Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected单元知识整理

人教版九全Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.单元知识梳理
【Useful expressions】
take a shower洗 浴
by the time 在……以前
3.leave my backpack at home 把背包忘在家里
4.get back to school 返回学校
5.start teaching 开始教学
6.go off 响铃
7.put on some clothes穿上衣服
8.rush out the door 冲出房门
9.give sb.a lift 捎某人一程
10.full of the unexpected 充满着不可预知性
11.be about to do sth 正要做某事
12.wait in line 排队等候
13.stare in disbelief at 难以置信地盯着
14.raise above the burning building 从正在燃烧的楼上升起
15.hear about 听说
16.the day before 前一天
17.jump out of bed 跳下床
18.collect the math homework 收数学作业
19.think to oneself 自思自忖
plete the work for my boss 完成老板的工作
21.make the apple pie 制作苹果馅饼
22.show up 赶到，出现
23.invite sb.to a costume party邀请某人 去化妆舞会
24.make a fool of sb.愚弄某人
25.an embarrassing joke一个令人窘迫的笑话
26.play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other 互相开各种玩笑
27.sell out 卖光
28.land on the earth 登陆地球
29.hand in your homework 交作业
30.start working on sth.开始从事某事
31.stay up 熬夜
32.end up doing最终成为；最终处于
33.rather than 而不是
【Target sentences】
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
Life is full of the unexpected.
I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.!
I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on , the first plane had already hit my office building.
We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building
My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.
It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other.
【Language points】
1.Life is full of the unexpected.
(1)be full of=be filled with，意为“充满，装满”。其中full是形容词filled是动词fill的过去分词。be full of强调“满满的”状态；be filled with强调动态的过程。
Her eyes were full of tears.
= Her eyes were filled with tears.
拓展:full作形容词，还可意为“吃饱的”满的
I can’t eat any more.I’m full.
He is very busy,his schedul is almost full.
(2) the unexpected :“the+形容词”的结构，表示一类人或事物，此处指无法预料的事。
We should help the old(意指老年人)
The rich shouldn't laugh at the poor.
2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
by the time意为“到……时为止，在……以前”，引导时间状语从句，主句常用过去完成时。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。
By the time I came in, Tom had written his name on the blackboard.
3.My alarm clock didn’t go off ! I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.!
（1）go off （闹铃等）发出响声
(2)kept sleeping 持续睡觉，接着睡
keep doing sth.持续做某事
keep sb doing sth 让某人持续做某事
I'm sorry to keep you waiting so long.
keep sb from doing sth.阻止某人做某事=stop sb from doing sth=prevent sb.from doing sth.
Parents should keep children from touching drugs.
(3)woke的原形为wake，wake up是“动词+副词”结构的短语，意为“叫醒，唤醒，醒来”。当代词作宾语时，只能放在wake和up之间；若是名词作宾语，放在up之前或之后均可。
I usually wake up at 6:30.
The laughter of children wakes me up.
4.So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out of the door.
(1)put on 穿上
(2)rush out of 冲出……；跑出……
5.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
(1)be about to do sth.意为“正要或将要做某事”，在时间上指最近的将来，它比be going to do指更近的将来，不能再加明确的将来的时间状语。
The sun is about to sink in the west.
(2)decide to do sth.决定做某事
6.As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
（1）was waiting 意为正在等，过去进行时，结构为was/were+doing 的结构
She was watching TV when I called her last night.
(2)in line with 与……成一排
7.We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building.
（1）stare用作不及物动词，意为“盯着看；凝视”，常用于短语stare at，意为“凝视……；盯着看……”。
It’s impolite to stare at others.
拓展：stare还可用作可数名词，意为“注视；凝视”。
The mother looked at her baby with a warm stare.
(2) in disbelief 怀疑地；难以置信地
（3）above此处用作介词，意为“在……上面”。指“高于……”，但不与另一物接触，无“垂直”之意，表示地理、空间的位置，反义词是below。
拓展：
①over意为“在……正上方”，指一物体在另一物体的垂直上方，但与另一物体不接触，反义词是under。
②on意为“在……上面”，指一物体在另一物体上，有接触。
There is a desk on the ground.A light is over the desk.
(3)burning adj.着火的；燃烧的
It's dangerous to get close to the burning building.
8.I heard about the earthquake in New Zealand the day before.
hear about 听说，相当于hear of
hear from sb.收到某人的信
9.My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.
turn into 变成
变成 turn A into B 把A 变成B
10.By the end of the school day, …
by the end of 在（某时间点）以前
by the end of 含有“不迟于”的意思。通常情况下，根据by the end of后接时间的不同，句子选用相应的时态：
(1) 接将来的时间，句子用一般将来时
By the end of next month, I will go to Shanghai to attend a meeting.
(2) 接现在的时间，句子用现在完成时
By the end of this term, we have learned 6 English songs.
(3) 接过去的时间，句子用过去完成时
By the end of last month, I had read 3 books.
11.and I realized that my brother had fooled me.
(1) fool作名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”。make a fool of… “欺骗......，愚弄......”，play the fool “扮丑相，装傻”。
I felt a fool when I realized my mistake.
Don’t make a fool of her.It’s impolite.
I’m not going to play the fool anymore.
(2) fool 还可作动词，意为“欺骗；愚弄”。
Don’t be fooled by his appearance.
(3) foolish 为形容词，意为“愚蠢的；傻的”。
It is foolish of you to say so.
12.A friend once invited me to a costume party.
（1）invite sb.to+ (活动) 邀请某人参加某活动
（2）costume party 化妆舞会
13.…everyone else had already shown up.
show up意为“赶到；露面”。
He said he would come to the party, but he didn’t show up.
拓展：
show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.给某人看某物。
show sb.around… 带某人参观……
（be）on show 展出，展览=on display
show off 炫耀
14.April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world.
(1)take place 发生，进行
(2)句子中that takes place in different countries around the world是由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词a celebration。
（3）around the world 全世界
15.It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other.
（1）happen 发生
sth.happens\happened to sb.意为“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”。
A car accident happened to Jack yesterday.
拓展：
sb.happens\happened to do sth.意为“某人碰巧做了某事”。
I happened to meet Mr.Chen on my way home.
（2）play tricks/ jokes on sb.捉弄某人; 开某人的玩笑
（3）句子中when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other是由关系副词when引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词 a day。
16.By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out.
（1）by the time引导的时间状语从句，从句若为一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。
（2）sell out 卖光；be sold out是其被动式，意为“被卖光”。
The little girl didn’t sell out her matches.
That style of clothes has been sold out.
注意：
sell动词，意为“卖”，当表示“某物卖得好”时应用主动语态表示被动，即：sth.sells well。
This kind of skirt sells well.
17.Many April Fool’s jokes may end up being not very funny.
end up doing最终成为；最终处于
18.One of the world’s most famous tricks, however, happened in October rather than in April.
(1) one of +the +最高级+名词复数 ：最...之一
He is one of the best students I have ever taught.
(2)rather than 而不是
19.Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story,
（1）so+adj./adv.+that 如此...以至于...引导结果状语从句
(2)hundreds of意为“数以百计的”表示概数。
与具体数字连用时，用“数词+hundred”。
About three hundred people have left there.
当表示不确定的泛指数目时，要用hundreds of。
The sun was shining.Hundreds of people were lying on the
beach.
助记：模糊数字两有（有s，有of）， 具体数字两无（无s，无of）。
提示：类似hundred用法的词还有：thousand“千”；million“百万”；billion“十亿”。
20.In another famous trick a TV show in England reported the discovery of special water.
discovery /d sk v ri/ n.发现；发觉
discovery 作名词，意为“发现；发觉”。作名词，还可意为“被发现的事物 (或真相、人)”。
The discovery of new talent in the art world is inspiring.
The drug is not a new discovery — it’s been known about for years.
【拓展延伸】
22.The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled.
cancel / k nsl/ v.取消；终止
cancel此处用作及物动词，其过去式和过去分词均为canceled或cancelled，现在分词为canceling 或cancelling。
The match was canceled/ cancelled because of the bad weather.
23.Which of these stories is the most believable
believable /b li v bl/ adj.可相信的；可信任的
believable作形容词，由动词believe去e再加形容词后缀able构成。
24.Why did the supermarkets run out of spaghetti one April Fool’s Day？
run out of意为“用完，耗尽”，相当于use up，主语一般是人。
They have run out of water.
Our money has been used up.
辨析：
run out of后跟宾语，主语通常是人。
run out后不跟宾语，其主语通常是时间、金钱等，不可用被动语态。
Our money has run out.
25.the most embarrassing joke 最尴尬的笑话
embarrassing形容词，意为“使人害羞的（难堪的货惭愧的）”，修饰或描述物，表示物具有的性质。。
She asked a lot of embarrassing questions.
拓展：
embarrassed意为“窘迫的；害羞的”时，其主语通常是人，表示人的感受。
助记：一言巧记：The embarrassing problem makes the man
look very embarrassed.
【Grammar Focus】
过去完成时
1.语法概述
过去完成时由“助动词had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成，表示某动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
2.过去完成时的句式结构
(1) 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
(2) 否定句：主语 + hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他.
(3) 一般疑问句：Had+ 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.
否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t.
3.过去完成时的用法
(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作；表示动作发生在过去的过去。
(2) 过去完成时态常见的引导词有：by the time, when, before,
by。
(3) 在含有when, before等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中， 主、从句的动作都发生在过去，且有明显的先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，动作在后的用一般过去时。
(4) 常用在said, told, knew, heard, realized等的宾语从句中。
4.一般过去时和过去完成时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前（即过去的过去）发生的动作或存在的状态。
【Topic writing】
Write a story about your lucky or unlucky day.
My lucky day
I will always remember the date February 28, 2023.This was the luckiest day of my life.
When I woke up that morning, the sky was very dark.I took the early bus to school as usual.As soon as I arrived at school, it started to rain very heavily.Many students were late and were all wet when they got to school.But I wasn’t because I caught the early bus!
Later that day, I realized that I had forgotten my wallet and couldn’t buy lunch.I couldn’t believe it.Then my friend Lisa said that she could share her lunch with me.
Finally, my older brother told me that night that he could take me to the concert that I’d been dying to attend that weekend.I was so happy!
I think that was the best day I’d had in a long time.
What a lucky day!