(共43张PPT)
B3U1 Nature in the balance -- Vocabulary
1. harm ①伤害,损害(physical or other injury or damage) n. [U]
do harm to sb. = do sb. harm 对...有伤害
Missing a meal once in a while never did anyone any harm.
偶尔少吃一顿饭对身体无害。
All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings.
只要是狗就有可能咬人。
cause harm to sb. = cause sb. harm 对...造成损害
Dangerous men can cause great harm.
危险人物可能会造成巨大的伤害。
② 伤害、损害 vt.
Thankfully no one was harmed in the accident.
谢天谢地,没有人在事故中受伤。
派生词:
harmless adj. 无害的 (尤其指对健康) 与to 连用
harmful adj. 有害的 (尤其指对健康) 与to 连用
2. soil ①土、土壤(the material on the surface of the ground in which plants grow) n. [C] & [U]
rich soil 肥沃的土地
poor soil 贫瘠的土地
earth n. [U] 土壤
② 国土、领土
It was the first time we had set foot on foreign soil.
那是我们第一次踏上异国的土地。
3. ecosystem ①生态系统 (all the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment) n. [C]
Pollution can have bad effects on the ecosystem.
污染会对生态平衡造成灾难性的破坏。
前缀:eco- 环境的、生态的
eco-tourism n.
eco-friendly adj.
system n. 系统
4. overseas in, from, or to other countries adj./adv.
adj. 海外的、国外的
We need to open up overseas markets.
我们需要开拓海外市场。
There are a lot of overseas students studying at our college.
我们学院桥有许多外国留学生。
adv. 在国外
Many more people travel overseas these days.
如今有更多的人出国旅游。
5. region 区域,地区;(国家的)行政区 n.
①地区
one of China's autonomous regions
中国的自治区之一
the Asia-Pacific region
亚太地区
②(一个国家内)有…特色,以…知名的地区
a wine/farming region
葡萄酒产区/农业区
派生词: regional adj. 地区的、区域的
a regional newspaper 地方报纸
6. continent 洲、大陆 n. [C]
the North American continent
北美大陆
the continents of Asia and Africa
亚非大陆
7. million 百万 n. [C]
The city has a population of almost a/one million.
这座城市的人口几乎有一百万。
His business is worth millions of euros.
他的生意价值几百万欧元。
millions of ...数以百万计的
I must have told you millions of times to close the windows when you leave the house.
我一定已经告诉你无数次了,离开房间前要把窗子关好。
Millions of people have lost their homes.
billion 十亿 n.
8. length 长度 n. [C] & [U]
①长度
The boat is ten metres in length. in height 在高度上 in width 在宽度上
这条船长10米。
②(时间的)长度
the length of a film/speech/play
电影/演讲/话剧的时长
at length 长时间地、详尽地
George went on at great length about his various illnesses.
乔治滔滔不绝地讲起他身患的各种疾病。
派生词:lengthen vt. 延长 反义词:shorten vt. 缩短
There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years.
计划要将3年的课程延长为4年。
9. biodiversity 生物多样性n. [C] & [U]
前缀:bio- 生物的
biology n. 生物学
biochemistry n. 生物化学
biography n. 传记
diversity n. 多样性、差异 [U]/[C]
Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country
电视节目能充分反映出这个国家民族和文化的多样性吗?
There is a wide diversity of opinions on the question of unilateral disarmament.
对于单方面裁军问题,人们的看法各不相同。
10. variety 多样性;变化 n.[U/C]
①多样性;变化 [U]
When planning meals, you need to think about variety and taste as well as nutritional value.
做饭时,你既需要考虑饭菜的营养价值,又需要考虑饭菜的花样和味道。
②(动植物、语言等的)种类、品种 [C]
Our supermarket stocks apples in several different varieties.
我们超市有几个不同品种的苹果。
a variety of + n. 各种各样的...
varieties of + n.
She does a variety of fitness activities.
她参加各种各样的健身活动。
派生词:various adj. 各种各样的
11. beneath prep./adv.
① 在......的下方 prep.
Tom hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.
Tom把信藏在一叠文件下面。
② 在下面、在底下 adv.
She looked out of the window at the children playing beneath.
她透过窗户看着孩子们在下面玩耍。
12. mass n. 一大堆、一大片、一大块...
① 一大(堆、片、块...)
a mass of 许多
masses of 许多
The forest is a mass of colour in autumn.
秋季的森林色彩斑斓。
② adj. 大量的、民众的、大规模的
mass production 大规模生产
mass media 大众传媒
13. living 活着的 adj.
① 活着的
He is probably the best-known living architect.
他很可能是目前健在的最著名的建筑师。
②n. 收入、生计
What do you do for a living
你靠什么谋生?
make a living 谋生
Everyone has to make a living.
每个人都要谋生。
alive adj. 活着的(作后置定语,跟在名词后修饰名词)
people alive 活着的人
14. survive
① 继续生存,存活;(尤指)幸存
These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions.
这些植物无法在非常寒冷的条件下生存。
② 比(尤指家人)活得长
He is survived by his wife and four children.
他死时撇下了妻子和4个孩子。
survival n. 幸存
The doctors told my wife I had a 50/50 chance of survival.
医生告诉我妻子,我有50%的生存机会。
survivor n. 幸存者 [C]
He was the only survivor of the plane crash.
他是这场空难唯一的幸存者。
15. in turn 相应地、转而
① 相应地、转而
The customer praised the manager, who, in turn, praised his staff.
顾客表扬了经理,经理转而表扬了员工。
② 轮流
Each of us takes a break in turn.
我们轮流休息。
take turns to do sth. 轮流去做某事
16. break down
① (机器、身体)出问题;(情绪)失控
Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road.
我们的汽车抛锚了,我们只好把它推到路旁。
When we gave her the bad news, she broke down and cried.
当我们告诉她这个坏消息时,她忍不住哭了起来。
② 使...分解
Plastic is very slow to break down in nature as it is highly resistant to oxygen.
由于塑料极强的抗氧化能力,
在大自然中分解非常缓慢。
17. breathe life into 给......带来起色、注入活力
We need some new people to breathe life into this project.
我们需要一些新人来给这个项目注入活力。
breathe vi./vt. 呼吸
It's so airless in here - I can hardly breathe.
这里太闷了——我几乎不能呼吸。
18. thus adv. 因此
①因此
They planned to reduce staff and thus to cut costs.
他们计划裁员,从而达到降低成本的目的。
We failed to find any evidence; thus we concluded that he was innocent.
我们没有足够的证据,因此,我们认定他是无罪的。
近义词:therefore, so 因此
We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project.
我们无法筹到资金,因此不得不放弃计划。
19. disappear vi. 消失、失踪
I can't find my keys anywhere - they've completely disappeared.
我怎么也找不到自己的钥匙——它们彻底不见了。
We looked for her but she had disappeared into the crowd.
我们找寻她,但她已在人群中消失了。
派生词:disappearance n. 消失
appear ①vi. 出现
He suddenly appeared in the doorway.
他突然出现在门口。
② 连系动词 看上去好像
To people who don't know him he probably appears (to be) rather unfriendly.
在不了解他的人看来,他可能很不友好。
appearance n. 出现
She will be making a public appearance, signing copies of her latest novel.
她将公开亮相,为自己刚刚出版的小说签名售书。
20. due to 由于、因为
A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.
她的不开心主要是因为无聊。
近义词短语:because of ...
21. impact n. 影响 vi./vt. 有影响、冲击
The anti-smoking campaign had made quite an impact on young people.
禁烟运动对年轻人影响很大。
have an impact on sb. 给某人带来很大影响
have an effect on sb. 给某人带来影响
have an influence on sb. 给某人带来影响
Falling export rates have impacted the country's economy greatly.
出口率的下降对该国的经济造成了相当大的影响。
22. extinction n. 灭绝、绝种
The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred millions of years ago.
恐龙灭绝于数百万年前。
Many species of plants and animals are in danger of extinction.
多种动植物濒临灭绝的危险。
派生词:extinct adj. 灭绝的、绝迹的
There is concern that the giant panda will soon become extinct.
有人担心大熊猫不久就会灭绝。
23. damage vt./n. 损害、伤害、损坏
do/cause damage to ...给...带来伤害
① vt. 损害、损坏
Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.
许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。
② n. 损害、伤害
Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof.
大风使屋顶严重受损。
24. build up 逐渐增加、扩大
Tension is building up between the two communities.
两个社区之间的关系日趋紧张。
They gave him soup to build up his strength.
他们给他喝汤以增强体质。
25. global adj. 全球的、全面的
a global problem
一个全球性问题
This report gives a global picture of the company's finances.
这份报告对公司的整体财务状况作了说明。
派生词:globe n. 地球、世界、地球仪
His greatest ambition is to sail around the globe.
他最远大的志向就是驾船环球航行。
e up with 想出、提出(主意或计划)
She's come up with some amazing scheme to double her income.
她想出一个惊人的计划来使自己的收入增加一倍。
come up (某个想法、主意)被提出
What points came up at the meeting
会上讨论了些什么问题?
come 常见短语
come across + n.
偶然遇到
come on
加油、快一点
27. call for 要求、需要
This calls for a celebration!
这值得庆祝一下!
It's the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration.
这类工作需要注意力高度集中。
28. application n. 运用、应用、(通常指书面的)申请
a letter of application
求职信
Have you filled in the application form for your passport yet
你填写护照申请表了吗?
派生词:apply vt. 申请
I've applied for a new job with the local newspaper.
我已经申请了地方报纸的一个职位。
apply to sb. for sth. 向...申请获得...
apply - applied - applied
29. organization n. 组织、团体、条理 [C]
The article was about the international aid organizations.
这篇文章是关于国际援助组织的。
派生词:organize vt.组织
They organized a meeting between the teachers and students.
他们组织了一次师生会议。
She had organized a car to meet me at the airport.
她已安排了一辆车来机场接我。
organizer n. 组织者 [C]
30. spring to mind 突然记起或想到
Say the word "Australia" and a vision of beaches and blue seas immediately springs to mind.
一提起“澳大利亚”几个字,脑海中立刻呈现出沙滩和蔚蓝的大海。
spring - sprang - sprung
31. track vt./vi. 追踪、n. 踪迹、轨道
Passengers are requested not to walk across the tracks.
乘客不要穿越铁轨。
The hunters followed the tracks of the deer for hours.
猎人循着鹿的脚印追了几个小时。
keep track of ...追踪sb.
② vt./vi. 追踪
It's difficult to track an animal over stony ground.
很难在多石的地面上追踪动物。
32. nowhere adv. 无处、哪里都不
These young people have nowhere (else) to go.
这些年轻人无处可去。
33. chief n. 首领 adj. 主要的、首席的、最高级别的
①首要的、主要的
The chief problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease.
目前我们在这一地区面临的首要问题是疾病的蔓延。
②最高级别的
the chief fire officer/accountant
消防局局长/首席会计师
③首领、酋长
a police chief
警察局局长
34. entirely adv. 完全地、全部地
I admit it was entirely my fault.
我承认全都是我的错。
The company is run almost entirely by middle-aged men.
管理这个公司的几乎都是中年男性。
派生词:entire adj. 整个的、完全的
He’d spent the entire journey asleep.
他整个旅程都在睡觉。
Entire vs Whole
Entire [只用于名词前](指时间或地点等)全部的,完整:
1. The entire village was destroyed.
整个村庄都给毁了。
Whole[主要用于名词前]所有的,全部的,整个的(强调大小或重要性)
I ate the whole bar of chocolate.
我吃了整整一块巧克力。
35. get rid of 摆脱、丢弃,摆脱掉…;免去…的负担
I need to get rid of my old books.
我需要把旧书处理掉。
get rid of a bad habit 摆脱坏习惯
I didn't enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to be rid of them.
我不喜欢批改那些卷子,所以我很高兴能免去这一麻烦。
That cream got rid of my skin rash.
那种药膏治好了我身上的皮疹。
36. protest vi./vt. 反对、抗议
① vt. 反对
Outside, a group of students were protesting research cuts.
外面有一群学生在抗议削减研究经费。
Lots of people protested about the new working hours.
许多人对新的工作时间表示抗议。
② n. 反对
a public protest against the war
反战的公开抗议活动
37. profit n. 利润、好处 [C] vt./vi. 获益、得到好处
make a profit 获得利润
She makes a big profit from selling waste material.
她靠售卖废弃材料赚取大笔利润。
profit from ... 从中获益
I profited a lot from working with her.
和她一起工作,我获益匪浅。
38. defence (美式拼写 defense) n. 辩护、防御、国防
The towers were once an important part of the city's defences.
那些高塔曾经是该市防御体系中的重要组成部分。
A good diet helps build the body's natural defences.
良好的饮食习惯有助于增强身体的自然抵抗能力。
in defence of ...为...辩护
All I can say, in defence of my actions, is that I had little choice.
我只能以别无选择来为自己的行为辩解。
speak in denfence of sb. 为某人说话/辩解
派生词:defensive adj. 防御的
These are purely defensive weapons, not designed for attack.
这些是纯粹的防御性武器,并不是用来进攻的。
39. process n. 过程、进程、流程 vt. 加工、处理
the peace process
和平进程
the ageing process
衰老的过程
It's all part of the learning process.
这完全是学习过程的一部分。
②处理、加工
Visa applications take 28 days to process.
办理签证申请需要28天的时间。
40. strategy n. 策略、行动计划
marketing strategy
市场策略
We're working on new strategies to improve our share of the market.
我们正在制订新策略来增加我们的市场份额。
41. former adj. 昔日的、前任的 (of or in an earlier time)
a former employer
前雇主
the former president of the United States
美国前总统
②前者,前一个
Of the two suggestions, I prefer the former.
这两个建议中,我更喜欢前一个。
the latter 后者 n.
42. consequence n. (常指不好或不利的)结果,后果 [C]
I told the hairdresser to do what she wanted to my hair, and look at the consequences!
我告诉理发师就按她的想法来做我的头发好了,可瞧瞧结果!
派生词:consequently adv. 因此、所以 = as a result
I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.
我在假期的第一周用掉了大部分钱,因此假期快结束时我都没什么吃的了。
43. give rise to ... 使发生(或存在)
International support has given rise to a new optimism in the company.
国际上的支持为公司上下带来了新的乐观情绪。
近义词短语/单词
result in
lead to
contribute to
cause vt.
44. further
①(far 的比较级)更远地,在更大程度上;进一步地 adv.
Every day she sinks further and further into depression.
她一天天地消沉下去。
We need to talk further about this.
我们需要就这一点进一步谈谈。
② adj. 更远的
It was much further to the town centre than I remembered.
去市中心的路比我印象中要长得多。
③ 促进 vt.
Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.
如今额外的培训可能是推进你事业发展的最佳途径。
further (adj.) education 深造