Unit 4 Friends forever
一、阅读理解
A
30-year-old Mohammed Arif was working in a field in February last year. Then he saw an injured sarus crane （赤颈鹤） in need of help. It was bleeding from one leg， so he picked it up and took it home. Luckily， the red-necked crane made a full recovery. To Arif’s surprise， when it was set free， the bird chose to stay.
"The bird was bleeding and I could see it was in great pain，" Arif said. "Without thinking twice， I picked it up and brought it home. I put some medicine on its leg and covered it with bandages."
During its recovery， the bird stayed with other birds in Arif’s yard while he was away at work. However， when Arif came home， it came to him quickly， asking to be hugged and sharing its food. By April， the bird， which Arif named Bachcha， made a full recovery， but it refused to fly away.
"Now， wherever I go，Bachcha follows me. When I’m at work operating the harvester （收割机） and helping farmers collect wheat or corn， the bird walks in the fields and then we both have lunch together，" Arif said.
During winter， other sarus cranes visit Bachcha and they play together， but while they finally fly away，Bachcha always stays behind. Sometimes， when Arif leaves home on his motorcycle， the crane flies with him. "My work takes me to different locations and I enjoy the stares that Bachcha and I get，" Arif said.
Wildlife experts describe the relationship between Bachcha and Arif as highly unusual — sarus cranes are known as the least social crane animals. They can be very dangerous for those getting close to them.
在地里工作的时候，Arif发现了一只受伤的赤颈鹤，于是他把这只鹤带回家照看。当这只鹤恢复之后，它拒绝离开Arif。这一人一鹤可谓形影不离，建立了深厚的友谊！
1.What does Arif most probably do？
A. A farming expert.
B.Aharvesteroperator.
C. A factory worker.
D. A repairer of farming machines.
解析 B 细节理解题。由文章第一句中的"30-year-old Mohammed Arif was working in a field"和第四段中的"When I’m at work operating the harvester （收割机） and helping farmers collect wheat or corn"不难得知，Arif最有可能是一位收割机操作员，故本题选B。
2.What can we learn about Arif from the passage？
A. He often takes injured animals home.
B. He never thinks of sending Bachcha away.
C. He has meals and sleeps together with Bachcha.
D.HefeelsgreatwhenothersstareathimandBachcha.
解析 D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"My work takes me to different locations and I enjoy the stares that Bachcha and I get"不难看出，Arif很享受他人对自己和Bachcha投来的注视目光，故本题选D。
3.How do wildlife experts find the friendship between Arif and Bachcha？
A. Normal. B. Dangerous.
C.Surprising. D. Necessary.
解析 C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的"Wildlife experts describe the relationship between Bachcha and Arif as highly unusual — sarus cranes are known as the least social crane animals"可知，赤颈鹤远非社会性动物，野生动物专家对一人一鹤之间的友谊的评价为unusual，由此我们不难推知，他们对这段友谊理应感到吃惊，故本题选C。
4.What’s the best title for this passage？
A.Anunusualfriendship
B. A journey back home
C. Live in peace with nature
D. Animals have feelings， too
解析 A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Arif和一只赤颈鹤之间非同寻常的友谊，故A项做文章的标题最佳。
B
Onesti and Rabbi got to know each other in a monthly meeting. One evening ten years ago， Onesti could tell something was up with Rabbi. So she approached him and asked how he was doing."Not so well， unfortunately，" Rabbi replied."I need a new kidney （肾）."
His kidneys were failing， which resulted from an experimental drug he’d taken more than a decade earlier for his stomach disorder. Rabbi had already registered at the United Network for Organ Sharing （UNOS）， but the line was 70，000 people long at the time. Statistics showed that in the US， 20 people died every day waiting for a kidney donation. He’d also been working with close friends and relations to find a live donor， but he hadn’t found a match.
Onesti didn’t hesitate."I’ll give you one of mine，" she told Rabbi.
In a journal， Rabbi wrote that "the year that followed had many twists and turns as we followed the tough path toward donating and receiving an organ. Being accepted for transplant （移植） was one thing， but being approved for an operation was another， and there were no guarantees." Rabbi began dialysis （透析）， and Onesti discovered she needed a major operation of her own before she could donate an organ. But eventually， both Rabbi and Onesti were cleared， and their operations were a success. More than a decade later， the kidney is functioning perfectly， and Rabbi is grateful "beyond words" every single day.
Today， both Rabbi and Onesti lead a happy and healthy life， and their friendship has deepened over the years. Rabbi calls his functioning kidney "Lefty"， because it was Onesti’s left kidney. Although Rabbi has relocated to Chicago， he and Onesti still see each other several times a year. And occasionally， they make public appearances together to advocate live organ donation.
本文是记叙文。Rabbi因肾脏衰竭急需肾脏移植，Rabbi的朋友Onesti得知此事后毅然决定为他捐献自己的一个肾脏。历经波折，手术终于取得了成功。
【词语积累】 approach v. 靠近，接近 experimental adj. 试验性的 donation n. 捐赠 tough adj. 艰苦的，艰难的
guarantee n. &v. 担保，保证 function v. 运转，起作用n. 作用，功能
【熟词生义】 clear 常用义：adj. 清晰易懂的，明白清楚的；显然的，明确的 文中义：v. 批准，准许，得到许可
1.Why did Rabbi suffer from kidney failure？
A. He received an organ donation.
B. He was on dialysis for years.
C.Itwasthesideeffectofadrug.
D. It was caused by an operation.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"His kidneys were failing... drug he’d taken more than a decade earlier for his stomach disorder"可知，Rabbi的肾脏衰竭是他以前为治疗胃病服用的测试药物所致，即该药物的副作用导致了他的肾脏衰竭，故选C项。
2.What did Onesti do for Rabbi？
A. She turned to UNOS for help.
B.Shedonatedonekidneytohim.
C. She wrote about his condition in a magazine.
D. She used the network to find a donor.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段"Onesti didn’t hesitate. ‘I’ll give you one of mine，’ she told Rabbi"可知，当Onesti得知Rabbi需要肾脏移植时，她没有犹豫，决定把自己的一个肾脏捐给Rabbi；再结合下文提到的他们的手术很成功可知，Onesti为Rabbi捐赠了一个肾脏，故选B项。
3.What did Rabbi say about the kidney donation？
A.Itwasfullofdifficulties.
B. It worked smoothly and successfully.
C. It ended up a total failure.
D. It was canceled due to health problems.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第四段中的"the year that followed had many twists and turns ... donate an organ"可知，他们两人踏上了捐赠器官和接受器官移植的艰辛之路后遇到了不少问题。由此可知，Rabbi认为肾脏捐赠充满了困难，故选A项。
4.What lesson does the author convey in the text？
A. No pain， no gain.
B. Few words， many deeds.
C. Prevention is better than cure.
D.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.
解析 D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，Rabbi肾脏衰竭急需肾脏移植，得知此事，Onesti毅然决定为他捐献自己的一个肾脏。历经波折，手术终于取得了成功。他们之间的友谊也更加深厚，故选D项。
二、七选五
There is no denying that it’s hard to cheer up a friend when you can’t be by their side. If you’re looking for some ways to help your friends through hard times， this article is here to help.
Text them to let them know that they’re on your mind. 1 If your friends are in need of comfort， send them frequent reminders that you’re thinking of them and tell them you miss them. It will let your friends know that they’re still a presence in your life even if they’re far away.
2 This is a classic way to show someone that you care. Surprise them with something special to make their day — arrange for flowers to be delivered to their apartment or mail them one of their favorite records. 3 Items like a handmade card will lift their spirits all the same.
Provide a humorous distraction （使人分心的事）. Next time you see a funny picture online that you know your friends would like， send it to them. Avoid sending something funny during a deep discussion or right after your friends have told secrets to you， though. 4
Schedule a virtual get-together. Make it more of an event than your usual phone call. Watch a movie online together. Pick a recipe and make the food in your respective kitchens. 5 And your friends will feel super valued to know that you go out of your way to cheer them up.
A. Send them a gift.
B. Do something new together.
C. You don’t have to go all out in terms of spending， though.
D. The very simple behaviour can really brighten your friends’ day.
E. Both of you will benefit by increasing your communication skills.
F. They will help remind your friends of all the fun you can still have together.
G. Wait for a more lighthearted conversation or send it randomly to start a new one.
本文是说明文。当你不能在朋友身边时，你很难让他们高兴起来。本文介绍了一些能让你远距离帮助朋友度过困难时期的方法。
【词语积累】 be by sb.’s side在……身边，在……旁边
on sb.’s mind挂在心上，惦念
reminder n. 引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物
presence n. （在某地方）出现的人，存在的事物
lift sb.’s spirits振奋某人的情绪 respective adj. 各自的
go out of one’s way （to do sth. ）特地，格外努力
go all out全力以赴
1.D 由段落主旨句"Text them to let them know that they’re on your mind"可知，本段介绍的方法是给朋友发短信，让他们知道你挂念他们。再结合空后内容可知，空处应是对这一做法的进一步解释说明。D项"这个很简单的举动真的可以让你的朋友一天都心情愉快"说明了给朋友发短信这一做法的好处，故D项正确。
2.A 由下文中的"arrange for flowers to be delivered...their favorite records"可知，此处建议给朋友订花或者邮寄一张他们最喜欢的唱片，这些都是送朋友礼物的表现。A项"送他们礼物"能够很好地概括第三段的主要内容，故A项正确。
3.C 空前提到给朋友订花或者邮寄一张他们最喜欢的唱片，空后提到也可以送一些诸如手工制作的卡片这样的物品，它们同样能让你的朋友感到快乐。由此可知，空处内容应能起到承上启下的作用。C项"然而，你不需要花太多钱"衔接上下文，且使前后内容形成对比，故C项正确。
4.G 空前提到避免在深入讨论时或就在朋友告诉你秘密之后发送一些有趣的东西，由此可知，空处应讲到正确的做法。G项"等待一段更轻松的对话，或者随机发送以开始一段新的对话"与上文内容相呼应，故G项正确。G项中的"conversation"与上文中的"discussion"的对应关系亦是提示。
5.F 空前提到了在虚拟聚会时可以做的事情，空后提到当朋友知道你想尽办法让他们高兴起来时，他们会感到非常受珍视。由此可知，空处内容应与虚拟聚会的活动或者这些活动的益处有关。F项"它们将有助于使你的朋友想起你们仍然可以在一起享受的所有乐趣"说明了虚拟聚会的益处，故F项正确。
三、完形填空
[2023四川成都二诊改编]"The silence is killing me，" I thought as I locked my phone， hoping a new message would light up the screen. After 27 messages and two phone calls， I’d just sent my final text to the person who 1 to be my best friend at college.
The two of us met during the freshman year and， since we 2 almost all the same core classes， we rapidly became inseparable throughout college. We 3 stayed up together for studying， and were each other’s partner for late-night pizza runs. Then one day after graduation，she suddenly 4 responding， apart from claiming she "didn’t have enough time for herself". That breakup was the most painful I’d experienced. After four years of building such a 5 relationship， I thought I’d at least receive a（n） 6 for why she wanted to end things. Instead， I received only a brief， indirect message about self-care and what hurt me most was a（n） 7 .
Over the past few years， the concept of "drawing boundaries" has 8 in the pop psychology. Discussions of cutting people off and protecting your energy 9 dominate social media. And after nearly three years in 10 ， the ways the pandemic has caused many of us to reevaluate our relationships with others show up everywhere in pop culture.
The 11 of self-care are fairly obvious： by prioritizing our own well-being， we’re able to engage in emotional healing， build confidence， 12 anxiety and simply rest. However， an extreme focus on self-care can lead to a（n） 13 perspective on the world in which we always put ourselves first， even when we’re in the wrong. This doesn’t just 14 us — it can have real， painful consequences for the people around us.
Sometimes it can feel 15 for us to remove ourselves from conflict or discomfort under the mask of self-care. However，walking away from these relationships without a real conversation actually robs us and our loved ones of an opportunity for growth.
本文主要讲述了作者大学四年形影不离的好朋友突然之间宣布结束这一切，只留下一条简短的、闪烁其词的信息，这让作者十分痛苦，最让作者受伤的是对方的沉默。自我照顾近年来在网络上流行，很多人在自我照顾的面具下疏远自己的朋友和亲人。极度专注自我照顾会形成扭曲的世界观，给自己身边的人带来痛苦。
1.A. tried B.used
C. happened D. promised
解析 B由下文中的"That breakup"可知，作者和好朋友之间的友谊已经结束了。由此并结合语境可知，她曾经是作者最好的朋友。
2.A.signedupfor B. looked forward to
C. took advantage of D. kept up with
解析 A由语境和常识可知，作者和其好朋友是在大学一年级时遇见的，因为报名参加（signed up for）了几乎一样的核心课程，成了形影不离的朋友。look forward to期待；take advantage of利用；keep up with熟悉，了解（消息、形势等）。
3.A. occasionally B. barely
C.routinely D. finally
解析 C由下文中的"were each other’s partner for late-night pizza runs"可知，作者和她是深夜吃比萨的搭档，由此可见，作者和这个好朋友应该会经常（routinely）一起熬夜学习，故选C项。occasionally偶尔，偶然，有时候；barely勉强可能，仅仅；finally最终。
4.A. suggested B. regretted
C. delayed D.stopped
解析 D由下文中的"That breakup"和"why she wanted to end things"和语境可知，作者的好朋友突然停止（stopped）给作者回应。
5.A. fragile B. romantic
C.close D. formal
解析 C由上文中的"became inseparable throughout college"可知，作者和好朋友在大学四年建立了亲密的（close）关系。fragile脆弱的，易碎的；romantic浪漫的，富有情调的；formal正式的。
6.A. accusation B.explanation
C. apology D. complaint
解析 B由语境和下文中的"for why she wanted to end things"可知，作者与好朋友建立了亲密关系，但好朋友想要结束这一切，因此作者以为她至少会给自己一个解释（explanation）。accusation谴责；apology道歉；complaint抱怨。
7.A. letter B. excuse
C. experience D.silence
解析 D此处考查词汇复现。此处呼应文章开头的"The silence is killing me"，因此作者觉得最受伤的是对方的沉默（silence）。
8.A.exploded B. disappeared
C. survived D. changed
解析 A由语境和下文中的"dominate social media"可以推测，"划定界限"在大众心理学领域突然活跃起来（exploded）。
9.A. hardly B. permanently
C. accidentally D.consistently
解析 D结合语境和下文中的"show up everywhere in pop culture"可知，切断与人们的联系和保护自己能量的讨论一直（consistently）主导着社交媒体。
10.A. harmony B. charge
C.separation D. competition
解析 C由常识可知，疫情导致了人们接近三年的隔离（separation）。harmony融洽，和谐；charge照管，收费；competition比赛。
11.A. effects B.benefits
C. origins D. characteristics
解析 B由下文中的"we’re able to engage in emotional healing， build confidence， 12 anxiety and simply rest"可知，此处讲的是自我照顾的好处（benefits）。effect影响；origin 起源，出身；characteristic特征。
12.A.reduce B. express
C. create D. share
解析 A分析语境可知，" 12 anxiety"与"engage in emotional healing""buildconfidence""rest"并列，讲的都是自我照顾的好处。因此，此处表示减少（reduce）焦虑。
13.A. open-minded B. objective
C. conservative D.twisted
解析 D结合语境和下文中的"we always put ourselves first， even when we’re in the wrong"可知，极度专注自我照顾会导致扭曲的（twisted）世界观。open-minded愿意考虑不同意见的，思想开明的；objective客观的；conservative保守的，守旧的。
14.A. disturb B. impress
C.hurt D. support
解析 C由下文中的"it can have real， painful consequences for the people around us"可知，这种扭曲的世界观不仅会伤害（hurt）我们，也会给我们身边的人带来痛苦。disturb打扰，妨碍，使焦虑，使烦恼；impress给……留下深刻的好印象；support支持。
15.A.easier B. cooler
C. calmer D. warmer
解析 A由作者自身的经历和语境可知，作者的好朋友发了一条关于自我照顾的信息，就此宣告两人关系的破裂，作者由此引发对自我照顾的讨论。因此此处指的是有时在自我照顾的面具下，我们使自己从冲突或不适中解脱出来似乎容易得多（easier）。Unit 3 Family matters
一、阅读理解
A
[2023湖南长沙期末]Sylvester James Gates Jr.， former president of the American Physical Society， appears in a number of documentaries， and is the receiver of countless awards.
Looking back at his career，Gates credited MIT as his "intellectual birthing ground". In fact， his path to MIT started at home. He still remembers that when he was a child， his father asked him and his three younger siblings a question： What college do you plan to attend？ His father had spent his own childhood on a sugarcane farm， and then worked in the army for 27 years， never having had the opportunity to attend college himself.
"But he had the iron faith that education was the way to make progress for our family，" Gates said.
Gates first learned of MIT when he was 14.He was watching a television show， with a character who happened to be an MIT student. It left such an impression that Gates declared to his father that MIT was the college he wanted to attend. But as he recalled， "That dream almost never happened."
He spent his high school years in Florida. He and his friends started a chess team. When they visited other high schools for matches，he saw the quality of everything，from the facilities， to the desks， and even the books — especially the books — was better than those at his own school.
This experience made him hesitate in applying to MIT. But his father， remembering Gates’ early declaration， insisted. When the acceptance letter came， it was his father who gave him the news， while he was sitting on the family’s rocking sofa."He was energetically going back and forth， back and forth， and then he looked up and saw me， smiling the biggest smile，" Gates said. "And that was my introduction to MIT — that very personal welcoming from my father， who let me know that my dream could come true."
本文讲述了Sylvester James Gates Jr.在父亲的引导与坚持下成功考入麻省理工学院的故事。
【词语积累】 look back at回顾 intellectual adj.智力的，有才智的 make progress 取得进步 energetically adv.精力充沛地 back and forth 来回地
【长难句解读】When they visited other high schools for matches， he saw the quality of
时间状语从句
everything， from the facilities， to the desks， and even the books — especially the books —
省略了that的宾语从句
was better than those at his own school.
译文：当他们去其他高中参加比赛时，从设施到课桌，甚至书——尤其是书——他看到的所有东西的质量都比他自己学校的好。
1.What can we know about Gates？
A. He is the president of MIT.
B.Hehasgotlotsofhonors.
C. His path to MIT began on a farm.
D. His service in the army lasted 27 years.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"appears in a number of documentaries， and is the receiver of countless awards"可知，Gates出现在很多纪录片中并获得了无数奖项，故选B。
2.Which of the following can best describe the author’s father？
A.Insightful. B. Picky.
C. Educated. D. Hesitant.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第三段中Gates对父亲的介绍"But he had the iron faith that education was the way to make progress for our family"可推知，父亲颇有见地，故选A。insightful有见地的，picky挑剔的，educated受过良好教育的，hesitant犹豫的。
3.What made Gates apply to MIT？
A. The iron faith in his high school career.
B.Hisfather’s insistence on Gates’ earlydream.
C. The experience of visiting high schools.
D. His communication with an MIT student.
解析 B 细节理解题。由最后一段中的"This experience made him hesitate in applying to MIT. But his father， remembering Gates’ early declaration，insisted"可知，Gates看到的差距让他对申请麻省理工学院犹豫不决，但他的父亲想起了他早期的宣言，坚持让他申请，正是由于父亲的坚持使得Gates申请了麻省理工学院，故选B。
4.What can we learn from the passage？
A. It’s never too late to learn.
B. Knowledge makes one humble.
C. Making mistakes is part of learning.
D.Birthismuchbuteducationismore.
解析 D 推理判断题。Gates考上麻省理工学院与父亲的坚持密切相关，父亲深信教育是他们家进步的途径。当Gates看到的差距使他对申请麻省理工学院犹豫不决时，父亲的坚持使他申请了该学院，综合四个选项可知，D项"出身固然重要，教育更重要"符合文意。
B
[2023新疆乌鲁木齐一检]My grandfather used to be the smartest person in the world. I am sure he was. There was nothing he could not explain or narrate to me. When I lost my sight at only six years old， he was the one who supported my connection with the whole world. He did it with his tales.
My grandfather was the one who did not allow me to give up. He supported my memory and boosted my imagination every day. He narrated fairy stories about everything around us. He made me describe the things that I used to see in detail and then told something about them I could not believe.
I remember he gave me his knife. I was careful with it， as it was sharp — my grandfather carved figures and household items with it. I was holding it and trying to restore its look in my memory， and my grandfather was telling a story of the knife. He told me that having this knife， he was never wounded in a battle， and that he could carve any figure in detail with it. He promised that one day I would get it， and that I would be able to carve anything. I touched the blade（刀刃） with my fingers， and I imagined how great I would be at carving. I wanted to make the magic creatures that were mentioned by my grandfather and give them to him.
He made me walk a lot； when we were exploring the hills and fields， he taught me how to define the flowers and trees. Being blind， I could find any local plant by smelling and touching. My grandfather promised that one day we would hike together and find real highland edelweiss （雪绒花）.
He died a month before I had my operation. When the bandage was taken off my eyes， I saw the faces of my parents， the sun， flowers， trees， and a knife left by my grandfather. Later， when my sight became stable and it became possible to read， my father gave me a book of tales written and illustrated by my grandfather. There were all the creatures he had talked about. He painted them for me， and I spent months looking at them and tried to recall their images in my own memory.
本文讲述了爷爷在作者失明时对作者的帮助。爷爷用故事为作者讲述周围的事物，带作者去接近大自然。复明后，作者看到周围的事物，心中满是对爷爷的回忆。
【词语积累】 boost v.推动，促进 carve v.雕刻 define v.阐明；给……下定义
illustrate v.（用示例、图画等）说明；加插图于……
1.How did the author’s grandfather support him？
A.Throughthepowerofnarration.
B. By treating the author’s disease.
C. Through description of scientific stories.
D. By asking the author to memorize stories.
解析 A 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的"He supported my memory and boosted my imagination every day. He narrated fairy stories about everything around us"可知，作者的爷爷每天为作者讲述与周围事物相关的童话故事，以提升作者的想象力，帮助作者记忆，故作者的爷爷通过讲述故事来帮助作者记忆，故选A。
2.What can be learned about the knife？
A. The author’s grandfather got it in a battle.
B. It was a sharp knife with many figures on it.
C.Itservedasareminderofthetimewiththeauthor’s grandfather.
D. It acted as a warning against taking any risk.
解析 C 推理判断题。由文章第三段中的"I touched the blade（刀刃） with my fingers...that were mentioned by my grandfather and give them to him"可知，作者用手指触摸着刀刃，想象着自己在雕刻方面会有多么出色，想雕刻出爷爷提到的那些神奇的生物，并把它们给爷爷。由此可推知，这把小刀能让作者想起曾经和爷爷一起度过的时光，故选C。
3.Why did the author’s grandfather take the author outdoors？
A. To find real highland edelweiss.
B.Tomaketheauthorgetclosetonature.
C. To carry out research.
D. To improve the author’s eyesight.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第四段的描述可知，作者的爷爷让作者多走路，带作者去山丘和田野，教作者认花和树木，让作者通过闻和触摸找当地植物，并向作者承诺有一天会带作者徒步旅行，找到真正的高原雪绒花。再结合第二段首句可知，作者失明后爷爷不允许作者放弃。由此可推知，作者的爷爷将作者带去户外，是为了让作者接近大自然，不对自己的失明感到绝望，故选B。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text？
A. Carving the World.
B. Miracles in My Life.
C.MemoriesWhenBlind.
D. Restoring the Past.
解析 C 标题归纳题。作者失明后，爷爷不放弃作者，为作者讲述周围的事物，引导作者接近生活中的事物，带领作者接触大自然；复明后，作者看到爷爷给自己留下的东西，心里满是失明时爷爷陪伴自己的回忆。由此可知，C项适合做本文标题。
二、七选五
For most people， hearing the words "dinner’s on the table" brings back memories of home-cooked meals shared with family. 1 However， "dinnertime" as we currently know it was once different and has experienced some evolution （演变）.
2 Family members would eat in shifts， setting up a small table in a hallway or outside， or by the fireplace. In colonial （殖民的） times， the midday meal — "dinner" — was the largest one， while "supper" was a smaller evening meal. That changed during the Industrial Revolution. 3 Laborers who were not paid for their lunchtime began to eat a quick， lighter meal at midday， moving dinner to the end of the day as the main family meal. For families of all socioeconomic levels， evening automatically became the time when everyone would be back at home together. Dinnertime started to be an important occasion.
At present， flexible lifestyles， changing patterns of work-life balance， and evolving family structures have led to the appearance of a new kind of family dinner. 4 A few clicks on the phone can bring people whatever their heart or stomach desires — Caribbean， Japanese， Italian and every other country’s cuisine， not to mention delivery options that can meet special dietary needs. This makes sense given the various dining preferences of the newest age group.
5 Regardless of who cooks the food， where it’s eaten， and who you’re eating with， the nightly tradition of sharing a meal while connecting with loved ones always stands strong.
A. People began to work outside of their home.
B. Family dinners are not always so flexible.
C. There’s never been so much variety for dinnertime.
D. Despite the changes， the central concept remains.
E. It’s a magical phrase representing a warm time at sunset.
F. Families didn’t eat together in the evening before the 1700s.
G. In the late 19th century dinnertime served as a symbol of stability.
本文是说明文。"晚饭做好了"这句话会唤起很多人有关家庭的回忆，勾勒出一幅傍晚时分的温馨画面。晚饭时间曾经并非今天这样，它经历了一些演变。但无论如何变化，它的核心理念始终如一。
1.E 上文提到"对大部分人来说，听到‘晚饭做好了’这句话会唤起与家人一同吃家常饭菜的回忆"，下文提到"然而，我们现在所了解的‘晚饭时间’曾经并非这样，它经历了一些演变"，故空处内容应与"晚饭做好了"这句话或晚饭时间有关，且与下文构成转折。E项"它是一个有魔力的说法，象征着傍晚时分的温馨时光"承接上文，It指代"dinner’s on the table"这句话。
2.F 结合下文内容尤其是"In colonial（殖民的）times""the Industrial Revolution"可知，本段主要介绍了晚饭时间在不同时期的特点和变化。空格位于段首，应该也会涉及时间；空后又提到了"一家人会轮流吃饭"，故F项"在18世纪之前，一家人不会在晚上一起吃饭"可引出下文。
3.A 空后提到"午餐时间没有报酬的劳动者开始在中午快速吃一顿更简单的饭菜，将正餐改到一天结束时作为家庭主要的一餐"，由此可知，空处内容应与劳动者不能中午吃正餐有关。A项"人们开始在外工作"符合语境。
4.C 空前提到如今灵活的生活方式等使家庭晚餐有了新形式，空后提到只需在手机上点击几下，人们就可以拥有他们想吃的任何东西。故空处内容应涉及现在的晚餐形式。C项"晚餐从未如此多样化"与上下文连贯。
5.D 由全文内容可知，最后一段是对本文内容的总结和升华，空后提到"无论是谁做饭，在哪里吃，以及和谁一起吃，与所爱的人一边沟通，一边一起吃饭的晚间传统依然很牢固"，D项"尽管有这些变化，但其核心理念没有改变"总结了上文，且能引出下文。
三、完形填空
My son Nile has left for university. Even Mother seldom 1 now that her grandchild is no longer around. My home has become so 2 in less than one month.
As a concerned mother who had little to do， I 3 Nile whenever I could. At first it was through emails. Occasionally I 4 the page of the university to learn about Nile’s campus life， and was filled with 5 to see his greetings："Hi， Mum！ So you’re on the net as well！" Since then I’ve been visiting the website regularly hoping to 6 my child.
Recently， our communicating way had another 7 . Nile sent me all kinds of articles through instant messaging：novel， modern， funny... I read them 8 ， like a well-behaved pupil. Meanwhile， I had 9 feelings about that. The kid was 10 to learn something from me not that long ago， but he now becomes my teacher！ After 11 ， I responded with the following email：
"Thank you， my son， for all the interesting articles， though I feel confused about the change of our 12 . Despite that， I’ll take it as a loving son’s 13 of his mother. He must be thinking his mother is still young and 14 enough to accept new things. That makes me feel proud."
Now in this way we share ideas， with the instant messages 15 each other.
本文是记叙文。在作者的儿子Nile离家上大学后，家里顿时变得冷清起来。作者最初通过邮件以及Nile学校的网站与Nile保持联系，后来他们的交流方式变成了Nile像一位老师一样给她分享文章，让她学习。作者一开始对此有些不适应，后来意识到这也许是儿子表达关爱的方式。
1.A. cares B. leaves
C. works D.appears
解析 D 上文提到了作者的儿子上大学了，下文提到了母亲的外孙不在家，再由空前的Even可知，空处所在句与上文是语意上的顺承关系，因此此处应为母亲也由于外孙不在家而很少过来。appear到来，出现。
2.A. distant B.quiet
C. dirty D. warm
解析 B 儿子上大学了，甚至是母亲也很少露面了，由此可知，作者的家变得很安静。quiet安静的。
3.A.contacted B. visited
C. helped D. missed
解析 A 由上文的"As a concerned mother who had little to do"和下文的"At first it was through emails"可知，只要有机会，作者就联系Nile。contact联系，联络。
4.A. turned down B. spoke of
C.lookedthrough D. checked on
解析 C 由下文的"on the net""visiting the website"可知，作者有时会浏览儿子学校的网站，以此了解儿子的校园生活。turn down拒绝，顶回；speak of表明，说明；look through浏览，翻阅；check on核实，检查。C项切题。
5.A. curiosity B.surprise
C. admiration D. satisfaction
解析 B 结合语境和常识可知，作者浏览儿子学校的网站时因看到儿子的问候感到很惊讶。surprise 惊奇，惊讶。
6.A. encourage B. impress
C.encounter D. monitor
解析 C 上文提到了作者很思念孩子，在浏览网站时看到儿子在网上的问候留言，由此可知，作者从此经常访问学校的网站，希望能遇到儿子。encourage鼓励；impress使钦佩，使敬仰，给……留下深刻的好印象；encounter偶然碰到，意外遇见；monitor监视，检查，跟踪调查。C项切题。
7.A. breakthrough B.shift
C. meaning D. result
解析 B 由上文的"At first it was through emails...page of the university"和下文的"Nile sent me all kinds of articles through instant messaging"可知，作者和Nile的联络方式又发生了变化。shift改变，转移，转换，变换。
8.A. objectively B. privately
C.carefully D. repeatedly
解析 C 由下文的"like a well-behaved pupil"可知，作者很认真地阅读那些文章。objectively客观地；privately私下地，以私人方式；carefully小心地，仔细地；repeatedly反复，时常。C项切题。
9.A. strong B. wonderful
C. familiar D.mixed
解析 D 由下文的"The kid was ... not that long ago， but he now becomes my teacher！"可知，不久前还应当向作者学习一些东西的孩子，现在俨然成了她的老师，这让作者心情复杂。mixed复杂的，矛盾的。
10.A.supposed B. believed
C. noticed D. allowed
解析 A 由常识和下文的"but he now becomes my teacher"可知，就在不久前儿子还应当向作者学习一些东西。suppose应当。
11.A. negotiating B.considering
C. sharing D. agreeing
解析 B 由上文的"Meanwhile， I...about that"和下文的"I responded with the following email"以及邮件内容可知，作者在认真思考后，给Nile回复了一封邮件。consider仔细考虑，细想。
12.A. hobbies B. goals
C. attitudes D.roles
解析 D 由上文的"The kid was ... not that long ago， but he now becomes my teacher！"可知，此处表示作者和儿子的角色有了变化。role职能，地位，角色。
13.A. description B. instruction
C.expectation D. introduction
解析 C 由下文的"He must be thinking his mother...accept new things"可知，作者将儿子的行为视作一个充满爱的儿子对母亲的期望。expectation预料，预期，期待。
14.A.flexible B. energetic
C. knowledgeable D. confident
解析 A 由下文的"to accept new things"可知，儿子一定认为他的妈妈还很年轻，愿意尝试，能够接受新事物。flexible愿意尝试或改变的，能适应新情况的；energetic精力充沛的，充满活力的；knowledgeable博学的，有见识的，知识渊博的；confident自信的，有自信心的。A项切题。
15.A. persuading B. freeing
C. reminding D.comforting
解析 D 结合语境可知，如今作者和儿子通过这种方式分享想法，这些即时信息带给他们慰藉。persuade劝说，说服；free释放，使摆脱；remind提醒；comfort安慰，抚慰，宽慰。D项切题。Unit 5 Into the wild
一、阅读理解
A
[2023四省高考适应性测试]For years， David James， who studies insects at Washington State University， had wanted to examine the migration patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies （黑脉金斑蝶）. The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarch butterflies tagged （打标签） by a researcher， only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip， James says， and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts， but James had no way to figure it out — until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarch butterflies through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years， nearly 10，000 monarch butterflies flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington， Oregon and Idaho， researchers released another few thousand.
The tags included email addresses， and soon after the first butterflies took off， James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies， the reports confirmed， wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. "They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies，" James says. Watching the monarch butterfly change their form also touched the men. "This butterfly changed，" James recalls prisoners telling him， "and maybe we can too."
David James一直想研究黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式，但由于黑脉金斑蝶数量少，研究没有进展。直到和华盛顿州立监狱的囚犯们一起合作养黑脉金斑蝶，他这才得以开展研究并发现黑脉金斑蝶迁徙的模式。在看到蝴蝶转变的过程中，囚犯们的内心也发生了变化。
【词语积累】 figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
transformation n.（彻底的）变化，改观，转变，改革
confirm v.（尤指提供证据来）证实，证明，确认
identify v.确认；认出；鉴定；找到；发现
bring out 使显现；使表现出；使显出；阐明；生产；出版
1.What was hard for David to do in his study？
A. Gaining financial support.
B. Hiring qualified workers.
C. Building a new laboratory.
D.Findingenoughmonarchbutterflies.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known ...tag is unlikely"可知，因为黑脉金斑蝶数量太少，所以人们无法跟随，它们的路线几乎不为人所知，故D项正确。
2.Why were the butterflies tagged before being released？
A. To guarantee their safety.
B. To enable them to fly longer distances.
C.Totracktheirtravelroutes.
D. To distinguish them from other species.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段中的"The route the...to follow"和第三段中的"The butterflies...Bolinas and Morro Bay"可知，报告证实这些蝴蝶在加利福尼亚沿海过冬，12只在圣克鲁斯的Lighthouse Field State Beach降落。由此可知，在放飞之前，给蝴蝶打上标签是为了追踪它们迁徙的路线，故C项正确。
3.What makes the prisoners feel that they can change？
A. The patience the butterflies showed.
B. The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C.Thetransformationofthebutterflies.
D. The devotion of James to the butterflies.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第四段中的"Watching the monarch butterfly change ...‘and maybe we can too.’"可知，蝴蝶的转变让囚犯们感觉自己可能也会改变，故C项正确。
4.What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A.Theimpactoftheresearch.
B. The findings of James’ study.
C. The release of the prisoners.
D. The life cycle of the butterflies.
解析 A 段落大意题。由最后一段中的" The work helps researchers identify ideal ... the gentler side of some of the prisoners"可知，这项工作有助于研究人员确定种植乳草属植物和其他对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶生命周期很重要的植物的理想地点，同时也让囚犯们的内心发生了变化。故最后一段主要说明这项研究的影响。故A项正确。
B
[2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]A group of researchers studying the behavior of Amur tigers， also known as Siberian tigers， have found that they have different "personality" types that help them survive and raise their baby tigers.
Amur tigers are definitely the largest cats in the world. They live in vast forests in wilderness areas of eastern Russia and in protected areas of northern China. There are about 500 of these tigers left in the wild， although there are probably more than that living in zoos or reserves.
The researchers based the study on a human test called "The Big Five"， which scores people on five personality features. They asked feeders working with 248 cats in two shelters to spy on the tigers and give an account of their personalities. The results divided the tigers into two groups， which the researchers described as having either "majesty" or "steadiness". Tigers in the majesty category were those that appeared "dignified（高贵的） and ambitious". The tigers in the steadiness category were "sincere and tolerant".
Majestic tigers had a higher social status， spent more time hunting live animals， and mated and ate more. The steady tigers seemed more gentle and loving toward one another. Rosalind Arden， co-author of the study， said， "It’s pleasant to see that you don’t have to be dominant， fierce， competitive， and aggressive in order to succeed as a tiger， which doesn’t correspond with people’s traditional insights into tigers."
There were female and male tigers in both categories. In fact， female Amur tigers are rare and feel exhausted after giving birth to baby tigers so that fathers often help raise the baby tigers. Having a steady personality， especially for male ones， could play a significant role in the relatively long amount of time — two to three years — when baby tigers stay with their parents. The researchers say both personalities have advantages that help the tigers survive threats， including loss of habitat and hunting. The team hopes the study will encourage more support from all walks of life in a bid to guarantee the tigers’ conservation.
一组研究人员发现东北虎的不同性格帮助它们生存和养育幼崽。研究人员基于一个名为"大五人格测试"的人类测试进行研究。他们让饲养员监视东北虎，并描述它们的性格，然后将东北虎分成两类。他们认为两种性格都有帮助东北虎生存的优势。
【词语积累】 behavior n.行为；举止 survive v.存活；幸免于难 previous adj.先前的 reserve n.（动植物）保护区 shelter n.栖息之地 category n.类别；种类
give an account of...描述……
ambitious adj.费力的；雄心勃勃的
tolerant adj.忍受的；耐……的
dominant adj.首要的；占优势的；强大的
aggressive adj.富有攻击性的，好斗的
correspond with...与……相符 all walks of life各行各业
guaranteev.保证；确保 conservation n.保护
【熟词生义】 1.raise 常用义：v.举起；提起；提升 文中义：v.养育；抚养
2.score 常用义：n.得分；比分；分数 文中义：v.评分
1.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2？
A. To justify an argument.
B.Toaddbackgroundinformation.
C. To summarize the previous paragraph.
D. To introduce a new topic for discussion.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，研究东北虎行为的一组研究人员发现它们有不同的性格类型，这些性格帮助东北虎生存并养育幼崽。再结合第二段的内容可知，第二段主要介绍了东北虎的特点、栖息地和种群数量。由此可知，第二段的作用主要是补充东北虎的相关信息，故选B项。
2.The researchers conducted the study on Amur tigers by .
A. categorizing them for inspection
B. scoring them on 5 personality features
C. doing comparison experiments in the lab
D.observingthemthroughapersonalitytest
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段的"The researchers based the study on a human test...having either ‘majesty’ or ‘steadiness’"可知，研究人员基于一个名为"大五人格测试"的人类测试进行研究，该测试对人们的五种性格特征进行评分。他们让饲养员监视东北虎，并描述它们的性格，然后据此将东北虎分为两类，即"威严"类和"沉稳"类，故选D项。
3.What does Rosalind Arden think of their findings？
A. They improve Amur tigers’ welfare.
B. They change the tigers’ living conditions.
C. They help the reproduction of Amur tigers.
D.Theycontradicttraditionalideasabouttigers.
解析 D 细节理解题。由题干中的人名Rosalind Arden将答案定位至第四段。Rosalind Arden说，很高兴看到，想要成为一只成功的老虎，它不必是强大的、凶猛的、有竞争力的和好斗的。这与人们看待老虎的传统观点是不相符的，故选D项。
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A.Fewsex-relateddifferencesexistintigers’personalities.
B. A steady personality decreases tigers’ chance of survival.
C. Greater conservation efforts have been made due to the study.
D. Personality types of baby tigers are influenced by their parents.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段的"There were female and male tigers in both categories"可知，两种类别中都有雌虎和雄虎。由此可推测，老虎的性格几乎不存在性别差异，故选A项。
【易错点拨】 本题易错选C项。由文中最后一句可知，该研究小组希望这项研究能激起来自社会各界更多的支持来切实保护东北虎。C项中的"efforts have been made"与文中的"The team hopes"不符，故排除C项。
二、七选五
[2023贵州贵阳适应性考试]Dogs see the world in different ways. 1 . Do you want to know what your dogs are thinking at all times？ If so， keep reading to figure out what they have on their minds！
2 . Pups （小狗） have a habit of chewing on things during the teething time. It does not mean the same thing when they are not puppies anymore. There is a chance that they just need to get more physical activity. One way to treat the problem would be to take your dogs out for a walk.
How they bark. Dogs bark for a lot of reasons. Loud and frequent barks will mean there is an urgent issue. Maybe they could feel danger lurking and want you to know about it. Short and soft ones， however， mean that they feel playful. 3 .
Bringing you toys. Your dogs might not want to play even if their toys are in their mouths. A theory says that this is a way to please their owners. 4 . They trust you so much that they want you to have their prized objects. For this reason， you might hurt their feelings if you simply throw the toys away！
Pacing back and forth. Are your dogs pacing？ Well， it probably means that they are excited， nervous， or bored. 5 . When they go around in circles， it likely means that they want to play. It is similar to the way dogs greet each other upon first meeting.
A. Furniture moving
B. Furniture chewing
C. It might be that they want to show you their trust
D. However， they also use their bodies to communicate
E. They do not always mean the same as we humans do
F. They are doing it for the same reasons why we humans do it
G. Loud barks could mean they feel pain， so be sure to pay attention to them
本文为说明文，主要围绕读懂宠物狗的行为展开。
1.D 空前讲述狗和我们人类看待世界的方式不一样，空后讲述你是否想了解狗的思想。由此可推知，此空应介绍狗的行为，D项"然而，狗还用身体来交流"承上启下，符合语境。
2.B 此空设在段首。由后面三段段首句的特点，再结合本段讲述小狗长牙时有撕咬的习惯可知，B项"撕咬家具"可作本段的段首句，概括本段内容。
3.G 空前讲述狗叫有很多原因，频繁的大叫意味着有紧急情况，可能狗感到了危险，想让主人知道；但是，温柔的短叫表明狗觉得好玩。G项"狗大叫可能意味着它们感到疼痛，所以一定要注意它们"承接空前内容，继续解释狗叫的原因。
4.C 空前讲狗嘴里有玩具，但它们不想玩而是把玩具带给你，这是狗取悦你的方式，故C项"这种情况可能是狗想向你展示它们的忠心"承接上句，与下句"狗很信任你，想把对它们来说很重要的东西送给你"紧密衔接，空后句是对此空的解释。
5.F 由空前讲狗跑来跑去意味着它们兴奋、紧张或者烦闷，由此可推断，此空应讲狗出现此行为的原因，F项"它们这样做和我们人类这样做的原因一样"符合语境。
三、完形填空
[2023江苏南京、盐城一模]Milo is a rescue dog， adopted by 20-year-old Makayla Swift. One morning in November 2021， Swift opened her front door and Milo 1 running."I couldn’t catch him，" she said.
Milo rushed to a house across the street. He seemed 2 with this house， so he ran to the one next door， Swift on his 3 .
When it started scratching （挠） on the front door， Swift was 4 . Not everyone wants a strange dog on their 5 . But as she tried to 6 Milo away， she could hear a sound coming through an open upstairs window. It was a voice crying for help.
Hours earlier， Sherry Starr， 85， had 7 around 4 am， for she had heard the front doorbell ring. She walked to an upstairs bathroom， opened the window and looked outside. But there was no one there. Starr turned to the exit."All of a sudden， standing there between the toilet and the bathtub，I 8 ，" she said."I went down hard on the floor." "I could not move at all，" said Starr， who was 9 between the toilet and the bathtub. Starr was feeling 10 all over， and she was also scared."I’m thinking that I’m just going to die here，" she said.
Her best 11 ， she decided， was to listen for the telltale squeak of her mailbox lid when the letter carrier stopped by in the afternoon and scream at the top of her lungs. For the next few hours， Starr 12 crying： "Help！ Help！ Help！"
"Her voice was very 13 ，" said Swift."You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs. Starr cry for 14 unless you were Milo， who had 15 heard Starr the instant I had opened my front door." Swift called 911 and soon medical staff helped Starr out.
文章讲述了一只小狗听到街对面的邻居家微弱的呼救声，从而使摔倒在卫生间的85岁的邻居得救的故事。
1.A.tookoff B. showed off
C. came around D. wandered around
解析 A 由下文中的"‘I couldn’t catch him，’ she said"可知，此处指的是小狗撒开腿跑了起来，故选A项。take off急忙离开，匆匆离去；show off炫耀；come around苏醒；wander around四处闲逛。
2.A. concerned B.unsatisfied
C. impressed D. delighted
解析 B 由下文中的"so he ran to the one next door"可知，这只小狗似乎对这一所房子不满意，又去了下一家，故选B项。concerned关注的，unsatisfied不满意的，impressed有深刻的好印象，delighted高兴的。
3.A.tail B. head
C. feet D. ear
解析 A 由下文中的"But as she tried to 6 Milo away...an open upstairs window"可知，当Milo跑向街对面的邻居家的房门时，Swift应是紧随其后，故选A项。on one’s tail紧随……。
4.A. depressed B. discouraged
C. amused D.embarrassed
解析 D 由上文中的"When it started scratching （挠） on the front door"以及下文中的"Not everyone wants a strange dog on their 5 "可知，Swift的狗去抓别人家的门，这让Swift觉得很尴尬，故选D项。depressed抑郁的，discouraged灰心的，amused被逗乐的，embarrassed尴尬的。
5.A. way B. own
C.property D. business
解析 C 由上文中的"Milo rushed to a house...the one next door"可知，Milo跑到了别人家，故选C项。property房产，地产，房地产。
6.A. send B. turn
C.drag D. throw
解析 C 结合常识和语境可知，当自己家的狗在别人家门口抓门时，主人的反应应该是将其"拖走"，故选C项。
7.A. calmed down B. lain down
C. given up D.gotup
解析 D 由"around 4 am...an upstairs bathroom"可知，Sherry Starr从床上起来了，故选D项。calm down平静，lie down躺下，give up放弃，get up起床。
8.A. dived B. wept
C. skipped D.slipped
解析 D 由下文中的"I went down hard on the floor"以及"I could not move at all"可知，老人应该是不小心滑倒了，故选D项。dive下潜，weep哭泣，skip蹦蹦跳跳地走，slip滑倒。
9.A. deserted B.stuck
C. hidden D. placed
解析 B 由上文内容和本句中的"‘I could not move at all，’ said Starr"可知，老人应该是在马桶和浴缸之间滑倒，然后动不了了，故选B项。
10.A.pain B. ease
C. strength D. anger
解析 A 由上文中的"I went down hard on the floor"可知，老人重重地摔倒在地，此处应该是她感到全身疼痛，故选A项。
11.A.bet B. result
C. role D. guess
解析 A 由下文中的"she decided， was to listen for...in the afternoon"可知，此处指的是老人决定最好的办法就是下午邮递员路过的时候，留心听邮箱盖发出的吱吱声，然后用尽力气大声叫喊，故选A项。one’s best bet最好的办法。
12.A. imagined B. regretted
C.practiced D. stopped
解析 C 由上文中的"Her best 11 ， ...in the afternoon"可知，此处指的是Starr在打定主意后，开始求救，以便邮递员可以听到，故选C项。
13.A. familiar B. clear
C.faint D. different
解析 C 由下文中的"You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs. Starr cry for 14 unless you were Milo"可知，老人的呼救声很弱，必须站在正门口才能听到，故选C项。familiar熟悉的，clear听得清的，faint微弱的，different不同的。
14.A. freedom B. power
C. peace D.help
解析 D 由上文中的"For the next few hours， Starr 12 crying：‘Help！ Help！ Help！’"可知，此处指的是老人的求救声，故选D项。
15.A. eventually B.apparently
C. randomly D. slightly
解析 B 由上文中的"You had to be right...unless you were Milo"以及下文中的"heard Starr the instant I had opened my front door"可知，显然，Swift一打开前门，Milo就听到了老人的呼救声，所以Milo才会去抓邻居家的门。此处用apparently（明显地）表示这是一种合理的解释。eventually最终；randomly随机地；slightly略微，稍微。Unit 1 A new start
一、阅读理解
A
Looking into the gym， I faced reality： I was in charge， and nobody would tell me what to do. It was my first practice as a volunteer basketball coach for the local secondary school. However， what if I had too little experience and knowledge to give the athletes？ What if I taught them nothing useful？ I’d felt these doubts about my ability to lead throughout my scientific training.
As a master’s student and later an early PhD student， I carried out the projects my professors gave me — but didn’t explore further on my own. It was more comfortable to let others lead. I told myself once I gained more experience and knowledge， I’d be ready to take charge.
That thought served me well through 2 years of my PhD. After finishing two projects， I felt burned out and needed refreshing. I hoped regaining my love of sports through coaching might help. I decided to push past my discomfort and learn along the way.
That’s how I found myself in that gym. The athletes came in and began shooting around. I collected myself and began practice with much energy and enthusiasm. Despite my fears， everything went smoothly. Afterward， I heard many thought the practice was great， which encouraged me. Maybe I had what it took to lead.
Around the same time， my professor offered me an opportunity to work with a master’s student on a project. I’d have to be a mentor（导师）. Though not sure I could do it， I couldn’t miss the chance.
My professor still supported us， but I had to take charge most of the time. It was hard. But the lessons learned as a basketball coach seemed to help me find my footing（基础） as a scientific leader， too. You don’t become a leader after getting enough experience and knowledge. Leading is a matter of choice. The key is in my willingness to try.
本文为记叙文，主要讲述了作者在篮球场上发觉自己拥有领导才能的经历。作者意识到，拥有了足够的经验和知识并不等于能充当领导角色。充当领导角色是一种选择，关键在于自己是否愿意去尝试。
1. How did the author feel before the practice？
A. Proud. B. Worried.
C. Confident. D. Relaxed.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段中的"However， what if I had too little experience and knowledge to give the athletes？ What if I taught them nothing useful？"可知，作者心中疑惑自己知识和经验不足，生怕自己不能教授一些有用的东西。不难推知，作者心有忧虑，故本题选B项。
2. Why did the author want to turn to sports again？
A. To give back to society.
B. To become a leader.
C. To become energetic.
D. To make his life after work colorful.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"...I felt burned out and needed refreshing. I hoped regaining my love of sports through coaching might help"可知，作者之所以想重拾对体育运动的爱好是为了消除疲累，让自己精力充沛，故本题选C项。
3. What led the author to realize he perhaps had the ability to take charge？
A. His rich experience and knowledge.
B. His professor’s trust and confidence in him.
C. His position as a mentor on a new project.
D. The athletes’ positive response to the first practice.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第四段中的"Afterward， I heard many thought the practice was great， which encouraged me. Maybe I had what it took to lead"可知，让作者意识到自己或许有领导能力的是运动员的积极反馈，故本题选D项。
4. What is the main idea of this text？
A. Sports play a part in leadership.
B. How the author found his research leadership skill.
C. Getting out of your comfort zone makes a difference.
D. To take charge doesn’t always require much experience and knowledge.
解析 B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者在篮球场上发觉自己拥有领导才干的经历，B项与此相吻合。
B
One of the reasons I became a teacher was how much I loved the reading and writing process， and how excited I was to help young children develop as readers and writers. One day， I discovered a work of Vivian Paley， who developed a storytelling curriculum（课程） for young children， which involves writing down the contents of students’ drawings and having their classmates act out these stories. I was immediately drawn to Paley’s focus on drama.
One morning， as my students gathered in our classroom for our writing lesson， I told them that they could draw anything they’d like， imaginary or real. They discussed with one another what they liked to draw and some shared their ideas out loud， which helped inspire those who weren’t ready with their own ideas. For the next half hour or so， I observed that even my most hesitant and unwilling students were drawing with a sense of concentration and purpose.
Later， we sat in a circle and I explained that we would act out some of their stories. The writer would choose classmates to be the characters in the story， and I would tell the story. Then a student stood up to announce which characters she’d need. I watched as one student played a rabbit， another played a fairy， and another played a rainbow cloud. When the play was over， the actors and the "director" bowed， and the class clapped for them. The next "director" jumped to her feet， shouting， "My story is the next！"
After I taught in this way， my students began to write down their own stories， though I always provided aid in the writing process when they needed. The goal of these lessons is not to turn my students into fluent writers in kindergarten， but to provide them with the chance to become writers， to see themselves as storytellers， and to experience the magical feeling when their ideas come to life.
本文是记叙文。作者受到Vivian Paley的课程模式的启发，决定采取特殊的课堂形式，鼓励学生画出自己创作的故事并将它们演出来，从而让学生感受创作的乐趣。
【词语积累】 act out将……表演出来
jump to one’s feet 跳起来
1. What does Paley’s curriculum mainly ask students to do？
A. Tell stories. B. Draw pictures.
C.Createplays. D. Practise acting.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"a storytelling curriculum（课程） for young children， which involves writing down the contents of students’ drawings and having their classmates act out these stories"可知，Paley的课程要求学生把画中的内容写出来，然后让学生根据写出来的故事进行表演，故本题选C。
2. What encouraged the inactive students to start to draw？
A.Otherstudents’ideas.
B. The author’s instruction.
C. The inspiration from books.
D. Their experience of painting.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段中的"They discussed with one another what they liked to draw... my most hesitant and unwilling students were drawing with a sense of concentration and purpose"可知，一些学生的讨论和分享给那些还没想好画什么的学生提供了灵感，后来，即使那些最犹豫、最不情愿的学生也开始画画了，故本题选A。
3. How did the students eventually feel in that morning’s class？
A. Confused. B. Concerned.
C. Relaxed. D.Interested.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第二段中的"even my most hesitant and unwilling students were drawing with a sense of concentration and purpose"和第三段中的"When the play was over... The next ‘director’ jumped to her feet， shouting，‘My story is the next！’"可知，学生们应是对作者的课堂很感兴趣，故本题选D。
4. Why did the author plan such special lessons？
A. To help students write more fluently.
B. To get students more drawing inspiration.
C. To help students set the goal of becoming writers.
D.Tomakestudentsknowthejoyofcomposition.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段的描述以及最后一段中的"to provide them with the chance to become writers... experience the magical feeling when their ideas come to life"可知，作者的课堂是为了让学生了解创作的乐趣，故本题选D。
二、七选五
[2024广东七校联考]
How to Set Goals
Whether you have small dreams or high expectations， setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life. 1
Find out your life goals. Ask yourself some important questions about what you want for your life. What do you want to achieve today， in a year， and in your lifetime？ The answers can be as general as "I want to be happy" or "I want to help people". 2
Set specific（具体的） goals. Be specific and realistic about what it is that you want to achieve. Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it. 3 For example， "Be healthier" is too big and vague to be a helpful goal. "I want to eat more vegetables， and I want to run a marathon" is better.
Write down your goals. 4 Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently. This will help keep you motivated.
5 You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals， but take the time to reevaluate your smaller goals. Are you accomplishing them according to your timeline？Are they still necessary to keep you on track towards your larger life goals？ Allow yourself the flexibility（灵活性） to make some small changes to your goals.
A. Adjust your goals.
B. Track and measure your progress.
C. Having a plan will help push you ahead.
D. Writing them down tends to make them a little more real.
E. Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful.
F. Consider what you hope to achieve in 10， 15 or 20 years.
G. Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals.
本文为说明文，主要介绍了如何设定目标。
1.E 上文中的"setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life"指出了设定目标的好处，下文具体介绍了设定目标的方法，故E项放在此处能起到承上启下的作用。
2.F F项与段落主旨句"Find out your life goals"和上文中的"What do you want to achieve today， in a year， and in your lifetime？"相吻合。
3.G 上文中的"Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it"和下文所举的例子与G项相对应。
4.D 段落主旨句"Write down your goals"及下文中的"Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently"与D项相吻合。
5.A 由"You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals， but take the time to reevaluate your smaller goals"和"Allow yourself the flexibility（灵活性） to make some small changes to your goals"可知，最后一段围绕调整目标展开，A项与此相符，适合做本段的主旨句。
三、完形填空
[2023四省适应性测试]Dr. Smith works at a center for children who can’t learn well. One day a father brought his son to him for 1 at his office.
The father told Dr. Smith about his son， "My son has 2 in learning and can’t even play baseball. He isn’t doing well because he doesn’t try. I have done everything for him. I have even shouted at him. But nothing 3 ."
After Dr. Smith tested the boy， he 4 his father. He asked the father to sit in front of a 5 and then gave him a pencil and a piece of paper. There was a 6 on the paper. He asked the father to look only in the mirror and 7 the lines of the star with the pencil. The father made the same 8 anyone made. Every time he 9 the pencil， it went the wrong way. The father’s face became red.
At this 10 the doctor shouted at him， "Hurry up！ Why are you 11 so long？ You can’t do such an 12 thing！ You don’t know left from right！" These 13 made the father very angry.
"Now you can 14 ， can’t you？" the doctor said to him. "Your son has felt just like that all the time. You scolded（训斥） him too often， so he didn’t try any more. He was afraid of making mistakes." 15 the father understood everything. He put his head down. Now he felt so sorry.
一个父亲带孩子去做测试。经过测试，医生发现孩子并没问题。在医生的一番操作下，这个父亲意识到自身的问题。
1.A.testing B. acting
C. teaching D. playing
解析 A 由第三段中的"After Dr. Smith tested the boy"可知，这个父亲带孩子来找Dr. Smith的目的是测试孩子，故选A项。
2. A. confidence B. interest
C. experience D.difficulty
解析 D 由"He isn’t doing well because he doesn’t try"可知，这个父亲认为孩子在学习上有困难，故选D项。confidence信心，interest兴趣，experience经验，difficulty困难。
3. A. returns B.helps
C. appears D. remains
解析 B 由"I have done everything for him. I have even shouted at him"和But可知，这个父亲认为自己做的一切没有起任何作用，故选B项。
4. A. waited for B. searched for
C. believed in D.calledin
解析 D Dr. Smith测试完孩子后，把父亲叫了进去，故本题选D项。
5.A.mirror B. television
C. painting D. desk
解析 A 由下文中的"He asked the father to look only in the mirror "可知，本题选A项。
6. A. face B. line
C. number D.star
解析 D 由下文中的"and 7 the lines of the star with the pencil"可知，本题选D项。
7. A. remove B.follow
C. cross D. cut
解析 B 此处说的是用铅笔沿着星星的线条移动，故选B项。
8. A. decisions B. choices
C.mistakes D. patterns
解析 C 由"it went the wrong way"可知，本题选C项。decision决定，choice选择，mistake错误，pattern模式。
9. A. touched B. dropped
C.moved D. sharpened
解析 C 此处指"移动"铅笔，故选C项。
10. A. speed B. corner
C. end D.point
解析 D 在这个时候，Dr. Smith朝他大声嚷嚷。at this point表示"在这个时候"。
11. A. staying B.taking
C. preparing D. writing
解析 B 由"Hurry up！"可知，Dr. Smith在朝这个父亲嚷嚷为什么花费这么长时间，故选B项。
12.A.easy B. important
C. obvious D. exciting
解析 A 此处表达的是"这么简单的一件事你都做不好"，故选A项。
13. A. ideas B.words
C. questions D. instructions
解析 B 由语境可知，Dr. Smith说的话（words）让这个父亲非常生气，故选B项。
14. A. relax B. leave
C.understand D. promise
解析 C 由下文中的"understood everything"可知，本题选C项。
15. A. Interestingly B. Absolutely
C.Suddenly D. Unfortunately
解析 C 由语境可知，听了Dr. Smith的话，这个父亲突然明白了一切，故选C项。Unit 6 At one with nature
一、阅读理解
A
[2024福建福州一测]The natural world provides humans with essential services. For instance， forests channel water into rivers that irrigate crops while their roots prevent landslides. Over decades， therefore， governments have made promises about preserving the world’s biodiversity.
However， those promises have been broken many times， which has caused the depressing destruction of natural environments. One step towards avoiding yet more disappointment is to emphasize the close link between preserving biodiversity and the widely held goal of reaching net-zero carbon emissions. Unfortunately， less known is the link between them.
Given that biodiversity has an important role in meeting these carbon-reduction goals， you might think it would feature highly in the net-zero emissions plans. Not so. For example， faced with the tighter regulation of emissions， many companies are now channeling more time and cash into their firms’ carbon footprints reduction and energy transition， yet the plans have too little to say about biodiversity.
That needs to change. Safeguarding biodiversity is an efficient way to control carbon panies and investment firms should pay more attention to the opportunities from preserving ecosystems. By investing in biodiversity — directing capital to projects that repair an ecosystem — companies can offset （抵消） their emissions. By some estimates， projects to manage carbon-rich wetlands and to reforest cleared land could provide more than one-third of the emissions reductions that are needed to prevent more than 2℃ of global warming.
The key to managing more capital is better measurement so that the link between investment in natural projects， biodiversity and carbon is made clear. Today some so-called carbon-offset projects that involve firms paying money are questionable and not supported by evidence. Better guidelines and practice can help and so can new technology. Drones and satellites can improve the measurement of biodiversity and accounting systems can measure how spending on biodiversity compares with pouring cash into other kinds of carbon management.
本文主要介绍了净零碳排放目标与保护生物多样性紧密联系，但生物多样性的重要性被低估了。通过投资生物多样性，公司可抵消它们的碳排放。自然界值得人类投资。
【词语积累】 essential adj.基本的；极其重要的
channel...into...将……输送到…… preserve v.保护
emphasize v.强调 feature v.以……为特色；起重要作用
tight adj.严格的 safeguard v.保护
ecosystem n.生态系统 guideline n.指导方针
【熟词生义】 1.channel 常用义：n. 渠道；频道
文中义：v. 引导，贯注；为……引资
2.capital 常用义：n.首都；大写字母 文中义：n. 资本；资金；资方
1.What can we know about biodiversity？
A.Itsimportanceisundervalued.
B. Its link with carbon emissions is clear.
C. It is the source of carbon dioxide.
D. It gets promised benefits from governments.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第一段的"Over decades， therefore， governments have made promises about preserving the world’s biodiversity"和第二段的内容可知，尽管政府做出了保护全球生物多样性的承诺，但类似的承诺似乎多次成为空头支票，导致自然环境恶化。为避免更多失望，人们需要强调保护生物多样性和达到净零碳排放目标之间的紧密联系。由此推出，生物多样性的重要性被低估了，故选A项。
2.Why is "many companies" mentioned in paragraph 3？
A. To clarify a rule.
B. To make a conclusion.
C. To explain a plan.
D.Tosupportanopinion.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段的前两句可知，考虑到生物多样性在实现这些减碳目标方面发挥着重要作用，你可能会以为生物多样性在净零排放计划中起重要作用，其实不然。再由第三段的"For example...yet the plans have too little to say about biodiversity"可知，面对愈发严格的排放规则，现在许多公司把更多的时间和资金投入到他们公司碳足迹减少和能量转变方面，但很少提及生物多样性。作者通过列举"many companies"的例子来支持上述的一个观点（生物多样性没有在净零排放计划中起重要作用），故选D项。
3.What is the benefit of safeguarding biodiversity？
A. Rebuilding wetlands.
B. Redirecting capital.
C.Cuttingdowncarbonemissions.
D. Transforming energy.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第四段的第二句可知，保护生物多样性是控制碳排放的有效方法。再由本段最后一句可知，管理碳丰富的湿地和在空地上重新造林的计划可以减少1/3以上的碳排放量，而这些减排量可防止2℃以上的全球气候变暖。综合可知，保护生物多样性的益处在于减少碳排放，故选C项。
4.What message does the writer convey in the text？
A.Thenaturalworlddeservesmoreinvestment.
B. The key to managing capital is new regulations.
C. It is hard to achieve net-zero carbon emissions.
D. It is worthwhile spending money on clean energy.
解析 A 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了净零碳排放目标与保护生物多样性紧密联系，但生物多样性的重要性被低估了，应将更多投资应用于大自然的生物多样性上，故选A项。
B
[生态环保/Traditionally， profiting from forests often meant capitalizing on timber（木材）— choosing commercial timber trees and managing them effectively. Yet increasingly， there is an understanding that it’s of greater significance to keep trees standing than cut them down for financial profit. Money is not everything. We have to recognize real and lasting value is from natural resources. But money is a fact of life.
Good news is that we can expect entire natural woodland is left undamaged and still provides a revenue （收益） stream. Leaving woodland complete does not necessarily mean that we do not touch it at all. Conservation work may involve building back biodiversity or the removal of foreign plant species.
A healthy woodland system can provide a range of yields （产物）. Besides eatable yields — top fruit， berries， and food crops， it produces substances for chemical use. The non-timber forest products provided by natural ecosystems will vary significantly depending on where they are. But there are almost always ways to explore to acquire revenue.
A project in the U.K. shows woodland is also a draw for visitors. It engages a community who creates a sustainable area of woodland. The sale of handmade wooden items and non-timber forest products is involved. But the community largely obtains revenue by opening up parts of the natural woodland to the public with an adventure playground and outdoor recreational activities on the site. It also offers courses on nest building， special wildlife events and more. The project is thought to have great uniqueness. In terms of revenue， it centers round the existing natural land； the yields woodland can provide become side products.
Recreational activities， tours， and classes are just the commencement. A rich and biodiverse woodland can be an ecosystem that draws in people looking for a beautiful place to stay. Woodland has great value in ecological and social terms. And when you nurse it， it could also add to the income from your land.
本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何在保持森林完整的前提下开发林地资源，从中获利。
【词汇积累】 capitalize on充分利用，从……中获得更多的好处 commercial adj. 以获利为目的的；贸易的，商业的 recreational adj. 娱乐的，消遣的
center round 以……为中心，围绕着
【熟词生义】 1.draw 常用义：v. 描绘，描画；拖（动），拉（动），牵引 文中义：n. 有吸引力的人（或事物）
2.side 常用义：n. 一边，一侧 文中义：adj. 额外的，附加的，次要的
3.nurse 常用义：n. 护士 文中义：v. 培育，培养，悉心照料
1.What does the author say about forest conservation？
A. It is difficult to carry out.
B. It outweighs financial development.
C.Itisgettinggrowingattention.
D. It centers on building back biodiversity.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段中的"Yet increasingly， there is an understanding that it’s of greater significance to keep trees standing than cut them down for financial profit"可知，人们越来越认识到，保护树木比为了经济利益而砍伐树木更重要，由此可知，森林保护越来越受关注。
2.Why is the project considered unique？
A. It aims to promote ecotourism.
B. It focuses on protecting natural land.
C. It provides educational experiences.
D.Itmakeswoodlanditselfthemainproduct.
解析 D 推理判断题。由题干中的"the project"可将解题信息定位至倒数第二段。由该段中对这一项目的介绍以及"The project is thought to have great uniqueness...existing natural land； the yields woodland can provide become side products"可知，该项目主要通过现有的自然土地，即森林，来获取收益，森林提供的产物是次要产品，由此可推断，该项目的特别之处在于（不同于通过森林的产物获益）它把森林本身变为主要的盈利产品，故D项正确。
3.What does "commencement" underlined in the last paragraph mean？
A.Beginning. B. Wish.
C. Example. D. Intention.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由画线词前的"just"和画线词后的"A rich and biodiverse woodland can be an ecosystem that draws in people looking for a beautiful place to stay"可知，丰富多样的林地可以成为一个生态系统，吸引寻找美丽地方停留的人，这比森林所能提供的娱乐性活动等更加重要，是更进一步的目标。由此可猜测，画线词所在句表示娱乐活动、旅游和课程只是开始，A项能解释画线词意思。
4.Which is a suitable title for the text？
A. A project makes the best of natural resources.
B.Woodlandbringsprofitwhilestayingcomplete.
C. Forest conservation has been a top priority.
D. Non-timber products help gain more revenue.
解析 B 标题归纳题。文章首段提到保护森林和从森林中获益常常难以两全这一问题，第二段进行转折引出可以在保持森林完整，不受破坏的情况下从中获益，第三、四段介绍两种途径，最后一段是对主题的升华。由此可知，本文主要介绍如何在保持森林完整，不受破坏的情况下从中获益，第二段的"Good news is that we can expect entire natural woodland is left undamaged and still provides a revenue（收益） stream"是对文章的概括，故B项适合做本文标题。
二、完形填空
Fifty-five more public schools have recently invited dogs to their classrooms. Dogs have been 1 in class for five years due to the Comfort Dog Program， which is becoming more 2 now.
Comfort dogs have been found to 3 positive feelings. But how do these pets 4 in the classroom？ For some students， the comfort pet 5 them emotionally， which allows them to be 6 in their studies and make remarkable achievements. A struggling student can turn to the pet and get encouragement. In other cases， teachers use the pet as a teaching tool， making it part of the 7 .
Dog training is not 8 a walk in the park. It takes time， 9 and consistency. So does this program. A teacher and their dog must participate in a six-hour training session. It 10 the teacher to effectively comfort the students if they’re 11 of pets. The dog is also trained to be 12 with strangers and the teacher who needs to be in tune with the pet and know how to 13 its stress signals.
The program has been a success， benefiting so many students and teachers. Hundreds of other schools 14 themselves with the program and have the 15 to join it.
本文是说明文。本文介绍了很多学校使用安慰犬协助教学的相关情况。
【熟词生义】 1. employ常用义：v. 雇用 文中义：v. 使用，运用
2. concern 常用义：n. 担心，忧虑v. 影响，涉及，牵涉
文中义：v. （对……）感兴趣
1.A. taught B.employed
C. raised D. prohibited
解析 B 上文提到最近又有55所学校邀请狗进课堂，下文提到安慰犬项目，由此可推知狗在课堂中的使用已经有五年了。employ使用。
2.A. enjoyable B. secure
C.popular D. affordable
解析 C 由上文提到的最近又有55所学校邀请狗进课堂可知，安慰犬项目现在变得更受欢迎了。popular受欢迎的。
3.A.promote B. experience
C. share D. favor
解析 A 由下文中的"the comfort pet 5 them emotionally... encouragement"可知，此处指安慰犬能让人产生积极的情绪。promote促进，推动，增进。
4.A. behave B.assist
C. survive D. struggle
解析 B 由下文中的"For some students... part of the 7 "可知，安慰犬对学生和老师都有帮助。由此可知，此处表示这些宠物是如何在教室提供帮助的呢。assist帮助，协助。
5.A. protects B.supports
C. moves D. amazes
解析 B 对于有些学生来说，安慰犬可以在情感上支持（supports）他们。
6.A. interested B. occupied
C.absorbed D. skilled
解析 C 由空后的"in their studies and make remarkable achievements"可知，此处说的是使他们能够专心学习并取得好成绩。be absorbed in表示"专心致志于，全神贯注于"，符合语境。be interested in对……感兴趣，be occupied in忙于，be skilled in在……方面熟练。
7.A. homework B.lesson
C. relaxation D. experiment
解析 B 在其他情况下，老师把安慰犬用作教具，使其成为课程（lesson）的一部分。
8.A. basically B. obviously
C. naturally D.necessarily
解析 D 由下文中的"It takes time...consistency"和训练内容可知，此处表示训练狗未必就是在公园里遛遛狗。not necessarily表示"不一定，未必"。
9.A.effort B. money
C. fortune D. attention
解析 A 上文提到"It takes time"，下文提到"a six-hour training session"及需要做的一系列事情，由此可知，训练狗需要精力。effort精力。
10.A. advises B. persuades
C. drives D.coaches
解析 D 结合语境可知，此处讲述训练的内容，表示该训练会指导老师有效地安慰害怕宠物的学生。coach在这里是动词，表示"培训，指导"。
11.A.scared B. proud
C. tired D. doubtful
解析 A 参见上题解析。scared害怕。
12.A. strict B. careful
C. patient D.friendly
解析 D 由安慰犬的工作环境和工作内容可知，此处指狗也被训练如何与陌生人和老师友好相处。be friendly with sb. 与某人很要好/友好相处。
13.A. give off B. put aside
C. get across D.makeout
解析 D 这里指老师需要知道如何识别安慰犬的压力信号（以保证安全）。give off发出；put aside忽视，不理睬；get across把……讲清楚；make out看出，辨认出。D项切题。
14.A. equip B. link
C.concern D. inspire
解析 C 很多其他学校也对这个项目感兴趣。concern在这里是动词，concern oneself with sth. 对……感兴趣。
15.A. ability B. curiosity
C.intention D. freedom
解析 C 上文提到很多其他学校对这个项目感兴趣，由此可推知这里表示这些学校有加入这个项目的打算。intention计划，打算。
三、语法填空
[中国情怀/2024广东七校联考]The total floor area of China’s green buildings has been over 6.6 billion square meters with the country’s efforts to promote high-quality development in urban and rural areas.
1 （note） China’s achievements of green development in urban and rural areas， Zhang Xiaohong， former vice-minister of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development，2 （stress） the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural construction at a press conference on Monday.
The ministry will make continuous efforts 3 （increase） the proportion of green buildings， raise building energy efficiency standards and popularize buildings with ultra-low energy 4 （consume） in regions with suitable climate conditions. It will also promote green renovation of existing buildings to improve energy efficiency and make 5 （low） carbon emissions.
China issued a guideline 6 supports green development in urban and rural areas recently. Institutional mechanisms and policy systems for green development in urban and rural areas will be 7 （basic） established by 2025， while green development will cover urban and rural areas 8 a comprehensive way by 2035， with 9 increased cut in carbon emissions， said the guideline.
The ministry will state a 14th five-year plan on urban and rural living environment planning and take 10 （measure）to bring eco-environment， construction and social and cultural environment into line while promoting green development of regions and cities.
本文主要介绍了中国城乡绿色发展的成就。
1.Noting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作非谓语。Zhang Xiaohong与note之间为主谓关系，且谓语动作与非谓语动作同时存在，且所填词位于句首，故填Noting。
2.stressed 考查动词的时态和语态。空处所填词在句中作谓语。由"at a press conference on Monday"可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语Zhang Xiaohong与stress为主谓关系，故填stressed。stress在此作动词，意为"强调"。
3.toincrease 考查非谓语动词。make efforts to do sth.努力做某事。
4.consumption 考查名词。结合语境可知，此处表示"超低能耗建筑"，energy consumption"能量消耗"。
5.lower 考查形容词的级。空处所填词修饰后面的名词短语carbon emissions，结合语境可知，此处表示"更低的碳排放"，与过去情况对比，应用形容词的比较级，故填lower。
6.which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示物的a guideline，且从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。
7.basically 考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词形式，故填basically。
8.in 考查介词。此处表示"以一种全面的方式"，故用介词in。
9.an 考查冠词。cut在此表示"削减"，为可数名词；此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词；increased的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
10.measures 考查名词的数。measure在此作名词，意为"措施，办法"，是可数名词。take measures to do sth.表示"采取措施做某事"，为固定搭配。Unit 2 Exploring English
一、阅读理解
A
[2024四川成都石室中学考试]English is a global language， especially in areas such as science and technology. Mathematics is the language with which the universe is written. Using numbers and mathematical symbols， one can write "words" and "sentences". When appropriate， several "sentences" together might form a "mathematical story". Mathematics also has grammar — the mathematical logic which determines whether statements are valid or not.
A math teacher says， "Math may be viewed as a language — a simpler， more consistent and more regular language than English. Both English and math are governed by rules of syntax and convey a complete thought. Numbers represent nouns， while operational signs （＋，-，×，÷，＝） serve as verbs. Math facts， such as ‘2×3＝6’， may be thought of as math sentences. Math at the simple sentence fact level is a much easier language than English. Though math has an infinite number of nouns， it has only five verbs （＋，-，×，÷，＝） associated with four basic operations."
Nina is an English teacher in an elementary school. She has no doubt about the logical connection between English and mathematics. She says， "They are definitely languages. In both languages there are patterns and rules. They are both taught through visualizations and illustrations. Teaching vocabulary is like teaching fractions. You need to illustrate in both languages and practice a lot."
However， English and mathematics as languages are similar yet different. The language of mathematics， for example， is precise and less flexible — it cannot afford ambiguity， while natural languages contain constructive ambiguity derived from their cultural and contextual wealth of meanings. Mathematics and English as a second language do not develop naturally as a child develops a natural language； they need to be learned.
本文是一篇说明文。本文比较了英语和数学这两门语言的相似和不同之处，认为它们都有自己的语法和逻辑，但数学更精确、更规范，而英语更注重文化和语境。
1.What can be inferred from the first paragraph？
A. Math is the medium of communication.
B. English grammar can also be used in math.
C.BothEnglishandmathhavelogicbehindthem.
D. English and math are both general languages.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段中的"Using numbers and mathematical symbols， one can write ‘words’ and ‘sentences’. When appropriate， several ‘sentences’ together might form a ‘mathematical story’. Mathematics also has grammar — the mathematical logic which determines whether statements are valid or not"可知，英语和数学都有语法和逻辑，故选C。
2.Why can math be viewed as a language？
A. It has operational signs.
B. It is simpler than English.
C.Itcanconveyanentirethought.
D. It has an infinite number of nouns.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Both English and math are governed by rules of syntax and convey a complete thought"可知，本题选C。
3.What does the underlined word "ambiguity" probably mean？
A. Similarity. B.Unclarity.
C. Certainty. D. Evidence.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句可知，ambiguity与"precise and less flexible"在意义上对立，故B项切题。
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A.TocomparemathandEnglishaslanguages.
B. To explain the logic behind English and math.
C. To argue for the differences between math and English.
D. To promote the development of science and technology.
解析 A 推理判断题。结合全文内容，特别是第一段中的"Using numbers and mathematical symbols， one can write ‘words’ and ‘sentences’. When appropriate， several ‘sentences’ together might form a ‘mathematical story’. Mathematics also has grammar — the mathematical logic which determines whether statements are valid or not"可知，本文比较了英语和数学这两门语言的相似和不同之处，故选A。
B
[2024河南部分名校模拟]Which country does English belong to？ The answer seems obvious： Britain. But there are about 180 million or 40％ of people in the European Union speaking English — much more than the combined population of those core English-speaking countries， such as Britain， Canada and Australia.
To make things more complex， the number of English-speakers born outside the traditional English-speaking countries grows every day and English is becoming not just a useful second language， but a native one there. Already it is easy to find children in northern Europe who speak as though they come from America because they have been watching Hollywood films and TV programs.
Today， many learners still aim for an American or British standard. Textbooks instruct India English-speakers to avoid Indianisms such as "What is your good name？" for "What is your first name？"， or "I am working here for years" instead of "I have been working here for years". A guide to avoiding Europeanisms has long existed in European Union institutions to keep German-speakers from using "actual" to mean "current"， as it does in their language.
Given enough time， new generations of foreign language speakers contribute not just words but their own grammar to the language they learn."I am working here for years" is a mistake today， but it is not hard to imagine it becoming standard in the future in India. If this disturbs you， remember that this text is written in a language that was a mixture of French， Latin and others until it became an unrecognizably different tongue.
No language has ever reached more speakers than English. It is hard to predict how they will change it， but it is easy to rule out the possibility that they will not change it at all. But you can take comfort in the fact that such changes usually happen too slowly to affect comprehension in a single lifetime.
学习和使用英语的非母语者越来越多，他们对英语的改变也越来越大。
1.What phenomenon is described in the first two paragraphs？
A. The influence of English-speaking countries.
B.ThewidespreaduseofEnglishoutsideBritain.
C. The popularity of Hollywood films and TV programs.
D. The increasing importance of the European Union.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第一段中的"But there are about 180 million or 40％ of people in the European Union speaking English" 及第二段中的 "To make things more complex， the number of English-speakers born outside the traditional English-speaking countries grows every day" 可知，英语在英国外的使用越来越广泛，故选B项。
2.What is the author’s prediction about Indianisms？
A. They will be officially replaced by standard English.
B. They will be accepted as standards by other countries.
C.TheywillbeconsideredgrammaticallycorrectinIndia.
D. They will become a different language in the near future.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第四段中的"but it is not hard to imagine it becoming standard in the future in India"可知，本题选C项。
3.What does the author most likely want to tell us in the last paragraph？
A.ItisunavoidableforEnglishtochangeovertime.
B. English has been influenced by different languages.
C. English might be unrecognizable in one generation.
D. It is important to keep English from foreign influences.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"It is hard to predict how they will change it， but it is easy to rule out the possibility that they will not change it at all"可推断，作者认为，从长远看，英语的变化无可避免，故选A项。
4.Which of the following may the author agree with？
A.ChangesinEnglishdon’t reallyhardenourcommunication.
B. English is spoken by the most people as a first language.
C. There should be more strict standards for English teaching.
D. Foreigners make more changes to English than native speakers.
解析 A 细节理解题。由最后一段中的"But you can take comfort in the fact that such changes usually happen too slowly to affect comprehension in a single lifetime"可知，作者认为，英语的变化没有快到影响交流的程度，也就是说，这些变化没有真的加大我们交流的难度，A项与此相符。
二、七选五
You’re probably familiar with the North American spelling of the word "airplane". However， if you’ve ever been on an international flight leaving the United States and going to another English-speaking country like the United Kingdom， you’ve probably noticed that there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning. 1 . The American English spelling is "airplane" while the British English spelling is "aeroplane". So， why does this happen？
Let’s look at the root of the phenomenon. 2 ."British English has a general tendency to favour spellings and words that remind people of French， but American English， when it has deviated（背离） from what British English does， often changes into the direction of seeming less French，" says Lynne Murphy， author of TheProdigalTongue：TheLove-HateRelationshipBetweenAmericanandBritishEnglish.
3 ."Aeroplane" is no exception."We’re comfortable with ‘aero’ in scientific terms， but as planes became more common things to talk about， the ‘aero’ seemed too fancy，" explains Murphy."InScientificAmerican in 1906， there was already a claim： 4 . Ten years later，‘airplane’ was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as their term. It was considered in the United Kingdom， but that suggestion didn’t go anywhere."
There’s a good reason why words that mean the same thing are spelled differently， and why that will continue to happen." 5 ， and people are generally proud of it， so they continue to spell differently，" says Murphy.
A. Every country has different culture
B. Your spelling tells people where you’re from
C. The word "airplane" happens to be an example
D. Airplane is a much better word than aeroplane
E. American English and British English have similar historical origins
F. There’s a lot of history that goes beyond words and dives deep into politics， government， and science
G. A lot of words in the English language are borrowed from other languages， like Latin， Greek， and French
本文是说明文，以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上的差异为例讲述了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。
1.C 由空前的"there are a few differences between the American and British spellings of words with the same meaning"可知，英美语言中有一些词意思相同，但是拼写方式却不同。再结合空后的"The American English spelling is ‘airplane’ while the British English spelling is‘aeroplane’"可知，空处内容与单词airplane有关。C项"单词‘airplane’正好就是一个例子"与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
2.G 空格所在段主要讲的是airplane和aeroplane拼写方式不同的原因。结合空后的"British English ...often changes into the direction of seeming less French"可知，空处内容应涉及英式英语与美式英语和其他语言之间的关系。G项"英语中的很多单词是从其他语言引入的，比如拉丁语、希腊语和法语"解释了英语和其他语言之间的关系，符合语境。
3.F 由空后内容可知，空格所在段主要介绍了aeroplane与airplane在拼写上的差异和科学等的联系。F项能够概括段落的主要内容，符合语境。
4.D 空前讲到随着飞机的普及，带有aero的拼写方式似乎太花哨；空后讲到十年后，"airplane"成为美国国家航空咨询委员会的术语。故空处应涉及airplane这种拼写方式在美国得到认可。D项"airplane这个词比aeroplane要好得多"与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
5.B 由空前的"There’s a good reason why words...continue to happen"及空后的"people are generally proud of it"可知，空处应是在介绍表示同一含义的单词的英式拼写和美式拼写不同这种现象持续出现的原因。B项"你的拼写告诉了人们你来自哪里"符合语境。空后的it指代B项。
三、完形填空
In Brazil， we start to learn English at a young age. Our schools teach English. And there are many language centers for those who want to 1 their English. In the beginning， it’s a lot of 2 ， as we’re taught cute songs and simple vocabulary. It’s a time to play， play， and play. As we get older， learning English gets a bit 3 . We’re asked to read long texts and 4 words. Sometimes， we also have to do listening 5 . But that’s all. Almost everybody learns English in Brazil， but only a few can 6 it very well.
Moving to Canada made me realize I couldn’t communicate 7 . My school years in Brazil had helped me build up a very good base （基础） for trying to speak English like a 8 speaker. However， it was 9 good enough. I had to get better and better.
Using words in context and surrounding myself with new words and their sounds has been very 10 . I try to find words related （相关的） to things I like and use these words in conversations during my day. It’s been great so far.
Another nice 11 is to watch movies I watched in the past. I watched a lot of movies with subtitles （字幕） in my mother language. Now when I watch a movie， I 12 have the subtitles on， but they’re in English. Whenever there’s a word I don’t know the meaning of， I 13 the movie and look up the word in my dictionary. But most of the time， what I really do is see the words and hear the 14 as the movie goes on.
I’m now still 15 my journey of English study. And all little progress I’ve achieved makes my day.
本文为记叙文，主要讲述了作者的英语学习之旅。
1.A. show B. explain
C. record D.improve
解析 D 此处指的是那些想"提高"自己英语水平的人，故用improve。
2.A.fun B. trouble
C. mess D. information
解析 A 结合"as we’re taught cute songs and simple vocabulary"和"It’s a time to play， play， and play"可知，此处应用fun（乐趣）。
3.A. longer B. earlier
C.harder D. quieter
解析 C 结合"We’re asked to read long texts and 4 words. Sometimes， we also have to do listening 5 "可知，随着年龄的增长，英语学习变得有点儿"难"了，故用harder。
4.A. put off B.lookup
C. take away D. get on
解析 B 此处说的是"我们要读长文章和‘查’单词"，故用look up。
5.A. conferences B. mistakes
C. conversations D.exercises
解析 D 此处说的是"有时我们还得做听力‘练习’"，故用exercises。
6.A.speak B. say
C. cry D. tell
解析 A 此处说的是"在巴西，几乎每个人都学英语，可只有少数人能说得很好"。表示说一门语言要用speak。
7.A. carefully B. seriously
C.effectively D. luckily
解析 C 此处说的是"移居加拿大让我意识到我不能‘有效地’进行沟通交流"，故用effectively。
8.A.native B. honest
C. proud D. popular
解析 A 此处说的是"在巴西上学的那些年帮助我为努力像一个‘本地’人那样说英语打下了很好的基础"，故用native。
9.A. according to B.farfrom
C. because of D. instead of
解析 B 此处说的是"可还远没有足够好"，故用far from（远非）。
10.A. strange B. harmful
C. similar D.helpful
解析 D 此处说的是"在语境中使用词语以及让自己被新单词及其读音包围一直很有帮助"，故用helpful（有帮助的）。
11.A. test B.idea
C. victory D. position
解析 B 此处说的是"另一个不错的‘主意’是看我曾看过的电影"，故用idea。
12.A. even B.still
C. hardly D. just
解析 B 此处说的是"现在看电影的时候，我‘仍然’需要字幕，但却是英文字幕"，故用still。
13.A.stop B. copy
C. retell D. compare
解析 A 此处说的是"每当碰到不认识的单词时，我会暂停电影，并在词典中查这个单词"，故用stop（停下）。
14.A. secret B. difference
C.pronunciation D. research
解析 C 此处说的是"听单词的‘读音’"，故用pronunciation。
15.A. dividing B. deciding
C. communicating D.enjoying
解析 D 此处说的是"而今我仍在‘享受’我的英语学习之旅"，故用enjoying。
