2024年江苏省各地市高三模考阅读CD篇14篇（含解析）

C
扬州市2023-2024学年第一学期期末检测
Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere. While Venus’s cold and unpleasant landscape does make it seem far less like Earth, scientists recently detected another striking similarity between the two, the presence of active volcanoes.
When NASA’s Magellan mission mapped much of the planet with radar in the 1990sit revealed an unexpectedly youthful surface-there were surprisingly a few craters (火山口)which suggested active geologic (地质的) processes. Although few missions have visited Venus since then, researchers have continued to mine the collection of data from.
Using this decades-old data, planetary scientist Robert Herrick discovered that a Magellan. volcano called Maat Mons is alive with volcanic activity. In this case, lava(岩浆)flows that moved for eight months during an imaging cycle from 1990 to 1992, according to a study published in Science in 2023. The findings are the first real evidence that volcanoes have erupted on Venus during modern times.
What’s more, volcanic activity on Venus could be even more common and dramatic than on Earth. A study published in JGR Planets in 2023 mapped out enormous potential volcanic features on Venus’ surface, and there’s a good chance that some of them could be active today. On top of that, another 2023 study, also in JGR Planets, found that the very high surface temperature on Venus, over 900 degrees Fahrenheit, allows lava flows to slowly leak out.
A list of new missions are headed to Venus over the next decade, including NASA’s Veritas mission, which aims to map the planet’s surface to better understand its geologic history. These projects should settle the question of how the paths of Venus and Earth divided so sharply, with one becoming a hell and the other able to harbor life, and confirm whether volcanoes are still erupting on the planet today.
28. Why does the writer mention Venus is Earth’s twin in Paragraph 1
A. To prove a theory.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To clarify a concept.
D. To make predictions.
29. What can we learn from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A. Robert Herrick’s discovery was based on previous data.
B. The findings are the first evidence of volcanoes on Venus.
C. There are more huge volcanoes on Venus than on Earth.
D. Volcanic activities on Venus are as common as on Earth.
30. What is the significance of NASA’s future study of Venus
A. Mapping the surface of Venus with accuracy.
B. Analyzing how volcanoes came into existence.
C. Understanding how the two planets evolved differently.
D. Confirming whether Venus is suitable for humans to live.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Venus Is Earth’s Twin. B. Venus Is an Awful Hell.
C. Venus Is a Youthful Planet. D. Venus Is Volcanically Active.
D篇
“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned tome showing what I’ve described.
Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction.
AI image generation could impact everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process.
Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work, However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same—it can only copy.
The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as valid as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughters, but you are no match for professionals.
32. What does the writer think of his image creation
A. Exciting. B. Appealing C. Unsatisfying. D. Shocking.
33. What do children’s illustrators value most about art
A. The creating process. B. The final work.
C. Personal feelings. D. External forms.
34. What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about
A. The styles of human artworks and AI ones.
B. Human artists’ influence on AI generators.
C. Different means used in human and AI art creation.
D. The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text.
35. Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph
A. Art is the mirror of life.
B. Rome is not built in a day.
C. No man can do two things at once.
D. Jack of all trades, master of none.
无锡市2023年秋学期高三期终教学质量调研测试
C
Blue-light-filtering glasses(滤蓝光眼镜) have become an increasingly popular solution for protecting our eyes from electronic screens’ near-inescapable glow -- light that is commonly associated with eyestrain (眼疲劳)、In recent years they've even become fashion statements that are recognized by celebrities and ranked in style guides. But a recent review paper shows such glasses might not be as effective as people think.
The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health. The study's authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.
“It's an excellent review,” says Mark Rosenfield, a professor at the State University of New York College of Optometry, who was not involved in the study. “The conclusions are no surprise at all. There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there's just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have any effect on eyestrain.” He adds that the new review reinforces the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain despite them being specifically marketed for that purpose. As for using blue-light-filtering eyeglasses for eye health, for now, Rosenfield says, “there's nothing to support people buying them”.
The strain we may feel while staring at our phone or computer screen too long is likely to be caused by multiple factors, such as bad habits or underlying conditions, an associate professor of vision science at the University of Melbourne, Downie says. She argues that how we interact with digital devices contributes more to eyestrain than screens' blue light does. Changing the frequency and duration of screen usage and distancing one's eyes from the screens might be more important in reducing discomfort, Downie says. She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.
28. What can we know about blue-light-filtering glasses from the text
A. They can improve eyesight.
B. They may not reduce eyestrain.
C. They can promote eye health.
D. They can help to cure eye diseases.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 2
A. A great many professors were involved in the study.
B. Blue-blocking glasses on the market are harmful to eyes.
C. The finding of the study comes as a surprise to the public.
D. Data from previous trials help the study a lot.
30. What does the underlined word "reinforces" mean in paragraph 3
A. Denies. B. Opposes. C. Strengthens. D. Evaluates.
31. What should we do if we suffer from eyestrain according to Downie
A. Wear blue-light-filtering glasses.
B. Have an examination in the hospital.
C. Stop staring at the screen forever.
D. Focus on the frequency of phone usage.
D篇
“Silence is a source of great strength.”----Lao Tzu. When we stop bombarding(轰击) the body with sounds, we may see benefits for our brain, our blood pressure and our breathing.
Imagine a place where you can't talk, telephone, read, write or access the Internet. Boredom can soon turn into pleasure as the brain, from a state of chaos, finds peace. The explorer Erling Kagge has experienced a lot of silence during his long travel to reach the “three poles”. By shutting out the world, he has learnt to see the world more clearly and unlock new ways of thinking.
Scientific studies have shown us something interesting. When mice are made to listen to silence fortwo hours a day for three days, brain cells in the hippocampus (the part of the brain responsible for learning and memory) increase in number. Dr. Gerd Kemperman, leading author of the paper, suggests that silence causes the production of more brain cells to increase alertness(警觉) and readiness for “future cognitive (认知的) challenges”.
In humans, listening to slow music has been shown to reduce blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate. Adding two minutes of silence to the music lowers blood pressure and breathing even further.
“Silence is golden,” but when it comes to your health, can silence also be deadly “l found solitary(单独监禁) the most forbidding aspect of prison life. There was no end and no beginning; there was only one's mind, which could begin to play tricks,” said Nelson Mandela, reflecting on his 27 years in prison.
A silent mind can be unbearable — and can even drive you over the edge. In one experiment from Harvard and the University of Virginia, some participants were so opposed to a 15-minute silence that they chose to self-administer an electric shock to escape the silence.
When silence is linked to loneliness, your physical health may also suffer. Loneliness has been shown to be associated with a 29 percent increase in risk of heart disease and a 32 percent increase in the disease---- stroke.
There’s another type of silence that is “killing good people” according to Prince William. It's not the lack of auditory (听觉的) input to your ears; it's failing to speak out when you're anxious or struggling to cope, and that's a major cause of suicide(自杀).
32. What's the function of paragraph1
A. To prove an opinion. B. To introduce a topic.
C. To present an example. D. To give a definition.
33. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Erling Kagge
A. To prove everyone needs silence.
B. To give us an example to learn from.
C. To indicate silence works to our advantage at times.
D. To show humans can keep things in perspective in silence.
34. Why can silence also be deadly to some extent
A. A silent mind can cause people to fight.
B. A lonely mind with silence leads to most heart diseases.
C. Too much silence can make people physically unbearable.
D. A helpless state of mind in silence can increase the tendency of suicide.
35. What is the author's attitude towards the effect of silence
A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
苏州市2023～2024学年第一学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷
高三英语2024.01
C
Eating insects is one of those ideas that never quite seem to catch on. The United Nations spread the idea a decade ago, but, in the West at least, insects remain mostly absent from supermarket shelves. Faced with an unsatisfied public, scientists have been exploring other options. One is to feed the insects instead to farm animals, which are not so picky.
Of course, the insects need to eat, too. To date, they have mostly reared (饲养) on leftover chicken feed. But the supply of that is limited, and if insect-reared meat is to take off, new sources will be needed. Niels Eriksen, a biochemist at Aalborg University, suggests feeding them on the waste products of the beer industry.
The world knocks back around 185bn litres of beer every year. Each litre produces between three and ten litres of wastewater full of thrown-away grains. The mix is rich in protein but lacking in carbohydrates (碳水化合物), especially compared with chicken feed.
Most insects grown for feed depend, in the wild, on the carbohydrates found in bad fruit. Whether insects would actually consider beer waste a square meal was, therefore, unclear.
The researchers used the baby insects of the black soldier fly. The young insects were divided into three groups, which were offered beer waste, chicken feed or a mixture of both. The researchers monitored both their weight gain and the amount of CO they produced. They found the baby insects happily consumed both beer waste and chicken feed, and grew equally well on either food source. Dr Eriksen found few differences in how nutritious the insects would be to farm animals.
The experiment may have implications beyond the beer business, too. Bone meal from farms, and waste from other food industries are all likewise plentiful and protein-rich.
All now look to be reasonable targets for nutrient recycling by insects. Whether consumers will be willing to eat insect-reared beef, though, remains to be seen.
28. What is the purpose of Niels Eriksen’s research
A. To find alternatives to chicken feed.
B. To recycle the wastewater in beer industry.
C. To change public’s attitude toward insects.
D. To reduce the consumption of waste products.
29. What is paragraph 6 mainly about
A. The future application of the research.
B. The importance of protein in the cycle.
C. The extended influence of the research.
D. The contribution of the beer industry.
30. What is the possible food chain described in the article
A. chickens-insects-cows-humans B. humans-beer waste-insects-cows
C. beer waste-insects-cows-humans D. cows-chickens-insects-beer waste
31. What can be a suitable title of the article
A. Waste recycling will be taking off soon
B. Eating insects is the new option for people
C. Insects could help turn beer waste into beef
D. Insects could gain popularity in supermarket
D
AI could make it less necessary to learn foreign languages. That is good news for travelers, bad news for soulful connection.
Travel has long been a motivator for study—unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a writer, has argued that something important will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a hesitant, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of achievement at the end. Who would show off taking a plane to the top of Mount Everest
Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanizing themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and pizza.
As AI translation becomes a more popular labour-saving tool, people will divide into two groups. There will be those who want to challenge their minds, put themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and confusion, as they might with extreme endurance (忍耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.”
But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is a bit like analyzing the benefits of close relationships to heart health but overlooking the inner value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or make a joke in hesitant German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put subtle (微妙的) shading on an argument, that connection is still deeper.
32. What does the word “dwindling” mean in paragraph 2
A. Growing. B. Lasting. C. Declining. D. Challenging.
33. What is the underlined part “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest” compared to
A. Using AI tools to do the translation.
B. Doing the work that gives you satisfaction.
C. Making effort to learn a new language.
D. Studying a language aided by technology.
34. Which of the following will the “Others” in paragraph 4 agree with
A. People should stretch their minds in life.
B. AI translation tools offer a good service.
C. Extreme endurance sports are worth trying.
D. Language learning builds deep connection.
35. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Language learning benefits learners alone.
B. Language learning is of value to human health.
C. We should reflect on language learning methods.
D. We should adopt a new angle on language learning.
南通等苏北六市2024届高三第一次调研测试
C
Saving Us: A Climate Scientist’s Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the more important books about climate change to have been written. Hayhoe is a gifted public speaker and Sawing Us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, “The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it”.
One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe ‘s experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists.
Hayhoe advises against trying to engage with a small minority, the “Dismissives”, who “angrily reject the idea that human-caused climate change is a threat; they are most receptive to misinformation and conspiracy theories (阴谋论)”There is a warning that offering up more facts about climate change can actually increase polarisation among them.
The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives”, almost entirely older men—including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for kitting (打毛线衣)—and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds. Her motto is “bond, connect and inspire”, which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality.
She also tells of a man who approached her after an event in London in 2019. He had been s0 inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth. He showed her details of 12,000 conversations that had taken place as a result, claiming that they had helped to convince the council to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
And so, while it may feel difficult to influence the outcome of the COP26, Hayhoe’s uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue.
28. What does the book mainly focus on
A. Sharing climate communication tips.
B. Teaching presentation skills with TED talks.
C. Exploring critical thinking through literature.
D. Promoting people’s insight into climate change.
29. Which of the following best describes the advice in the book
A. Humorous but one-sided. B. Novel but contradictory.
C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Well-based and workable.
30. How did Hayhoe win over the “Dismissives”
A. By changing their political identity.
B. By challenging their fundamental beliefs.
C. By offering more facts about climate change.
D. By seeking common ground built on a shared love.
31. What does the author want to say by telling the story in paragraph 5
A. World shift to clean energy is unstoppable.
B. We should help people prepare for the climate crisis.
C. Policymakers are less responsive to market changes.
D. Conversations can influence climate decision making.
D
Ramirez Castafieda, a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting il. Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider scientific community. With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn’t always possible because of budget or time—-and it means that some of her findings were never published.
“It’s not that I’m a bad scientist,” she says. “It’s just because of the language.”
Castaneda is not alone. There is plenty of research in non-English-language papers that gets lost in translation, or is never translated. A research looked through more than 400.000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found 1,234 studies providing evidence on biodiversity conservation which, because they weren’t in English, may have been overlooked. These included Japanese-language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston’s fish owl, the largest owl species.
Some experts argue that for the sake of the bigger picture, scientific knowledge should converge (转换) into one common language. Science is very globalised and becoming more so, so the use of a global language is enormous for that.
Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator- but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence. The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castaneda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon.
“So we’re losing observations for science, too,” says Castafeda. For me, it’s not possible to just have everything translated into English. We need multilingual (多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages. It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.”
32. What prevented Castafeda’s discoveries from being more widely known
A. Poor management. B. Opposition from her colleagues.
C. Her bad reputation. D. The language barrier.
33. What’s the consequence of the dominant focus on English in scientific research
A. Inefficient wildlife conservation.
B. A knowledge gap in the scientific world.
C. A growing interest in non- English papers.
D. Inadequate job opportunities for translators.
34. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs
A. The urgency to protect rare species.
B. The need to adopt one global language.
C. The challenges in translating scientific texts.
D. The biodiversity on the South American continent.
35. What is presented in the last paragraph of the text
A. A potential solution. B. A theoretical model.
C. A popular belief. D. A global trend.
C
Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon(柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered, “says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.
“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal(发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongs require daily exercise, Adam de-signed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.
She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from war-bling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it's quite easy, “she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, 'I need to sing. “At that point, she'd tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.
After a week, the birds' singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male's song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn't hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who'd been using his singing muscles daily.
Adam's conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don't sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds' continuous singing.
It's a good rule to live by, whether you're a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one's heart out.
28. According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.
A. warn other birds of risks B. produce more songs
C. perform perfectly in singing D. defend their territory
29. What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Prepares. B. Stimulates. C. Forbids. D. Frightens.
30. What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment
A. They lost the ability to sing.
B. They strengthened their muscles.
C. Their songs showed no difference.
D. Their songs became less appealing.
31. What may Iris Adam agree with
A. The songbirds live on music.
B. The songbirds are born singers.
C. Daily exercise keeps birds healthy.
D. Practice makes birds perfect singers.
D
Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems.
Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers-things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules.
Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jail-breaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”.
Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large mod-els comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently.
There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you're forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade.
Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled, “she says.
32. What does the AI jailbreak refer to
A. The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B. The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C. The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D. The process of AI models learning new information.
33. What can we know about the persona modulation
A. It can help AI models understand emotions.
B. It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C. It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
D. It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
34. What is Yinzhen Li's attitude towards LLMs
A. Unclear. B. Cautious. C. Approving. D. Negative.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. LLMs: Illegal Learning Models
B. LLMs: The Latest Advancement
C. AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge
D. AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach
江苏省淮安市连云港市2024届高三第一次调研考试
英语试题2024.01
C
Scientists have shown how plants can protect themselves against genetic(基因的) damage caused by environmental stresses. The growing tips of plant roots and shoots have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA.
Plants have small populations of stem cells(干细胞) at the tips of their roots and shoots, which enable them to continuously grow and produce new tissues throughout their lifetime. These stem cells serve as ancestors for plant tissues and organs. However, any genetic faults present in the stem cells will continue to exist and be passed on permanently throughout the plant’s life, which could last thousands of years.
Given the critical role of stem cells and their exposure to potentially dangerous environments at the growing tips of roots and shoots, safeguards are necessary to prevent stem cell faults from becoming fixed. Researchers Nick Fulcher and Robert Sablowski, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, aimed to uncover these protective mechanisms. Through experiments involving X-rays and chemicals, they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells.
When DNA damage occurs, the cells have the capacity to detect it and cause programmed cells to die, preventing the propagation of the damaged genetic code to the rest of the plant tissues. This process has similarities to the safeguard mechanism found in animal cells, which has been broadly studied due to its relevance in preventing cancer.
The identification of a similar protective system in plants is of great interest in the field of plant development. It also helps scientists develop plants that can better handle environmental stress. So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science’s response to climate change.
28. What is the function of the in-built mechanism in plants
A. To produce more roots and shoots.
B. To increase the overall lifetime of the plant.
C. To enhance plant growth and nutrient intake.
D. To stop genetic faults in stem cells passing on.
29. What can we know about stem cells in plants according to the text
A. They are relatively abundant in quantity.
B. They are resistant to environmental stresses.
C. They make quick response to DNA damage.
D. They have the ability to repair damaged DNA.
30. What does the underlined word “propagation” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Spread. B. Change. C. Existence. D. Self-repair.
31.What does the last paragraph focus on
A. The way of dealing with climate change on the earth.
B. The significance of identifying the protective system in plants.
C. The method of ensuring plant survival under environmental stress.
D. The urgency of developing plants that can handle environmental stress.
D
Recently, I accidentally found a set of Hanfu l only wore once from the bottom of the cupboard. I remember buying them simply to match the ancient-style hair accessories (配饰) a friend gave me. It occurred to me that 1 had been trapped in the “birdcage effect”.
“Birdcage effect” means that when you get an item one day, you will prepare more things to match it. Weeks ago, I was in the company of friends engaged in shopping. One said that she wanted to buy a good writing pen to match the delicate notebook that her sister gave her, so that she would fall in love with taking notes on reading, and thus love reading, not just reading. I joked that she must have fallen for the “birdcage effect”. But the friend said with a smile: “Why not use the ‘birdcage effect’ instead ”
For the first time, I heard that the “birdcage effect” can be used in reverse(逆向).However, this can’t help but remind me of middle school, and I seem to have used the “birdcage effect”. Passing by a bookstore one day, I purchased a magazine and saw the call for contributions published in the magazine, so I started writing with eager hands, and then I fell in love with writing.
After shopping with my friends that time, I began to proceed to use the “birdcage effect”. I bought a small fresh tablecloth to decorate my desk, and a beautiful notebook to record my inspiration. When everything was ready, I started writing again.
But how can we get rid of the “birdcage effect” in many things, and even use the “birdcage effect” in the opposite way Various “birdcages” unavoidably appear in life, but we can distinguish them. If it is not in line with the actual situation, it is a “negative birdcage”, then we must learn to stop losses in time and maintain a heart of abandonment and separation. If it is a “positive birdcage” that motivates us to develop upward, we can clarify our goals, shop or decorate appropriately, and motivate ourselves to move towards our goals. At this time, you will find that the “birdcage effect” is actually not so terrible!
32. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The application of the “birdcage effect” in life.
B. The necessity of using the “birdcage effect” in life.
C. The turning point of the author’s idea on the “birdcage effect”.
D. The author’s conflict with her friend over the “birdcage effect”.
33. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning her middle school experience
A. To recall her delightful days at school.
B. To explain the reason for her love with writing.
C. To confirm the positive of the “birdcage effect”.
D. To prove her knowledge of the “birdcage effect”.
34. How can we make use of the “birdcage effect” positively
A. By realizing this effect has two sides.
B. By promoting our personal consumption.
C. By recognizing this effect is not so terrible.
D. By guiding our acts to go with reasonable goals.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Getting Rid of the Birdcage Effect Confidently
B. Motivating Ourselves to Move Towards Our Goals
C. The Birdcage Effect: Influence on Consumer Behavior
D. The Birdcage Effect: How to Use It to Your Advantage
江苏省常州市教育学会学业水平监测
高三英语试题2024年1月
C
Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon(柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered, “says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.
“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal(发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongs require daily exercise, Adam de-signed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.
She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from war-bling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it's quite easy, “she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, 'I need to sing. “At that point, she'd tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.
After a week, the birds' singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male's song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn't hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who'd been using his singing muscles daily.
Adam's conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don't sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds' continuous singing.
It's a good rule to live by, whether you're a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one's heart out.
28. According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.
A. warn other birds of risks B. produce more songs
C. perform perfectly in singing D. defend their territory
29. What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Prepares. B. Stimulates. C. Forbids. D. Frightens.
30. What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment
A. They lost the ability to sing.
B. They strengthened their muscles.
C. Their songs showed no difference.
D. Their songs became less appealing.
31. What may Iris Adam agree with
A. The songbirds live on music.
B. The songbirds are born singers.
C. Daily exercise keeps birds healthy.
D. Practice makes birds perfect singers.
D
Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is more difficult than it seems.
Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers-things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as “jailbreaks”, making AI models disobey the rules.
Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jail-breaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called “persona modulation (调节)”.
Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large mod-els comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently.
There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. “If you're forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is,” says Tagade.
Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled, “she says.
32. What does the AI jailbreak refer to
A. The technique to break restrictions of AI models.
B. The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models.
C. The capability of AI models improving themselves.
D. The process of AI models learning new information.
33. What can we know about the persona modulation
A. It can help AI models understand emotions.
B. It prevents AI learning via online conversations.
C. It can make AI models adopt a particular persona.
D. It forces AI models to follow only good personas.
34. What is Yinzhen Li's attitude towards LLMs
A. Unclear. B. Cautious. C. Approving. D. Negative.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. LLMs: Illegal Learning Models
B. LLMs: The Latest Advancement
C. AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge
D. AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach
扬州市2023-2024学年第一学期期末检测
C篇
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新的研究证实金星上存在活火山。
【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere.”（金星有时被称为“地球的孪生兄弟”，在大小和组成上与地球相似。这两颗岩石行星与太阳的距离也大致相同，而且都有大气层。）可知，第一段开头说金星就像地球的双胞胎一样，两者在体积、构造、和太阳的距离等方面相似，是为了引出本文的话题：金星和地球的有一个相似之处——火山活动。故选B项。
【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Using this decades-old data, planetary scientist Robert Herrick discovered that a Magellan.”（利用这些几十年前的数据，行星科学家罗伯特·赫里克发现麦哲伦号。）可知，Robert Herrick 的研究是使用的以前的数据。故选A项。
【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“These projects should settle the question of how the paths of Venus and Earth divided so sharply, with one becoming a hell and the other able to harbor life, and confirm whether volcanoes are still erupting on the planet today.”（这些项目应该能解决金星和地球的轨道为何如此泾渭分明，一个变成地狱，而另一个却能孕育生命的问题，并确认今天地球上的火山是否仍在喷发。）可知，未来的项目可以帮助了解金星像地狱一样而地球进化为宜居星球的原因，以及进一步证实现在金星上是否还有火山喷发活动。故选C项。
【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“In this case, lava (岩浆) flows that moved for eight months during an imaging cycle from 1990 to 1992, according to a study published in Science in 2023. The findings are the first real evidence that volcanoes have erupted on Venus during modern times.”（根据2023年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，在这种情况下，熔岩流在1990年至1992年的成像周期中移动了8个月。这一发现是第一个真正的证据，表明金星在现代曾经爆发过火山。）可知，本文讲述了新的研究证明金星上存在火山活动，D项“金星有火山活动”符合题意。故选D项。
D篇
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了儿童插画家的观点：人工智能创造的艺术不是真正的艺术。
【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“But closer examination shows oddities, The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. (但仔细观察会发现一些奇怪的地方，我脑海中那个女人的脸有非常奇怪的特征，似乎拿着多本书。而且，虽然看到图像出现时最初会感到兴奋，但没有创造性的满足感。)”可知，作者对他的图像创作不满意，故选C项。
【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the finAIpiece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. (从根本上说，艺术就是将你内在感受到的东西转化为外在存在的东西。无论采取何种形式，真正的艺术都关乎创作过程，而不是最终作品。简单地按下按钮来生成图像并不是一个创造性的过程。)”可知，儿童插画家最看重艺术创作过程，因为艺术的核心是将内在感受转化为外在存在，真正的艺术更多地关注创作过程而不是最终作品，故选A项。
【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work, However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same—it can only copy. (除了创造力之外，还有更深层次的问题。为了从提示创建图像，AI生成器依赖于现有艺术和文本的数据库。这可能导致在未经其他艺术家同意的情况下故意模仿其他艺术家风格的图像。有一种观点认为，在受到他人作品的影响时，人工智能发电机的工作方式与人类没有什么不同，但是，人类艺术家也在混合中添加了情感和细微差别。人工智能不会做同样的事情——它只能复制。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了人类和人工智能艺术创作中使用的不同手段，故选C项。
【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as valid as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughters, but you are no match for professionals. (人工智能的使用越来越多也会导致艺术家作品贬值。对创意产业已经存在负面偏见。人们会开始认为他们的“作品”与那些以艺术创作为职业的人所创作的作品一样有效。当然，这是无稽之谈。你可以用手机给你的女儿拍一张漂亮的照片，但你不是专业人士的对手。)”可知人工智能的使用会使艺术家的作品贬值。人们会认为他们用 AI 创作的作品和以艺术创作为职业的人的作品有同样的价值。作者认为这是错误的，在最后一句中，作者认为尽管普通人可以创作出漂亮的作品，也比不上专业人士。作者暗示艺术创作需要经过长期的训练。A. Art is the mirror of life. (艺术是生活的镜子) B. Rome is not built in a day. (罗马不是一日建成的。意指任何伟大的事物都需要时间和耐心来建立。) C. No man can do two things at once. (一心不可二用。) D. Jack of all trades, master of none. (百事皆通，一样不精。)，故选B项。
无锡市2023年秋学期高三期终教学质量调研测试
C篇
C篇是一篇科学报道。滤蓝光眼镜作为预防数字屏幕引起的眼疲劳的流行方法，近期研究显示其效果可能被夸大。改变使用习惯可能更能缓解不适。
第28题 B 原文中提到：“The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.” 这表明研究作者发现滤蓝光眼镜并不能减轻人们在使用电脑后感受到的眼疲劳。因此，我们可以知道滤蓝光眼镜可能不会减轻眼疲劳。
第29题 D 在第二段中有这样的描述：“The conclusions are no surprise at all. There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have any effect on eyestrain.” 这里提到研究的结论一点也不令人惊讶，并且之前已经有许多研究发现了相同的事情，即没有证据表明滤蓝光眼镜对缓解眼疲劳有任何影响。这意味着之前的研究对这项研究帮助很大，因为它们提供了类似的结论。
第30题 C 在第三段中的语句：“He adds that the new review reinforces the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain…” 这里 “reinforces” 的上下文表明它是用来表示新的研究“加强了”或者“强化了”没有证据表明滤蓝光眼镜影响眼疲劳的事实。
第31题 B 在文章最后一段中，Downie指出：“She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.” 这段话建议那些经历眼疲劳的人应该看医生，以评估他们是否有像远视或干眼症这样的健康问题。
D篇
D篇是一篇说明文。文章探讨了沉默对人类健康的双重影响，一方面强调其对大脑、血压和心理的益处，另一方面讨论了沉默如何引发孤独、焦虑和甚至自杀的风险。
第32题 B 原文第一段提供了关于沉默对健康可能带来积极影响的观点。引用了老子关于沉默是力量之源的观点，并引入了探险家 Erling Kagge 的例子来支持这一主题。这个段落的功能是为文章的主题铺垫，引介读者进入接下来的讨论。因此，它的功能是介绍主题而非证明一个观点、给出定义或提出示例。
第33题 C 在原文中，作者提及了探险家Erling Kagge的经历：“The explorer Erling Kagge has experienced a lot of silence ... unlock new ways of thinking.”（探险家埃尔林·卡格（Erling Kagge）在到达“三极”的长途旅行中经历了很多沉默。通过与世界隔绝，他学会了更清晰地看待世界，并开启了新的思维方式。），作者以这样的一个特殊的例子来说明有的时候沉默可以给我们带来好处和优势，比如说这位探险者。并不是说每个人都要沉默，也不是讲客观看待事物，A、D排除。B项中我们所学的例子应该是一个具体的做法，对于探险家Erling Kagge，作者旨在说明沉默给人带来的帮助，即他学会了更清晰地看待世界，并开启了新的思维方式。
第34题 D “A silent mind can be unbearable ... some participants were so opposed to a 15-minute silence that they chose to self-administer an electric shock to escape the silence.” 这表明沉默可能导致内心压力和不堪承受的情绪。另一方面，作者提到：“When silence is linked to loneliness, ... a 32 percent increase in the risk of stroke.” 这些表明孤独和沉默可能与心脏病和中风的风险增加有关。最后，文章引用了威廉王子关于沉默：“It’s not the lack of auditory input to your ears, it’s failing to speak out when you’re anxious or struggling to cope, and that’s a major cause of suicide.” 这些内容揭示了沉默可能的致命性，主要是和心理上的孤立和苦恼连接的。
第35题 B 作者在文章中不仅提到了沉默的好处，如对大脑健康和压力的影响，还提出了沉默的潜在危害，包括心理健康问题、心脏病和中风风险的增加以及沉默和自杀之间的关联。因此，作者在探讨沉默效应时采取了客观、无偏见的立场，讨论了沉默的利与弊。
苏州市2023～2024学年第一学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷
高三英语2024.01
C篇
C篇是一篇科普文。文章讨论了虫子作为食物概念未在西方流行，并提出将其作为饲料的替代方案，即用啤酒业废料饲养昆虫，供应家畜食用。研究显示，黑水虻幼虫能够以啤酒废料生长，并可能成为营养循环的有效来源。
第28题 A 根据倒数第四段的whether insects would actually consider beer waste a square meal was, therefore, unclear. 这句话，以及文章其他信息，它提到了Niels Eriksen建议将啤酒产业的废物作为昆虫的食物，这是因为如果以昆虫为食的肉类要得到推广，需要新的食物来源，而现有的鸡饲料供应量有限。考虑到这些因素，Niels Eriksen的研究目的更符合A选项，即“寻找替代鸡饲料的东西”。
第29题 C 第六段讨论了实验可能超出啤酒业务范围的影响，指出来自农场的骨粉和来自其他食品工业的废物同样是丰富和富含蛋白质的，这些都可能成为昆虫养殖的目标，以实现营养回收。因此，这一段主要讨论了研究可能带来的广泛影响，即C选项“研究的扩展影响”。the extended influence 和have implications beyond the beer business是同意替换。
第30题 C 文章描述了一个可能的食物链，其中啤酒废物作为昆虫的食物，昆虫又作为给牛的饲料，最终牛的肉可能会被人类食用。因此，正确的食物链描述是C选项“啤酒废物-昆虫-牛-人类”。
第31题 C 此文是科普文，科普文最新的科研成果为文章主旨，而文章的科研成果是，使用啤酒产业的废物以及其他食品产业的废物来饲养昆虫，而这些昆虫可以用作给农场动物的饲料，具体来说是牛。从这些信息来看，一个合适的标题是C选项“昆虫可以帮助把啤酒废物转化为牛肉”，因为这反映了文章讨论的主要议题。
D篇
D篇是一篇评论议论文。文章讨论了AI在翻译方面的发展可能减少人们学习外语的必要性，旅行者可能会高兴，但深层次人际交流可能受损。文中展示了人们对此的不同观点，并强调了语言学习对社交天性的重要性。
第32题 C 在第二段中，因为我们在翻译方面对人工智能的依赖，所以大家对于习得语言这件事的热情慢慢减少，所以，“dwindling pursuit”表达的是语言学习变成了一种逐渐减少的追求。在这里，“dwindling”意味着不断减少或衰退，所以选项C "Declining"是正确的。
第33题 A 谚语“坐飞机到珠穆朗玛峰顶”是作者用来比喻通过机器交流而丧失了某些重要东西的情况，类似于减少了学习新语言的努力。文章中Douglas Hofstadter认为通过机器对话时会失去一些重要的东西，就像乘坐飞机到达珠穆朗玛峰顶而不是徒步登山那样，不需要个人努力。因此，比较的是A选项“使用AI工具进行翻译”。这句话的字面意思是一个坐着飞机去了珠穆朗玛峰的人是不会炫耀的，同理，一个用AI工具翻译的人也不会有自己真正掌握这门语言来得有成就感。
第34题 B 在第四段中提到的“Others”是指那些不太关心把自己置于其他文化中，或不需要通过语言学习来锻炼大脑的人们：他们在假期只是想要啤酒和披萨，而且会看到学习新语言是有一些令人钦佩但也让人困惑的。这个群体可能会认为AI翻译工具提供了一个好的服务，所以选项B "AI translation tools offer a good service"是他们会同意的。
第35题 D 最后一段关注的是语言的社交本质。文章巧妙地说明了虽然学习语言可以帮助个人（例如对心脏健康的益处），但是真正的价值在于它能够建立起人与人之间的联系。这里作者提到，只关注语言学习者本身会忽略语言的根本社会性质。因此，这意味着我们应该采取一个新的角度来理解语言学习的价值，即选项D “We should adopt a new angle on language learning”。
C篇
C篇是一篇书评。文章介绍了了有关气候变化的新书saving us，以及其作者Hayhoe是如何与反对者求同存异，感召他人关注气候变化。
28题 A 由文章第1段描述可知，“Saving us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, ‘The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it’.”这本书是TED演讲的续作，旨在教会人们分享气候问题的沟通技巧。因此，A选项是正确的。
29题 D 由文章第2段 “Much of the book’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe’s experience but also with convincing research by psychologist and social scientists.”可知，这本书的建议很普通，而且经过作者的经历和科学的验证。因此，D选项是正确的。
30题 D 由文章第4段“Her motto is ‘bond, connect and inspire’, which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality.”可知，D选项是正确的。
31题 D 由文章第5段“He showed her details of 12,000 conversations that had taken place as a result claiming that they have helped to convince the council to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy.”可知，这个例子说明了沟通可以影响政策的决定。因此，D选项是正确的。
D篇
D篇是一篇议论文。文章以一位哥伦比亚生物学家遭遇的语言问题为例，揭示了目前有很多非英文论文无法被翻译。对此，一些专家主张科学知识应当转换为一个共同的语言——英语。但作者对此并不认同。作者认为这会导致国际影响力的不平等，并且有些专业术语很难被英语翻译。因此，作者希望建立一个多语种的科学世界。
32题 D 文章第一段提到，由于Castaneda的母语是西班牙语，因此她的研究必须翻译成英文才能发表。但考虑到预算或时间成本，她的一些文章从未发表过。由此可见，语言隔阂阻碍了她的文章被广泛发表和知晓。因此，D选项是正确的。
33题 B 文章第五段提到，如果在科学研究中把关注点主要放在英语上, “this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence.”同时，作者以“forest snakes and frogs”为例，说明了一些专业术语也很难被英文翻译。可见，这会导致科研中知识鸿沟的产生。因此，B选项是正确的。
34题 C 文章第五段提到，单词的特定含义也会在翻译中造成问题。例如，在Castaneda与亚马逊土著社区所做的工作中，很难用英语找到一个词来描述 “forest snakes and frogs”。作者以该词为例，旨在说明翻译一些科学研究中的文本存在挑战。因此，C选项是正确的。
35题 A 在文章最后一段中，作者提出 “We need multilingual (多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages.” 同时，作者给出了一个具体的解决方案, “It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century”。因此，A选项是正确的。
南通等苏北六市2024届高三第一次调研测试
C篇
C篇是一篇书评。文章介绍了了有关气候变化的新书saving us，以及其作者Hayhoe是如何与反对者求同存异，感召他人关注气候变化。
28题 A 由文章第1段描述可知，“Saving us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, ‘The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it’.”这本书是TED演讲的续作，旨在教会人们分享气候问题的沟通技巧。因此，A选项是正确的。
29题 D 由文章第2段 “Much of the book’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe’s experience but also with convincing research by psychologist and social scientists.”可知，这本书的建议很普通，而且经过作者的经历和科学的验证。因此，D选项是正确的。
30题 D 由文章第4段“Her motto is ‘bond, connect and inspire’, which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality.”可知，D选项是正确的。
31题 D 由文章第5段“He showed her details of 12,000 conversations that had taken place as a result claiming that they have helped to convince the council to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy.”可知，这个例子说明了沟通可以影响政策的决定。因此，D选项是正确的。
D篇
D篇是一篇议论文。文章以一位哥伦比亚生物学家遭遇的语言问题为例，揭示了目前有很多非英文论文无法被翻译。对此，一些专家主张科学知识应当转换为一个共同的语言——英语。但作者对此并不认同。作者认为这会导致国际影响力的不平等，并且有些专业术语很难被英语翻译。因此，作者希望建立一个多语种的科学世界。
32题 D 文章第一段提到，由于Castaneda的母语是西班牙语，因此她的研究必须翻译成英文才能发表。但考虑到预算或时间成本，她的一些文章从未发表过。由此可见，语言隔阂阻碍了她的文章被广泛发表和知晓。因此，D选项是正确的。
33题 B 文章第五段提到，如果在科学研究中把关注点主要放在英语上, “this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence.”同时，作者以“forest snakes and frogs”为例，说明了一些专业术语也很难被英文翻译。可见，这会导致科研中知识鸿沟的产生。因此，B选项是正确的。
34题 C 文章第五段提到，单词的特定含义也会在翻译中造成问题。例如，在Castaneda与亚马逊土著社区所做的工作中，很难用英语找到一个词来描述 “forest snakes and frogs”。作者以该词为例，旨在说明翻译一些科学研究中的文本存在挑战。因此，C选项是正确的。
35题 A 在文章最后一段中，作者提出 “We need multilingual (多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages.” 同时，作者给出了一个具体的解决方案, “It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century”。因此，A选项是正确的。
盐城市、南京市2024高三年级第一次模拟考试
英语试题
C篇
C篇文章讲述了科学家发现植物如何通过内在机制保护自身免受基因损伤的影响。
第28题 D 原文中"spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, avoiding passing on faulty DNA."与D选项吻合。
第29题 C C选项与原文"they discovered that stem cells were more sensitive to DNA damage compared to other cells."吻合
第30题 A 原文意思是阻止受损的遗传密码影响到其他植物组织，所以答案选A扩散。
第31题 B B选项与原文"So knowledge of how plants deal with these stresses is of fundamental significance to agricultural science's response to climate change."吻合
D篇
D篇文章讲述了作者在日常生活中发现了“鸟笼效应”，并介绍了如何正确应对和利用这一效应。
第32题 C 结合第三段第一句"For the first time, I heard that the "birdcage effect” can be used in reverse ."以及后文可以发现作者对鸟笼效应的印象发生了改变，所以选C。
第33题 C 原文中作者看见征稿启事，由此爱上了写作，这是鸟笼效应的积极作用，所以选C。
第34题 D D选项与原文"we can clarify our goals, shop or decorate appropriately, and motivate ourselves to move towards our goals."吻合。
第35题 D 由最后一段可知本文主要教人们如何积极利用鸟笼效应，所以D最符合本文大意。
江苏省淮安市连云港市2024届高三第一次调研考试
英语试题2024.01
C篇
C篇是一篇科普文。文章介绍了行为神经学家Iris Adam对于为何鸟类经常鸣叫这一问题所进行的实验，最终得出有些雄鸟鸣叫是为了锻炼发声肌肉从而保持高质量的鸟鸣以吸引雌鸟的结论。
第28题 C 由文章第5段描述可知，“If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.”鸟类鸣叫如此频繁是为了练习肌肉从而发声得更加完美。因此，C选项是正确的。
第29题 B 由文章第3段 “She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock.”可知，鸟儿在黑暗的笼子里不会鸣叫，故光照是刺激鸟儿鸣叫的原因。因此，B选项是正确的。
第30题 D 由文章第3段“But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.”可知，被关在笼子里的鸟对异性的吸引力降低了，因此，D选项是正确的·。
第31题 D 由文章第6段“It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human—practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.”可知，研究者的观点是鸟儿也需要练习使自己成为一个完美的歌唱家。因此，D选项是正确的。
D篇
D篇是一篇科普文。目前被广泛运用的一些大语言模型（LLMs）正面临着新的挑战——AI Jailbreaks（AI越狱）。文章主要介绍了AI Jailbreaks的概念、运作过程及其对LLMs带来的影响。
第32题 A 文章第二段介绍了“jailbreaks”的含义。目前许多公开可用的大型语言模型都有硬编码规则，“But that hasn't stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections”，可见，“jailbreaks”（“越狱”）是指一种可以突破AI模型限制的一种技术。因此，A选项是正确的。
第33题 C 文章中提到，在“persona modulation”这个过程中， “They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona （角色）, which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse.” 这个方法之所以有效，是因为通过与一个模型进行正确的对话，可以使其采用特定的角色，进而做出不同的行为。因此，C选项是正确的。
第34题 B 文章最后一段表明了Yinzhen Li的态度。“Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. “Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled," she says.”可见，Yinzhen Li认为需要认真权衡LLMs的潜在利益和风险，对其保持谨慎态度。因此，B选项是正确的。
第35题 C 文章主要介绍了“AI Jailbreaks”的概念、运作过程和影响，根据文章内容可知，AI Jailbreaks对于大语言模型是一种新的挑战。因此，C选项是正确的。
江苏省常州市教育学会学业水平监测
高三英语试题2024年1月C篇
【解析】本文是说明文。文章通过描述宇宙大爆炸的过程，解释了宇宙起源的奥秘。
【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“It is natural but wrong to visualize the singularity as a kind of packed spot hanging in a dark, boundless void (虚空). There is no space, no darkness. The singularity has no “around” around it. We can’t even ask how long it has been there-whether it has just lately exploded into being, like a good idea, or whether it has been there forever, quietly awaiting the right moment. Time doesn’t exist. There is no past for it to emerge from.(把奇点想象成一个挂在黑暗、无边无际的虚空中的密集的点是很自然但错误的。那里没有空间，没有黑暗。奇点周围没有“周围”。我们甚至不能问它在那里多久了——它是最近才突然出现，像一个好主意，还是它一直在那里，静静地等待着合适的时刻。时间并不存在。它没有过去可以出现)”可知，奇点是一个什么都没有的点，包括时间，人们能想象，但是是错误的，所以它是神秘的。故选B项。
【29题详解】细节理解题。原文在讨论宇宙的初始状态时，描述了big bang（大爆炸）的过程：“…the singularity assumes heavenly dimensions, space beyond conception.” 这表明expansion（扩张）是大爆炸的第一个步骤，随之而来的是gravity的产生和其他物理力的出现。因此B选项是正确的顺序。
【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“In three minutes, 98 percent of all the matter there is or will ever be has been produced. We have a universe. It is a place of the most wondrous and gratifying possibility, and beautiful, too. And it was all done in about the time it takes to make a sandwich.(在三分钟内，98%的现有或将会存在的物质都产生了。我们有一个宇宙。这是一个最奇妙和最令人满意的可能性，也是一个美丽的地方。这一切都是在做一个三明治的时间内完成的)”可推知，作者对宇宙形成的速度感到惊讶。故选C项。
【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“And so, from nothing, our universe begins with a big “bang”.(因此，我们的宇宙从无到有，开始于一个大“爆炸”。)”以及综合全文可知，本文先描述了什么是奇点，然后描述奇点爆炸，宇宙形成，所以应是来自自科学书籍的如何构建宇宙这一章。故选D项。
D篇
【解析】本文的是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在用户界面设计中的应用所带来的问题，包括使用困难、选择受限以及科技公司对用户决策的控制等。
【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence.(像许多公司一样，苹果公司已经决定，如果可以使用人工智能，就没有必要开发一款易于使用的产品)”可知，作者使用Apple作为众多公司中的一个代表，来说明即使是知名公司如Apple在使用人工智能时也忽视了易用性的问题，所以是作为一个例子。故选C项。
【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” (Alexa和Siri已经成为有意计算的替代品。他们很容易将命令输入语音界面，但牺牲了“我们能做什么”，而变成了“亚马逊或苹果允许我们做什么”)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。当用户在Siri或Alexa中搜索某样东西时，苹果和亚马逊控制着搜索结果。谷歌已经根据你的位置提供了截然不同的搜索结果，并多次重新设计搜索本身，以欺骗用户点击在某种程度上有利于谷歌的链接)”可知，Alexa和Siri等智能助手虽然提供了便捷的语音交互方式，但限制了用户的选择，使得用户只能做Amazon或Apple允许的事情。这实际上是在为这些科技巨头控制用户决策、进而获取更多利益服务。故选D项。
【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but s