Unit 1 Knowing me， knowing you
一、阅读理解
A
[2024湖南名校大联考]For 85 years， the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked an original group of 724 men and more than 1，300 of their male and female descendants （后代） over three generations， asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy.
Through all the years of studying these lives， one crucial factor stands out for the consistency and power of its bond to physical health， mental health and longevity： good relationships.
In 2008， researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights. Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of questions about their days.
On days when these men and women spent more time in the company of others， they were happier. Like most older people， those in the Harvard Study experienced day-to-day rises and falls in their levels of physical pain and health difficulties. But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned （缓和对……的冲击） somewhat from these ups and downs of mood — their happiness did not decline as much on the days when they had more pain. Simply put， their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect.
Elizabeth Gillespie， a therapist of couples， stated that although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard， and at times， impossible， it is essential to our well-being.
Today we live in much more complicated environments， so meeting our social needs presents different challenges. We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to， because it is hidden by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands.
本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对哈佛大学成人发展研究的项目的阐述说明了良好的社交关系对幸福至关重要。
1.What’s the purpose of the Harvard Study of Adult Development？
A. To study their lives over three generations.
B. To reveal the secret to health and well-being.
C. To track the descendants of an original group.
D. To study the relationship between health and happiness.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，哈佛大学成人发展研究的目的是揭示健康和幸福的秘密，故选 B。
2.How did the researchers carry out the study？
A. By working with other researchers.
B. By tracking specific groups of people.
C. By helping participants with social difficulties.
D. By comparing the results from different people.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段"In 2008，researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for eight nights. Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of questions about their days"可知，研究者通过追踪特定群体来实施研究，故选 B。
3.Why did the author mention the examples in Paragraph 4？
A. To provide evidence for the bond between health and longevity.
B. To introduce the concept of physical pain and health difficulties.
C. To show the negative impact of unhappy marriages on older people’s mood.
D. To support the positive impact of satisfying relationships on people’s lives.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第四段中的"But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned （缓和对……的冲击） somewhat from these ups and downs of mood — their happiness did not decline as much on the days when they had more pain. Simply put， their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect"可知，通过具体的例子，读者可以更加直观地理解研究结果，更容易接受结论，即令人满意的关系对人们的生活有积极影响，故选D。
4.According to Elizabeth Gillespie， what is essential to our well-being？
A. Having good social connections.
B. Declining pains and difficulties.
C. Overcoming ups and downs of mood.
D. Experiencing rises and falls of physical health.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第五段中的"... although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard， and at times， impossible， it is essential to our well-being"可知，Elizabeth Gillespie 认为拥有好的社交关系对幸福至关重要，故选 A。
B
[2023江苏四市一模]Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意识地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon （变色龙） effect at play.
The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation （模仿） of another person’s gestures or behavior. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours， people acquire the behavior of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an experimenter. During the test，Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before， like moving the foot and touching the face. The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％ and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter. The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts. The second stage involved half of the participants being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter. The results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher. It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them. These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of connection.
The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are positive. However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme， they can lose their sense of self. Those who change their entire personalities in different groups often go undetected. But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice. Next time you are in a social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的研究。该研究表明人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。
1.Why do people acquire others’ behavior？
A. To match the environment’s colour.
B. To attract others’ attention.
C. To establish a connection with others.
D. To adapt to the surroundings.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段"The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation （模仿） of another person’s gestures or behavior. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours， people acquire the behavior of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth"可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的行为，故选C。
2.How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious behaviors？
A. By directing their attention to a photo.
B. By keeping an eye on their actions.
C. By telling them the purpose of the study.
D. By evaluating the impacts of imitation.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第四段中的"In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％ and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter. The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts"可知，实验者用一张照片吸引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为，故选A。
3.What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？
A. People tend to like those who imitate their behavior.
B. Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial.
C. People imitating others are not easy to be detected.
D. The copied movements help people to feel relaxed.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第四段中的"It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them. These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of connection"可知，实验表明人们倾向于喜欢模仿自己行为的人，故选A。
4.Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the passage？
A. Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class.
B. People change their habits to please others on purpose.
C. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
D. A husband and his wife share similar behaviours over time.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第二段"The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation （模仿） of another person’s gestures or behaviour. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth"可知，随着时间的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行为是变色龙行为，因为他们在一起相处时会无意识地互相模仿，故选D。
二、七选五
[2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]Have you ever struggled to understand how someone else feels？ Building up your empathy（同理心）skills helps you connect with your friends. 1
What is empathy？
Empathy is a kind of capability that lets you be in someone else’s shoes and then figure out how they are feeling. For instance， if you can see your friend is upset after losing a football match and you support them by telling them some warm and motivating words， you are showing empathy. Miranda McKearney set up an organization called EmpathyLab that builds empathy through reading. 2 "Empathy is a force for change，" she says.
3
Scientists say empathy isn’t something you are born with， but a skill you can acquire through learning. One way you can do this is by active listening. When someone is talking to you， listen closely and respond in a way that shows you understand their situations and emotions thoroughly. Reading， advocated by EmpathyLab， is also a great way to boost empathy， since stories can take you inside someone else’s mind and show you the world through their eyes and emotions.
Put empathy into action.
4 This could mean trying out something that is important to a friend or family member， like exploring their favourite place. EmpathyLab advocated ideas for putting empathy into action in schools or at home. That might be connecting with someone new in your class and having a friendly conversation， or making small changes to your behavior. All small acts of kindness to others can make a difference， which in turn will be copied by someone else. 5
A. How can you have more empathy？
B. Who needs empathy most in daily life？
C. Besides， it also spreads kindness and inspires them to do the same.
D. To find out more conduct you can do， log in EmpathyLab. .
E. Only by putting empathy into action can you relate to others’ bad lives.
F. She believes even small， supportive actions can have a positive impact.
G. Miranda recommends going into the thick of people’s lives to show empathy.
本文主要介绍了什么是同理心、如何培养同理心以及如何将同理心付诸实践。
【词语积累】 be in sb.’s shoes设身处地
thoroughly adv.完全，彻底
advocate v.拥护，支持，提倡 boost v.使增长，推动
1.C 空前一句指出了培养同理心的一个好处：可以帮助你与朋友建立良好关系。C项（此外，它还能传播善良，并激励他们也这样做）指出了培养同理心的另一个好处，与上句衔接自然。C项中的it指代上文中的"Building up your empathy（同理心） skills"，而them指代上文中的"your friends"。
2.F 空前句子中的reading属于F项中的"small，supportive actions"，且空前句子、F项、空后的句子均与Miranda McKearney密切相关，故F项符合语境。
3.A "a skill you can acquire through learning"表明同理心是可以通过后天习得的，下文又提到了聆听和阅读两种增强同理心的方法，由此可见，与空格紧密相关的段落主要回答了"如何拥有更多的同理心"这一问题，故A项适合做主旨句。
4.G 主旨句说的是"将同理心付诸实践"。而G项所说的"走进人们最繁忙的生活中去展现同理心"便是将同理心付诸实践的一个方法。
5.D D项与"EmpathyLab advocated ideas for putting empathy into action in schools or at home"相吻合。
三、完形填空
[2023南京六校调研]How long have you been going to the same hairdresser？ It’s a question that gets us thinking about the unique friendships we 1 with our stylists over the years.
You have confidence in each other. You have a laugh together and regularly 2 each other’s news. And they try to make you look and feel your best. That’s a（n） 3 not only for a good friendship， but also for the perfect relationship with your hairdresser. When you find a good hairdresser， it’s something to 4 .
Many people have 5 experiences with their hairdressers. I’ve had my hair cut by Claire Miller for more than 15 years. She’s taken me through all kinds of 6 ， and she’s helped me find a totally new look now during the post-chemotherapy （化疗后） period with dyed blonde hair！ 7 hairstyles， there have been communications about the joys and trials of motherhood， the challenges of health problems and the 8 in our careers and lives — the stuff of 15 years that we have 9 in the three salons Claire has worked in.
While she cut my hair recently， we chatted about that special 10 that form between hairdressers and their clients."You hear so many stories from them， and sometimes you feel like a counselor 11 a hairdresser. You assess their needs， and you know how to react to them，"says Claire.
For Claire， the customer interaction is something she loves about the job and that she has 12 developed throughout her working life."It’s about being human and 13 about people. A lot of my clients are my friends and like family now. It’s my 14 to cut their hair， making them look and feel good， but I also want them to feel 15 by the experience，" laughs Claire.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了理发师与客人之间的联系。Clarie热爱理发工作，她认为与客人的联系基于日常工作的点滴，并且理发师要关心客人才能建立起联系。
1.A. break B. promote
C. form D. collect
解析 C break打破； promote促进，晋升；form形成，建立；collect收集。句意：这是个让我们想起多年来我们与造型师之间建立的独特友谊的问题。C项符合语境。
2.A. catch up on B. make up for
C. put up with D. end up with
解析 A catch up on了解，跟进； make up for弥补；put up with忍受；end up with以……告终。句意：你们一起大笑，经常了解彼此的消息。A项符合语境。
3.A. request B. escape
C. occasion D. recipe
解析 D request要求，escape逃脱，occasion场合，recipe秘诀。句意：那不仅是一段良好友情的秘诀，也是你和你的理发师保持完美关系的秘诀。D项切题。
4.A. resolve B. remember
C. cherish D. evaluate
解析 C resolve解决，remember记住， cherish珍惜，evaluate评估。句意：当你找到一个好理发师，这是值得珍惜的。C项切题。
5.A. nervous B. unforgettable
C. imaginable D. inseparable
解析 B nervous紧张的，unforgettable无法忘记的，imaginable可想象的，inseparable不可分离的。句意：许多人和理发师都有难忘的经历。B项切题。
6.A. shapes B. models
C. styles D. sorts
解析 C 此处应用style来表示"发型，样式"。shape形状，model模型，sort种类。
7.A. Besides B. Despite
C. Given D. After
解析 A 由"there have been communications about the joys and trials of motherhood， the challenges of health problems and the 8 in our careers and lives"可知，除了发型之外，作者和其理发师还聊其他话题，故选A。
8.A. injuries B. experiments
C. reports D. changes
解析 D 此处说的是"我们职业和生活中的变化（changes）"。 injury伤害，experiment实验，report报告。
9.A. brought B. shared
C. observed D. emphasized
解析 B 此处说的是"15年中我们在Clarie工作的3个发廊中分享（shared）的东西"，故选B。
10.A. links B. roles
C. habits D. patterns
解析 A 这里指理发师与客人们建立的一种人与人之间的联系，故选A。link联系，role角色，habit习惯，pattern模式。
11.A. other than B. rather than
C. less than D. more than
解析 B other than除了；rather than而不是，less than少于； more than不仅仅，多于。句意：你从他们那里听到了很多故事，有时你觉得自己像个咨询师，而不是理发师。B项切题。
12.A. eventually B. gradually
C. immediately D. frequently
解析 B Clarie与顾客之间的联系是在工作中渐渐建立的，故选B。eventually最终，gradually渐渐地，immediately立刻，frequently经常。
13.A. caring B. hanging
C. worrying D. talking
解析 A 此处想表达的是"关心人"，故选A。care about关心，hang about闲逛， worry about担心，talk about谈论。
14.A. desire B. ambition
C. hobby D. job
解析 D 此处说的是"给他们理发是我的本职工作"，故选D。desire欲望，ambition雄心，hobby爱好，job职业。
15.A. protected B. struck
C. uplifted D. persuaded
解析 C 此处说的是"可我也想让客人在理发过程中振奋起来"，故选C。protect保护；strike碰撞，uplift使振奋，persuade说服。Unit 5 What an adventure
一、阅读理解
A
[2024河南安阳一中阶段练习] Dr. Joseph Dituri， also known as "Dr. Deep Sea"， has just finished an amazing adventure. For 100 days， the University of South Florida teacher lived in a small room underwater. He set a new world record， beating the old record of 73 days.
On March 1， Dr. Dituri， who’s 55， began the project. His goal was to stay for 100 days at a special underwater hotel called Jules’s Undersea Lodge. The hotel is 22 feet under the ocean surface in a protected area in Key Largo. The farther you go below the ocean’s surface， the greater the pressure will be. Dr. Dituri wanted to learn how this pressure would affect the human body over time. In his undersea room， Dr. Dituri was living with pressure that was about 66％greater than the pressure on the surface.
While he was living underwater， Dr. Dituri often exercised in the morning. He kept teaching his college classes， and he had online chats with over 5， 500 students from 15 different countries. Dr. Dituri worked with other experts to figure out ways to protect and take care of the ocean. A number of tourists dove down to spend a little time with Dr. Dituri. He was also regularly checked out by a medical team.
Last Friday， June 9， Dr. Dituri returned to the surface， where he was finally able to see the sun again. Many friends， family， and supporters were there to greet him and celebrate his success.
Dr. Dituri was smiting when he came back up. Doctors quickly checked him out to make sure he was in good health. Actually， Dr. Dituri went through several big changes. For one thing， he was able to sleep much better. His health greatly improved in a couple of other ways.
为了探索高压环境对人体的影响，55岁的Dr. Dituri在水下22英尺深处的特制房间里成功生活了100天，打破了之前的世界纪录。
1.Why did Dr. Dituri live underwater for 100 days？
A. To get rid of air pollution.
B. To explore the ocean life.
C. To carry out an experiment.
D. To advocate a special hotel.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Dr. Joseph Dituri， also known as ‘Dr. Deep Sea’， has just finished an amazing adventure. For 100 days， the University of South Florida teacher lived in a small room underwater"及第二段中的"Dr. Dituri wanted to learn how this pressure would affect the human body over time"可知，Dr. Dituri在水下生活l00天是为了开展一项实验，故选C。
2.What can we learn about Dr. Dituri when he stayed underwater？
A. He led a busy life.
B. He lived with his students.
C. He seldom exercised.
D. He returned to the surface daily.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第三段中的"While he was living underwater， Dr. Dituri often exercised in the morning. He kept teaching his college classes， and he had online chats with over 5，500 students from 15 different countries. Dr. Dituri worked with other experts"可推知，Dr. Dituri的水下生活很忙碌，故选A。
3.How did the project affect Dr. Dituri？
A. He became warm-hearted.
B. He opened his own hotel.
C. He acquired a new language.
D. He improved his fitness.
解析 D 细节理解题，由最后一段中的"For one thing， he was able to sleep much better. His health greatly improved in a couple of other ways"可知，在水下生活100天后，Dr. Dituri的健康状况有了明显改善，故选D。
4.What is the text？
A. A diary entry. B. A news report.
C. A course plan. D. A research paper.
解析 B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段交代了人物、事件等重要信息，同时也揭示了文章的主要内容。再结合文章的行文特点、结构特征等，不难推知，本文是一则新闻报道，故选B。
B
[2024广东揭阳高三阶段练习] Karen Darke was paralyzed （瘫痪的） from the chest down in a climbing accident about 30 years ago， but it hasn’t stopped her from continuing her life as an extreme adventurer.
Darke was 21 when she fell 10 meters off a sea cliff （悬崖） while climbing in Scotland. She woke up three days later and was told she was paralyzed from the chest down. She’s been in a wheelchair ever since.
She had a really hard time. However， what opened her eyes was seeing other patients around her with even less muscle function， and the news of a close friend dying while climbing， only a few months after her own accident. "It just kind of made me realize that I was still here， and I had to make the most of the situation，" she says.
Her first adventure after her accident was a handbike ride along the Silk Route from Kazakhstan to Pakistan in the Himalayas in 1996， which she still thinks is her most significant one so far. Other adventures followed， including more Himalayan rides， sit-skiing across Greenland in 2007 and climbing the 3，000-foot cliff El Capitan in Yosemite in 2008.
Darke joined the British Para-cycling team in 2010 and won silver at the London Paralympics two years later. At the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games， she won the gold medal for hand cycling. But the real prize， she says， was the "inner gold" — "a discovery of what is possible when the power of thought， clear intention and good people come together".
Her latest adventure is Quest 79， a project to undertake a total of nine handbike rides on seven continents while raising money for charity and encouraging others to take on their own challenges. Darke believes the biggest barrier to living and achieving our dreams isn’t our bodies， but our minds. "Even if in our darkest days when we think we can’t do it anymore， anything is possible."
文章讲述了2016年里约残奥会手摇自行车金牌获得者Karen Darke的故事。
1.What did Darke face at the age of 21？
A. The failure at the London Paralympics.
B. The separation from her friends.
C. A terrible traffic accident.
D. A physical disability.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段"Darke was 21 when she fell 10 meters off a sea cliff （悬崖） while climbing in Scotland. She woke up three days later and was told she was paralyzed from the chest down. She’s been in a wheelchair ever since"可知，本题选D。
2.Which adventure meant the most to Darke？
A. The handbike ride along the Silk Route.
B. Nine handbike rides on seven continents.
C. Climbing the cliff El Capitan.
D. Sit-skiing across Greenland.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第四段中的"Her first adventure after her accident was a handbike ride along the Silk Route from Kazakhstan to Pakistan in the Himalayas in 1996， which she still thinks is her most significant one so far"可知，本题选A。
3.Which of the following agrees with Darke’s "inner gold"？
A. Behind bad luck comes good luck.
B. Where there is a will， there is a way.
C. He that travels far knows much.
D. Life is not all roses.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第五段中的"But the real prize， she says， was the ‘inner gold’—‘a discovery of what is possible when the power of thought， clear intention and good people come together’"可推知，Darke可能会赞同"有志者事竟成"，故选B。
4.Which words can best describe Darke？
A. Imaginative and talkative.
B. Traditional and generous.
C. Positive and courageous.
D. Wise and scholarly.
解析 C 推理判断题。由全文对Karen Darke事迹的描述可知，Darke瘫痪后并未自暴自弃，向命运屈服。相反，她不断挑战，完成了一系列探险和运动壮举。由此可推知，Darke是一个积极乐观、充满勇气的人，故选C。
二、完形填空
[2024南京六校调研]Now Merda spent another couple of hours wandering among the endless orange trees. No 1 of civilization. Soon he found himself in swamp （沼泽） water.
He labored for hours as the sun 2 . Tall， thick grasses and thorns blocked his way； mud and water 3 his boots. He tried to navigate by the sun but kept losing it. Each time he picked out a 4 or chose a beeline course， he became 5 lost again after just a few minutes.
Darkness was falling when at last he re-emerged onto the shore of the lake. The water was surprisingly cold， especially as it deepened. Merda started out for the opposite 6 ， drinking lake water to ease his awful thirst. He swam on， but some strange 7 prevented his progress. He was a good swimmer， yet he 8 kept diverging （偏离） from his goal. It was maddening， but he 9 to give in to emotion. The sun disappeared and the stars came out， and still he struggled. And that was 10 he saw an alligator （短吻鳄）.
Before he could take a stroke， and before he could 11 out a scream， the creature struck like a snake. It sank its teeth into Merda’s forearm， and 12 him underwater.
Merda went into the 13 mode. He threw his other arm around the alligator’s middle， grabbing at its belly. Merda resurfaced， 14 for air， but just as quickly the alligator yanked （猛拉） him under again. Merda felt the flesh of his arm 15 away as the arm was cut off. The creature disappeared into the darkness， carrying Merda’s forearm with it.
No pain yet， only terror. Then he realized he was the only one who could get himself out of this. He positioned himself up against the trunk of a tree and waited for dawn.
Merda在橘子林里徘徊了几个小时，之后他发现自己进入了一片沼泽地。他试图寻找方向，但失败了，夜幕也随之降临。夜里的湖水无比刺骨，就在Merda奋力游向对岸的时候，水流阻碍了他的进程。他一直挣扎，就在此时，一只短吻鳄映入眼帘。短吻鳄迅猛出击，咬住了Merda的前臂，把他拽到了水下。搏斗中，Merda的前臂被短吻鳄咬了下来，短吻鳄随之而去。Merda庆幸自己能在危情中活下来，他靠着树，静候黎明的到来。
1.A. conflict B. sign
C. identity D. guarantee
解析 B Merda在无边无际的橘子林里徘徊，看不到文明的迹象（sign）。conflict冲突，争执，争论；identity身份，本体，个性；guarantee保证，担保。
2.A. sank B. rose
C. shone D. appeared
解析 A 由下文中的"Darkness was falling"可知，太阳在下落（sank）。rise（数字、数量或价值）增加，提高，升起；shine发光，照耀，照射；appear出现。
3.A. surrounded B. filled
C. wrapped D. packed
解析 B 由上文中的"found himself in swamp（沼泽） water"可知，Merda在沼泽里，泥水灌满（filled）了他的靴子。surround围绕，环绕；wrap包，裹，包装；pack（把……）打包，收拾（行李），包装。
4.A. signal B. shape
C. landscape D. landmark
解析 D 由上文中的"He tried to navigate by the sun"可知，Merda试图确定方向，故此处讲的是Merda找出地标（landmark）或者选择直线路线。signal信号，暗号，标志；shape形状，外形，形态；landscape（陆上的）风景，景色。
5.A. hopelessly B. tirelessly
C. effortlessly D. carelessly
解析 A 由上文中的"but kept losing it"和空格所在句中的"lost again after just a few minutes"可知，hopelessly（绝望地）符合语境。tirelessly不知疲倦地，effortlessly毫不费力地，carelessly粗心地。
6.A. river B. bank
C. port D. coast
解析 B Merda出发了，向对岸（bank）游去。
7.A. plant B. animal
C. fish D. current
解析 D 结合语境和常识可知，导致Merda偏离方向的应该是水流。current在此处意为"水流"。
8.A. somehow B. somewhat
C. somewhere D. sometimes
解析 A 虽然Merda游泳游得好，但不知为何（somehow）他不断偏离目标。somewhat有点，有几分，稍微；somewhere在某处，到某处；sometimes有时。
9.A. prepared B. refused
C. regretted D. promised
解析 B 虽然这令人抓狂，但Merda拒绝（refused）向情绪屈服。
10.A. how B. where
C. when D. why
解析 C when在此引导表语从句，表示"在那时，其时"。
11.A. carry B. try
C. let D. give
解析 C 结合常识可知，遇到危险的时候，人会发出尖叫。let out意为"发出（叫声等）"。
12.A. dragged B. pushed
C. knocked D. swallowed
解析 A 由下文中的"just as quickly the alligator yanked（猛拉） him under again"可知，短吻鳄咬住了Merda的前臂，把他拽（dragged）到了水下。
13.A. rest B. panic
C. defense D. fight
解析 D 由下文中的"He threw his other arm around the alligator’s middle， grabbing at its belly"可知，Merda进入了战斗（fight）模式。
14.A. passionate B. frustrated
C. terrified D. desperate
解析 D 此处表示"他非常需要（desperate）空气"。passionate热诚的，狂热的；frustrated懊恼，沮丧，失望的；terrified非常害怕的，极度惊恐的。
15.A. torn B. washed
C. put D. driven
解析 A 由空后的"as the arm was cut off"可知，Merda的前臂被咬掉了，他觉得自己胳膊上的肉被撕裂了，故选A。
三、语法填空
Caving is the sport of walking and climbing through caves under the ground. It is 1 （true） an adventure sport that takes you to another world. But it’s also quite a well-kept secret， enjoyed by a relatively small group of devoted 2 （follower）. Caving calls for a range of skills. That’s 3 it involves climbing， squeezing and squirming （扭动） your way into openings in the Earth’s rocks 4 （discover） the many interesting， sometimes very large and beautiful caves.
Despite its rather dangerous image largely5 （acquire） from television programmes， the sport has an excellent safety record， so long as you go with a qualified 6 （instruct） or caving club. Wearing both a helmet （头盔） and waterproof clothing， you 7 （equip） to explore a hidden world of stalagmites and stalactites （石笋和石钟乳）， although you may have to not only walk through fast-flowing underground rivers 8 negotiate thunderous waterfalls in order to reach the most 9 （impress） spots. The challenge of having an exploration 10 darkness can be terrifying， so it is wise to choose your location carefully.
本文是说明文。文章介绍了洞穴探险这项运动。
【词语积累】 well-kept adj. 严守的，仅少数人知道的
waterproof adj. 不透水的，防水的，耐水的
terrifying adj. 令人心惊胆战的﹐令人毛骨悚然的
【熟词生义】 negotiate常用义：v. 谈判 文中义：v. 通过，越过（险要路段）
1.truly 考查副词。空处所填词在句中作状语，修饰谓语，应用副词，故填truly。
2.followers 考查名词的数。follower表示"爱好者"，是可数名词；再结合空前的"a relatively small group of"可知，此处表示不止一个爱好者，应用复数形式，故填followers。
3.because 考查表语从句。由语境可知，此处介绍洞穴探险运动需要一系列技巧的原因，故应用because引导表语从句。
4.todiscover 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在此作目的状语，且此处表示主动关系，故填to discover。
5.acquired 考查非谓语动词。 （acquire）from television programmes作后置定语，修饰image。acquire 与image之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语所表示的动作已完成，故填过去分词acquired。
6.instructor 考查名词。此处表示有资格的教练，且表示单数意义，故填instructor。instructor表示"指导员，教练"。
7.areequipped 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；equip与you之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，故填are equipped。
8.but 考查并列连词。你可能必须要穿过湍急的地下河流并越过发出雷鸣般响声的瀑布才能到达最令人印象深刻的地点。not only... but （also）...表示"不仅……而且……"，是固定搭配，故填but。
9.impressive 考查形容词。空处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词spots，故填形容词impressive。
10.in 考查介词。in darkness表示"在黑暗中"，为固定搭配，故填in。Unit 3 The world of science
一、阅读理解
A
Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area’s environmental health. They’re measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. "We are counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony（聚居地）， producing young animals every year， and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions，" said Alex Borowicz， an ecology researcher at New York’s Stony Brook University.
The work is not easy for climate researchers in the icy， faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals — they nest on land. And their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background.
Michael Wethington， another researcher from Stony Brook， told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the area’s whole ecosystem.
The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
Gentoo penguins prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century， gentoo populations moved south. "Gentoo penguins don’t like sea ice，" David Ainley， a biologist who has been studying penguins for more than 50 years， told Reuters. "They mostly search for food over the continental shelf（大陆架） and don’t go far out to sea."
As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adélie penguin species. This is because they depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction（繁殖）. "When we find Adélie penguins， we typically know sea ice is nearby，" Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing， they also see Adélie penguin populations drop sharply.
气候变化一直以来都是人们普遍关注的问题。科学家从未放松对气候变化的研究。一些科学家通过对南极洲企鹅进行观察来研究南极洲的气候变化。
1. Why did the researchers choose penguins as their research subject？
A. Because their colony is in good condition.
B. Because Antarctica has a large population of penguins.
C. Because they are easier to follow and identified than other animals.
D. Because their number changes sharply with the environmental conditions.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals — they nest on land. And their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background"可知，研究人员之所以选择企鹅是因为它们更易于跟踪和辨认，故本题选C项。
2. What does the underlined word "picture" in Para. 4 probably mean？
A. Photo. B. Future.
C. Prediction. D. Situation.
解析 D 词义猜测题。结合关键性信息counts of individual penguins，data from satellite images，the animals are progressing以及常识我们不难推知，研究人员通过不同手段收集有关企鹅的各种信息，无非是想对企鹅这一动物族群的"发展状况"有一个更为全面的了解，那么picture在意义上与situation最为接近，故本题选D项。
3.What can we infer about Adélie penguins from the last paragraph？
A. They feed on ice and bring up their babies on ice too.
B. They compete for food and space with gentoo penguins.
C. They are responsible for the decrease or disappearance of ice.
D. They won’t live in the west of the Antarctic Peninsula in great numbers.
解析 D 推理判断题。由"This is because they depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction（繁殖）"可知，Adélie penguins对海冰依赖性很强。再由"As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adélie penguin species"可知，南极半岛西侧海冰数量减少，那里的环境条件自然不会适合Adélie penguins大量生存繁衍。综上可知，本题选D项。
4. Which is the best title for this text？
A. Climate Change Has Put Penguins in Danger
B. Scientists Use Penguins to Study Antarctic Climate Change
C. The Present Living Conditions for Penguins in Antarctica
D. Sea Ice Has Different Influences on Gentoo Penguins and Adélie Penguins
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文我们不难发现，文章首句是整篇文章的主题句，指明了文章的主要内容：科学家借助企鹅来研究南极洲的气候变化，故B项做文章的标题最佳。
B
[科技创新/2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]Personalized medicine changes conventional medicine， which typically offers blanket recommendations and offers treatments designed to help more people than they harm but that might not work for you. The approach recognizes we each possess unique characteristics， and that they have an outsize impact on our health.
Around the world， researchers are creating precision tools unimaginable just a decade ago： superfast DNA sequencing（测序）， tissue engineering， cell reprogramming， gene editing， and more. The science and technology soon will make it possible to predict your risk of cancer， heart disease， and countless other illnesses years before you get sick. The work also offers prospects for changing genes in removing some diseases.
Last spring， researchers at the National Cancer Institute reported the dramatic recovery of a woman with breast cancer， Judy Perkins. The team， led by Steven Rosenberg， an immune（免疫的） treatment pioneer， had sequenced her cancer cells’ DNA to analyze the changes in the genetic structure. The team also extracted a sampling of immune cells and tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells’ genetic faults. The scientists reproduced the winning immune cells by the billions and put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells. More than two years later， Perkins， a retired engineer from Florida， shows no signs of cancer.
Thirty years ago， scientists thought that it would be impossible to understand our genetic rules and sequence the 3.2 billion pairs of different elements in our DNA. "It was like you were talking fairy tales，" RazelleKurzrock said. "The conventional wisdom was that it would never happen. Never！ And then in 2003， never was over."
It took the Human Genome Project 13 years， roughly one billion dollars， and scientists from six countries to sequence one gene genome. Today sequencing costs about a thousand dollars. The latest machines can produce the results in a day. The technology， combined with advanced cell analysis， clarifies the astonishing biochemical variations that make every human body unique.
个性化医疗正在改变常规医疗，基因测序技术的应用便是其具体表现。
【词语积累】 personalized adj.为某人特制（或特设）的
prospect n.可能性，希望；预期，展望；前景
sampling n.抽样，取样
【熟词生义】 blanket常用义：n.毯子；毛毯 文中义：adj.包括所有情形（或人员）的，总括的，综合的
1. What can we know about personalized medicine？
A. It has emerged a decade before.
B. It offers blanket recommendations.
C. It uses genetic information to help patients.
D. It administers treatment intended for most people.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第三段的例子可知，个性化医疗利用基因信息帮助病人，故选C项。
2.Which best describes those precision tools？
A. Promising. B. Highly risky.
C. Fruitless. D. Strictly confidential.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段中的"The science and technology soon...in removing some diseases"可推知，精密工具很有前景，故选A项。
3.What happened in the process of treating Judy Perkins’ breast cancer？
A. Sequencing her immune cells.
B. Reprogramming her cancer cells.
C. Analysis of her lifestyle changes.
D. Identification of cancer-fighting cells.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第三段中的"The team also...tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells’ genetic faults...put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells"可知，研究人员确认了抗癌细胞，故选D项。
4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about sequencing？
A. Its recent advances.
B. Its wide applications.
C. Its major disadvantages.
D. Its attractive prospects.
解析 A 段落大意题。由最后一段中今昔情况的对比可以看出，本段主要讲了基因测序的最新进展，故选A项。
二、完形填空
[2024河北沧州质量检测]Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventurers in 1912. His travels on the frozen continent brought him worldwide 1 . In December of that year， Mawson and two other 2 left the main base at Commonwealth Bay， 3 a 300-mile exploration into the central part of the continent to gather scientific data and samples. 4 followed.
One of the men， a young British soldier named Belgrave Ninnis， 5 down an open crack on a sledge， along with several of their best dogs and many of the team’s supplies， dead. For several weeks， the two others， 6 with scurvy（坏血病） and other 7 ， struggled to return to camp， keeping living first on the 8 dogs， then on starvation food. 9 ， Xavier Mertz， a Swiss mountaineer and skiing champion， died from exhaustion， starvation and possible poisonousness from eating dogs’ livers.
10 to return with the research data， Mawson 11 the elements for 30 days. Finally he returned to the 12 in February of 1913， extremely thin， frostbitten and exhausted — only to 13 he had missed the ship rescuing the rest of the 14 by hours. Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist， he was knighted（封爵） in 1914. In addition to his other 15 ， Mawson edited and contributed to the 22-volume ReportsofAustralasianAntarcticExpeditions.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mawson和另外两名探险者进行南极大陆中部探险时遇险，Mawson挣扎着生存下来，并将研究数据成功带回的故事。
1.A. praise B. trust
C. worry D. criticism
解析 A 由"Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist， he was knighted （封爵） in 1914"可知，Mawson的探险受到了世界的赞誉，故选A。
2. A. celebrities B. explorers
C. athletes D. astronomers
解析 B 由"Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventures in 1912"可知，本题选B。
3. A. putting off B. showing off
C. kicking off D. letting off
解析 C 此处说的是开始了对南极大陆中部的探索，故选C。
4. A. Wonders B. Bonuses
C. Fortune D. Tragedy
解析 D 由"... 5 down an open crack on a sledge， along with several of their best dogs and many of the team’s supplies， dead. For several weeks， the two others， 6 with scurvy（坏血病）..."可知，开始探索之行后灾难随之而来，故选D。
5. A. took B. fell
C. looked D. wandered
解析 B Belgrave Ninnis掉进了一个裂缝中，故选B。
6. A. adjusted B. circulated
C. infected D. confused
解析 C 另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回营地，他们先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠抗饥饿的食物活着，故选C。
7. A. cures B. disabilities
C. errors D. illnesses
解析 D 参见上题解析。illness 疾病。
8.A. remaining B. wild
C. fierce D. hunting
解析 A 参见第6题解析。remaining剩下的。
9.A. Ultimately B. Nevertheless
C. Temporarily D. Meanwhile
解析 A 此处说的是"最终来自瑞士的Xavier Mertz死于疲劳、饥饿……"，故选A。
10. A. Discouraged B. Relieved
C. Determined D. Frightened
解析 C Mawson决心带着研究数据回去，故选C。
11. A. combined B. battled
C. contained D. introduced
解析 B Mawson决心带着研究数据回去，与恶劣的天气抗争了30天，故选B。
12. A. center B. normal
C. base D. campus
解析 C 最后，他在1913年2月回到基地（base）——骨瘦如柴、冻伤满布且疲惫不堪——但却发现（discover）错过了营救其他成员的船好几个小时。
13. A. predict B. discover
C. complain D. explain
解析 B 参见上题解析。
14. A. passengers B. witnesses
C. rescuers D. crew
解析 D 参见第12题解析。
15.A. achievements B. references
C. services D. subjects
解析 A 所填词指的是Mawson取得的成就，故选A。
三、语法填空
[科技创新/2023新疆乌鲁木齐一模]Over the past few years， scientists 1 （develop） a new artificial intelligence technology that can detect whether someone is lying through analyzing the muscles in his face.
Patches（贴片） placed on a person’s face detect muscle activity and then the machine learning technology is used. The machine is able 2 （calculate） whether or not the person is telling lies. 3 （invent） by Yael Hanein at Tel Aviv University in Israel， the machine showed an impressive success rate： 73 percent， implying it can catch liars with ease.
How would our facial expressions give 4 our lies？ According to researchers from the University of British Columbia， Canada， some of the muscles in our faces change "behavior" when we are lying. Liars 5 （usual） raise their eyebrows. They also blink a lot and hold 6 （they） eyes closed longer.
7 （close） the eyes is a way to buy time for the liars so that they can better perfect their stories.
Liars often blush（脸红）. Blood flows into the cheeks as they become nervous about the 8 （true） possibly being revealed.
Liars also have fake smiles.9 real smile often causes the eyes to light up or become smaller. This is because more muscles are used 10 we are happy. A fake smile is often accompanied by "dead" eyes instead.
科学家们开发了一种新的人工智能技术，可以通过分析人脸上的肌肉来判断某人是否在说谎。
1.havedeveloped 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语Over the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时；主语scientists与develop之间为主谓关系，故填have developed。
2.tocalculate 考查非谓语动词。固定短语be able to do sth.表示"能够做某事"，故填to calculate。
3.Invented 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处应填非谓语动词。动词invent与the machine之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语动作已完成，故用过去分词形式Invented。
4.away 考查固定搭配。give away表示"泄露，暴露"。
5.usually 考查副词。所填词修饰动词，故应用副词作状语，所以填usually。
6.their 考查形容词性物主代词。所填词修饰名词eyes，应用形容词性物主代词their。
7.Closing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句有系动词is，故is前的部分为主语。此处表示主动关系和一般性行为，故填Closing。
8.truth 考查名词。空处应填名词truth（事实，真相）。
9.A 考查冠词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用冠词。此处表示泛指，且real的发音以辅音音素开头，故填A。
10.when/if 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词。再结合句意可知，空处可以用when引导时间状语从句；空处也可以用if引导条件状语从句。Unit 2 Making a difference
一、阅读理解
A
A crowd cheered Kunle Adeyanju as he turned off his motorbike engine after completing a tiring 41-day trip. The 44-year-old left London on April 19 and arrived in Nigeria’s commercial hub Lagos on Sunday after travelling more than 8，000 miles across 13 countries. He started the impressive journey to raise funds for Rotary International’s fight against polio （小儿麻痹症）.
Accompanied by a dozen bikers for the last stretch of the journey from the Republic of Benin， Adeyanju was welcomed by supporters in Ikeja， in central Lagos. Adeyanju， called "Lion Heart" by fans， won popularity among the public by posting daily pictures with comments about his journey on social media. At every stop along the way， he was greeted by enthusiastic supporters.
He did face some challenges， like in Mali where one of his wheels broke."I was standing in the middle of the night， alone in a bush， not knowing what to do， without speaking the language，" he said， explaining he had to walk to the nearest village."Fortunately， the locals helped me." Not all of the challenges he faced were solved smoothly."Mauritania， a country in northwest Africa， was ‘terrible’，" he said after he got robbed of hundreds of euros."The worst experience，" he added.
The former Shell employee self-funded his trip with $20，400 in savings， hoping to raise up to $48 million for Rotary International."I have been suffering from a lack of sleep lately because I slept only three to four hours per night. But I feel proud because I finished this challenge，" Adeyanju said just after he arrived， wiping the sweat off his face. Adeyanju added that he is now planning to have a possible cycling trip to Ghana or a bike ride to Israel to help raise more funds. And he has another dream： to climb Mount Qomolangma.
本文是记叙文。为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症，Kunle Adeyanju成功完成了从伦敦到拉各斯的摩托车骑行。
【词语积累】 accompany v.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生 rob v.抢劫，掠夺，盗取 savings n.储蓄金，存款 wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉
1.Why did Adeyanju go on the 41-day trip？
A. To challenge himself.
B. To help fight polio.
C. To connect with more people.
D. To advertise Rotary International.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"He started the impressive journey to raise funds for Rotary International’s fight against polio（小儿麻痹症）"可知，Adeyanju进行为期41天的旅行是为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症，故B项正确。
2.How did Adeyanju become popular during the journey？
A. By using the title "Lion Heart".
B. By commenting on other bikers’ journeys.
C. By sharing his experiences online.
D. By showing his deep love for his hometown.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Adeyanju...won popularity among the public by posting daily pictures with comments about his journey on social media"可知，本题选C。
3.What made Adeyanju’s experience in Mauritania unpleasant？
A. His getting lost in a bush.
B. His meeting with crime.
C. His failing to understand the locals.
D. His motorbike’s breaking down.
解析 B 细节理解题。由题干中的"Mauritania"可将解题信息定位至第三段。由第三段中的"Mauritania ... was ‘terrible’"和"he got robbed of hundreds of euros"可知，B项正确。
4.Which words can best describe Adeyanju？
A. Caring and determined.
B. Reliable and enthusiastic.
C. Generous and sensitive.
D. Adventurous and confident.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症，Adeyanju进行了为期41天的骑行，由此可知，他是一个关心他人、乐于助人的人。在骑行中虽然遇到了一些困难，但他没有放弃，由此可知，他是一个意志坚定的人，故A项正确。
B
[责任担当/]In Birmingham， one school is offering its students an education that will change their lives. The unique program is called Build UP， which enables students to earn a high school diploma while working as paid apprentices （学徒） in construction work. As part of their training， they remodel old and abandoned houses in their neighborhood！
At any school， the burden on students can be heavy， but for those in low-income areas， it is much heavier."The kids that I’ve worked with during my entire career are all from disadvantaged groups with all the challenges that come with poverty，" said educator Mark Martin. So he founded Build UP in 2018 to offer students a different kind of education： real-world training.
As far as real-world issues are concerned， for low-income communities， one of the biggest needs is housing. That’s why Build UP made construction their main focus， offering a combination of regular and specialized classes. That way， instead of hearing the age-old question "When am I ever going to use this？" in a geometry class， the teachers are able to redirect their students to shop class. There， students can connect those math principles to the building of a roof.
The program hopes to draw in students who are likely to quit school by offering wages for their apprenticeships. Students receive $125 every two weeks when they start out as apprentices and can eventually work up to $200 every two weeks. Upon graduation， they have the opportunity to get an interest-free loan to purchase the remodeled homes.
So far， they have been doing a pretty amazing job. And now with the help of a loan company， the program has the opportunity to bring their model to communities everywhere！ They plan to first add similar programs in nearby neighborhoods. After that， they hope to train others to start similar schools and expand their network of partners — particularly construction companies that can offer jobs to their students.
本文是说明文。Mark Martin成立的Build UP使低收入家庭的孩子能够在接受学校常规教育的同时在建筑工程中做学徒学习改造房屋。毕业后，学生有机会获得无息贷款购买这些房屋。
【词语积累】 remodel v.改造，改建
disadvantaged adj.弱势的，社会地位低下的
shop class工艺课 draw in吸引，使参与
interest-free adj.免息的，不收取利息的
1.Why did Mark Martin found Build UP？
A. To lighten students’ academic burden.
B. To help students from tough backgrounds.
C. To reconstruct and reuse unwanted houses.
D. To popularize education in low-income areas.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段中的"The kids that I’ve worked with...poverty"和"So he founded ...offer students a different kind of education"可知，Mark Martin成立Build UP就是为了帮助来自贫困家庭的孩子，故选B。
2.What is the feature of Build UP’s classes？
A. They combine theory and practice.
B. They teach knowledge of the bank loan.
C. They center on age-old unsolved questions.
D. They explain math principles in simple words.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第三段中的"That’s why Build UP made construction their main focus，offering a combination of regular and specialized classes"和"There， students can connect those math principles to the building of a roof"可推知，Build UP的课程的特色是将理论与实践相结合，故选A。
3.What does the Build UP program expect to do？
A. Reach out to more people.
B. Offer students more job opportunities.
C. Found more similar schools themselves.
D. Get more funds from construction companies.
解析 A 细节理解题。由最后一段中的"the program has the opportunity to bring their model to communities... their students"可知，Build UP现在有机会将他们的模式带到世界各地的社区。他们计划首先在附近社区增加类似的项目。之后，他们希望培训其他人开办类似的学校，并扩大他们的合作伙伴网络——特别是可以为学生提供就业机会的建筑公司这样的合作伙伴。由此可知，Build UP希望帮助更多人，故选A。
4.Which can be the best title for the text？
A. Build UP： a breakthrough in the construction industry
B. Build UP： a makeshift solution to the housing problem
C. Build UP： changing community education for the better
D. Build UP： giving students power through home building
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是Build UP让低收入家庭的学生在接受常规教育的同时学习改造房屋等建筑方面的知识，帮助他们减轻贫困带来的负担，进而改变他们的人生，故选D。
二、完形填空
In September， a heartwarming post about a first responder was shared. It showed people how 1 emergency personnel could be. There is a common belief that they take care of the physical needs of 2 . But this post proved that they also 3 to their emotional needs. In the photo， the fireman， who was 4 as 27-year-old Ryan Benton of the Billings Fire Department， was seated at the 5 ， and he had a little girl next to him.
The girl had just 6 a car accident. Both cars were damaged while no one involved was severely harmed. Car accidents may not always leave physical scars but can 7 with people mentally. To ease the little girl’s mind， this firefighter performed a simple but meaningful act on the spot. He read a story to the girl while her parents were dealing with the accident， 8 her in her hour of need. This allowed her parents to 9 getting some sense of normality back.
Abell， Ryan Benton’s colleague， said they always 10 stuffed animals and books around， so they are 11 when dealing with unpleasant events involving kids. While the firefighter said he was 12 doing his job， the fire department was 13 of Benton and all of its other employees who serve their communities well. Abell said it showed "we are the 14 for you when your darkest moment comes". Benton’s behavior warmed the hearts of netizens， many of whom 15 Benton and expressed thanks for the work emergency personnel do for the greater good.
本文是记叙文。交通事故有时可能不会给当事人留下身体上的创伤，但却可以给当事人带来心理上的影响。一个小女孩刚刚经历了一场车祸，为了减少此事对她的心理影响，一名消防员坐在她身边，给她读故事，他的举动温暖了许多人的心。
【词语积累】 heartwarming adj. 令人欣喜的，暖人心房的
first responder第一反应人员 ease v. （使）宽慰，减轻，缓解 normality n. 常态，正常的形势
【熟词生义】 bear常用义：v. 承受，忍受n. 熊 文中义：v. 携带
1.A. flexible B. considerate
C. generous D. brave
解析 B 由下文提到的"take care of the physical needs... their emotional needs"以及Benton给小女孩读故事以减少交通事故给她带来的影响可知，本题应选B。flexible能适应新情况的，灵活的；considerate考虑周到的，体贴的，替他人着想的；generous慷慨的，大方的；brave勇敢的。
2.A. children B. patients
C. individuals D. victims
解析 D 结合关键信息emergency personnel、fireman和a car accident可知，本题应选D。victim表示"受害者"。
【名师点津】 本题不能选children。虽然下文重点介绍的是第一反应人员在小女孩经历车祸之后给她读故事，以抚慰其心灵，但这里强调的是普遍情况，所填词指的应是所有遭遇事故的人，故应用victims。
3.A. respond B. add
C. keep D. turn
解析 A 此处说的是"他们还对受害者的情感需求作出回应"，故选A。respond to对……作出反应，响应；add to使（数量）增加，使（规模）扩大；keep to遵守（或信守、履行）诺言，坚守；turn to转向，求助于。
4.A. appointed B. regarded
C. identified D. addressed
解析 C 照片中的那个人被认出是来自比林斯消防局的27岁的Ryan Benton，故选C。appoint任命，委任；identify确认，认出；address称呼（某人），冠以（某种称呼）。
5.A. hospital B. library
C. office D. roadside
解析 D 下文提到"a car accident""on the spot"，那么，Benton和小女孩在交通事故现场；再结合常识可知，他们应是坐在路边，故选D。
6.A. remembered B. dreamed
C. experienced D. avoided
解析 C 下文提到"while her parents were dealing with the accident...getting some sense of normality back"，由此可知，小女孩刚刚经历了一场交通事故，故选C。remember记起；dream梦到；experience经历；avoid避免，避开。
7.A. stick B. bond
C. rest D. tie
解析 A 结合语境和常识可知，车祸不一定会在身体上留下伤痕，但会在心里留下印记，故选A。stick with留在……的记忆里。
8.A. greeting B. convincing
C. supporting D. questioning
解析 C 此处说的是"Benton在小女孩需要帮助的时候给予她支持"，故选C。greet和（某人）打招呼；convince使相信，使信服；support支持，帮助；question询问。
9.A. focus on B. take to
C. put off D. think about
解析 A 上文提到发生车祸后，Benton陪着小女孩，并给她读故事，那么，此处表示"这使得她的父母能够专注于让自己平复一些"，故选A。focus on集中（注意力、精力等）于；take to开始沉湎于，养成……习惯；put off推迟；think about考虑。
10.A. purchase B. bear
C. collect D. search
解析 B Abell说他们总是随身携带毛绒玩具和书籍，以便他们在处理与孩子有关的不愉快事件时有所准备，故选B。purchase购买；bear携带；collect收集；search搜寻，找寻。
11.A. prepared B. qualified
C. confident D. skillful
解析 A 参见上题解析。prepared准备好的，有所准备的；qualified有资格的；confident自信的；skillful熟练的。
12.A. obviously B. hopefully
C. cautiously D. only
解析 D 由语境可知，此处表示"这位消防员说他只是做了他该做的"，故选D。obviously显然；hopefully怀有希望地；cautiously谨慎地；only仅仅，只。
13.A. proud B. fond
C. respectful D. aware
解析 A 此处想表达的是"比林斯消防局为Benton和其他为社区好好服务的员工感到骄傲"，故选A。proud自豪的，骄傲的；fond喜爱；respectful尊敬的；aware发觉，发现。
14.A. signal B. light
C. inspiration D. option
解析 B light与下文中的when your darkest moment comes相照应。signal信号；light光；inspiration鼓舞人心的人（或事物）；option选择。
15.A. followed B. applauded
C. preferred D. approached
解析 B 上文提到"warmed the hearts of netizens"，下文提到"expressed thanks for the work emergency personnel do for the greater good"，不难得知，许多网民称赞Benton，并对应急人员所做的工作表示感谢，故选B。applaud称赞，赞许，赞赏。prefer更喜爱；approach接近，接洽。
三、语法填空
[2023四省高考适应性测试]The government has awarded $5 million to three different local nonprofit organizations. The money will 1 （distribute） over a four-year period and is aimed at helping approximately 1，000 homeless people in the county of Arvada.
One agency，2 （base） in Woodbridge， is expected 3 （receive） $1.5 million. The agency director says that they will focus their resources on 4 （educate） the homeless. "We will probably build another school-home with this money，" he said. A school-home is exactly 5 it sounds like. It is a school and a home. We have already built four school-homes throughout the county. We get the homeless off the street，6 we educate them so they don’t have to return to the street. We teach them how to be gardeners， painters， carpenters， bricklayers， electricians， and air-conditioning repairmen.
"You wouldn’t believe 7 success that we have had. In fact， a couple of weeks ago， our office air-conditioning went off. My secretary called a repairman. To our surprise， the repairman 8 （be） one of our first homeless students. He now owns his own air-conditioning business， plus two houses， two cars and a boat！ He has a dozen employees. He’s doing better than I am. He fixed our air-conditioning 9 free. I think I might sign up for the air-conditioning class 10 （I）."
本文主要介绍了政府为帮助大约1000名流浪者，出资建设"学校之家"，教育并传授他们在社会上生存的各种基本技能，帮助其实现人生的转变。
1.bedistributed 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作谓语。distribute与主语之间为动宾关系，因此使用被动语态；will后跟动词原形，所以空处填be distributed。
2.based 考查形容词。形容词短语based in...相当于which is based in...， based表示"基地（或总部）在……"。
3.toreceive 考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth.表示 "预计做某事"，故填to receive。
4.educating 考查非谓语动词。空前的on是介词，此处表示主动关系，且不强调时间对比，故填educating。
5.what 考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导表语从句，表语从句中缺少宾语，所填词相当于the thing that，故填what。
6.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前空后均是完整句子，故此处需要连词，再由前后句意可知，此处表示并列关系，故填and。
7.the 考查冠词。此处特指已经取得的成功，故填the。
8.was 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由后文中的now可知，本句描述的是过去的情况，故时态用一般过去时，主语表示第三人称单数概念，故填was。
9.for 考查介词。这名维修工免费维修了空调。for free表示"免费"，故填for。
10.myself 考查代词。句子主语是I，再由句意可知，此处表达的是"我认为我自己可能报名空调班"，应用反身代词，故填myself。Unit 4 Amazing art
一、阅读理解
A
[2023重庆名校一测]In 1665， Johannes Vermeer put the last drop of paint onto a canvas and completed his masterpiece GirlwithaPearlEarring. But years later on an April day a cyclist named Janine Strong stopped her bike， paused her fitness app， and watched as the snaking line of her cycling route drew the shape of Vermeer’s masterpiece over the streets.
Ms. Strong creates what has come to be known as "GPS art". It is an art category， which means you go outside with your handheld Global Positioning System （GPS） and start moving. The GPS records your movement by creating the dot type of track. This track is a line that details the path you’ve travelled. When you look at this line on the map， then you can see various shapes. Ms. Strong plans her rides in the shapes of stars， birds， lions — and the occasional Vermeer. Then to complete the digital vision of Vermeer’s masterpiece， she biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn to make sure each turn and circle was accurately achieving the covering of Vermeer’s original.
This kind of art form has grown with the widespread availability of satellite tracking for use by ordinary people in fitness apps. It is particularly popular in the app， Strava， and experienced a surge in use during the pandemic. According to a report， more than three billion activities have been uploaded to Strava since the beginning of 2020.
The "GPS art" can be considered the 21st-century version of large-scale drawings on the landscape， a concept gradually known to the world. It even has its own Guinness World Records categories. There was once a couple who completed a 4，500-mile bike ride across Europe that resulted in a 600-mile-wide GPS drawing of a bicycle — the largest such drawing on record.
本文介绍了GPS艺术的起源以及发展。GPS艺术通过创建圆点类型的轨迹详细记录骑行者所走的路线。这种艺术形式随着卫星跟踪的广泛普及而发展起来，并且逐渐为世人所知。
1.What is "GPS art" based on paragraph 2？
A. It is a system established by Janine Strong.
B. It is a line recording the path you travelled.
C. It is an art form realized by GPS tracking.
D. It is an app creating pictures.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"It is an art category...The GPS records your movement by creating the dot type of track"可知，GPS艺术是一个艺术类别，通过创建圆点类型的轨迹来记录你的运动，这与选项C相符。
2.How did Janine Strong finish her digital vision of Vermeer’s masterpiece？
A. By painting casually on her canvas.
B. By accidentally using her fitness app.
C. By occasionally running around Brooklyn.
D. By carefully planning and cycling around.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Ms. Strong plans her rides...circle was accurately achieving the covering of Vermeer’s original"可知，Ms. Strong是通过认真设计并骑行完成的，故选D。
3.What does the underlined phrase "a surge" probably mean in paragraph 3？
A. A sudden rise. B. A great success.
C. A sharp reduction. D. A severe downturn.
解析 A 词义猜测题。段中的"grown"和"popular"是解题的关键。由前面的内容可知，这种"GPS艺术"形式随着卫星跟踪的广泛普及而发展起来，普通人可以在健身应用程序中使用，它在应用程序Strava中特别受欢迎。由此可知，画线词应含有"增加"的意思，故选A。
4.What can we learn from this passage？
A. "GPS art" can be only completed on Strava.
B. Strava is in fact an app for people to draw pictures.
C. The art form of "GPS art" is getting known worldwide.
D. Janine Strong created the largest drawing in the world.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后一段的第一句话"The ‘GPS art’ can be considered the 21st-century version of large-scale drawings on the landscape， a concept gradually known to the world"可知，"GPS艺术"逐渐为世人所知，故选C。
B
[2023广东广州调研]Pieter Bruegel’s iconic 1565 painting TheHarvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were."Nowadays， however， if you walk through a wheat field， you basically see that wheat is about knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century，" biologist Ive De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time. He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen， a friend since childhood， to document such artwork around the world. They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape， color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum， where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared to be pale and white on the inside. De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen had a different idea. "No， this is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he painted it like that， that’s the way it must have looked like，" he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century."With all the genetic knowledge we now have， we can look at how something comes about in more detail，"De Smet said. "For example， until the 18th century， European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings — they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties."
Ultimately， the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. "However，" Vergauwen reminds， "if you’re going to use， for example， Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century， you might be misled."
通过观察不同时期的写实的艺术作品人们可以更好地了解粮食作物的变化。
1.What can we learn about the painting TheHarvesters？
A. It shows how people successfully grew wheat.
B. It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past.
C. It explains the consequence of different breeding methods.
D. It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，在该作品中小麦几乎和人一样高，即人们可以看到16世纪的小麦是什么样的，故D项正确。
2.What inspired the research team to start their study？
A. Their preference for food crops.
B. Their friendship since childhood.
C. Their divided views on an old painting.
D. Their shared interest in the Hermitage Museum.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"Their interest... had a different idea"可知，该团队的两人对博物馆内一幅画有奇怪的西瓜的作品有不同的看法，所以对艺术作品中的植物开始感兴趣，故C项正确。
3.What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph？
A. Art enthusiasts are not careful enough.
B. Abstract paintings often mislead people.
C. The source paintings need to be realistic.
D. Picasso’s paintings are hard to understand.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"if you’re going to use... you might be misled"可知，如果你要用毕加索的画来尝试理解20世纪早期的梨是什么样的，你可能被误导。由此可推知，Vergauwen是想说画作本身要写实，故C项正确。
4.What is the purpose of the text？
A. To comment on historical plant paintings.
B. To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C. To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D. To introduce a study on food crop transformation.
解析 D 意图推断题。文章第一段介绍一幅画作，引出小麦变化的问题，后续内容讲述一个团队通过研究不同时代的艺术画作来追踪粮食作物变化问题，故D项正确。
二、七选五
[2024江苏海安联考]
Why Is Art So Powerful？
Perhaps the simplest answer to this question is that art touches us emotionally.
Art is powerful because it can potentially influence our culture， politics， and even the economy. When we see a powerful work of art， you feel it touching deep within your core. And it can give us the power to make real-life changes.
It has the power to educate people about almost anything. 1 During the pandemic， some artists created vivid and impressive paintings to spread the message of wearing a mask， which was well received by the whole public.
It breaks cultural， social， and economic barriers. While art hardly really solves poverty or promotes social justice on its own， it can be used as a fair playing field for conversation and expression. 2 Therefore， anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social status， economic standing， or political background.
It accesses higher orders of thinking. Art doesn’t just make you absorb information. 3 This is why creativity is a form of intelligence — it is a special ability that unlocks the potential of the human mind. 4
5 Many times in history we have heard of people being criticized， threatened and even killed because of their artwork. Those responsible for these reactions， may it be an aggressive government， take these measures against artists knowing how much their works can affect the politics in a given area. In the hands of good people， however， art can be used to give hope or offer courage in a society that’s undergoing a lot of hardships.
A. Art， at its simplest， is a form of communicating with each other.
B. The truth is that people have recognized how powerful art can be.
C. It presents information in a way that could be absorbed by many easily.
D. Rather， it makes you think about current ideas and inspire you to make your own.
E. Everyone can relate to art because everyone has emotions and personal experiences.
F. Art may seek to bring about some particular emotion to relax and entertain the viewers.
G. As a matter of fact， studies have shown that exposure to art can make you better in other fields.
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要解释了为什么艺术如此强大。
1.C "During the pandemic...by the whole public"是针对C项举的例子。C项中的"could be absorbed by many easily"与空后句子中的"was well received by the whole public"相照应。
2.E "Therefore， anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social status， economic standing， or political background"与E项之间是因果关系。
3.D "Art doesn’t just make you absorb information"与D项之间存在递进关系，且空后句子中的This指的便是D项。
4.G 空前句子中的"unlocks the potential of the human mind"与G项中的"make you better in other fields"相对应。
5.B B项放在此处能充当段落主题句。
三、完形填空
[2024广东高三10月联考]Our cities are full of statues. You might even have found yourself staring at a lifelike figure and 1 ， "Did they just blink or breathe？" Izabela Radcliffe is a living proof！
Izabela has now been a living 2 for over 20 years， developing a whole cast of characters. She has her own company now and she has performed many 3 including Queen Victoria， Marilyn Monroe and Marie Curie. But it’s never as simple as just showing up and 4 in the street.
"Before I leave for a job， I must 5 everything and that can take up to two hours，" Izabela explains. It’s not just about the 6 ； she also needs to make sure that she has all the make-up she needs， too. Some characters take a longer 7 time than others.
Izabela’s unique art is often in demand. "I stay 8 for quite a long time during my work， but standing still is not the goal，" she explains. "Sometimes I’m in a set position and other times I 9 with the audience. Standing still is super entertaining，" she admits. People love to see that， because staying still is very unnatural for humans.
Being a living statue also requires being in good 10 condition. "Exercising 11 is something that is really important for my job. I personally find yoga 12 ， because it helps you develop good body awareness. Without that， you can 13 your body，" she says.
Izabela finds it to be a very 14 job. "Bringing charm and happiness to others brings those things into your own life， too. It’s like a（n） 15 of energy. There is a constant interaction between you and your audience — it’s beautiful，" she says.
文章主要讲述了Izabela的职业和她的从业经历。她从事的职业是"活雕像"，她扮演形形色色的人物，站在街头，有时一动不动，有时也要和观众互动。这份工作不仅给观众带去了乐趣，也给她自己带来了乐趣。
1.A. knowing B. explaining
C. believing D. wondering
解析 D 你甚至可能会发现自己盯着一个栩栩如生的人物，心里琢磨（wondering），"它刚才眨眼或呼吸了吗？"，故选D项。
2.A. statue B. model
C. artist D. pictures
解析 A 由第五段第一句可知，本题选A。
3.A. actresses B. characters
C. players D. champions
解析 B 她现在有了自己的公司，她扮演了许多角色（characters），包括维多利亚女王、玛丽莲·梦露和玛丽·居里。
4.A. displaying B. undertaking
C. performing D. gathering
解析 C 但这绝不像在街上露面并表演（performing）那么简单。performing与前文"she has performed..."中的"performed"相呼应。
5.A. pick up B. give up
C. pack up D. put up
解析 C Izabela解释说："在我去工作之前，我必须打包收拾好（pack up）所有的东西，这可能需要两个来小时。"
6.A. costume B. plot
C. information D. material
解析 A 这不仅仅是服装（costume）的问题，她还需要确保自己也拥有所需的所有化妆品。
7.A. meeting B. preparation
C. appointment D. test
解析 B 有些角色需要比其他角色更长的准备（preparation）时间。
8.A. still B. straight
C. seriously D. quietly
解析 A 她解释道："我在工作期间很长一段时间都处于保持不动的（still）状态，但静止不动并不是我的目标。"still与"but standing still is not the goal"对应。
9.A. stay B. interact
C. cooperate D. share
解析 B 有时我保持一个固定的姿势，有时我与观众互动（interact）。
10.A. living B. working
C. physical D. mental
解析 C 作为一个"活雕像"也需要有良好的身体（physical）状况。
11.A. occasionally B. fiercely
C. actively D. regularly
解析 D 经常（regularly）锻炼对我的工作非常重要。
12.A. appealing B. beneficial
C. interesting D. significant
解析 B 我个人认为瑜伽是有益的（beneficial），因为它能帮助你培养良好的身体意识。beneficial与"because it helps you develop good body awareness"吻合。
13.A. relieve B. tremble
C. hurt D. protect
解析 C 没有这个，你可能会伤害（hurt）你的身体。
14.A. rewarding B. generous
C. boring D. tiring
解析 A Izabela发现这是一份非常有回报的（rewarding）工作。 rewarding与"Bringing charm and happiness to others brings those things into your own life， too"相吻合。
15.A. loss B. outbreak
C. consumption D. exchange
解析 D 这就像是能量的交换（exchange）。Unit 6 Disaster and hope
一、阅读理解
A
Yellowstone National Park withdrew more than 10，000 visitors after flash floods hit the park. Houses， roads and bridges were washed away， and the park’s gateway communities were cut off from roads. Even as scientists and land managers are shocked by the severe floods， unseen in 100 years of recorded history， they recognize the similarities to the events their data predicted. They just didn’t expect them to occur this year.
While it will take more research to confirm if climate change made this flood event more extreme， the 2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessment predicts significant changes in precipitation（降水）， including when it will arrive and what form it will take. Scientists expect more spring rain and less winter snow. The assessment also predicts increasing annual precipitation in Yellowstone National Park.
Changes have been already documented in the assessment. Since 1950， spring precipitation in the region has increased by 17 percent in April and 23 percent in May. Snowfall has dwindled even though overall annual precipitation has increased. That means rather than a slow release of meltwater to valleys during the summer months， rainfall tends to combine with melting snow， causing riskier events like the recent flood.
June precipitation this year is now at more than 400 percent above average in the parts of Montana and Wyoming that include Yellowstone. And as temperatures rise， these rain-on-snow events are projected to become more frequent at higher elevations（海拔） in western North America， while lower snowpack will make them less frequent at low elevations.
Bruce Stein， chief scientist of the National Wildlife Federation， said several years before， when he trained Yellowstone employees for climate planning， they focused on the features that drew visitors to the park — like bison and wolves. Roads， bridges， and houses getting washed away were out of their consideration. "I think it’s urgent and necessary for the park to look ahead to plan for different situations that could possibly happen as the climate changes，" said Stein.
本文是说明文，主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水以及洪水产生的可能原因。
【词语积累】 withdraw v.使撤离 assessment n.评价，评估 document v.记录，记载（详情）
snowpack n.积雪
【熟词生义】 1.flash常用义：v.（使）闪耀，闪光 n.闪光，闪光灯 文中义：adj.突发的
2.project常用义：n.项目，方案，工程 文中义：v.预测，预计，推想
【长难句解读】 While it will take more research to confirm （if-climate change made this
While引导的让步状语从句， 其中包含一个if引导的宾语从句
flood event moreextreme），the 2021Greater Yellowstone Climate Assessmentpredicts
主语 谓语
significant changes in precipitation（降水），including （when it will arrive）and （what form
宾语（significant changes…take），其中including后接两个并列的宾语从句
it will take）.
译文：虽然需要更多的研究来确认气候变化是否使这次洪水事件更加极端，但《2021大黄石地区气候评估报告》预测了降水的显著变化，包括降水的到来时间和形式。
1.What can we learn about the floods？
A. They were the most destructive in history.
B. They had been predicted with certainty.
C. They were worsened by changes in climate.
D. They were partly in line with scientists’ expectation.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"they recognize the similarities to the events their data predicted...this year"可知，洪灾与科学家们的预测是部分一致的，故选D。
2. What does the underlined word "dwindled" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Varied. B. Balanced.
C. Doubled. D. Declined.
解析 D 词义猜测题。由even though和has increased可推知，画线词意为"减少"，故选D。
3. What does Stein think the park should do next？
A. Take preventative measures.
B. Rebuild damaged structures.
C. Focus on its attractive features.
D.Receive training in climate planning.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段的"I think it’s urgent and necessary for the park ... as the climate changes"可知，Stein认为黄石国家公园必须向前看，为气候变化可能引发的不同情况做好计划，这是非常紧迫和必要的。也就是说，黄石国家公园应该做到防患于未然，故选A。
4. What is the best title for the text？
A. Yellowstone area： Is it more at risk of flood？
B. Yellowstone flooding： Why does it happen now？
C. Climate planning： Why is it important to Yellowstone？
D. Climate change： Does it mean more rain for Yellowstone？
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水及洪水产生的可能原因，B项更好地概括了文章的内容，做文章标题最佳。
B
[2023山东二模]It was a long weekend in May 2018 and my partner Gabe Rosescu and I were taking a road trip to go to Nelson， British Columbia and spend some time with our friends. It was our first trip together.
At around 5：30 p.m. on Thursday， May 17， we were driving about 11 miles west of Creston， on a steep mountain road known as the Crowsnest Highway. I was texting updates to my family and enjoying the view. We weren’t aware that there had recently been flooding in the area. When I looked up from my phone， I saw a wave of mud and a huge tree coming down the mountain， right in front of Gabe’s car. He tried to stop， but it was too late. The mudslide sent our car falling nearly 300 meters down a rocky cliff （悬崖） and our car landed on its side among some trees.
I didn’t know how long we were unconscious. But the body is an amazing thing， and somehow we were both able to crawl （爬） out of the crashed car. We had no phone signal， so all we could do was shout for help. After just a few minutes， we heard someone call back. Four passers-by spotted us and came to our rescue. When the emergency medical technicians finally got to our side， they loaded us into separate ambulances. I was in the hospital for a week and a half， but they kept Gabe for six weeks. I was told I would walk with a limp （跛行） for the rest of my life； Gabe permanently lost the vision in his left eye.
Before all this happened， we were happy-go-lucky people. We’re even more sanguine now. We look at everything differently. Despite the injuries we suffered， we’re grateful that we’re still living a pretty good life.
本文是记叙文，主要讲述了作者与Gabe在开车去看朋友的路上遭遇泥流，被冲下悬崖，最终获救并积极面对人生的故事。
【词语积累】 come to sb.’s rescue前来营救某人
happy-go-lucky adj.无忧无虑的，乐天派的，逍遥自在的
【熟词生义】 1.update常用义：v.更新，使现代化 文中义：n.最新消息，最新进展
2.wave常用义：n.海浪，波浪，波涛 文中义：n.涌现的事物
3.send常用义：v.邮寄，发送 文中义：v.使快速（或猛然）移动
1. Why did the author and Gabe go to Nelson？
A. To go sightseeing.
B. To visit their friends.
C. To join in a road trip.
D. To look for adventure.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Gabe Rosescu and I were taking a road trip ... with our friends"可知，作者和Gabe开车去Nelson是为了与朋友共度时光，即拜访朋友，故B项正确。
2. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. How the trip was planned.
B. Which roads they kept to.
C. How the accident happened.
D. What could be seen on the way.
解析 C 段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知，本段主要交代了事故发生的时间、地点、原因和结果，故C项（事故是怎样发生的）最能概括段落的主要内容。
3. What can we learn about the author and Gabe？
A. They both lost their phones.
B. They were both seriously injured.
C. They tried their best to keep conscious.
D. They were sent to hospital by passers-by.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段中的"I was in the hospital for a week and a half... lost the vision in his left eye"可知，作者余生都要一瘸一拐地走路，而Gabe的左眼则永久性失明。由此可知，作者和Gabe都受伤很严重，故B项正确。
4. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word "sanguine" in paragraph 4？
A. Optimistic. B. Fortunate.
C. Adventurous. D. Cautious.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由最后一段中的"Before all this happened， we were happy-go-lucky people"可知，作者他们之前是乐天派。再结合画线词前的"even more"和后面的"We look at everything differently... we’re grateful that we’re still living a pretty good life"可知，画线词所在句表示"现在我们更加乐观了"，故选A。
二、完形填空
[志愿服务/]Jim McIngvale watched in horror as Hurricane Ida made landfall， hitting Louisiana. For him， it 1 one thing： Time to "get in the game". McIngvale， who owns Gallery Furniture in Houston， quickly called for 2 of necessities like food and water. Then he and his workers 3 every truck to take them to Louisiana.
"Louisiana 4 to us Houstonians during Hurricane Harvey， so 5 ， it’s the right thing to do to help our neighbors，" McIngvale said. He also opened his furniture showroom to 6 many families.
Ana Lee is among those who were 7 to the storm. She drove to Gallery Furniture after being told about McIngvale’s 8 . "I was warmly received，" Lee said. "It’s a 9 to meet somebody like him."
People who lined up to help out said they did so after 10 watching McIngvale help those in need. Chris Ogle was one of them 11 by McIngvale. He helped putting 12 onto trucks after giving away some bottled water to the 13 . He said， "If you knew McIngvale， you wouldn’t be 14 by the long lines of people waiting to contribute. 15 ， this was not the first time he had helped. He had volunteered to offer help many times after natural disasters."
Jim McIngvale在得知路易斯安那州遭遇飓风侵袭之后，积极参与了对当地受灾居民的援助。在他的影响下，许多人积极参与其中。
【熟词生义】 effort 常用义：n.努力，艰难的尝试 文中义：n.有组织的活动
1.A. meant B. proved
C. stressed D. affected
解析 A 飓风"艾达"袭击路易斯安那州，于他而言，意味着（meant）一件事——是时候行动了。
2. A. allocations B. preparations
C. distributions D. donations
解析 D 由下文中的"necessities like food and water""giving away some bottled water"和"waiting to contribute"可知，D项符合语境。allocation划拨的款项，分配的东西；preparation准备工作；distribution分配；donation捐赠物，捐赠。
3. A. checked B. emptied
C. loaded D. cleaned
解析 C 此处说的是把物资装到卡车上，故选C项。load表示"（把大量……）装上，装入"。
4. A. came up B. made up
C. stuck out D. reached out
解析 D 在飓风"哈维"来袭时，路易斯安那州向休斯敦人伸出了援手。reach out to sb.为某人提供帮助，援助某人。
5.A. in return B. in general
C. at last D. at heart
解析 A 此处表示"作为回报，帮助邻居是正确的事情"，故选A项，in return表示"作为回报"。in general通常，大体上；at last最终；at heart内心里，本质上。
6. A. feed B. comfort
C. shelter D. examine
解析 C McIngvale开放家具陈列室是为了给许多家庭提供栖身之处。feed喂养；comfort安慰；shelter为……提供庇护处，收容；examine检查。C项符合语境。
7. A. accustomed B. directed
C. subjected D. challenged
解析 C Ana Lee是遭受风暴袭击的受害者之一，故选C项。be subjected to sth.表示"经受……，遭受……"。
8.A. generosity B. honesty
C. bravery D. strength
解析 A 此处表示"在得知McIngvale的慷慨之后，她开车去了Gallery Furniture"，故本题选A项。 generosity慷慨，honesty正直，bravery勇敢，strength力量。
9.A. pleasure B. chance
C. plan D. dream
解析 A Lee很高兴能遇到像McIngvale这样的人。pleasure表示"乐事，快事"，符合语境。
10. A. fortunately B. frequently
C. curiously D. carefully
解析 B 下文提到"这不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手了，他已经在自然灾害后提供帮助很多次了"，那么，此处表达的应是"在经常看到McIngvale帮助有需要的人之后，人们也开始这样做了"。fortunately幸运地，frequently经常地，curiously好奇地，carefully认真地。B项符合语境。
11. A. supported B. approached
C. persuaded D. inspired
解析 D Chris Ogle是受到McIngvale鼓舞的人之一。support支持；approach接洽；persuade说服；inspire激励，鼓舞。D项符合语境。
12. A. products B. clothes
C. supplies D. bottles
解析 C 上文提到McIngvale呼吁人们捐赠水和食物等必需品，那么，此处表示"Ogle帮忙把补给品装上卡车"，故选C项，supplies表示"补给品"。
13.A. effort B. company
C. service D. battle
解析 A effort在此表示"有组织的活动"。
14. A. touched B. surprised
C. excited D. delighted
解析 B 如果你认识McIngvale，看到人们排着长队等着捐赠，你就不会感到惊讶了。touched受感动，surprised惊讶的，excited兴奋的，delighted愉快的。B项符合语境。
15. A. Luckily B. Hopefully
C. Eventually D. Actually
解析 D 事实上，这并不是McIngvale第一次伸出援手。luckily幸运的是，幸运地；hopefully希望，但愿；eventually最后；actually事实上。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]The emperor penguin（帝企鹅） may not survive climate change — or even this century. For decades， global warming has been melting（使融化） the sea ice 1 the flightless seabirds make their home； some formerly 2 （freeze） areas have shrunk by 60 percent in just 30 years. These largest penguins are nearly 90 pounds in 3 （weigh） and can stand 45 inches tall. They need the ice 4 （produce） their babies， avoid oceangoing killers， and find food. When sea ice 5 （become） liquid early， the species can disappear. The population is 6 （present） stable with about 270，000 to 280，000 breeding（繁殖） pairs.
But research suggests those numbers could fall by nearly half in the next 30 years， and that the species will be effectively extinct by 2100. Emperor penguins 7 （list） as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service already， which puts them 8 the protection of the Endangered Species Act. The hope is to protect them by 9 （get） more conservation funding and ways for international cooperation on research. "The listing of the emperor penguin serves as both 10 alarm bell and a call to action，" says Martha Williams， director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
本文是说明文。数十年来，全球变暖使南极的海冰大量融化，这使帝企鹅面临灭绝的危险。
1.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
2.frozen 考查形容词。由空前的"formerly"和空后的"areas"可知，空处应填frozen（冰封的，封冻的，结冰的）， frozen在句中作定语。
3.weight 考查名词。in weight是固定用法，意为"在重量上"。
4.toproduce 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词来表目的，且此处表示主动关系，故填to produce。
5.becomes 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由语境可知，此处描述的是客观情况，动词应用一般现在时；主语sea ice不可数，谓语动词应用单数，且become为系动词，故填becomes。
6.presently 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作状语，应用副词，故填presently。
7.havebeenlisted 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语already可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Emperor penguins与list是动宾关系，故填have been listed。
8.under 考查介词。under the protection of表示 "在……的保护之下"，是固定用法。
9.getting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作介词by的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，且此处表示主动关系，故填getting。
10.an 考查冠词。alarm bell表示单数概念，此处表示泛指，且alarm的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
