representative of Chinese culture， Chinese characters enjoy a particularly important position.（分词短语作状语）
★regard/look on/consider/view...as... 把……视为…… ★give regards to sb. 向某人致意 in/with regard to 关于 ★regarding prep. 关于
4 appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激（be grateful）；领会，意识到（realize） vi.增值
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义
①[译林必修③－3]Best of all， I began to appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes， instead of through my smartphone camera. vt.欣赏
②We haven’t fully appreciated that there are many misunderstandings because of language barriers. vt.领会，意识到
③I can’t thank him enough for sharing the experience and making me appreciate the family members who have made me the person who I am. vt.感激
2.[人教选必②－1]His deep appreciation （appreciate） for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
3.I really appreciate him offering （offer）to help me， but I am sure that I will be able to finish this task by myself.
4.如果你能给我一些实用的建议，我将不胜感激。（appreciate） （求助信）
I would appreciate it if you could give me some practical suggestions.
★appreciate （sb./sb’s） doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事 I would appreciate it if...假如……，我将不胜感激。 ★appreciation n.欣赏；感激 express/convey one’s appreciation to sb. 表达对某人的感激之情
5 equal n.同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的 vt.比得上，敌得过
1.All men are born equal. Many women are equal to any challenge just as men， so they hope to be treated equally （equal）in the job market，which I believe is an unstoppable social trend.
2.要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。
Be positive and cheerful， for your mental health is of equal importance to your physical health .（be of＋抽象名词）
3.我确信我可以胜任做中国文化展的志愿者。 （申请信）
I’m convinced that I’m equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese Culture Exhibition.（be equal to）
★be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任（做）某事 equal sb./sth. in （doing） sth. 在（做）某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比 ★equally adv. 平等地，同样地 equality n.平等，相等
6 demand n.要求；需要 vi.查问 vt.强烈要求；需要
1.[译林选必③－2]The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding （demand）， but they can also be extremely rewarding.
2.With the English contest approaching， there is an urgent need for a foreign judge. （求助信）
→With the English contest approaching， a foreign judge is in great demand .（用demand改写画线部分）
3.该俱乐部要求其成员能讲至少两门外语。 （通知）
The club demands that all its members （should） speak at least two foreign languages .
4.这门课程很适合你，它能满足你作为初学者的所有需求。 （建议信）
This course is fit for you， and it can satisfy/meet all your demands as a beginner .
★be in （great） demand （迫切）需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 ★要求做某事：demand to do sth. demand that ... （should） do sth.（从句用虚拟语气） ★demanding adj. 要求高的，费力的，难满足的
7 refer to 指的是；提到（mention）；查阅； 描述（describe）
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①In all walks of life， when referring to someone’s success， we often use the words "efforts and determination". 提到
②The custom may date back to the Tang Dynasty； for detailed information， refer to the book. 查阅
点拨
refer to表示"查阅，参考"时，其后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书等； look up也可表示"查阅"，其后接需要查找的对象，常用于"look up sth.in.../look sth. up in..."结构。如：
If you don’t know what it means，refer to the dictionary.＝ If you don’t know what it means， look it up in the dictionary.如果你不知道它的意思，去查词典。
③[人教选必③－3]The "natural" greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. 指的是
2.我给你写信是要谈谈你提出的关于如何学好汉语的问题。 （建议信）
I am writing with/in reference to your question on how to learn Chinese well.（reference）
★refer to...as...将……称为…… ★reference n. 提及，涉及；查阅，参考；推荐信 with/in reference to（所述内容）关于…… reference books/materials参考书/参考资料
8 date back （to...） 追溯到
1.Of course， showing respect and admiration to elders is a Chinese tradition dating （date） back to ancient times.
2.The tourist attraction lies to the east of my village and it dates from the 15th century. （景点介绍）
→①The tourist attraction which/that dates from the 15th century lies to the east of my village.（定语从句）
→②The tourist attraction dating from the 15th century lies to the east of my village.（分词短语作定语）
3.[外研必修②－4]京剧（Peking Opera）可以追溯到18世纪，已经有200多年的历史。 （中国文化）
Dating back to the 18th century， Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. （分词作状语）
★date back to＝date from＝go back to，三者均没有被动语态，常用于一般现在时，不用于进行时，作定语或状语时常用v-ing形式。 ★date back to和date from后接时间点，date back 后接时间段，可以与go back 互换。
9 be of＋抽象名词
1.[译林必修①－1] Of equal importance are good study habits， useful skills and a positive attitude.
点拨
该句为倒装句，表语提前是为了强调且避免头重脚轻。正常语序为：Good study habits， useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.
2.A harmonious family is beneficial to a child’s all-round development.
→A harmonious family is of benefit to a child’s all-round development.（be of＋抽象名词）
3.在我看来，下面这些建议可能对你有用。 （建议信）
As far as I am concerned， the following suggestions may be of help to you . （be of＋抽象名词）
点拨
be of color/age/size/shape/kind/quality 不能转化为同根形容词，常在句中作表语或后置定语。这类名词前常用different， the same， this， that等来修饰或说明。如：Choose foods of different colors. They are of the same age.
★"be of＋抽象名词"相当于"be＋该名词的同根形容词"。常见的抽象名词有importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词前可用great，little，much等修饰，以说明程度。
10 the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
1.There are lots of ways to attract others’ attention in a meeting. Usually， the stranger （strange） the idea is， the more it gets noticed.
2.从这次活动中，我们认识到健身是非常重要的。我们锻炼得越多，就会越健康。（感悟升华）
From this activity， we have realized that building up our body is of great importance. And the more exercise we take， the healthier we will be .
3.If you know more about our traditional culture， you’ll be more interested in it. （推荐信）
The more you know about our traditional culture， the more interested in it you’ll be. （用"the＋比较级...，the＋比较级..."升级）
★"the＋比较级...，the＋比较级..."意为"越……，就越……"，主从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 ★从结构上看，第一个"the＋比较级..."是表示条件的状语从句（在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来）；第二个"the＋比较级..."是主句。
前缀sub-
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.Russia sent two small submarines to plant a tiny national flag under the North Pole years ago and then the race to secure subsurface rights to the Arctic hotted up. n.潜水艇 ； adj.地下的
2.The main title and subtitle for the graph are drawn in the center of the image. n.副标题
3.The mind-body connection is such that if， for example， we want to avoid something， very often our subconscious mind will arrange it. adj.下意识的，潜意识的 Unit 1 Teenage Life
1.I have just graduated from junior high school. It seems that I will have a tight schedule in the coming years. As a freshman at senior high school， I am attracted to the extra-curricular activities. However， it can be a challenge for me to choose from the Ballet Club， the Volunteer Club， the Debate Club，etc. My friend recommends the Ballet Club， but actually， I prefer to signupfor the Literature Club because I want to be an editor so that I can do something for the young generation.
2.Technological advance makes some teenagersaddictedto the online world， which makes it very difficult to focuson other things in life. Everyone is responsible for a better society. Obviously， the youth are no exception. Never be confused about when and where we should take action. The present is always the most suitable time！
1 prefervt.较喜欢
1.[人教选必①－5]That the lifestyle is slower and healthier is the reason why some people prefer to live （live） in the country rather than in the city.
点拨
注意空后的rather than，prefer与其构成prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.结构。
2.Life seems to show preference （prefer） for the youth as they are energetic and full of hope.
3.According to the online report， many teenagers prefer surfing the Internet at home to taking （take） exercise outdoors.
点拨
此处为prefer doing sth. to doing sth.结构，to在此处为介词。
4.I would like to take a walk outside rather than watch short videos at home in my spare time.
→①I prefer taking a walk outside to watching short videos at home in my spare time.
→②I prefer to take a walk outside rather than watch short videos at home in my spare time.
→③I would rather take a walk outside than watch short videos at home in my spare time.
★prefer （doing）A to （doing）B 喜欢（做）A而不喜欢（做）B prefer to do/doing sth.更喜欢做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.（＝would rather do sth. than do sth.） 宁愿做某事也不愿做某事 ★preferred adj. 更合意的，更好的 ★preference n. 偏爱，偏好 have a preference for 对……偏爱，喜欢
2 confusedadj.糊涂的；迷惑的
1.From the teacher’s confused look， we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a confusing question to him.（confuse）
点拨
通常-ing形容词表示"令人……的"，形容事物；-ed形容词表示"感到……的"，形容人，也可以修饰人的情绪或表情。如：a confused look 困惑的表情。
2.[人教必修②－4]Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion （confuse）.
3.现在越来越多的人对该吃什么才能保持健康这个问题感到困惑。 （引入话题）
→①Now an increasing number of people are/get confused about what they should eat to stay healthy.（confused）
→②As for more and more people， there is a/some confusion as to what to eat to stay healthy.（confusion）
★be/get confused about...＝there is a/some confusion as to...不清楚……；对……感到困惑 ★confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑 confuse A and/with B 把A与B混淆 ★confusing adj.难以理解的 confusion n.不确定，困惑
3 recommendvt.建议；推荐；介绍（advise，suggest）
1.If you choose to eat in a restaurant， environmental advocates recommend that you （should） bring （bring） your own reusable container to pack up leftovers.
2.Reading club is a great place to go to see what everyone is reading， or to get recommendations （recommend） based on specific authors or titles you’ve enjoyed.
3.[人教必修①－3]All that fat has become muscle now. If you want to lose weight， too， I recommend using （use） the spin bike.
4.因为你喜欢中国诗歌，所以我向你推荐这本书。 （推荐信）
I recommend the book to you since you have a preference for Chinese poetry.
5.强烈建议你们先去颐和园游玩。 （建议信）
→①I strongly recommend you to visit the Summer Palace first.（不定式）
→②I strongly recommend that you （should）visit the Summer Palace first. （宾语从句）
→③ It’s strongly recommended that you （should）visit the Summer Palace first. （it作形式主语）
★recommend doing sth.建议做某事 recommend sb.to do sth.＝ recommend that sb. （should） do sth.建议某人做某事 It is recommended that sb. （should） do...建议某人做…… ★recommend sb./sth. to sb.向某人推荐某人/物 recommend sb. as...推荐某人担任…… ★recommendation n.推荐；介绍；建议
4 advancevi.行进，前进；发展 vt.发展，进步；促进，推动 n.前进；发展
1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义
A. progress or a development B. to help sth. to succeed
C. to make progress D. to move forward
①Our knowledge of the disease has advanced obviously over recent years. C
②We live in an age of rapid technological advance. A
③They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall. D
④Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career. B
2.[外研选必④－6]To see even further into the universe，many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced （advance） telescopes.
3.It’s cheaper if you arrange your schedule in advance.
4.这次活动大大提高了我对身边植物的认识。 （活动报道）
This activity has greatly advanced my understanding of plants around me.
★in advance 提前（＝ahead of time） ★advanced adj.高级的；先进的 advanced technology 先进技术
5 responsibleadj.负责的；有责任的
1.[人教选必③－3]A breakdown in the computer system was responsible for yesterday’s chaos in the subway station.
点拨
注意本句中的breakdown"（车辆或机器的）故障，损坏"为复合名词，由动词短语break down"出故障，坏掉"转化而来。类似的复合名词还有letdown"失望，令人失望的事"（let down使失望），breakthrough"突破，重大进展"（break through突破，取得突破性成就）， makeup"构造，组成；化妆品"（make up形成，构成；化妆，上妆）等。
2.[人教选必②－5]We are all humans and we all have a responsibility （responsible） to look after one another’s welfare.
3.作为家庭的一分子，我也应该承担起必要的家庭责任。 （感悟）
As a member of my family， I’m also supposed to take on/shoulder the necessary family responsibilities .
4.保护环境，人人有责。 （倡议）
It’s everyone’s responsibility to protect the environment.
★be responsible for 对……负责 ★responsibility n.负责；责任 take responsibility for 对……负责 take on/shoulder responsibilities 承担责任 a sense of responsibility 责任感 It’s one’s responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任。
6 schedulen.工作计划；日程安排 vt.安排；预定
1.We should give this project every support so that it may be completed on schedule.
2.The contest， scheduled （schedule） to be held in our school hall on January 18th， will focus on the traditional Chinese culture.
点拨
本题易错填is scheduled。解题时应注意分析句子结构，本句主语是The contest，谓语是will focus on，空处用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰contest。
3.尽管天气很糟糕，足球比赛还是按计划进行。 （活动报道）
The football match went on as scheduled in spite of the poor weather.
4.我们学校计划于6月6日举行英语演讲比赛。（通知）
Our school is scheduled to hold an English speech contest on June 6th./Our school English speech contest is scheduled for June 6th.
★ahead of schedule （＝ahead of time）提前 behind schedule 滞后 on schedule 准时 ★be scheduled to do sth.计划/安排做某事 be scheduled for... 定于……时间 as scheduled如期；按照预定时间
7 attractvt.吸引；引起……的兴趣（或注意）
1.He became attracted to basketball at the age of seven.
2.The tourist attraction （attract） I strongly recommend is Mount Tai located in the middle of Shandong Province.
3.[人教选必②－3]It was beautiful and elegant！ We’ve never been to such an attractive （attract）restaurant before.
4.You’d better be well prepared and try to give your speech in a humorous way， so you can attract the students’ attention （吸引学生的注意） and get a good result.（建议信）
5.[人教选必④－2]Thailand is a premier holiday destination， attracting tourists from all over the world （吸引了来自世界各地的游客）.（现在分词作状语） （景点介绍）
★be attracted to喜爱，被……所吸引 attract one’s attention/interest吸引某人的注意/兴趣 ★attraction n.吸引；有吸引力的事 a tourist attraction 旅游胜地 ★attractive adj.吸引人的
8 focusvi.&vt.集中（精力、注意力等）；（使）调节焦距 n.中心；重点；焦点
1.关注别人对我的看法只会让事情变得更糟，因此我必须学会爱自己和接受自己。
（读后续写之主旨升华）
Focusing on what other people thought of me only made things even worse， so I must learn to love and accept myself for who I am.
2.完全没想到，我的视频成了关注的焦点，使我一炮而红。
Much to my surprise， my video became the focus of attention ， making me an instant hit.
★focus on/upon集中（注意力）；特别关注 focus one’s attention/energy on/upon...集中某人的注意力/精力于…… ★the focus of attention 关注的焦点 bring...into focus使……成为焦点 ★keep/stay focused保持专注/集中注意力
9 addictedto对……入迷
1.I discovered an addiction （addict） to housework which I had never felt before.
2.如今，越来越多的青少年沉迷于看手机视频，眼睛整天盯着屏幕。
Nowadays， an increasing number of/a growing number of/more and more teenagers become addicted to watching mobile videos with their eyes glued to the screen all day long.
点拨
注意be addicted to中的to为介词，其后要用动词-ing作宾语。常见的含介词to的短语还有：be devoted to专心致志于；be used/accustomed to习惯于；look forward to期望；pay attention to注意。
★be/become addicted to沉迷于（to是介词） ★addict n.对……入迷的人 addicted adj.入迷的；上瘾的 addiction n.瘾；入迷；嗜好
10 sothat引导的目的状语从句
1.下次你来我们的城市时，一定要提前给我打电话，这样我可以做一些必要的安排。
The next time you visit our city， you must call me ahead of schedule so that I can make some necessary arrangements .
2.父母和孩子应该多交流，以便能更好地理解彼此。
→①Parents and children should communicate more so that they can understand each other better . （so that）
→② In order to understand each other better ， parents and children should communicate more. （in order to）
★so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中谓语动词常和情态动词连用，且so that可以与in order that换用，也可改写为in order to或so as to开头的目的状语。 ★so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为"因此，所以"。
11 动词＋it＋adj./n.（＋forsb.）＋不定式
1.[译林选必③－3]We have made it a rule that visitors must not touch the china vases.
2.[外研选必②－5]Experts felt it necessary to come （come） up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.
3.Do you think it no point studying （study） something that you like but you are not very good at？
4.你最好提前掌握一些基本的中文，这样会让你更容易适应在北京的新生活。 （建议信）
★适用于该结构的动词有think，believe，make，find，consider，feel等。 ★该结构中的it作形式宾语，其后的不定式是真正的宾语。该结构中不定式还可以换成动词-ing形式或从句，如： 动词＋it＋adj./n.＋doing sth. 动词＋it＋adj./n.＋从句
You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance， which will make it easier for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing . （非限制性定语从句）
-ing形容词和-ed形容词
-ing形容词表示物的性质/特征；-ed形容词表示人的主观感受，也可修饰look（表情）， smile，voice， expression等名词。
-ing形容词 -ed形容词
本单元 confusing令人困惑的；难以理解的 confused迷惑的
拓展 annoying令人厌烦的 annoyed恼怒的
exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到兴奋的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的
interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的
amazing令人惊叹的 amazed感到惊奇的
frightening吓人的 frightened受惊吓的
embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed感到尴尬的
boring无聊的 bored感到无聊的
astonishing令人惊讶的 astonished感到惊讶的
worrying令人担忧的 worried担忧的
1.[译林选必③－3]The records show that the visitors were astonished （astonish） by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.
2.Public speaking used to be an embarrassing （embarrass） situation for me but now I’m expert at it after I signed up for a training programme and practiced it numerous times.
3.[人教必修②－4]Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape， which made it look amazing （amaze）.
4.I turned around and found a worried （worry） look on my dad’s face.
5.[外研选必③－6]Personally，I enjoy Carson’s book.She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting （interest） and accessible to millions of people.
6.[北师必修③－8]When stopped in a traffic jam， I always feel annoyed （annoy）.Unit 2 Travelling Around
1.Thanks to the convenient transport facilities， different civilisations are easily available to us. Do you want to admire the emperors’ castles in England？ Are you amazed at the statues and architecture in Italy？ Do you want to hike in the Egyptian desert？ If your answers are yes， please choose your destination，applyfor your visa and get your passport first. If you want a packagetour， you can contact the travel agency who will make all arrangements for you. You can also choose to takecontrolof your schedule， from flights to accommodations. Just pack your suitcase， and amazingviews are waiting for you.
2. As is known to all， 56 peoples makeup the big family of China， whose official language is Chinese. As an extremelypowerful country， China is well recognised by the world. Its tourism is booming with the rapid development of economy. Otherthanuniquesights， China has different types of delicious food and charming customs. For a good travel experience， find comments on the tourist sites and restaurants in advance. Be sure to take your ID card as you’re requested to show it when checkingin a hotel. And don’t forget your creditcard！
1 applyvi.&vt.申请；请求 vt.应用；涂（油漆、乳剂）；勤奋工作，努力学习 vi.适用，适合
3.[外研选必④－1]Well， it sounds wonderful， but I had already decided to take the college entrance exam and apply to the Medical School there.
点拨
apply作"申请"讲时，介词to后的宾语是人、机构、组织等，如学校、公司等；介词for后的宾语是希望得到的具体事物，如职位、工作等。
4.Wang Wen applied to become （become） a Chinese teacher in an international school in Africa， hoping that she could apply what she learned in the university to the teaching career. To her delight， she was chosen from hundreds of applicants （apply） and now she is applying herself to teaching （teach） the students to learn Chinese and Chinese culture.
5.I’d appreciate it if my application （apply） could be taken into consideration. （申请信）
6.了解到科学博物馆需要暑假里的英语志愿者，我写信来申请这个职位。 （申请信）
Learning that English volunteers for the Science Museum are wanted in the summer vacation， I am writing to apply for this position .
★apply （to...） for... （向……）申请…… apply to do sth.申请做某事 apply oneself to...专心致志于，致力于 apply...to... 把……应用于……中；把……涂到……上 apply to sth.适用于…… ★application n. 申请；申请表；运用 applicant n.申请人
2 amazingadj.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的（surprising，astonishing）
1.She was amazed at the result of the experiment， which her advisor also thought amazing .（amaze）
点拨
本题中，which引导的非限制性定语从句中有"think＋宾语＋形容词"结构，在该结构中，形容词作宾语补足语，修饰宾语。thought it（＝the result）amazing相当于thought that the result was amazing。
2.[外研选必③－4]We have received over 500 entries and have been amazed by/at your imaginations！
3. Amazed and moved （既惊讶又感动）， Mom hugged the twins with a happy smile welling up on her face at the sight of the birthday cake.（读后续写之情感描写）
4. To my amazement （让我惊讶的是）， instead of scolding me， my father just patted me on my shoulder and asked whether I needed help. （读后续写之情感、动作描写）
★It’s amazing that... ……令人惊讶。 ★amazingly adv. 大为吃惊地 ★amazed adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的 be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶 be amazed to see/find/discover...很惊讶地看到/发现…… ★to one’s amazement令某人惊讶的是
3 arrangementn.安排；筹备（plan，preparation）
1.We have arranged to watch （watch） an English film from 16：00 to 17：00 at our school theatre tomorrow.
2.I have arranged for Tom to pick up the expert at the airport and the journalists have made arrangements （arrange） for an interview with him.
3.我给你安排了一些特别的活动，希望能帮你更好地了解我们的城市。 （推介信）
I arrange some special activities for you ，through which I hope you can have a better understanding of our city.
★make an arrangement/make arrangements for 为……做安排 ★arrange to do sth.安排做某事 arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事 arrange sth. for sb.为某人安排……
4 recognisevt.辨别出；承认（admit，acknowledge）；认可（approve）；赞赏；表彰
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①In April， during Volunteer Week， the Canadian National Institute for the Blind recognised Doris Low for her great contributions. 表彰
②China’s image is improving steadily， with more countries recognising its role in international affairs. 承认
③Though we haven’t seen each other for years，I recognised him from his voice. 辨别出
2.Mount Huangshan is recognised as one of the most attractive places in China.
3.The city has been built up so fast that it has changed beyond recognition （recognise）.
4.人们普遍认为没有什么比青山绿水更重要。
→① It’s widely recognised that nothing is more important than clear waters and green mountains.
→②Clear waters and green mountains are widely recognised to be more important than anything.
★be recognised to be/as... 被公认为…… It’s （widely） recognised that... 人们普遍认为…… ★beyond/out of recognition 认不出来
5 admirevt.钦佩，赞赏；欣赏
1.We admire Tu Youyou for her great contributions to the field of medicine.
2.I’d like to express my admiration （admire） for the courage and devotion of the firefighters.
3.The Mid-Autumn Festival is an appealing and important festival when people admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes （赏月和吃月饼）. （节日介绍）
★admire sb. for （doing） sth.赞赏/钦佩某人做某事 admire the moon赏月 ★admiration n. 钦佩，羡慕 admirable adj. 令人羡慕的
6 contactvt.联络；联系 n.联系；接触（touch）
1.[北师选必②－6]I spend a lot of time on my phone because I like to keep in constant contact with my friends.
2.After being out of/losing contact （失去联系） for almost twenty years，they met by accident at a party， so they got into/made contact with each other （和彼此取得联系） again.
3.如需更多关于故宫的信息，可以通过123456543@dpm.与我联系。（景点介绍）
For more information about the Forbidden City， contact me at 123456543@dpm..
★contact sb. at通过（邮箱、电话等）联系某人 ★get into/make contact with（＝get in touch with）和……取得联系 stay/keep in contact with（＝keep in touch with）与……保持联系 be out of/lose contact with 与……失去联系
7 requestn.（正式或礼貌的）要求；请求 vt.（正式或礼貌地）要求；请求
1.Any student who wants to participate in the contest is requested to submit （submit） his or her work by 1 May. （通知）
2. At the request of the audience， the show has been extended for another six weeks.
3.The school canteen requires that every grain （should） not be wasted （每一粒粮食都不能浪费）.
4.申请人必须精通中英文。 （招聘启事）
It is requested that the applicants （should） have a good command of both Chinese and English./The applicants are requested to have a good knowledge of both Chinese and English.
★make a request for...请求/要求…… at one’s request应某人要求 ★要求某人做某事： request sb. to do sth. request that sb. （should） do sth. It’s requested that sb. （should） do sth.
8 makeup构成，形成；编造（故事、谎言等）；补上，作出补偿；铺床；化妆；和好，和解
结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
1.You must focus on your study from now on and try to make up the time lost in the past. 补上，弥补
2.[人教选必④－2]After being here for a while，my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. 组成
3.He made up an excuse about his daughter being sick. 编造
4.One lucky winner will have the chance to be made up and photographed. 化妆
5.They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they made up at last. 和好
★make up for 弥补；补偿 make up with与……和好 make up one’s mind下定决心 be made up of由……构成 ★make out 辨认出；明白；理解 make it准时到达；取得成功
9 强调句
1.It was when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
2.Sometimes it is your intelligence not your efforts that determines （determine） your achievement.
点拨
强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的人称和数应与被强调的主语保持一致。本题中，被强调的是主语your intelligence not your efforts，主语的中心词为intelligence，谓语动词的人称和数应与其保持一致。
3.正是在你的周到帮助下，我才有了这么一次愉快又大开眼界的经历。 （感谢信）
It was with your thoughtful/considerate help that I had such a pleasant and eye-opening experience.
4.She didn’t know about China’s rich history and culture until she first travelled to China last year.
→① It was not until she first travelled to China last year that she knew about China’s rich history and culture. （含not until的强调句）
→② Not until she first travelled to China last year did she know about China’s rich history and culture. （倒装句）
★基本结构：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分 ★含not until的强调句：It is/was＋not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分 ★如何判断强调句：去掉it is/was和that/who之后，剩下的部分仍能组成完整的句子。
表示人的后缀
本单元：emperor n. 皇帝 soldier n. 士兵；军人
拓展：
词缀 例词
-or actor 演员 author 作家 inventor 发明家 professor 教授
-er beginner 新手 master 大师；主人 firefighter 消防员 driver 司机
-ar beggar 乞丐 scholar 学者 liar 说谎者
-ist idealist 理想主义者 journalist 新闻记者specialist 专家biologist 生物学家
-ian historian 历史学家 comedian喜剧演员 magician魔术师 librarian图书管理员
-ant accountant 会计师 applicant 申请人 servant 仆人 participant 参与者
-ent agent 代理人opponent 对手resident 居民 client 委托人，当事人
-ee employee 雇员 examinee 应试者 interviewee 被面试者；被采访者
-ess/-ress hostess 女主人 princess 公主actress 女演员waitress 女服务员
1.[北师必修③－7]The musician （music） hesitated with nervousness before he began to play.
2.[外研选必③－4]Thanks to AI， I’ve got my own super-smart personal assistant （assist） built into my phone.
3.Jules Verne， the famed French poet， novelist （novel）， and playwright（剧作家）， is known as "Father of Science Fiction".
4.Imagine you are an editor （edit） of a volunteer website， and what do you want to say to the college students？
5.[北师选必①－1]If a teenager （teenage） is seen as weak or different by the majority of their peers， they can become a target for bullies.Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
1.Hosting the Olympics is a great honour for a country and its people. Each Olympics witnessed countless legends from different events. Lang Ping’s determination never fellapart even if the team captain had to leave because of heart problems and one of the best players got injured. Jordan’s graceful moves and the mental strength that he showed made him unique. They both competed against/with the other competitors for medals，championships and honour. Millions of people are their fans and the audience is crazy about them. They setanexample to us and have brought glory to their countries by paying countless sweat， learning from failures and never givingup.
2.We needn’t compare ourselves with professional athletes or pretend to be sports lovers. That doesn’t makesense. But we should live a healthy life， which really makesadifference. Some people seem to focus on their weight ratherthanfitness nowadays. Expecting to become slim just by cuttingout the food you eat is unhealthy and may bring you mental stress. The right way is to workout regularly and have a balanced ealong and you can makeit！
1 honourn.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 vt.尊敬；给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）
1.When Tu Youyou was honoured with the Nobel Prize， she said， "This is not only an honour for myself， but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China."
2.It is a great honour for me to be invited （invite） to address this international AI conference.
3.The government set up a school in honour of （为了纪念）heroes who fought for the honour of our country.
4.我很荣幸能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲。 （演讲稿）
→① It’s an honour for me to have a precious chance to deliver a speech here.（it作形式主语）
→② I feel it an honour to have a precious chance to deliver a speech here.（it作形式宾语）
→③ I feel/am honoured to have a precious chance to deliver a speech here.（honour v.）
5.我是否有幸邀请您来参加以"运动与健康"为主题的讲座？ （邀请信）
May I have the honour of inviting you to attend the lecture on the theme of Sports and Fitness？ （have the honour of...）
★It’s an honour for sb. to do sth. ＝Sb. feels it an honour to do sth. ＝Sb. is/feels honoured to do sth. 某人为做某事感到荣幸。 have the honour of sth./doing sth.有幸做某事 in honour of 向……表示敬意；为纪念…… ★honour sb. with sth.（for sth.）（因某事）给某人……奖励、头衔、称号
2 determinationn.决心，决定（decision）
1.[外研选必④－4]To succeed in business， you need more than a good idea， hard work and determination （determine）.
2.[人教必修③－4]However， some scientists were determined to help （help） humans realise their dream to explore space.
3. Determined （determine） to be stronger， I took part in many physical activities.
4.这次比赛教会了我要勇于接受挑战，坚定地面对困难。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
This competition taught me to be brave enough to accept challenges and face difficulties with determination .
★with determination 坚决地 the determination to do sth.做某事的决心 ★determine to do sth.决心做某事（表示动作） ★determined adj. 坚决的，坚定的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事（表示状态）
3 strengthn.力量，体力（power）；毅力，坚强决心；实力；深度；长处
4.Music can strengthen （strength）the heart and shorten the recovery time of patients who are suffering from heart disease.
点拨
动词后缀-en表示"使成为，变得"。如：strength（n. 力量，体力）＋-en→strengthen（v. 增强），short（adj. 短的）＋-en→shorten（v. 变短）。
5.练中国功夫不但能增强体力，还能培养一个人的性格。 （中国文化）
Practising Chinese kung fu not only builds up one’s strength ， but also develops one’s character.
6.首先，你得清楚地了解自己在运动方面的强项和弱项，从而选择最适合自己的体育运动。 （建议信）
First of all， you are supposed to be clear about your strengths and weaknesses in sports ， and choose the sport most suitable for you.
★build up one’s strength 增强体力 with all one’s strength 用尽全力 strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势 ★strengthen vt.&vi. 加强，巩固
4 competevi.竞争，对抗
1.The young competitor （compete） came to Beijing to compete for the honour of his country. In the fierce competition （compete）， he earned a chance to compete in the final（决赛）.
2.Nowadays， graduates have to be equipped with many abilities to fight for good jobs in the highly competitive （compete） market.
3.人生就像长跑比赛，在这场比赛中，我们常常在与他人竞争的过程中超越自我。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
Life is like a long race where we often compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves.
★compete with/against 和……竞争 compete for 为……竞争 compete in 参加……比赛 ★competition n. 竞争 competitor n. 竞争者，对手；参赛者 competitive adj. 有竞争力的；竞争的
5 pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮
1.Jack pretended to be doing （do） his homework when his mom came back home from work.Indeed，he was watching football games on TV the whole afternoon.
2.她假装不兴奋，可脸上的表情却将她的心绪暴露无遗。 （读后续写之神态描写）
→① She pretended that she wasn’t excited ， but the expression on her face was a dead giveaway.（从句）
→② She pretended not to be excited ， but the expression on her face was a dead giveaway.（不定式）
点拨
pretend后接宾语从句与后接不定式可以互相转换，但有一个前提：宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同（本题中，主语均是she）。
★pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是…… pretend to do/to be doing/to have done sth.假装做某事/正在做某事/做过某事 pretend＋that 从句假装……
6 stressn.压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
1.Life is stressful for most people， but if we get enough sleep and eat properly， and if we exercise and set aside some time for fun， we’ll probably feel less stressed .（stress）
2.你最好早点儿到，因为中国人很重视守时。 （建议信）
→①You’d better arrive a little earlier as Chinese people stress the great importance of punctuality. （stress v.）
→②You’d better arrive a little earlier as Chinese people lay/put/place great stress on punctuality. （stress n.）
★under stress在压力之下 reduce/relieve one’s stress减轻某人的压力 put/lay/place stress on...强调，重视…… ★stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性 stress out/stress sb. out （使）某人焦虑不安 ★stressed （out）adj. 焦虑不安的 stressful adj.（状况、经历）压力大的，紧张的
7 giveup放弃；投降
1.Although their strength was giving out ， no participants gave up halfway.
2.Never give in to the temporary difficulty. Sunshine always comes after the storm. （读后续写之主旨升华）
3.Saying too much can give away the secret （泄露秘密） you try to hide.
4.Our society encourages teenagers to give up the seat to the elderly （给老人让座） on the bus.
点拨
give up sth.还可表示"让出某物"。
5.Bicycles are environmentally friendly， since they won’t give off waste gas （释放废气）.
6.尽管失败了很多次，他们没有放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。 （读后续写之动作描写）
Having failed many times， they didn’t give up and finally delicious popcorn was made.
★give up sth. to sb.把……交给/让与某人 give up on sb.对某人不再抱希望（或不再相信） ★give away 赠送，捐赠；泄露，暴露 give in （to...）（向……）屈服，（向……）让步；呈上，交上 give off 发出，放出（光、热、气味等） give out 分发，散发；用完，耗尽 give way to退步；让步 give sb. a hand 帮某人个忙
8 makesense有道理，讲得通；是明智的，合乎情理；表述清楚，易于理解
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①Nobody can predict the future. So it makes good sense to save money for a rainy day. 非常明智
②[北师选必②－4]So now that we have established how important humour is to British people， what exactly makes them laugh？ And does British humour make sense to other cultures？ 易于理解
③In English，some sentences contain a clause with essential information.If you take away the clause， the sentence won’t make sense. 讲得通
2.You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can make sense of what he says （你就可以理解他讲的内容）. （建议信）
3. There’s no sense in comparing you with others （把你和别人比较是没有意义的）all the time. Everyone is unique. （劝慰信）
4.有时候一个小小的善举也很有意义，它使得这个世界更加友好。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
Sometimes， a small act of kindness makes much sense， making the world friendlier .（现在分词作状语）
点拨
本单元中关于make的短语还有make predictions（作出预测）、make a difference（有作用或影响）、make a conversation（编对话）等。其他常用的短语还有make an excuse（找借口）、make a mistake（犯错误）、make an effort（付出努力）、make the bed（铺床）、make a noise（发出响声）、make the most of（充分利用）等。
★make sense of 理解，弄懂（复杂或不寻常的事物） ★It makes （no） sense （for sb.） to do sth.（某人）做某事是（不）明智的。 There’s no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理/意义。
9 makeadifference有作用，有关系，有影响
1.Though we completely differ from each other in character， we are still great friends.
2.The twins are so alike； it’s difficult to tell the difference between them （区分他们）.
3.毕竟，是我们共同的努力才能影响环境。所以，我们立即行动起来吧。 （倡议）
After all， it is our joint efforts that can make a difference to the environmental protection . So let’s take action right now. （强调句型）
★make a difference to... 对……有作用/有影响 make a big/some/no/little difference （to...）有很大/一些/没有/极小作用或影响 tell the difference （between...and...）辨别/区分（……与……的）不同 ★differ from... in...与……在……方面不同 be different from...in... 与……在……方面不同
10 seem＋不定式
1.[译林必修①－2]Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn （turn） into a battle？ Have your once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded？
2.[外研必修③－4]One moment she seems to be laughing （laugh） at me， but then again I catch a sense of sadness in her smile. （读后续写之情感描写）
点拨
句意：有一刻她似乎在嘲笑我，但后来我又从她的笑容中感受到了悲伤。此处表示当时正在做的事情，因此seems后用to be laughing。
3.一开始，坚持锻炼似乎很难，我甚至没有尝试就想放弃。 （求助信）
→①At the beginning， keeping exercising seemed to be difficult so I wanted to give up even without having a try.（seem to do）
→②At the beginning， it seemed that keeping exercising was difficult so I wanted to give up even without having a try.（it seems that...）
→③At the beginning， it seemed difficult to keep exercising so I wanted to give up even without having a try.（it seems＋adj.＋to do sth.）
★seem to do sth. 好像/似乎要做某事 seem to be doing sth.好像/似乎正在做某事 seem to have done sth.好像/似乎已经做了某事 ★其他含seem的句型： It seems （to sb.） that...（在某人看来）似乎…… It seems＋adj./n.＋to do sth.做某事看起来…… It seems as if/as though...看起来好像…… There seems to be...似乎有……；好像有……
形容词后缀-ful/-less
-ful与-less是一对意思相反的形容词后缀，-ful表示"充满……的，有……性质（或倾向）的" ，-less表示"没有，无"。
-ful形容词 -less形容词
本单元 graceful 优美的，优雅的 graceless 粗鲁的，不优美的
拓展 stressful 压力重的，紧张的 stressless 没有压力的
painful 令人痛苦的 painless 无痛的
本单元 graceful 优美的，优雅的 graceless 粗鲁的，不优美的
拓展 powerful 强有力的，有影响力的 powerless 无影响力的，无权的
hopeful 满怀希望的 hopeless 无望的
meaningful 重要的；有意义的 meaningless 不重要的；无意义的
1.[人教必修②－5]When you want to explain something difficult to somebody， it is helpful （help）to use easier words with the same meaning.
2.She sits at home all day， watching TV and feeling useless （use）， but she decides to make some changes.
3.[外研必修③－5]Although the 300 kg adult males can look a bit scary — don’t worry， they’re harmless （harm）！
4.[外研选必④－1]It is wonderful （wonder） to meet such friendly local people who are happy to share their lives with us.
5.[2019江苏]We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful （power） animal on earth.Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Natural disasters， like drought，flood，typhoons， and earthquakes， are becoming more frequent nowadays. All have bad effects on humans’ life， making us suffer from terrible injuries and serious damage. The Tangshan earthquake in 1976 shocked the world then — about 90 percent of the homes in the city were destroyed， and electricity was hard to get because power was cut off. A large city lay inruins. Millions of people were affected and had to face death. It seemed asif the world were coming to an end. Thankfully， 150，000 soldiers were sent to start rescue work. They dug out those who were trapped，buried the dead and built shelters for those who survived the disaster. The tireless effortspaid off. Slowly， the city began to breathe again.
In this fight， humans showed great courage and wisdom. And what we learned from the disaster is to keep firstaidkitonhand in case of emergency. When a disaster strikes a place， it’s usually difficult to deliver food and supplies within a short time， but as long as we stay calm， positive and united， no disaster will defeat us.
1 affectvt.影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭；使感染
1.Unluckily， he was affected （affect） with a serious illness， which made his parents deeply concerned.
2.We must take effective measures to prevent the area from being affected （affect） by drought.
3.总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。 （短文投稿）
In summary， the English newspaper Youth affects me greatly或has a great effect/impact/influence on/upon me . I’m often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper.
★be affected by... 受……影响，被……感动 be affected with... 感染……疾病 ★（形近）effect n. 效应；结果；影响；效果 ★have an effect/impact/influence on/upon 对……产生影响
2 shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊（amaze，surprise，astonish）
1.This is one of the most shocking （shock） weather events I’ve ever witnessed.
2.I was shocked to hear （hear） the news that an earthquake happened in Sichuan Province， killing more than one hundred people.
3.Every staff member was in shock when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic.
点拨
介词in和许多表示情绪的名词搭配使用时，可用来描写人物的心情，如in surprise/amazement（惊讶地），in fear/horror（惊恐地）等。
4.Peter worked hard in the company and won praise from his boss and colleagues， but his name was on the lay-off（裁员） list. This gave him a shock/This made him shocked/This was shocking news for him/This came as a shock to him . （情景续写）
★come as/be a great shock to sb.令某人大为震惊 in shock震惊，吃惊 ★shocked adj. 震惊的，惊讶的 be shocked at/by sth.对某事感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊 ★shocking adj. 令人震惊的
3 buryvt.埋葬；安葬
1.[译林选必②－4]The time capsule， buried （bury）50 feet below the ground in a park， was designed to be opened in the year 6939.
2.听到自己的家人被埋在废墟之下，他双手掩面，忍不住哭了出来。（读后续写之情绪描写）
Hearing that his family were buried in ruins ， he buried his face in his hands and couldn’t hold back his tears.
3.Focusing on what he was doing， he didn’t even notice it was getting dark outside.
★be buried in （doing） sth.＝bury oneself in （doing） sth. 埋头于，专心于（做）某事 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 be buried in thought 陷入沉思（＝be lost in thought）
→ Burying himself in /Buried in what he was doing ， he didn’t even notice it was getting dark outside.（用bury改写画线部分）
4 effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
1.[人教必修③－4]As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow （grow） enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
2.As a senior high school student， you must make efforts/make an effort to improve the necessary communication skills （努力提高必要的沟通技巧）and develop critical and independent thinking. （建议信）
3.We’d better try our best to prepare ourselves for tomorrow so that we can have a bright future.
→We’d better make every effort/spare no effort to prepare ourselves for tomorrow so that we can have a bright future.（用effort升级画线部分）
4.学生应该专心学习。毕竟没有人能毫不费力地通过所有考试。（apply， effort）
Students are supposed to apply themselves to studying. After all，nobody can pass all the exams without effort.
点拨
apply oneself to （doing） sth. 勤奋工作；努力学习
★make an effort/efforts to do sth. 努力去做某事 make every effort to do sth.＝spare no effort to do sth. 尽一切努力去做某事 ★in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 without effort毫不费力地 with（an） effort费劲地
5 suffervt.遭受，蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
1.It is shocking to see the patient suffering/suffer from poverty and diseases and we all want to do something to help this sufferer out of his suffering（s） .（suffer）
2.Studies show that if people always sit before computer screens for long hours， they will have back problems from which they will suffer in the rest of their life.
点拨
本题中，back problems后面是"介词＋which"引导的定语从句。suffer from"遭受；患病"，是固定搭配，此处介词from提前了。
3.虽然自然灾难可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信只要我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。 （读后续写之主旨升华）
Although natural disasters may make us suffer great pains ， I firmly believe that we can overcome the disasters through helping and supporting each other.
★suffer from 遭受；患……病 suffer pains/defeat/loss 遭受痛苦/失败/损失 ★suffering n. 疼痛；苦难；痛苦 sufferer n.受苦者；受难者；患病者
6 supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
1.In the earthquake-stricken area，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food supplies （supply）.
点拨
此处表示"运送食物"，supply在此表示"补给品"，通常要用复数形式。当supply表示"供应，供给"时，为不可数名词，如：electricity supply电力供应，water supply供水。
2.Many parents in China are always making every effort to provide their children with the best education.
→①Many parents in China are always making every effort to supply their children with the best education/supply the best education to their children . （supply）
→②Many parents in China are always making every effort to offer their children the best education/offer the best education to their children .（offer）
★in short supply 供应不足 ★为某人提供某物： supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth. to sb. provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
7 survivevi.生存，存活，继续存在 vt.幸存；艰难度过
1.After the flood， people were suffering in that area， who urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter for survival （survive）.
2.Mr. Green was the only survivor （survive）in the earthquake.He told us he survived on a bottle of water.
3.没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。 （环境保护）
Without the ocean， no living things would survive， including humans.
★survive sth. 从……中活下来；幸存于…… survive on 依靠……生存 A survive B （by＋时间） A比B活得长（……） ★survival n. 幸存；残存物 survivor n. 幸存者
8 powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
3.[人教选必①－4]Scientists have found that when we feel proud and powerful ， we usually straighten up to make ourselves bigger. By contrast， when we feel powerless ， we tend to slump， making ourselves smaller.（power）
4.如果你有任何问题，尽管来找我。我会竭尽全力帮助你。 （建议信）
If you have any problems， just turn to me. I’ll do everything in my power to help you .
5.发生在他朋友身上的事使他惊呆了，他一句话也说不出来。 （读后续写之神态描写）
★a power cut/failure停电 have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力 do everything in one’s power＝try one’s best竭尽全力 beyond one’s power某人力所不能及 in/within one’s power在某人能力范围内 be in power 执政（强调状态） come to power 开始掌权/执政（强调动作） ★powerful adj. 强健的；强有力的 powerless adj. 无影响力的，无能为力的
He was so shocked by what happened to his friends that he lost the power of speech .
9 asif/asthough仿佛，好像，似乎
1.[译林选必①－3]When you look at the painting， it is as if you were （be） about to cross the bridge and enter another world.
2.[外研选必②－3]Childhood memories came back to me so clearly， as if the events had happened （happen） only yesterday.
3.I was dominated by an overwhelming sense of excitement and pride at his words， and my feet， as if rooted （root） to the ground， couldn’t move a bit. （读后续写之情感描写）
点拨
as if/as though引导状语从句时，若主从句主语一致，且从句谓语为be动词，那么从句的主语和be动词可以省略，构成"as if/as though＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式"。本题中，as if引导的完整从句为：as if my feet were rooted to the ground。
4.她紧张地捂住张大的嘴巴，觉得心好像要跳出来了。 （读后续写之情感描写）
She nervously covered her wide-opened mouth， feeling as if/as though her heart would jump out .（现在分词作状语）
★as if/as though既可引导方式状语从句，也可位于seem，look等系动词后引导表语从句。 ★若as if/as though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气： ·与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用were）； ·与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时； ·与将来事实相反，从句谓语用"would/could/might/should＋动词原形"。
10 bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，这时突然……
1.The old woman was walking （walk）cautiously on the icy pavement when her feet slipped and she fell over. （读后续写之动作描写）
2.[译林选必②－1]I was about to have （have）a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.
3.She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise the piano.
4.我正在担心如何说服她接受我的建议，这时我突然想到了一个好主意。（persuade，strike） （读后续写之心理描写）
I was worrying about how to persuade her to accept my advice when a good idea struck me.
★when作并列连词，表示"这时突然"，还用于以下句型中： be about to do sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然…… be on the point of doing sth. when... 正要做某事，这时突然…… had （just） done sth. when... 刚做完某事，这时突然……
词根-fect-
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[北师选必①－3]It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth， including animals and plants.
2.[译林选必②－3]Burns damage skin， which can lead to infection and other health problems.
3.[人教必修②－5]As it turned out， there was no need to be nervous because all my hard work paid off and I played perfectly .
