人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit1 Cultural Heritage周测试卷（一）（含答案）
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人教版（2019）必修二Unit 1 Cultural Heritage周测试卷（一）
满分：100分 测试时间：40分钟。
品词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
1. Some books will still be around although many of those will be （数字的）.
2. By doing so，they want to give tourists a positive （形象）of the city.
3. Movie music can be made memorable because its themes are repeated （自始至终） the film.
4. There are efforts under way to designate the bridge a （历史上著名的） landmark.
5. We will wander in （传统的）small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
6. You also need to judge the （质量）and depth of your motivation.
7. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ （看法）unless he wants their support.
8. May the friendship between the people of our two countries last （永远）.
9. It’s easy to （引用）phrase from any of Shakespeare’s plays.
10. The situation when we arrived was in complete （对照）to the news reports.
11. I firmly believe that each of us can （贡献）to the future of the world.
12. At first she was nervous，but her nervousness quickly （消失） once she was on stage.
13. After we got there，the guide （带领）us around the ruins of the ancient city.
14. The teacher may require a second （提议）if the first is off-topic or unclear.
15. The school has received various grants（资助）from the education （部门）.
单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1.There is no doubt that the paintings are in an excellent state of (preserve).
2.The government needs a positive programme of crime (prevent).
3.The economists have made important (contribute) to the field of financial safety.
4.We have been informed that the whole issue is still under (investigate).
5.There has been an angry reaction to the government’s (propose) to control the price of oil.
6.That old scientist is willing to donate his private collections the city museum after his death.
7.Almost all of the employees agree that he should give way a younger,more decisive leader.
8.We have to decide that this university can admit only a (limit) number of foreign students to be educated here.
9.According to the study,people who talk on a cellphone while driving are three times more likely (cause) car accidents.
10.The experiment that they have been conducting will surely make a great (contribute) to us.
三、 阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Electric car are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline (汽油) powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (无污染的) vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热的) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just because the coal is burned somewhere else that it looks clean. It is not. It is as if the California Green are covering their eyes—“If I can’t see it, it’s not happening”. Gasoline is an unbelievably efficient way to power a vehicle, a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat-at the generator, through the transmission (传送) lines, etc.
A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far-so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes(核能)or geothermal, or gyro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.
In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when car are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it is a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.
1. What is the main idea of the text
A. Electric cars are not clean at all
B. Electric cars are better than gasoline—powered ones
C. People have doubts about electric cars’ batteries
D. Gasoline is an effective way to power a vehicle
2. The underlined words in paragraph two mean ________.
A. know nothing B. have confidence C. feel excited D. be pleased
3. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ________.
A. not less than 25 miles B. as far as 50 miles
C. as far as 25 miles D. not more than 25 miles
4. According to the text, electric cars ________.
A. are more environmentally friendly
B. burn more fuel than gas-powered ones
C. are very good at cleaning up
D. are poisonous for a long time
B
If you want to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.
The 643-kilometer line is China’s first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary (分界线) between China’s north and south. With a speed of 250 km per hour, it’s also the first mountain-heavy train line to provide a 4G network. Along the way, the train passes through two areas for rare (稀有) wild animals — one for pandas and the other for crested ibises (朱鹮).
To reduce the railway’s influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly. There were 345 wild pandas living in the Qinling Mountains. China currently has 1,864 wild pandas in total, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
To avoid disturbing the pandas, the railway was designed to run through tunnels (隧道) within the area. Protective shields (防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.
To protect the thousands of crested ibises that fly near one part of the railway, protective nets have been set up to make sure the birds will not fly into a train.
The nets are about 32 km long and 4 meters high. Experts tested different shapes and materials for building the nets before making their final choice.
5. Which of the following is TRUE about the new Xi’an-Chengdu railway
A. It runs through the Qinling Mountains.
B. It is China’s first high-speed railway.
C. It is the best mountain-heavy train line.
D. The train passes through many areas for rare wild animals.
6. Why did people build the railway to be environmentally friendly
A. To save money and energy. B. To avoid harming wild animals.
C. To avoid damaging the mountains. D. To help the train run through tunnels quietly.
7. What are experts using to stop birds from flying into the train
A. Tunnels. B. Tracks.
C. Protective nets. D. Protective shields.
8. What is the passage about
A. Protective shields and nets. B. How to protect pandas and crested ibises.
C. Qinling Mountains. D. Xi’an Chengdu high-speed railway.
四、 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I believe I have a personal duty to make a positive impact on society. I’ve tried to ____1____ this goal by choosing a career in public service. As a physician dealing with the challenge of infectious diseases, I consider my job a ____2____, which allows me to help ease the suffering of humankind. I have three principles to ___3_____ my life, which I always think about.
Firstly, I have a strong thirst for ____4____, I think I will never know as much as I ____5____. This is what keeps the ____6___ of knowledge hot. And it is why I would do my job every day even if I cannot get high income.
Secondly, I believe in fighting for ____7___, I sweat over all the stuff, without feeling ____8____ for it. One of the byproducts of being a perfectionist is anxiety. But this anxiety creates a ____9___ tension that drives me to fulfill my limited potential.
Thirdly, I believe that my goal to be a physician is to _____10_____ humankind. I have spent my _____11____ on public service. Most of it involved research, the care of _____12_____ and the public health policy on AIDS.
I think, to control this terrible disease _____13_____, I must be guided by these principles: continually thirsting for knowledge, accepting nothing _____14_____ of excellence and knowing that the_____15_____of society is more important than my gains.
1. A. accomplish B. ignore C. change D. find
2. A. solution B. game C. program D. gift
3. A. form B. check C. guide D. prove
4. A. power B. knowledge C. adventure D. evidence
5. A. want B. promise C. admit D. refuse
6. A. necessity B. excuse C. recovery D. pursuit
7. A. agreement B. balance C. excellence D. fairness
8. A. embarrassed B. curious C. amused D. regretful
9. A. common B. healthy C. serious D. harmful
10. A. employ B. introduce C. unite D. serve
11. A. reputation B. career C. doubt D. luck
12. A. children B. elders C. patients D. students
13. A. randomly B. occasionally C. successfully D. immediately
14. A. full B. short C. worthy D. typical
15. A. good B. standard C. variety D. arrival
五、语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Book Restorers Touch History
—Keeping ancient manuscripts in tip-top condition requires expertise and passion—
Whenever Song Jing visits a museum, she makes a point of checking out the section on ancient books. In addition to appreciating the wisdom ______1_____ (hide) in those historical volumes, she focuses on how they are bound and presented.
Song works in the restoration division for ancient books at the National Library of China which is home to about 3 million ancient manuscripts, many of which require restoration before they can see ______2_____ light of day again. Some books have suffered great loss. Take, for example, a 16th-century copy of Yongle Dadian. Only 3.5 percent of the total publication are known to exist.
The process of ____3____ (repair) ancient books is complex. Day after day, Song and her colleagues are fully immersed in the duty of handling and healing the old books. Thanks _____4____ cutting-edge technology, restorers can create paper _______5______ (incredible) similar to the original version. However, the old-fashioned techniques still come in handy sometimes. ______6______ (fear) the chemicals in commercially produced paste might harm the books, restorers have to make the glues by themselves. The paste needs to be mixed right before the repair, ______7_____ it will go bad because of sitting for too long.
The valuable cultural heritage that restorers have preserved _______8_______ (serve) as the best evidence of Chinese civilization. Recently, the library has sent _______9______ (it) specialists like Song to deliver speeches in colleges and on TV. “I’m glad to see such ________10________ (arrange) and I hope to inspire people to find their passion in the preservation of our traditional culture,” Song says.
参考答案：
词汇运用：
Ⅰ. 1. digital 2. image 3. throughout 4. historic 5. traditional 6. quality
7. opinion 8. forever 9. quote 10. contrast 6. contribute
7. disappeared 8. conducted 9. proposal 10. department
单句语法填空：
1.preservation 2.prevention 3.contributions
4.investigation 5.proposal 6.to 7.to 8.limited 9.to cause 10.contribution
阅读理解
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电动汽车并不如人们想象中的环保，因为电力的发电过程中也会产生污染物，而且电动汽车电池含有有毒物质，丢弃后也会对环境造成污染。同时，电动汽车需要消耗更多的能源来行驶，在一定程度上污染更严重。
【1题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Electric car are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline (汽油) powered cousins.(电动汽车很脏。事实上，它们不仅脏，甚至可能比汽油驱动的汽车更脏。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是一个客观事实即电动汽车很脏，并不如人们想象中的环保。故选A。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (无污染的) vehicles,”(加州人喜欢谈论“零排放汽车”，)”可知加州人喜欢谈论零排放汽车，即加州人认为电动汽车的无污染，零排放性；同时根据划线词后面的内容“ Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热的) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something. (发电厂大多使用火来制造它。除了屋顶上安装了太阳能电池的新人们，我们的电力都来自发电机。发电机的燃料通常是煤、石油，但也可以是核电站产生的热量。也有一些风力发电场和地热发电厂，但到目前为止，我们主要通过燃烧来发电。)”可知，电动汽车所使用的电通常是煤、石油，到目前为止，主要通过燃烧来发电，这与加州人们所认为的观点是完全相反的，故加州人们对电动汽车电的来源是一无所知的。因此划线词与A选项“know nothing(什么都不知道)”为同义词。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far-so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. (一加仑汽油可以使你的汽车行驶25英里。但是你从一加仑汽油中获得的电力并不能让你走那么远，因为电动汽车比汽油汽车消耗更多的燃料。)”可知，我们从一加仑汽油中获得的电力可能使我们的汽车行驶不超过25英里。故选D。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far-so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. (一加仑汽油可以使你的汽车行驶25英里。但是你从一加仑汽油中获得的电力并不能让你走那么远，因为电动汽车比汽油汽车消耗更多的燃料。)”可知，一加仑汽油可以使你的汽车行驶25英里，一加仑汽油中获得的电力可能使我们的汽车行驶不超过25英里，因此电动汽车燃烧的燃料比汽油燃料多。故选B。
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇关于西安-成都高速铁路即将开通的报道。这条643公里的线路是中国第一条贯穿秦岭的高速铁路，使以前从西安乘火车到成都16个小时的车程缩短行车时间至三小时。为了减少铁路对野生动物的影响，专家们在设计高铁线路的时候做出了很多努力。
【5题详解】
判断正误题。根据第二段The 643-kilometer line is China's first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary(分界线) between China's north and south.可知，这条高速铁路贯穿秦岭，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“To reduce the railway's influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly,”可知，为了减少铁路对野生动物的影响，专家们在设计铁路上做出了很大的努力，充分考虑到周围的环境，故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Protective shields(防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.”可知，为了阻止动物进入隧道，在隧道口附近设立了防护屏，故选C。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段If you want to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.可知，本文讲述的是西安到成都的高速铁路。故选D。
完形填空
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文作者是美国流行病专家福奇，是一位传奇式人物：他淡泊名利、追求真知与卓越，一生致力于该病的防治。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我通过选择公共服务的职业努力达到这个目标。A. accomplish达成；B. ignore忽视；C. change改变；D. find发现。根据上文“I believe I have a personal duty to make a positive impact on society.(我相信我有责任对社会产生积极的影响。)”可推断，作者想要对社会做出积极的影响，因此选择公共卫生服务方面的职业来达成这个目标。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名应对传染病挑战的医生，我认为我的工作是一份礼物，它使我能够帮助减轻人类的痛苦。A. solution解决办法；B. game游戏；C. program程序；节目；D. gift恩赐；礼物。根据下文“which allows me to help ease the suffering of humankind(能让我帮助减轻人类的痛苦)”可知，作者的职业能够减轻人类的痛苦，因此作者认为工作是礼物。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有三个原则来指导我的生活，这是我总是考虑的。A. form形成；B. check检查；C. guide指导；D. prove证明。根据下文“I must be guided by these principles:”可知，作者一生坚持渴求真知、追求卓越及救死扶伤三大原则来指导自己的生活。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，我有强烈的求知欲，我想我永远不会知道我想要的那么多。A. power权力；B. knowledge知识；C. adventure冒险；D. evidence 证据。从后文的“This is what keeps the ____6____ of knowledge hot.”可知，作者总是有很强的求知欲。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. want想要；B. promise许诺；C. admit承认；D. refuse拒绝。根据上文“I have a strong thirst for ____4____, I think I will never know as much as”和下文“And it is why I would do my job every day even if I cannot get high income.”可知，作者有很强的求知欲，认为自己绝没有知道想要的那么多的知识，需要不断学习。故选A。
6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是保持对知识追求热情的原因。A. necessity必需品；B. excuse借口；C. recovery恢复；D. pursuit追求。结合上文和下文“And it is why I would do my job every day even if I cannot get high income.( 这就是为什么即使我不能得到高收入，我也要每天做我的工作。)”可知作者每天学习，追求知识。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，我相信追求卓越。A. agreement协议；B. balance平衡；C. excellence卓越；D. fairness公平。根据后文“One of the byproducts of being a perfectionist is anxiety.”可知作者精益求精，追求卓越。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为所有的事情流汗，但并不为此感到遗憾。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. curious好奇的；C. amused觉得好笑的；D. regretful遗憾的；后悔的。根据上文“I sweat over all the stuff”可知，作者为所有的事情流汗出力，但并不为此感到遗憾。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这种焦虑产生了一种健康的紧张，驱使我发挥自己有限的潜能。A. common通常的；B. healthy健康的；C. serious严肃的；D. harmful有害的。根据后文“drives me to fulfill my limited potential”可知这种紧张感是健康的，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三，我认为我成为一名医生目标是为人类服务。A. employ雇佣；B. introduce介绍；C. unite团结；D. serve服务。对应上文“help ease the suffering of humankind”可知，作者认为自己的职责是为人类服务，减轻痛苦。故选D。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职业生涯都在为公众服务。A. reputation名誉；B. career事业；C. doubt怀疑；D. luck运气。根据上文“by choosing a career in public service”和后文“on public service”可知，作者的职业生涯是为公众服务。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中大部分涉及关于艾滋病的研究、病人的护理和公共卫生政策。A. children孩子；B. elders老人；C. patients病人；D. students学生。根据后文“and the public health policy on AIDS”可知这里指对艾滋病病人的护理，故选C。
【13题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我认为要成功地控制这种可怕的疾病，我必须以这些原则为指导：不断渴求知识，不接受任何不卓越的东西，并知道社会的利益比我的收获更重要。A. randomly随机地；B. occasionally偶然；C. successfully成功地；D. immediately立即。根据上文“control this terrible disease”和下文“I must be guided by these principles: continually thirsting for knowledge…”可知，此处说的是成功控制艾滋病这种疾病。故选C。
【14题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为要成功地控制这种可怕的疾病，我必须以这些原则为指导：不断渴求知识，不接受任何不卓越的东西，并知道社会的利益比我的收获更重要。A. full满的；B. short短暂的；C. worthy值得的；D. typical典型的。根据上文“One of the byproducts of being a perfectionist is anxiety.”可知，作者追求完美，不接受不卓越的东西，此处为短语nothing short of表示“简直就是；无异于……”。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为要成功地控制这种可怕的疾病，我必须以这些原则为指导：不断渴求知识，不接受任何不卓越的东西，并知道社会的利益比我的收获更重要。A. good利益；B. standard标准；C. variety多样性；D. arrival到达。根据第一段第一句“I believe I have a personal duty to make a positive impact on society.”和后文“more important than my gains”可知，作者认为自己有责任对社会做出影响，因此推断他认为社会的利益比个人利益更重要。故选A。
语法填空
【答案】1. hidden
2 the 3. repairing
4. to 5. incredibly
6. Fearing
7. or##otherwise
8. serves 9. its
10. arrangements
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了保持古代手稿的最佳状态需要专业知识和激情。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了欣赏隐藏在这些历史卷中的智慧之外，她还关注了它们是如何被装订和呈现的。分析句子结构可知hide(隐藏)与逻辑主语wisdom构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填hidden。
【2题详解】
考查冠词。句意：宋在中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作，中国国家图书馆收藏了大约300万份古代手稿，其中许多手稿需要修复才能重见天日。此处表示“重见天日”，应用固定短语see the light of day。故填the。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：古籍修复的过程是复杂的。作介词的宾语应用动名词形式，故填repairing。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：多亏了尖端技术，修复者可以创造出与原始版本非常相似的纸张。表示“多亏了”短语为thanks to。故填to。
【5题详解】
考查副词。句意：多亏了尖端技术，修复者可以创造出与原始版本非常相似的纸张。修饰形容词similar应用副词incredibly，作状语，故填incredibly。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于担心商业生产的胶水中的化学物质可能会损害书籍，修复者不得不自己制作胶水。此处是非谓语动词作状语，动词fear(害怕)和主语restorers是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，单词位于句首首字母大写。故填Fearing。
【7题详解】
考查连词。句意：膏体需要在修复前混合，否则会因为放置时间过长而变质。此处表示选择关系，意为“或者”“否则”应用or或otherwise。故填or/otherwise。
【8题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：修复者保存的宝贵文化遗产是中华文明的最好证据。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The valuable cultural heritage，谓语用三单形式。故填serves。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：最近，图书馆派出了像宋这样的专家到大学和电视上发表演讲。修饰名词specialists应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
【10题详解】
考查名词。句意：宋说:“我很高兴看到这样的安排，我希望能激发人们在保护我们的传统文化中找到自己的激情。”作动词的宾语，应用名词arrangement，为可数名词，此处数量大于一应用复数形式。故填arrangements。
满分：100分 测试时间：40分钟。
品词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
1. Some books will still be around although many of those will be （数字的）.
2. By doing so，they want to give tourists a positive （形象）of the city.
3. Movie music can be made memorable because its themes are repeated （自始至终） the film.
4. There are efforts under way to designate the bridge a （历史上著名的） landmark.
5. We will wander in （传统的）small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
6. You also need to judge the （质量）and depth of your motivation.
7. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ （看法）unless he wants their support.
8. May the friendship between the people of our two countries last （永远）.
9. It’s easy to （引用）phrase from any of Shakespeare’s plays.
10. The situation when we arrived was in complete （对照）to the news reports.
11. I firmly believe that each of us can （贡献）to the future of the world.
12. At first she was nervous，but her nervousness quickly （消失） once she was on stage.
13. After we got there，the guide （带领）us around the ruins of the ancient city.
14. The teacher may require a second （提议）if the first is off-topic or unclear.
15. The school has received various grants（资助）from the education （部门）.
单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1.There is no doubt that the paintings are in an excellent state of (preserve).
2.The government needs a positive programme of crime (prevent).
3.The economists have made important (contribute) to the field of financial safety.
4.We have been informed that the whole issue is still under (investigate).
5.There has been an angry reaction to the government’s (propose) to control the price of oil.
6.That old scientist is willing to donate his private collections the city museum after his death.
7.Almost all of the employees agree that he should give way a younger,more decisive leader.
8.We have to decide that this university can admit only a (limit) number of foreign students to be educated here.
9.According to the study,people who talk on a cellphone while driving are three times more likely (cause) car accidents.
10.The experiment that they have been conducting will surely make a great (contribute) to us.
三、 阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Electric car are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline (汽油) powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (无污染的) vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热的) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just because the coal is burned somewhere else that it looks clean. It is not. It is as if the California Green are covering their eyes—“If I can’t see it, it’s not happening”. Gasoline is an unbelievably efficient way to power a vehicle, a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat-at the generator, through the transmission (传送) lines, etc.
A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far-so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes(核能)or geothermal, or gyro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.
In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when car are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it is a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.
1. What is the main idea of the text
A. Electric cars are not clean at all
B. Electric cars are better than gasoline—powered ones
C. People have doubts about electric cars’ batteries
D. Gasoline is an effective way to power a vehicle
2. The underlined words in paragraph two mean ________.
A. know nothing B. have confidence C. feel excited D. be pleased
3. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ________.
A. not less than 25 miles B. as far as 50 miles
C. as far as 25 miles D. not more than 25 miles
4. According to the text, electric cars ________.
A. are more environmentally friendly
B. burn more fuel than gas-powered ones
C. are very good at cleaning up
D. are poisonous for a long time
B
If you want to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.
The 643-kilometer line is China’s first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary (分界线) between China’s north and south. With a speed of 250 km per hour, it’s also the first mountain-heavy train line to provide a 4G network. Along the way, the train passes through two areas for rare (稀有) wild animals — one for pandas and the other for crested ibises (朱鹮).
To reduce the railway’s influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly. There were 345 wild pandas living in the Qinling Mountains. China currently has 1,864 wild pandas in total, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
To avoid disturbing the pandas, the railway was designed to run through tunnels (隧道) within the area. Protective shields (防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.
To protect the thousands of crested ibises that fly near one part of the railway, protective nets have been set up to make sure the birds will not fly into a train.
The nets are about 32 km long and 4 meters high. Experts tested different shapes and materials for building the nets before making their final choice.
5. Which of the following is TRUE about the new Xi’an-Chengdu railway
A. It runs through the Qinling Mountains.
B. It is China’s first high-speed railway.
C. It is the best mountain-heavy train line.
D. The train passes through many areas for rare wild animals.
6. Why did people build the railway to be environmentally friendly
A. To save money and energy. B. To avoid harming wild animals.
C. To avoid damaging the mountains. D. To help the train run through tunnels quietly.
7. What are experts using to stop birds from flying into the train
A. Tunnels. B. Tracks.
C. Protective nets. D. Protective shields.
8. What is the passage about
A. Protective shields and nets. B. How to protect pandas and crested ibises.
C. Qinling Mountains. D. Xi’an Chengdu high-speed railway.
四、 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I believe I have a personal duty to make a positive impact on society. I’ve tried to ____1____ this goal by choosing a career in public service. As a physician dealing with the challenge of infectious diseases, I consider my job a ____2____, which allows me to help ease the suffering of humankind. I have three principles to ___3_____ my life, which I always think about.
Firstly, I have a strong thirst for ____4____, I think I will never know as much as I ____5____. This is what keeps the ____6___ of knowledge hot. And it is why I would do my job every day even if I cannot get high income.
Secondly, I believe in fighting for ____7___, I sweat over all the stuff, without feeling ____8____ for it. One of the byproducts of being a perfectionist is anxiety. But this anxiety creates a ____9___ tension that drives me to fulfill my limited potential.
Thirdly, I believe that my goal to be a physician is to _____10_____ humankind. I have spent my _____11____ on public service. Most of it involved research, the care of _____12_____ and the public health policy on AIDS.
I think, to control this terrible disease _____13_____, I must be guided by these principles: continually thirsting for knowledge, accepting nothing _____14_____ of excellence and knowing that the_____15_____of society is more important than my gains.
1. A. accomplish B. ignore C. change D. find
2. A. solution B. game C. program D. gift
3. A. form B. check C. guide D. prove
4. A. power B. knowledge C. adventure D. evidence
5. A. want B. promise C. admit D. refuse
6. A. necessity B. excuse C. recovery D. pursuit
7. A. agreement B. balance C. excellence D. fairness
8. A. embarrassed B. curious C. amused D. regretful
9. A. common B. healthy C. serious D. harmful
10. A. employ B. introduce C. unite D. serve
11. A. reputation B. career C. doubt D. luck
12. A. children B. elders C. patients D. students
13. A. randomly B. occasionally C. successfully D. immediately
14. A. full B. short C. worthy D. typical
15. A. good B. standard C. variety D. arrival
五、语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Book Restorers Touch History
—Keeping ancient manuscripts in tip-top condition requires expertise and passion—
Whenever Song Jing visits a museum, she makes a point of checking out the section on ancient books. In addition to appreciating the wisdom ______1_____ (hide) in those historical volumes, she focuses on how they are bound and presented.
Song works in the restoration division for ancient books at the National Library of China which is home to about 3 million ancient manuscripts, many of which require restoration before they can see ______2_____ light of day again. Some books have suffered great loss. Take, for example, a 16th-century copy of Yongle Dadian. Only 3.5 percent of the total publication are known to exist.
The process of ____3____ (repair) ancient books is complex. Day after day, Song and her colleagues are fully immersed in the duty of handling and healing the old books. Thanks _____4____ cutting-edge technology, restorers can create paper _______5______ (incredible) similar to the original version. However, the old-fashioned techniques still come in handy sometimes. ______6______ (fear) the chemicals in commercially produced paste might harm the books, restorers have to make the glues by themselves. The paste needs to be mixed right before the repair, ______7_____ it will go bad because of sitting for too long.
The valuable cultural heritage that restorers have preserved _______8_______ (serve) as the best evidence of Chinese civilization. Recently, the library has sent _______9______ (it) specialists like Song to deliver speeches in colleges and on TV. “I’m glad to see such ________10________ (arrange) and I hope to inspire people to find their passion in the preservation of our traditional culture,” Song says.
参考答案：
词汇运用：
Ⅰ. 1. digital 2. image 3. throughout 4. historic 5. traditional 6. quality
7. opinion 8. forever 9. quote 10. contrast 6. contribute
7. disappeared 8. conducted 9. proposal 10. department
单句语法填空：
1.preservation 2.prevention 3.contributions
4.investigation 5.proposal 6.to 7.to 8.limited 9.to cause 10.contribution
阅读理解
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电动汽车并不如人们想象中的环保，因为电力的发电过程中也会产生污染物，而且电动汽车电池含有有毒物质，丢弃后也会对环境造成污染。同时，电动汽车需要消耗更多的能源来行驶，在一定程度上污染更严重。
【1题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Electric car are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline (汽油) powered cousins.(电动汽车很脏。事实上，它们不仅脏，甚至可能比汽油驱动的汽车更脏。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是一个客观事实即电动汽车很脏，并不如人们想象中的环保。故选A。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (无污染的) vehicles,”(加州人喜欢谈论“零排放汽车”，)”可知加州人喜欢谈论零排放汽车，即加州人认为电动汽车的无污染，零排放性；同时根据划线词后面的内容“ Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热的) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something. (发电厂大多使用火来制造它。除了屋顶上安装了太阳能电池的新人们，我们的电力都来自发电机。发电机的燃料通常是煤、石油，但也可以是核电站产生的热量。也有一些风力发电场和地热发电厂，但到目前为止，我们主要通过燃烧来发电。)”可知，电动汽车所使用的电通常是煤、石油，到目前为止，主要通过燃烧来发电，这与加州人们所认为的观点是完全相反的，故加州人们对电动汽车电的来源是一无所知的。因此划线词与A选项“know nothing(什么都不知道)”为同义词。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far-so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. (一加仑汽油可以使你的汽车行驶25英里。但是你从一加仑汽油中获得的电力并不能让你走那么远，因为电动汽车比汽油汽车消耗更多的燃料。)”可知，我们从一加仑汽油中获得的电力可能使我们的汽车行驶不超过25英里。故选D。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far-so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. (一加仑汽油可以使你的汽车行驶25英里。但是你从一加仑汽油中获得的电力并不能让你走那么远，因为电动汽车比汽油汽车消耗更多的燃料。)”可知，一加仑汽油可以使你的汽车行驶25英里，一加仑汽油中获得的电力可能使我们的汽车行驶不超过25英里，因此电动汽车燃烧的燃料比汽油燃料多。故选B。
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇关于西安-成都高速铁路即将开通的报道。这条643公里的线路是中国第一条贯穿秦岭的高速铁路，使以前从西安乘火车到成都16个小时的车程缩短行车时间至三小时。为了减少铁路对野生动物的影响，专家们在设计高铁线路的时候做出了很多努力。
【5题详解】
判断正误题。根据第二段The 643-kilometer line is China's first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary(分界线) between China's north and south.可知，这条高速铁路贯穿秦岭，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“To reduce the railway's influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly,”可知，为了减少铁路对野生动物的影响，专家们在设计铁路上做出了很大的努力，充分考虑到周围的环境，故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Protective shields(防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.”可知，为了阻止动物进入隧道，在隧道口附近设立了防护屏，故选C。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段If you want to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.可知，本文讲述的是西安到成都的高速铁路。故选D。
完形填空
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文作者是美国流行病专家福奇，是一位传奇式人物：他淡泊名利、追求真知与卓越，一生致力于该病的防治。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我通过选择公共服务的职业努力达到这个目标。A. accomplish达成；B. ignore忽视；C. change改变；D. find发现。根据上文“I believe I have a personal duty to make a positive impact on society.(我相信我有责任对社会产生积极的影响。)”可推断，作者想要对社会做出积极的影响，因此选择公共卫生服务方面的职业来达成这个目标。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名应对传染病挑战的医生，我认为我的工作是一份礼物，它使我能够帮助减轻人类的痛苦。A. solution解决办法；B. game游戏；C. program程序；节目；D. gift恩赐；礼物。根据下文“which allows me to help ease the suffering of humankind(能让我帮助减轻人类的痛苦)”可知，作者的职业能够减轻人类的痛苦，因此作者认为工作是礼物。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有三个原则来指导我的生活，这是我总是考虑的。A. form形成；B. check检查；C. guide指导；D. prove证明。根据下文“I must be guided by these principles:”可知，作者一生坚持渴求真知、追求卓越及救死扶伤三大原则来指导自己的生活。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，我有强烈的求知欲，我想我永远不会知道我想要的那么多。A. power权力；B. knowledge知识；C. adventure冒险；D. evidence 证据。从后文的“This is what keeps the ____6____ of knowledge hot.”可知，作者总是有很强的求知欲。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. want想要；B. promise许诺；C. admit承认；D. refuse拒绝。根据上文“I have a strong thirst for ____4____, I think I will never know as much as”和下文“And it is why I would do my job every day even if I cannot get high income.”可知，作者有很强的求知欲，认为自己绝没有知道想要的那么多的知识，需要不断学习。故选A。
6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是保持对知识追求热情的原因。A. necessity必需品；B. excuse借口；C. recovery恢复；D. pursuit追求。结合上文和下文“And it is why I would do my job every day even if I cannot get high income.( 这就是为什么即使我不能得到高收入，我也要每天做我的工作。)”可知作者每天学习，追求知识。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，我相信追求卓越。A. agreement协议；B. balance平衡；C. excellence卓越；D. fairness公平。根据后文“One of the byproducts of being a perfectionist is anxiety.”可知作者精益求精，追求卓越。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为所有的事情流汗，但并不为此感到遗憾。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. curious好奇的；C. amused觉得好笑的；D. regretful遗憾的；后悔的。根据上文“I sweat over all the stuff”可知，作者为所有的事情流汗出力，但并不为此感到遗憾。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这种焦虑产生了一种健康的紧张，驱使我发挥自己有限的潜能。A. common通常的；B. healthy健康的；C. serious严肃的；D. harmful有害的。根据后文“drives me to fulfill my limited potential”可知这种紧张感是健康的，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三，我认为我成为一名医生目标是为人类服务。A. employ雇佣；B. introduce介绍；C. unite团结；D. serve服务。对应上文“help ease the suffering of humankind”可知，作者认为自己的职责是为人类服务，减轻痛苦。故选D。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职业生涯都在为公众服务。A. reputation名誉；B. career事业；C. doubt怀疑；D. luck运气。根据上文“by choosing a career in public service”和后文“on public service”可知，作者的职业生涯是为公众服务。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中大部分涉及关于艾滋病的研究、病人的护理和公共卫生政策。A. children孩子；B. elders老人；C. patients病人；D. students学生。根据后文“and the public health policy on AIDS”可知这里指对艾滋病病人的护理，故选C。
【13题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我认为要成功地控制这种可怕的疾病，我必须以这些原则为指导：不断渴求知识，不接受任何不卓越的东西，并知道社会的利益比我的收获更重要。A. randomly随机地；B. occasionally偶然；C. successfully成功地；D. immediately立即。根据上文“control this terrible disease”和下文“I must be guided by these principles: continually thirsting for knowledge…”可知，此处说的是成功控制艾滋病这种疾病。故选C。
【14题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为要成功地控制这种可怕的疾病，我必须以这些原则为指导：不断渴求知识，不接受任何不卓越的东西，并知道社会的利益比我的收获更重要。A. full满的；B. short短暂的；C. worthy值得的；D. typical典型的。根据上文“One of the byproducts of being a perfectionist is anxiety.”可知，作者追求完美，不接受不卓越的东西，此处为短语nothing short of表示“简直就是；无异于……”。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为要成功地控制这种可怕的疾病，我必须以这些原则为指导：不断渴求知识，不接受任何不卓越的东西，并知道社会的利益比我的收获更重要。A. good利益；B. standard标准；C. variety多样性；D. arrival到达。根据第一段第一句“I believe I have a personal duty to make a positive impact on society.”和后文“more important than my gains”可知，作者认为自己有责任对社会做出影响，因此推断他认为社会的利益比个人利益更重要。故选A。
语法填空
【答案】1. hidden
2 the 3. repairing
4. to 5. incredibly
6. Fearing
7. or##otherwise
8. serves 9. its
10. arrangements
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了保持古代手稿的最佳状态需要专业知识和激情。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了欣赏隐藏在这些历史卷中的智慧之外，她还关注了它们是如何被装订和呈现的。分析句子结构可知hide(隐藏)与逻辑主语wisdom构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填hidden。
【2题详解】
考查冠词。句意：宋在中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作，中国国家图书馆收藏了大约300万份古代手稿，其中许多手稿需要修复才能重见天日。此处表示“重见天日”，应用固定短语see the light of day。故填the。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：古籍修复的过程是复杂的。作介词的宾语应用动名词形式，故填repairing。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：多亏了尖端技术，修复者可以创造出与原始版本非常相似的纸张。表示“多亏了”短语为thanks to。故填to。
【5题详解】
考查副词。句意：多亏了尖端技术，修复者可以创造出与原始版本非常相似的纸张。修饰形容词similar应用副词incredibly，作状语，故填incredibly。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于担心商业生产的胶水中的化学物质可能会损害书籍，修复者不得不自己制作胶水。此处是非谓语动词作状语，动词fear(害怕)和主语restorers是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，单词位于句首首字母大写。故填Fearing。
【7题详解】
考查连词。句意：膏体需要在修复前混合，否则会因为放置时间过长而变质。此处表示选择关系，意为“或者”“否则”应用or或otherwise。故填or/otherwise。
【8题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：修复者保存的宝贵文化遗产是中华文明的最好证据。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The valuable cultural heritage，谓语用三单形式。故填serves。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：最近，图书馆派出了像宋这样的专家到大学和电视上发表演讲。修饰名词specialists应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
【10题详解】
考查名词。句意：宋说:“我很高兴看到这样的安排，我希望能激发人们在保护我们的传统文化中找到自己的激情。”作动词的宾语，应用名词arrangement，为可数名词，此处数量大于一应用复数形式。故填arrangements。