2024年中考英语一轮复习专题06 阅读理解之说明文（讲义）（含解析）

2024年中考英语一轮复习
专题06 阅读理解之说明文（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 中考阅读理解说明文考情分析
三 阅读说明文的考向 细节理解题 推理判断题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 提升必考题型归纳
四 真题感悟 中考阅读说明文经典考题精选
【复习目标】
1. 熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
2. 明确命题规律和提问方式
3. 掌握不同题型的解题方法
【考情分析】
阅读理解说明文命题规律
【名师解难】
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
说明文阅读理解的解题技巧
阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。
一、解题技巧
技巧一 快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。
技巧二 运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。
技巧三 注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。
技巧四 注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。
技巧五 合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。
技巧六 符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。
二、解题方法
先读懂文章，然后按顺序答题。此方法适合内容较易于理解和记忆的文章。
先读试题再读文章，这样我们可以带着问题有的放矢地阅读文章，迅速选出答案。
先阅读一篇文章，把握中心大意，然后开始答题，对暂时确定不了的答案，可回读文章的有关内容并对其进行分析、推敲后再确定。
对拿不准的答案，可先逐项排除自己有把握的错误选项，再将剩下的答案进行比较、筛选，直到确定最佳答案。
三、注意事项
1. 限时阅读：严格控制做题时间，具体到每一篇文章，通过有意识的训练，达到时间分配上的合理性。
2. 带着问题读：先快速浏览一遍题目，再开始阅读文章，有针对性的阅读会提升速度。
3. 找对应词句：中考阅读理解的答案都会聚焦到文章的词或句子上，在做题时找到相应的原文，并进行勾勒、标注，重点理解，有助于排除疑虑，且方便检查。
4. 重点注意首段、尾段、首句、尾句：中考阅读理解的材料都是有鲜明的中心句的，把握好中心句有助于全篇的理解。中心句通常位于首段、尾段、首句或尾句，需要特别注意。
5. 理解作者意图：切勿将自己的意图强加到文章中，特别是在做主旨大意题时。
【网络构建】
中考英语中的说明文，按照说明对象的不同，通常可分为两种类型：事物性说明文和事理性说明文。
以河南省中考阅读C篇分析来看：
说明文答题技巧
分析2023年各地区说明文类阅读理解，大都考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题以及主旨大意题
细节理解题
命题规律：
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。
命题方式 ：
1. 特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2. 填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：
1. 高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2. 中频考点：数字计算题；
3. 低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
解题原则 ：注意句子的逻辑关系，依附原文，杜绝主观臆断。
解题技巧 ：
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换。
推理判断题
推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
题型和考查角度：
1. 高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
2. 低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。
错误原因：
1. 主观臆断
2. 缺乏逻辑
3. 过度推理
4. 缺乏常识
隐含推断类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume（假定，设想）迅速确定题型
解题指导：
浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；
整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
观点态度类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favor of（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。
解题指导：
认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向
关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点
注意作者或文中人物的措辞
分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；
牢记观点态度的常见词语
写作意图类题型
锁定关键词：
根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intend to（打算），want to tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage to（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。
解题指导：
根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；
根据文体推断写作意图
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons ...）
词义猜测题
命题规律：
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
题型和考查角度：
1. 猜测生词或熟词生义。
2. 猜测短语的意义。
3. 猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4. 猜测句意。
命题方式：
The phrase “...” in the sentence could be replaced by “ ”.
The word “...” in the paragraph refer to “ ”.
What is the meaning of the underlined word in the ... paragraph
Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”
The word “...” most nearly means “ ”.
The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph implies that .
解题技巧 ：
1. 定位文中画线处上下文。
2. 理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征 ：
正确选项特征
将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺。
含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。
干扰项特征
与划线部分词形相似
考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确 3. 选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选项。
根据定义推测词义：
有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。
根据举例推测词义：
有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such ... as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。
根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：
表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。
根据同义词或并列结构推测词义：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
根据构词法推测词义：
英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
根据因果关系推测词义：
因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so ... that, such ... that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
主旨大意题
命题规律：
主旨大意题即考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力, 难度较大。不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
题型和考查角度：
1. 主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2. 标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。
要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
选项特征：
正确选项特征
涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩
语言精练，若是标题类，则应当醒目且语言具有概括性和针对性。
干扰项特征
过于笼统 范围太大，超出文章内容。
以偏概全 只是文章的某一部分或者某一个细节，或是某一个段落的要点或者部分。
主观臆断 与文章内容无关，只是涉及个别单词或按现实生活生搬硬套。
命题方式：
What is the text mainly about
What is the best title for the text
What can be a suitable title for the text
What’s the first/second/third ... paragraph mainly about
What’s the main idea discussed in the first/second/... paragraph
解题技巧：
说明文：明文的主题句一般在文首, 但有的在文尾, 也有的首尾呼应。
段落大意题
通过结构或暗示概括段落大意
根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
（一）
（2024·辽宁·统考模拟预测）
People are trying to build “green buildings” that are friendly to the environment. They might not seem any different from common buildings. But let’s take a closer look.
Stay cool and warm. It takes a lot of energy to light rooms. It also takes energy to heat and cool buildings. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulation (隔热材料) inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat outside in summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling. Some green buildings don’t need any radiators (散热器) or air conditioning at all!
Save the trees. What a building is made from can also help the planet. To save forests, some green buildings have bamboo floors instead of wood. Bamboo looks like wood, but it’s actually a grass. It grows back 20 times faster than a tree. Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and reduces pollution of producing something new.
Make better home. City planners like green buildings because they save money and they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.
As more people become concerned (担忧的) about climate change, more buildings are going green. Experts are finding new ways to build green buildings. We also need to change our mind. Let’s take action now!
1．How does an energy-smart building save energy for heating and cooling
A．It uses air conditioners. B．It uses smart radiators.
C．It has special thick walls. D．It has fewer room lights.
2．Bamboo is used instead of wood in green buildings because ________
A．it is a recycled material B．it grows back much faster
C．it can keep the room warm D．it can save a lot of money
3．In Paragraph 4, the writer advises us to ________
A．build a whole new green building B．pay attention to climate change
C．make small changes to our home D．use only gas to cook our meals
4．How is the text organized
(①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, …)
A． B． C． D．
（2023·河南周口·校考三模）
They’ve been extinct (灭绝) for more than 65 million years. They left no pictures but libraries were filled with books about them. Yet, they live on in the imaginations of people. Mention the word “dinosaur” to anyone and you’re sure to have something to talk about.
We have known about these strange living things for more than 200 years. Their fossil (化石) record was first discovered in 1818. The word “dinosaur” was created in 1842 by a scientist who put two Greek words together.
What we know about dinosaurs comes only through the fossil record they left behind. We can get an idea of how they looked by building their skeletons (骨架) with fossilized bones and teeth. They must have been amazing as they towered high above the other living things of their time. We do know that they lived on land and walked. Some walked on two legs. Others preferred four legs. Some were fast and others were quite slow.
We have a pretty good picture of their size and structure, but not much else is known for certain. For example, what color were they Nobody knows. Did they cry like lions, or were their voices sweet and musical like birds Again, how can we know The fossil record does not speak.
Keep in mind that what we don’t know about dinosaurs is far greater than what we do know about them. As with a lot of researches about that era, scientists often have to read between the lines.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
5．Which of the following pictures is the dinosaur
A． B． C． D．
6．When was the first dinosaur fossil discovered
A．Almost 200 years ago. B．Over 200 years ago.
C．More than 65 million years ago. D．Almost 200 million years ago.
7．What are people sure about dinosaurs
A．Color and action. B．Size and structure.
C．Sound and language. D．Personality and feeling.
8．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．Different kinds of dinosaurs. B．Several facts about dinosaurs.
C．The size and structure of dinosaurs. D．Some unknown things about dinosaurs.
9．What’s the best title for the text
A．The appearance of dinosaurs
B．The places where dinosaurs lived
C．The reasons why dinosaurs died out
D．Known and unknown facts about dinosaurs
（2023·福建厦门·厦门外国语学校校考模拟预测）
A special season of Voice of China that spotlights (聚焦) on Yue Opera, a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产), was on Zhejiang TV.
Yue Opera, one of the five major Chinese operas (Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Yu Opera in the order of influence), is known as “Chinese drama” abroad. Yue opera started in Shaoxing, Zhejiang and later became popular in Shanghai. Xiaosheng, Xiaodan, Laosheng, Laodan, Xiaochou, and Damian are the six major roles in Yue Opera. Xiaosheng are the young man roles while Xiaodan are the young woman roles. Laosheng and Laodan refers to the older man and woman roles. Xiaochou usually play a fun role. Damian are mostly treacherous (不忠的).
Working with the province’s department of culture and tourism, Zhejiang TV tries to use the influence of Voice of China, which has owned a great audience (观众) group in home and abroad since 10 years ago, to creatively spread traditional art forms among young audience.
The special season has kept the form of Voice of China, inviting four experienced performers as team leaders to choose their team members. The team leaders have to sit with their back to the stage where the performers would perform one after another. If someone’s singing wins their hearts, they can push a button to turn around the chairs to see the face of the performer.
Young Yue Opera performers are encouraged to show the traditional art creatively. For example, they would use guitar as the musical instrument in the opera or add modern singing style into their performance.
10．According to the influence, Yue Opera is the ________ major Chinese operas.
A．1st B．2nd C．3rd D．4th
11．Picture ________ shows the role of Xiaodan.
A． B． C． D．
12．From the passage, you can learn the following about Yue Opera EXCEPT ________.
A．it has six major roles B．it started in Shanghai
C．it is an intangible cultural heritage D．it is known as “Chinese drama” abroad
13．The 4th paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A．why Voice of China is popular B．what performers do in the show
C．how the special season runs D．who the team leaders are
14．The topic of the passage is about ________.
A．business & tourism B．science & future C．culture & art D．films & music
（2023·山西大同·模拟预测）
Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about With the development of AI, we may be able to understand their languages!
In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI is helping us to make an animal version（版本）.
All around the animal kingdom（王国）, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and decipher（破译）. For example, elephants talk with each other using infrasound（次声波）far below our human hearing range. Coral（珊瑚）in the ocean also sends sound waves to attract baby coral to safer areas to grow. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening equipment into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear.
After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning. For example, Israeli researchers used AI to translate bats’ 15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about four things: food, sleep positions（姿势）, invasion（侵犯）, and unwanted advances（求爱）.
This technology can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate. A research team in Germany, therefore, put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a dance routine（路线）to tell the bees where the nectar（花蜜）was, Vox reported.
15．What does Karen Bakker’s new book mainly talk about
A．Why humans should protect animals.
B．How AI helps humans to understand animals.
C．When humans can get closer to animals.
16．How did elephants talk with each other
A．By using infrasound. B．By sending sound waves. C．By waving their big ears.
17．What does the underlined word “equipment” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．耳机 B．设备 C．障碍
18．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 4
A．Scientists have got to know how bats argue with each other.
B．Israeli researchers are the first to use AI to translate animals’ languages.
C．Scientists have been able to translate some animals’ languages with AI technology.
19．How did scientists tell bees where the nectar was
A．They trained other bees to lead them there.
B．They asked a robot bee to teach them a new language.
C．They made a robot bee to tell the bees about the route by dancing.
（2023·吉林白城·校联考模拟预测）
Feeling sweaty (流汗的) from a summer heat wave Don’t worry. Not all your sweat has to go to waste. Researchers from University of California have developed a new device (装置) that produces energy from the sweat on your fingertips.
The device is called a biofuel cell (生物燃料细胞). From the outside, it looks like a simple piece of film connected to electrodes (电极). So how does the device work When you stick the biofuel cell to your finger, it takes in sweat. The enzymes (酶) on the electrodes then help to produce electricity.
Besides using the sweat, the device also produces small amounts of energy when it is pressed, so daily activities like typing, texting, or playing the piano are all good ways to produce electricity.
Some people may think it queer to choose fingertips as the source of sweat, but in fact, they are the sweatiest part of the body. Each finger produces between 100 and 1,000 times more sweat than most other areas.
The device is the most effective on-body energy producer. Before it is invented, most power producing wearable devices require wearers to perform exercise or depend on other sources, such as sunlight or large changes in temperature. But the new device uses a system to produce electricity from sweat in your fingertips, even if you are sleeping or sitting completely quietly. One of the researchers Lu Yin said, “Unlike other sweat-powered wearables, this one requires no exercise, no physical input from the wearer in order to be useful. This work is a step forward to making wearables more practical and convenient.
It’s also quite comfortable to wear the device. The size of the device is about 1 cm2. “You can comfortably wear it for a long period of time,” said Yin.
However, at the moment, the device can only store up a little bit power. And it would take about three weeks of constant (不断的) wear to power a smart phone, but the researchers hope to increase its power in the future.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
20．The biofuel cell can ________.
A．protect fingertips B．cause a heat wave C．make use of sweat D．develop new devices
21．What does the underlined word “queer” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Strange. B．Unsafe. C．Dirty. D．Traditional.
22．Wearing the biofuel cell, who can make the biofuel cell work
① Edward has a good sleep in his bed.
② Vetty sends a text message to her mom.
③ Nick plays basketball with his classmates.
④ Lily dried the sweat on her hands with a fan.
A．②③④ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．①②③
23．What is the advantage of the biofuel cell
A．It can influence the temperature greatly.
B．It can power a smart phone in a day.
C．It makes you comfortable when you are in pain.
D．It works for nearly 24 hours a day when you wear it.
24．What’s the best title for the passage
A．The History of the Biofuel Cell B．A Traditional Technology—the Biofuel Cell
C．A New Technology—the Biofuel Cell D．The Inventor of the Biofuel Cell
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）
Whenever we hear the name Leonardo da Vinci, most of us probably think of his famous paintings the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. But do you know that he also did well in many other areas outside of art
Leonardo da Vinci was considered to be one of the most talented and the cleverest people of all time. He left behind many notebooks full of creative ideas and inventions. They were also full of different subjects that he was studying. He spelt words backwards（朝反方向）and revered（使……反转）each letter. So his notes could only be read through the use of a mirror. This “mirror writing” might have helped protect his ideas from getting stolen by others.
In his notebooks, there were designs for flying machines. It wasn’t until about 400 years later that people learned how to use machines to fly. Leonardo da Vinci drew pictures and designs of war machines, musical instruments and many other things as well.
Besides, he was also interested in the human body. He studied the human body a lot. He described different parts of the body in his notebooks. One of his most famous drawings, the Vitruvian Man, imagines a man with perfect proportions（比例）. Leonardo da Vinci also studied the bodies of horses, cows, frogs, monkeys and other animals.
Leonardo da Vinci believed that science and art were closely connected. In his opinion, the study of science and nature helped shape his work as an artist. Do you agree with him
25．Which design of the following didn’t Leonardo da Vinci draw according to the passage
A．War machines. B．Flying machines. C．Reversing mirrors. D．Musical instruments.
26．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks B．Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings
C．Leonardo da Vinci5s ideas D．Leonardo da Vinci’s designs
27．Which of the following was Leonardo da Vinci’s idea
A．Science and his artworks weren’t closely connected.
B．Learning science helped him make better works of art.
C．All artists should learn to make scientific inventions.
D．The study of nature couldn’t improve his work as an artist.
28．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
29．What’s the main purpose of the passage
A．To let us know more about the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
B．To show us some of Leonardo da Vinci’s flying machines.
C．To let us know more about Leonardo da Vinci.
D．To let us help find Leonardo da Vinci’s special notebooks.
（2023·安徽·统考模拟预测）
①Nowadays children mostly receive hongbao online thanks to the mobile payment apps such as Alipay and WeChat, which made the central bank to create a new kind of money for online business. That’s how the digital renminbi came into being. The digital trade has increased the types of payment tools. Yet the use of the digital renminbi faces some challenges.
②First, with payment apps like Alipay and WeChat, a complete ecosystem (生态系统) has been set up for activities such as shopping, traveling, giving hongbao and making payments. So in a short time, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake it.
③Second, payments through the digital renminbi are put directly into digital accounts and trades can be completed through an electronic machine, which may cause users to worry about the safety of their money, especially when a user loses the mobile phone.
④Third, the public is not attracted (吸引) to the digital renminbi because it has no appreciation value. While people have interest in bank deposit (存款), no interest is offered on digital renminbi deposits.
⑤In fact, the first idea of the digital renminbi was to make trades easier for buyers and sellers with the help of the Internet and mobile apps. And as a tool that can meet the needs of the public in many fields, it is likely to be widely used in the future.
30．What does “it” refer to
A．The central bank. B．The safety of money.
C．The complete payment ecosystem. D．The newly-made electronic machine.
31．What does the writer think of the future of the digital renminbi
A．Worrying and doubtful. B．Impossible to get developed.
C．Challengeable but hopeful. D．Not mentioned in the passage.
32．What is the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
（2023·安徽·统考模拟预测）
More young Chinese people like products with Chinese traditional elements (元素).
Every month，Zhang Lingling holds a party with her friends. They wear hanfu and sing songs with music from traditional instruments. In addition, the 23-year-old girl developed a mobile game that features (以……为特) a martial arts (武术) world full of traditional cultures.
________ A report by Chinese short-video platform Bilibili in February shows that over 177 million of the users loved videos featuring traditional culture. Looking for the reason behind it，Ji Fangfang, a professor with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said: “They want to tell the world who they are and to express their specialties.”
While some prefer carrying on traditional Chinese culture, others are mixing it with modern things. Pop culture designer Yu Yang is one of them. When he made products featuring the ancient God of Fortune, the god wore fashionable Chinese shoes and a cap, and had a microphone in his hand. “Pop culture is a common language. I hope more people will accept and love my work and know Chinese culture through my art pieces,” he said in an interview with China Daily.
33．What are the activities Zhang Lingling do at the party with her friends
A．They wear hanfu and sing songs. B．They play martial arts.
C．They watch short-videos from Bilibili. D．They play a mobile game together.
34．Which of the following sentence can be put in _______
A．Hanfu is a kind of dress worn by ancient Han people.
B．She always loses herself in singing those ancient poems.
C．Like Zhang, there are many young people with love for traditional Chinese culture.
D．Popular modern culture is the best way for young people to show their personalities.
35．What does the product God of Fortune by Yu Yang stand for
A．Pop Chinese culture. B．Traditional Chinese culture.
C．Mixture of eastern and western cultures. D．Mixture of traditional and modern cultures.
36．What does Yu Yang hope for the future
A．Accepting more interviews. B．Popularity of Chinese culture.
C．Designing more Chinese shoes. D．Developing more mobile games.
（一）
（2023·浙江湖州·统考中考真题）
Scientists believe the Earth is 4.6 billion years old. However, the mountains, valleys (山谷), hills, rivers, deserts and forests we see today are much younger than that. For example, Mount Qomolangma is about 60 million years old and the Amazon rainforest is only 10 million years old. The youngest sea in the world is the Baltic Sea, at about 15000 years old.
The Earth is always changing because of volcanoes (火山), earthquakes and of course, wind and rain. Some of these changes are very slow and others are quick. Water and ice can make very great changes to the planet. For example, glaciers rivers of ice can cut through mountains and make lakes and deep valleys. Many volcanoes are under the oceans and sometimes they become new islands. This is happening in the South Pacific, near Tonga.
It’s normal for our planet to change, but at the moment, scientists think it’s changing faster than usual. Some deserts are growing and many forests are getting smaller. The weather is getting wetter in some places and drier in others, and there are more big storms. According to the research, the sea level will continue to rise in the next hundred years. As a result, many cities will possibly be covered by water and much of the most productive farming areas will be lost. Some island countries are likely to disappear on the map of the world.
These changes will bring great harm to the planet. However, they can be beneficial to some people. For example, as the Arctic is getting warmer, some people in Greenland now own businesses and sell vegetables they grow on their land. That wasn’t possible in the far north 50 years ago. Farmers in Greenland like the warm weather and hope it will continue.
1．How does the writer describe the changes of the Earth in Paragraph 2
A．By using sayings. B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers.
2．From Paragraph 3, we can mainly learn about ________.
A．the age of the Earth B．problems for the planet
C．the life of the farmers D．influences on the mountains
3．The underlined word “beneficial” in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to “________”.
A．harmful B．normal C．helpful D．uncomfortable
（2023·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）
China has made a system of laws to protect the environment. It has helped build beautiful China, according to a work report.
The system includes the Environmental Protection Law and a lot of laws in some other areas, such as the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, the Black Soil (土壤) Protection Law, the law on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and so on. These environmental protection laws assist with beautiful China.
China protects and improves the environment in which people live. It has made great efforts to prevent and control pollution. Over the past five years, the air quality (质量) has stayed at the good level on 86.5 percent of the days in cities. The country has also made progress in preventing and controlling soil pollution and continued to protect forests, rivers, lakes and so on. What’s more, China has managed to make laws to protect wild animals and plants, provide homes for many animals and teach the public to help them. Animals are friends of humans, and protecting animals is also to protect the home of humans.
A good environment is important to humans. Without the fresh air or clean water, we can’t live on the earth. The Chinese government has taken action to protect both. the environment and ourselves.
4．There are at least ________ laws in Paragraph 2.
A．5 B．6 C．7 D．8
5．The underlined word “assist” in Paragraph 2 is similar to ________.
A．part B．agree C．help D．deal
6．According to Paragraph 3, we have done something to protect the animals, including ________.
①providing homes for many animals
②giving animals more food
③teaching the public to help animals
④making laws to protect wild animals and plants
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④
7．Over the past five years, the air quality in cities has generally stayed at the ________ level.
A．bad B．terrible C．poor D．good
8．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．A system of laws has been made to protect soil around China.
B．The country has made progress in preventing river pollution.
C．China protects and improves the environment in which people live.
D．China has taken action to protect the environment and humans.
（2023·湖南娄底·统考中考真题）
Nowadays, it seems that we cannot live without technology. We learn, work and relax by using phones, computers, iPads, AI robots and so on. Now, let’s see what’s going on in Julie’s life.
Julie usually wakes up at the ring of a mobile phone. Then, she eats her breakfast to a video on the phone. When she gets to her company, she deals with the business on the computer. And she often downloads（下载）and stores things that she needs on her iPad. When she needs something, she can just turn on the iPad and search for it. She carries the iPad wherever she is on business because it’s light. When she is at home in the evening, she sometimes uses ChatGPT, a smart AI chat robot, to write her projects. She only needs to type in some key words and then she can get some ideas in a second. It can make her use less time to do more things. In the late evening, she always falls asleep at the soft music from Xiaodu.
Julie lives with technology, and so do we. However, technology brings us some problems at the same time. Staring at screens too much is bad for our eyes. Many of us are near-sighted（近视的）or have other eye problems. AI is making some of us unwilling to think and explore on our own. We may copy ideas from AI robots. We may even like chatting in the virtual（虚拟的）world better because of so many chat robots.
So, I think that technology is a double-sided sword（双刃剑）. We should use technology correctly and wisely to make our life easy, colorful and convenient.
9．What does Julie probably do
A．She is a student. B．She is a writer. C．She is a manager.
10．What does Julie carry when she is on business
A．A computer. B．An iPad. C．An AI robot.
11．How does the writer develop Paragraph 2
A．By giving examples. B．By providing reasons. C．By expressing opinions.
12．What can we infer（推断）from the passage
A．ChatGPT is a smart AI chat robot.
B．AI robots will take the place of us one day.
C．People may communicate less with each other in real life.
13．What’s the best title of the passage
A．How Does Julie Spend Her Day
B．How Does Technology Help Us
C．How Does Technology Influence Our Life
（2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）
Chinese researchers reached the top of Qomolangma on May 4, 2022. They set up the world’s highest automatic (自动的) weather station at an altitude (海拔) of 8,830 meters. This helps them to study the influences of climate change on the environment.
It is the highest automatic weather station in the world now. It has taken the place of the station sitting at an altitude of 8,430 meters on the south side of the mountain, which is the second highest now. This allows Chinese scientists to directly collect data (数据) for the first time from the top of the world’s highest mountain.
Collecting and studying data from Qomolangma is not easy. But the data will give valuable information about the condition of local glaciers (冰川) and mountain snow. It will also help scientists study and understand the global monsoon (季风) system, so experts can make proper decisions about climate change.
Yao Tandong, a famous expert, said Chinese scientists had set up eight weather stations from 5,200 to 8,830 meters above sea level. Half of the stations were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters. “Along with strong government support and hard work by scientists, China has become a global front-runner in fields such as climate change.” Yao said.
14．What is the altitude of the highest automatic weather station
A．5,200 meters. B．7,000 meters.
C．8,430 meters. D．8,830 meters.
15．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 3
A．Reaching the top of Qomolangma. B．The influences of climate change.
C．The data from Qomolangma. D．The highest automatic weather station.
16．How many weather stations were set up at an altitude higher than 7,000 meters
A．Two. B．Four. C．Six. D．Eight.
17．Which statement (陈述) is NOT right according to the passage
A．Chinese scientists can directly collect data from the top of Qomolangma now.
B．It is hard to collect and study data from Qomolangma.
C．The second highest weather station is on the north side of the mountain.
D．China has made great achievements in fields such as climate change.
18．In which part of a newspaper can we find the passage
A．Science. B．Sports. C．Travel. D．Health.
（2023·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）
A team of Chinese scientists and climbers reached the top of Qomolangma at about 12:30 p.m. on Tuesday, May 23. It’s the second time since last year for the science expedition (考察) team to reach the top.
The team was made up of 13 Chinese scientists and climbers. They set off at a height of 8,300 metres for the top at about 3 a.m. After more than 8 hours of hard climbing, they arrived at the 8,830-metre weather station.
After fixing steel ropes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and direction sensors (传感器), they finished improving the world’s highest automated (自动化的) weather station, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year. Besides, they collected ice-snow samples on the top for further research.
The weather station records temperatures, wind speeds and other key data for studying climate change. Climate scientists have found that global warming has had a large influence on the glacier number on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原).
Over the last fifty years, the temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen about 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecosystem (生态系统) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding of the influence of climate change, and help scientists and the government make proper decisions.
Since the mid-20th century, China has sent different research expedition teams to Qomolangma. But because of limited resources and technologies, many key scientific questions are still unanswered, such as whether global warming can melt the ice at the top of Qomolangma, and how ecosystem can change as height increases to extremity.
19．How many times has the Chinese science expedition team reached the top since last year
A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times.
20．Which paragraph best describes the picture below
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
21．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A．The way of scientists studying climate change.
B．The effort of government to solve climate change.
C．The influence of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
D．The importance of studying ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
22．What can we know from the passage
A．The team set of fat a height of 8,830 metres for the top at about 3 a.m.
B．The team collected rock samples on the top for further research.
C．China has setup the world’s highest automated weather station so far.
D．All the key scientific questions have been answered up to now.
答案与解析
（一）
（2024·辽宁·统考模拟预测）
People are trying to build “green buildings” that are friendly to the environment. They might not seem any different from common buildings. But let’s take a closer look.
Stay cool and warm. It takes a lot of energy to light rooms. It also takes energy to heat and cool buildings. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulation (隔热材料) inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat outside in summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling. Some green buildings don’t need any radiators (散热器) or air conditioning at all!
Save the trees. What a building is made from can also help the planet. To save forests, some green buildings have bamboo floors instead of wood. Bamboo looks like wood, but it’s actually a grass. It grows back 20 times faster than a tree. Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and reduces pollution of producing something new.
Make better home. City planners like green buildings because they save money and they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.
As more people become concerned (担忧的) about climate change, more buildings are going green. Experts are finding new ways to build green buildings. We also need to change our mind. Let’s take action now!
1．How does an energy-smart building save energy for heating and cooling
A．It uses air conditioners. B．It uses smart radiators.
C．It has special thick walls. D．It has fewer room lights.
2．Bamboo is used instead of wood in green buildings because ________
A．it is a recycled material B．it grows back much faster
C．it can keep the room warm D．it can save a lot of money
3．In Paragraph 4, the writer advises us to ________
A．build a whole new green building B．pay attention to climate change
C．make small changes to our home D．use only gas to cook our meals
4．How is the text organized
(①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, …)
A． B． C． D．
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了环保建筑的好处以及呼吁人们赶紧行动起来。
1．细节理解题。根据“An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulation (隔热材料) inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat outside in summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling.”可知，厚墙内的特殊材料可以用于节省能源，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Bamboo looks like wood, but it’s actually a grass. It grows back 20 times faster than a tree.”可知，因为它的生长速度是树的20倍，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.”可知，对房屋作一些简单的改变，故选C。
4．篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，第一段主要引出话题“环保建筑”；第二段到第四段主要讲述“环保建筑”的好处；最后一段呼吁人们行动起来，故选A。
（2023·河南周口·校考三模）
They’ve been extinct (灭绝) for more than 65 million years. They left no pictures but libraries were filled with books about them. Yet, they live on in the imaginations of people. Mention the word “dinosaur” to anyone and you’re sure to have something to talk about.
We have known about these strange living things for more than 200 years. Their fossil (化石) record was first discovered in 1818. The word “dinosaur” was created in 1842 by a scientist who put two Greek words together.
What we know about dinosaurs comes only through the fossil record they left behind. We can get an idea of how they looked by building their skeletons (骨架) with fossilized bones and teeth. They must have been amazing as they towered high above the other living things of their time. We do know that they lived on land and walked. Some walked on two legs. Others preferred four legs. Some were fast and others were quite slow.
We have a pretty good picture of their size and structure, but not much else is known for certain. For example, what color were they Nobody knows. Did they cry like lions, or were their voices sweet and musical like birds Again, how can we know The fossil record does not speak.
Keep in mind that what we don’t know about dinosaurs is far greater than what we do know about them. As with a lot of researches about that era, scientists often have to read between the lines.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
5．Which of the following pictures is the dinosaur
A． B． C． D．
6．When was the first dinosaur fossil discovered
A．Almost 200 years ago. B．Over 200 years ago.
C．More than 65 million years ago. D．Almost 200 million years ago.
7．What are people sure about dinosaurs
A．Color and action. B．Size and structure.
C．Sound and language. D．Personality and feeling.
8．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．Different kinds of dinosaurs. B．Several facts about dinosaurs.
C．The size and structure of dinosaurs. D．Some unknown things about dinosaurs.
9．What’s the best title for the text
A．The appearance of dinosaurs
B．The places where dinosaurs lived
C．The reasons why dinosaurs died out
D．Known and unknown facts about dinosaurs
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了我们对恐龙的已知和未知。
5．细节理解题。根据“they towered high above the other living things of their time”以及常识可知恐龙比那个时代的其他生物都要高，选项C符合。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据“We have known about these strange living things for more than 200 years. Their fossil (化石) record was first discovered in 1818”可知恐龙化石于1818年首次被发现，即200多年前。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“We have a pretty good picture of their size and structure”可知我们对它们的大小和结构有一个很好的了解。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据“We have a pretty good picture of their size and structure, but not much else is known for certain ...”以及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了关于恐龙的一些未知。故选D。
9．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了我们对恐龙的已知和未知，以选项D“关于恐龙的已知和未知事实”为标题最合适。故选D。
（2023·福建厦门·厦门外国语学校校考模拟预测）
A special season of Voice of China that spotlights（聚焦）on Yue Opera, a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产), was on Zhejiang TV.
Yue Opera, one of the five major Chinese operas (Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Yu Opera in the order of influence), is known as “Chinese drama” abroad. Yue opera started in Shaoxing, Zhejiang and later became popular in Shanghai. Xiaosheng, Xiaodan, Laosheng, Laodan, Xiaochou, and Damian are the six major roles in Yue Opera. Xiaosheng are the young man roles while Xiaodan are the young woman roles. Laosheng and Laodan refers to the older man and woman roles. Xiaochou usually play a fun role. Damian are mostly treacherous (不忠的).
Working with the province’s department of culture and tourism, Zhejiang TV tries to use the influence of Voice of China, which has owned a great audience (观众) group in home and abroad since 10 years ago, to creatively spread traditional art forms among young audience.
The special season has kept the form of Voice of China, inviting four experienced performers as team leaders to choose their team members. The team leaders have to sit with their back to the stage where the performers would perform one after another. If someone’s singing wins their hearts, they can push a button to turn around the chairs to see the face of the performer.
Young Yue Opera performers are encouraged to show the traditional art creatively. For example, they would use guitar as the musical instrument in the opera or add modern singing style into their performance.
10．According to the influence, Yue Opera is the ________ major Chinese operas.
A．1st B．2nd C．3rd D．4th
11．Picture ________ shows the role of Xiaodan.
A． B． C． D．
12．From the passage, you can learn the following about Yue Opera EXCEPT ________.
A．it has six major roles B．it started in Shanghai
C．it is an intangible cultural heritage D．it is known as “Chinese drama” abroad
13．The 4th paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A．why Voice of China is popular B．what performers do in the show
C．how the special season runs D．who the team leaders are
14．The topic of the passage is about ________.
A．business & tourism B．science & future C．culture & art D．films & music
【答案】10．B 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了越剧是一种中国传统文化艺术。文章详细介绍了它的起源、它的特点、它的发展以及《中国好声音》特别季的运营等。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yue Opera, one of the five major Chinese operas (Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Yu Opera in the order of influence)”可知，越剧是中国五大戏曲种类之一（京剧，越剧，黄梅戏，评剧，和豫剧，按影响力排序），可见，越剧是“中国第二大剧种”。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段“Xiaosheng are the young man roles while Xiaodan are the young woman roles.”可知，小旦是年轻女性的角色。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yue opera started in Shaoxing, Zhejiang and later became popular in Shanghai.”可知，越剧起源于浙江绍兴，后来在上海流行起来。所以选项B描述错误。故选B。
13．段落大意题。根据第四段“The special season has kept the form of Voice of China, inviting four experienced performers as team leaders to choose their team members. ... If someone’s singing wins their hearts, they can push a button to turn around the chairs to see the face of the performer.”可知，《中国好声音》特别季邀请了四位经验丰富的表演者作为团队领导者来选择他们的团队成员。表演者的歌声赢得了他们的心，他们才会转身看到演出者。由此可见，本段是在说中国好声音特别季是怎样运营的。故选C。
14．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文由《中国好声音》特别季引入越剧，进而介绍越剧的起源、特点、角色等。由此推知文章的主题是关于文化和艺术的。故选C。
（2023·山西大同·模拟预测）
Have you ever wondered what animals are talking about With the development of AI, we may be able to understand their languages!
In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI is helping us to make an animal version（版本）.
All around the animal kingdom（王国）, there are sounds that we can hardly pick up and decipher（破译）. For example, elephants talk with each other using infrasound（次声波）far below our human hearing range. Coral（珊瑚）in the ocean also sends sound waves to attract baby coral to safer areas to grow. This is surprising as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening equipment into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear.
After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning. For example, Israeli researchers used AI to translate bats’ 15,000 calls. They found that more than 60 percent were arguments about four things: food, sleep positions（姿势）, invasion（侵犯）, and unwanted advances（求爱）.
This technology can not only understand the animals but communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate. A research team in Germany, therefore, put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a dance routine（路线）to tell the bees where the nectar（花蜜）was, Vox reported.
15．What does Karen Bakker’s new book mainly talk about
A．Why humans should protect animals.
B．How AI helps humans to understand animals.
C．When humans can get closer to animals.
16．How did elephants talk with each other
A．By using infrasound. B．By sending sound waves. C．By waving their big ears.
17．What does the underlined word “equipment” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．耳机 B．设备 C．障碍
18．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 4
A．Scientists have got to know how bats argue with each other.
B．Israeli researchers are the first to use AI to translate animals’ languages.
C．Scientists have been able to translate some animals’ languages with AI technology.
19．How did scientists tell bees where the nectar was
A．They trained other bees to lead them there.
B．They asked a robot bee to teach them a new language.
C．They made a robot bee to tell the bees about the route by dancing.
【答案】15．B 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能技术如何帮助我们理解动物语言。
15．细节理解题。根据“In Professor Karen Bakker’s new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants, she talks about how AI is helping us to make an animal version”可知，这本书主要谈论了人工智能如何帮助我们制作动物版。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据“elephants talk with each other using infrasound far below our human hearing range”可知，大象使用远低于人类听觉范围的次声波相互交谈。故选A。
17．词义猜测题。根据“Scientists have placed listening equipment into these environments to pick up the sounds humans cannot hear.”可知，为了收集人类听不到的声音，需要一些设备，故此处划线部分意为“设备”。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据“After the sounds are recorded, AI can study their meaning ...”可知，在声音被记录下来之后，人工智能可以研究它们的含义，由此推知科学家们已经能够用人工智能技术翻译一些动物的语言。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据“A research team in Germany, therefore, put the bee language AI system into a robot bee. They asked the robot to create a dance routine（路线）to tell the bees where the nectar was”可知，他们让机器人创造一个舞蹈程序，告诉蜜蜂花蜜在哪里。故选C。
（2023·吉林白城·校联考模拟预测）
Feeling sweaty (流汗的) from a summer heat wave Don’t worry. Not all your sweat has to go to waste. Researchers from University of California have developed a new device (装置) that produces energy from the sweat on your fingertips.
The device is called a biofuel cell (生物燃料细胞). From the outside, it looks like a simple piece of film connected to electrodes (电极). So how does the device work When you stick the biofuel cell to your finger, it takes in sweat. The enzymes (酶) on the electrodes then help to produce electricity.
Besides using the sweat, the device also produces small amounts of energy when it is pressed, so daily activities like typing, texting, or playing the piano are all good ways to produce electricity.
Some people may think it queer to choose fingertips as the source of sweat, but in fact, they are the sweatiest part of the body. Each finger produces between 100 and 1,000 times more sweat than most other areas.
The device is the most effective on-body energy producer. Before it is invented, most power producing wearable devices require wearers to perform exercise or depend on other sources, such as sunlight or large changes in temperature. But the new device uses a system to produce electricity from sweat in your fingertips, even if you are sleeping or sitting completely quietly. One of the researchers Lu Yin said, “Unlike other sweat-powered wearables, this one requires no exercise, no physical input from the wearer in order to be useful. This work is a step forward to making wearables more practical and convenient.
It’s also quite comfortable to wear the device. The size of the device is about 1 cm2. “You can comfortably wear it for a long period of time,” said Yin.
However, at the moment, the device can only store up a little bit power. And it would take about three weeks of constant (不断的) wear to power a smart phone, but the researchers hope to increase its power in the future.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
20．The biofuel cell can ________.
A．protect fingertips B．cause a heat wave C．make use of sweat D．develop new devices
21．What does the underlined word “queer” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Strange. B．Unsafe. C．Dirty. D．Traditional.
22．Wearing the biofuel cell, who can make the biofuel cell work
① Edward has a good sleep in his bed.
② Vetty sends a text message to her mom.
③ Nick plays basketball with his classmates.
④ Lily dried the sweat on her hands with a fan.
A．②③④ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．①②③
23．What is the advantage of the biofuel cell
A．It can influence the temperature greatly.
B．It can power a smart phone in a day.
C．It makes you comfortable when you are in pain.
D．It works for nearly 24 hours a day when you wear it.
24．What’s the best title for the passage
A．The History of the Biofuel Cell B．A Traditional Technology—the Biofuel Cell
C．A New Technology—the Biofuel Cell D．The Inventor of the Biofuel Cell
【答案】20．C 21．A 22．D 23．D 24．C
【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了新科技生物燃料电池。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“When you stick the biofuel cell to your finger, it takes in sweat.”可知，当你把生物燃料电池粘在手指上时，它会吸收汗液；根据“Besides using the sweat, the device also produces small amounts of energy when it is pressed”可知，除了使用汗液，该设备在按压时也会产生少量能量。由此推知生物燃料电池可以利用汗水，故选C。
21．词义猜测题。根据“choose fingertips as the source of sweat”和“but in fact, they are the sweatiest part of the body.”可知，人们普遍认为指尖的汗水比较少，所以利用指尖的汗水作为来源对人们来说是很奇怪的，故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段“so daily activities like typing, texting, or playing the piano are all good ways to generate electricity”可知，打字、发短信或弹钢琴等日常活动都是发电的好方法；根据“even if you are sleeping or sitting completely quietly.”可知，即使你在睡觉或坐着时完全僵硬，也能通过指尖的汗水产生电力。由此推断，人们日常睡觉（对应①）、发信息（对应②）还有运动（对应③）都会让生物燃料电池运转，故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“You can comfortably wear it for a long period of time”可知，当你戴着它的时候，它几乎一天24小时都在工作。故选D。
24．最佳标题题。根据本文介绍了一种新型的生物燃料电池。所以最好的标题是“一种新技术——生物燃料电池”。故选C。
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）
Whenever we hear the name Leonardo da Vinci, most of us probably think of his famous paintings the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. But do you know that he also did well in many other areas outside of art
Leonardo da Vinci was considered to be one of the most talented and the cleverest people of all time. He left behind many notebooks full of creative ideas and inventions. They were also full of different subjects that he was studying. He spelt words backwards（朝反方向）and revered（使……反转）each letter. So his notes could only be read through the use of a mirror. This “mirror writing” might have helped protect his ideas from getting stolen by others.
In his notebooks, there were designs for flying machines. It wasn’t until about 400 years later that people learned how to use machines to fly. Leonardo da Vinci drew pictures and designs of war machines, musical instruments and many other things as well.
Besides, he was also interested in the human body. He studied the human body a lot. He described different parts of the body in his notebooks. One of his most famous drawings, the Vitruvian Man, imagines a man with perfect proportions（比例）. Leonardo da Vinci also studied the bodies of horses, cows, frogs, monkeys and other animals.
Leonardo da Vinci believed that science and art were closely connected. In his opinion, the study of science and nature helped shape his work as an artist. Do you agree with him
25．Which design of the following didn’t Leonardo da Vinci draw according to the passage
A．War machines. B．Flying machines. C．Reversing mirrors. D．Musical instruments.
26．The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks B．Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings
C．Leonardo da Vinci5s ideas D．Leonardo da Vinci’s designs
27．Which of the following was Leonardo da Vinci’s idea
A．Science and his artworks weren’t closely connected.
B．Learning science helped him make better works of art.
C．All artists should learn to make scientific inventions.
D．The study of nature couldn’t improve his work as an artist.
28．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
29．What’s the main purpose of the passage
A．To let us know more about the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
B．To show us some of Leonardo da Vinci’s flying machines.
C．To let us know more about Leonardo da Vinci.
D．To let us help find Leonardo da Vinci’s special notebooks.
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了达·芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现。
25．细节理解题。根据“In his notebooks, there were designs for flying machines.”和“Leonardo da Vinci drew pictures and designs of war machines, musical instruments and many other things as well.”可知，达·芬奇画过飞行器、战争机器、乐器等设计。没有提到画过翻转的镜子的设计。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据“He left behind many notebooks full of creative ideas and inventions. They were also full of different subjects that he was studying.”可知，他留下了许多充满创意和发明的笔记本。它们也充满了他正在研究的不同物品。因此代词they指代“达·芬奇笔记本”。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“In his opinion, the study of science and nature helped shape his work as an artist.”可知，在他看来，对科学和自然的研究有助于他塑造艺术作品。故选B。
28．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出话题，介绍达·芬奇在艺术之外的许多其他领域也有卓越的表现；第二至四段介绍了达·芬奇留下了许多充满创意和发明的笔记本；第五段介绍达·芬奇对科学和艺术的关系的看法。因此选项B的篇章结构图符合本文内容。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据“But do you know that he also did well in many other areas outside of art ”可知，本文主要介绍了达·芬奇在艺术之外的其他领域也有卓越的表现。因此本文的写作目的是让我们更了解达·芬奇。故选C。
（2023·安徽·统考模拟预测）
①Nowadays children mostly receive hongbao online thanks to the mobile payment apps such as Alipay and WeChat, which made the central bank to create a new kind of money for online business. That’s how the digital renminbi came into being. The digital trade has increased the types of payment tools. Yet the use of the digital renminbi faces some challenges.
②First, with payment apps like Alipay and WeChat,a complete ecosystem (生态系统) has been set up for activities such as shopping, traveling, giving hongbao and making payments. So in a short time, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake it.
③Second, payments through the digital renminbi are put directly into digital accounts and trades can be completed through an electronic machine, which may cause users to worry about the safety of their money, especially when a user loses the mobile phone.
④Third, the public is not attracted (吸引) to the digital renminbi because it has no appreciation value. While people have interest in bank deposit (存款), no interest is offered on digital renminbi deposits.
⑤In fact, the first idea of the digital renminbi was to make trades easier for buyers and sellers with the help of the Internet and mobile apps. And as a tool that can meet the needs of the public in many fields, it is likely to be widely used in the future.
30．What does “it” refer to
A．The central bank. B．The safety of money.
C．The complete payment ecosystem. D．The newly-made electronic machine.
31．What does the writer think of the future of the digital renminbi
A．Worrying and doubtful. B．Impossible to get developed.
C．Challengeable but hopeful. D．Not mentioned in the passage.
32．What is the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
【答案】30．C 31．C 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字人名币所面临的挑战。
30．词句猜测题。根据“a complete ecosystem (生态系统) has been set up for activities such as shopping, traveling, giving hongbao and making payments. So in a short time, the “digital renminbi wallet” can hardly shake it.”可知，这里指一个完整的生态系统已经为购物、旅游、发红包和支付等活动建立起来。所以短时间内，“数字人民币钱包”很难撼动它，因此it指代上文的“完整的生态系统”。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据“Yet the use of the digital renminbi faces some challenges.”和“And as a tool that can meet the needs of the public in many fields, it is likely to be widely used in the future.”可知，作者认为数字人名币既面临着一些挑战，但仍然未来可期。故选C。
32．篇章结构题。根据“Yet the use of the digital renminbi faces some challenges.”可知，文章第一段点题；根据“First...”、“Second...”以及“Third...”可知，第二、三、四段分别描述数字人名币面临的挑战；最后一段根据“In fact,...it is likely to be widely used in the future.”可知，是对整篇文章进行总结，因此整个文章的结构为“总分总”。故选B。
（2023·安徽·统考模拟预测）
More young Chinese people like products with Chinese traditional elements (元素).
Every month，Zhang Lingling holds a party with her friends. They wear hanfu and sing songs with music from traditional instruments. In addition, the 23-year-old girl developed a mobile game that features (以……为特) a martial arts (武术) world full of traditional cultures.
________ A report by Chinese short-video platform Bilibili in February shows that over 177 million of the users loved videos featuring traditional culture. Looking for the reason behind it，Ji Fangfang, a professor with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said: “They want to tell the world who they are and to express their specialties.”
While some prefer carrying on traditional Chinese culture, others are mixing it with modern things. Pop culture designer Yu Yang is one of them. When he made products featuring the ancient God of Fortune, the god wore fashionable Chinese shoes and a cap, and had a microphone in his hand. “Pop culture is a common language. I hope more people will accept and love my work and know Chinese culture through my art pieces,” he said in an interview with China Daily.
33．What are the activities Zhang Lingling do at the party with her friends
A．They wear hanfu and sing songs. B．They play martial arts.
C．They watch short-videos from Bilibili. D．They play a mobile game together.
34．Which of the following sentence can be put in _______
A．Hanfu is a kind of dress worn by ancient Han people.
B．She always loses herself in singing those ancient poems.
C．Like Zhang, there are many young